Semi-metro (English Wikipedia)

International Study Week in Traffic Engineering: Reports pt.2 (in French). O.T.A. / Northwestern University. 1972. p. 44. Retrieved 3 September 2024.
Weigelt, Horst; Weiss, Helmut H.; Götz, Rainer E. (1977). City Traffic: A Systems Digest. Van Nostrand Reinhold. p. 44. ISBN 978-0-442-29259-1.
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. (1973). The Automobile and the Environment. Retrieved 9 February 2023. descending into tunnels in the style of conventional underground mass transit
Implementation of Transportation Controls: Hearing, Ninety-third congress. Washington, D.C. 1974. p. 492. Retrieved 17 January 2023. In essence, a semi-metro consists of light rail cars operating on exclusive tracks, generally on the surface but descending into tunnels in the style of conventional underground mass transit in city centres{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
Canadian Embassy. (1982). Canada Today: Canada D'aujourd'hui, Volumes 13-15. Retrieved 16 February 2023. light rail subway/surface line
Middleton, William D. (2003). Metropolitan Railways: Rapid Transit in America. Indiana University Press. pp. 145–147. ISBN 978-0-253-34179-2.
De Leuw, Cather & Company (1976). Light Rail Transit: A State of the Art Review. Retrieved 8 February 2023.
"Another Alternative: The Case for Light Rail, Part 2". Transit Journal. 1 (3). American Public Transit Association.: 56 August 1975.
Program, Transit Cooperative Research (2013). "11 Glossary and symbols". Transit Capacity and Quality of Service Manual. Transportation Research Board. p. 53. ISBN 978-0-309-28344-1.
George E. Gray, Lester A. Hoel (1992). Public transportation (2nd ed.). Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice Hall. pp. 131, 739. ISBN 9780137263813. Retrieved 8 February 2023.
Ian Yearsley (21 December 1972). "Trams are coming back". New Scientist. Reed Business Information Ltd. Retrieved 17 January 2023. ... San Francisco and Boston, both with semi-metros and independent plans for new tramcars.
"Regional editors". International Railway Journal: IRJ. (15). Simmons-Boardman Publishing Company: 18. 1975. Retrieved 3 May 2024. brake equipment to be fitted to 90 two-car articulated semi-metro trainsets, under construction by Duwag, for service in the municipal areas of Bonn, Cologne and Essen.
"Tyne and Wear Metro". The Highway Engineer (23). Institution of Highway Engineers.: 44 1976. Retrieved 22 March 2023.
"The Hague". The Modern Tramway (30): 118. 1967. Retrieved 22 March 2023.

bostonglobe.com

Most, Doug (26 January 2014). "The bigger dig". Boston Globe. Retrieved 8 February 2023.

docslib.org

NACTO. "Streetcar and Light Rail Characteristics". National Association of City Transportation Officials. Retrieved 16 February 2023.[1]

gouv.qc.ca

vitrinelinguistique.oqlf.gouv.qc.ca

U.S., Transportation Research Board. "Transportation Research Board Special Report 179". National Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 17 January 2023.

lightrailnow.org

"Electric Light Rail Transit (LRT) (Interurban & Streetcar)". Retrieved 17 January 2023.

nacto.org

NACTO. "Streetcar and Light Rail Characteristics". National Association of City Transportation Officials. Retrieved 16 February 2023.[1]

pedestrianobservations.com

Pedestrian Observations (August 2019). "What is Light Rail, Anyway?". Retrieved 16 February 2023.
Pedestrian Observations (21 July 2016). "What are the Strong Tramway Corridors?". Retrieved 16 February 2023.
Pedestrian Observations (29 October 2020). "Stadtbahn Systems". Retrieved 16 February 2023.

repec.org

econpapers.repec.org

Orski, C.K. (1973). "New Transportation Service Concepts". Proceedings of the International Conference on Transportation Research: 407. Retrieved 9 February 2023.

