Sepsis (English Wikipedia)

Martin GS, Mannino DM, Eaton S, Moss M (April 2003). "The epidemiology of sepsis in the United States from 1979 through 2000". The New England Journal of Medicine. 348 (16): 1546–1554. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa022139. PMID 12700374. Archived from the original on 22 September 2021. Retrieved 29 June 2019.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

Munford RS, Suffredini AF (2014). "Ch. 75: Sepsis, Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock". In Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ (eds.). Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases (8th ed.). Philadelphia: Elsevier Health Sciences. pp. 914–34. ISBN 978-0-323-26373-3.
Vincent JL (2008). "Ch. 1: Definition of Sepsis and Non-infectious SIRS". In Cavaillon JM, Christophe A (eds.). Sepsis and Non-infectious Systemic Inflammation: From Biology to Critical Care. John Wiley & Sons. p. 3. ISBN 978-3-527-31935-0.

cdc.gov (Global: 251^st place; English: 248^th place)

"Sepsis Questions and Answers". cdc.gov. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 22 May 2014. Archived from the original on 4 December 2014. Retrieved 28 November 2014.

d2xk4h2me8pjt2.cloudfront.net (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Blood Culture Collection" (PDF). WVUH Laboratories. 7 April 2012. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 March 2020. Retrieved 23 March 2020.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Deutschman CS, Tracey KJ (April 2014). "Sepsis: current dogma and new perspectives". Immunity. 40 (4): 463–475. doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2014.04.001. PMID 24745331.
Singer M, Deutschman CS, Seymour CW, Shankar-Hari M, Annane D, Bauer M, et al. (February 2016). "The Third International Consensus Definitions for Sepsis and Septic Shock (Sepsis-3)". JAMA. 315 (8): 801–810. doi:10.1001/jama.2016.0287. PMC 4968574. PMID 26903338.
Rhodes A, Evans LE, Alhazzani W, Levy MM, Antonelli M, Ferrer R, et al. (March 2017). "Surviving Sepsis Campaign: International Guidelines for Management of Sepsis and Septic Shock: 2016". Intensive Care Medicine. 43 (3): 304–377. doi:10.1007/s00134-017-4683-6. PMID 28101605.
Angus DC, van der Poll T (August 2013). "Severe sepsis and septic shock". The New England Journal of Medicine. 369 (9): 840–851. doi:10.1056/NEJMra1208623. PMID 23984731.
Cao C, Yu M, Chai Y (October 2019). "Pathological alteration and therapeutic implications of sepsis-induced immune cell apoptosis". Cell Death & Disease. 10 (10) 782. doi:10.1038/s41419-019-2015-1. PMC 6791888. PMID 31611560.
Dellinger RP, Levy MM, Rhodes A, Annane D, Gerlach H, Opal SM, et al. (February 2013). "Surviving sepsis campaign: international guidelines for management of severe sepsis and septic shock: 2012". Critical Care Medicine. 41 (2): 580–637. doi:10.1097/CCM.0b013e31827e83af. PMID 23353941.
Meyer, Nuala J.; Prescott, Hallie C. (5 December 2024). "Sepsis and Septic Shock". New England Journal of Medicine. 391 (22): 2133–2146. doi:10.1056/NEJMra2403213. PMID 39774315.
Sehgal M, Ladd HJ, Totapally B (December 2020). "Trends in Epidemiology and Microbiology of Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock in Children". Hospital Pediatrics. 10 (12): 1021–1030. doi:10.1542/hpeds.2020-0174. PMID 33208389. S2CID 227067133.
Annane, Djillali; Briegel, Josef; Granton, David; Bellissant, Eric; Bollaert, Pierre Edouard; Keh, Didier; Kupfer, Yizhak; Pirracchio, Romain; Rochwerg, Bram (5 June 2025). "Corticosteroids for treating sepsis in children and adults". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2025 (6) CD002243. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD002243.pub5. ISSN 1469-493X. PMC 12138977. PMID 40470636.
Fang F, Zhang Y, Tang J, Lunsford LD, Li T, Tang R, et al. (February 2019). "Association of Corticosteroid Treatment With Outcomes in Adult Patients With Sepsis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis". JAMA Internal Medicine. 179 (2): 213–223. doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2018.5849. PMC 6439648. PMID 30575845.
Long B, Koyfman A (November 2017). "Controversies in Corticosteroid use for Sepsis". The Journal of Emergency Medicine. 53 (5): 653–661. doi:10.1016/j.jemermed.2017.05.024. PMID 28916121.
Jawad I, Lukšić I, Rafnsson SB (June 2012). "Assessing available information on the burden of sepsis: global estimates of incidence, prevalence and mortality". Journal of Global Health. 2 (1) 010404. doi:10.7189/jogh.01.010404. PMC 3484761. PMID 23198133.
Epstein L, Dantes R, Magill S, Fiore A (April 2016). "Varying Estimates of Sepsis Mortality Using Death Certificates and Administrative Codes--United States, 1999-2014". MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. 65 (13): 342–345. doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm6513a2. PMID 27054476.
Desale M, Thinkhamrop J, Lumbiganon P, Qazi S, Anderson J (October 2016). "Ending preventable maternal and newborn deaths due to infection". Best Practice & Research. Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology. 36: 116–130. doi:10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2016.05.008. PMID 27450868.