researchgate.net

Norley, Kym (2010). Light rail: The semi-metro concept. p. 4. Semi-metro: Light rail on reserved right of way over congested parts of line typically in tunnel or viaduct for grade separation designed to Metro standards, with priority surface light rail in other sections

sobieski.org.pl

Zaborowski, dr Łukasz (2018). Tramwaj dla polskich miast (in Polish). Instytut Sobieskiego. p. 32, 33. Retrieved 3 September 2024. Do lekkiej kolei zaliczymy także systemy pośrednie między metrem a tramwajem. Bezkolizyjność trasy oraz kolejowy system sterowania w połączeniu z taborem tramwajowym to semi-metro. System taki może działać jako semi-metro w obszarze śródmiejskim, a w dzielnicach zewnętrznych jako szybki tramwaj. — Light rail also includes intermediate systems between the metro and the tram. The collision-free route and the railway control system combined with the tram rolling stock are called semi-metro. Such a system can operate as a semi-metro in the city center, and in the outer districts as a rapid tram.

termiumplus.gc.ca

btb.termiumplus.gc.ca

"PREMETRO [1 record]". TERMIUM Plus®. 8 October 2009. Retrieved 9 February 2023.

torrossa.com

Cappelli, Agostino; Nocera, Silvio; Libardo, Alessandra (2013). Environment, land use and transportation systems : selected papers. p. 42. Retrieved 22 March 2024. Rather soon attention was given to Light Rapid Transit modes such as pre-metro and semi-metro (Hannover) employing heavy trams instead of light trains to run on open-air independent or semi-independent tracks, and just and just seldom using short bypass tunnels or fly-evers to skip congestion in central areas.

trb.org

trid.trb.org

"THE RAPID TRAMWAY: A FEASIBLE SOLUTION TO THE URBAN TRANSPORTATION PROBLEM". Traffic Quarterly. 24 (4): 517. 1970. ISSN 0041-0713. Retrieved 7 April 2024.
Transportation Research Board National Research Council (1989). Urban Public Transportation Glossary. Retrieved 16 February 2023. pre-metro: a light rail transit system designed with provisions for easy conversion to rail rapid transit
Landgraf, Robert J. (1992). "Cleveland's Light Rail System in the 1980s: The Ongoing Revolution". Transportation Research Record (1361): 259. ISSN 0361-1981. Retrieved 22 March 2023.
Vogel, A. T. (December 1972). "The semi-metro plan for Den Haag". The Modern Tramway. 35 (35): 404. Retrieved 22 March 2023.

trb.org

Haring, Leonardus H. 13th National Light Rail and Streetcar Conference: Transforming Urban Areas. p. 401. Retrieved 1 August 2023.
Transportation Research Board (2003). 9th National Light Rail Transit Conference. p. 29. Retrieved 16 February 2023. By this time, there was considerable interest in reconfiguring the U.S. subway-surface streetcar systems to resemble northern European practice, and there was increasing recognition that modern tramways might be appropriate for urban regions that long since had given up streetcar operation.
John W., Schumann. "What's New in North American Light Rail Transit Projects?". TRB Special Report. 221 (Light Rail Transit: New System Successes at Affordable Prices): 31. Retrieved 24 July 2024.

verkeerskunde.nl

van Lith, Joske. "Geluidloos zoeven door Rennes". Verkeerskunde (in Dutch). Retrieved 2 February 2023.

web.archive.org

The Boston Daily Globe, "First Car off the Earth: Allston Electric Goes into the subway on schedule time.", The Boston Daily Globe, September 1, 1897. Experiences of the first Subway Riders in Boston.

wiley.com

onlinelibrary.wiley.com

Vuchic, Vukan R. (14 February 2007). Urban Transit Systems and Technology. Wiley. p. 579. ISBN 978-0-471-75823-5. Retrieved 15 August 2024.

worldcat.org

search.worldcat.org

"THE RAPID TRAMWAY: A FEASIBLE SOLUTION TO THE URBAN TRANSPORTATION PROBLEM". Traffic Quarterly. 24 (4): 517. 1970. ISSN 0041-0713. Retrieved 7 April 2024.
Landgraf, Robert J. (1992). "Cleveland's Light Rail System in the 1980s: The Ongoing Revolution". Transportation Research Record (1361): 259. ISSN 0361-1981. Retrieved 22 March 2023.