Rudd KE, Johnson SC, Agesa KM, Shackelford KA, Tsoi D, Kievlan DR, et al. (January 2020). "Global, regional, and national sepsis incidence and mortality, 1990-2017: analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study". Lancet. 395 (10219): 200–211. Bibcode:2020Lanc..395..200R. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(19)32989-7. hdl:11343/273829. PMC 6970225. PMID 31954465.
Martin GS (June 2012). "Sepsis, severe sepsis and septic shock: changes in incidence, pathogens and outcomes". Expert Review of Anti-Infective Therapy. 10 (6): 701–706. doi:10.1586/eri.12.50. PMC 3488423. PMID 22734959.
Levy MM, Fink MP, Marshall JC, Abraham E, Angus D, Cook D, et al. (April 2003). "2001 SCCM/ESICM/ACCP/ATS/SIS International Sepsis Definitions Conference" (PDF). Critical Care Medicine. 31 (4): 1250–1256. doi:10.1097/01.CCM.0000050454.01978.3B. PMID 12682500. S2CID 19605781. Archived (PDF) from the original on 24 September 2015.
Singer P, Blaser AR, Berger MM, Alhazzani W, Calder PC, Casaer MP, et al. (February 2019). "ESPEN guideline on clinical nutrition in the intensive care unit". Clinical Nutrition. 38 (1): 48–79. doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2018.08.037. PMID 30348463. S2CID 53036546.
Khilnani P, Singhi S, Lodha R, Santhanam I, Sachdev A, Chugh K, Jaishree M, Ranjit S, Ramachandran B, Ali U, Udani S, Uttam R, Deopujari S (January 2010). "Pediatric Sepsis Guidelines: Summary for resource-limited countries". Indian J Crit Care Med. 14 (1): 41–52. doi:10.4103/0972-5229.63029. PMC 2888329. PMID 20606908.
Al-Khalisy H, Nikiforov I, Jhajj M, Kodali N, Cheriyath P (11 December 2015). "A widened pulse pressure: a potential valuable prognostic indicator of mortality in patients with sepsis. J Community Hosp Intern Med Perspect". J Community Hosp Intern Med Perspect. 5 (6) 29426. doi:10.3402/jchimp.v5.29426. PMC 4677588. PMID 26653692.
Polat G, Ugan RA, Cadirci E, Halici Z (February 2017). "Sepsis and Septic Shock: Current Treatment Strategies and New Approaches". The Eurasian Journal of Medicine. 49 (1): 53–58. doi:10.5152/eurasianjmed.2017.17062. PMC 5389495. PMID 28416934.
Ramachandran G (January 2014). "Gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial toxins in sepsis: a brief review". Virulence. 5 (1): 213–218. doi:10.4161/viru.27024. PMC 3916377. PMID 24193365.
Delaloye J, Calandra T (January 2014). "Invasive candidiasis as a cause of sepsis in the critically ill patient". Virulence. 5 (1): 161–169. doi:10.4161/viru.26187. PMC 3916370. PMID 24157707.
Shukla P, Rao GM, Pandey G, Sharma S, Mittapelly N, Shegokar R, Mishra PR (November 2014). "Therapeutic interventions in sepsis: current and anticipated pharmacological agents". British Journal of Pharmacology. 171 (22): 5011–5031. doi:10.1111/bph.12829. PMC 4253453. PMID 24977655.
Bone RC, Balk RA, Cerra FB, Dellinger RP, Fein AM, Knaus WA, et al. (The ACCP/SCCM Consensus Conference Committee. American College of Chest Physicians/Society of Critical Care Medicine) (June 1992). "Definitions for sepsis and organ failure and guidelines for the use of innovative therapies in sepsis. The ACCP/SCCM Consensus Conference Committee. American College of Chest Physicians/Society of Critical Care Medicine". Chest. 101 (6): 1644–1655. doi:10.1378/chest.101.6.1644. PMID 1303622. Archived from the original on 5 May 2019. Retrieved 13 March 2020. Septicemia... has been used... in a variety of ways... We therefore suggest that this term be eliminated from current usage.
Xu X, Wang Y, Tao Y, Dang W, Yang B, Li Y (January 2024). "The role of platelets in sepsis: A review". Biomolecules & Biomedicine. 24 (4): 741–752. doi:10.17305/bb.2023.10135. PMC 11293227. PMID 38236204.
Park BS, Lee JO (December 2013). "Recognition of lipopolysaccharide pattern by TLR4 complexes". Experimental & Molecular Medicine. 45 (12): e66. doi:10.1038/emm.2013.97. PMC 3880462. PMID 24310172.
Cross AS (January 2014). "Anti-endotoxin vaccines: back to the future". Virulence. 5 (1): 219–225. doi:10.4161/viru.25965. PMC 3916378. PMID 23974910.
Fournier B, Philpott DJ (July 2005). "Recognition of Staphylococcus aureus by the innate immune system". Clinical Microbiology Reviews. 18 (3): 521–540. doi:10.1128/CMR.18.3.521-540.2005. PMC 1195972. PMID 16020688.
Leentjens J, Kox M, van der Hoeven JG, Netea MG, Pickkers P (June 2013). "Immunotherapy for the adjunctive treatment of sepsis: from immunosuppression to immunostimulation. Time for a paradigm change?". American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. 187 (12): 1287–1293. doi:10.1164/rccm.201301-0036CP. PMID 23590272.
Antonopoulou A, Giamarellos-Bourboulis EJ (January 2011). "Immunomodulation in sepsis: state of the art and future perspective". Immunotherapy. 3 (1): 117–128. doi:10.2217/imt.10.82. PMID 21174562.
Denning, Naomi-Liza; Aziz, Monowar; Gurien, Steven D.; Wang, Ping (30 October 2019). "DAMPs and NETs in Sepsis". Frontiers in Immunology. 10 2536. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2019.02536. ISSN 1664-3224. PMC 6831555. PMID 31736963.
Yuki K, Murakami N (6 January 2016). "Sepsis pathophysiology and anesthetic consideration". Cardiovascular & Hematological Disorders Drug Targets. 15 (1): 57–69. doi:10.2174/1871529x15666150108114810. PMC 4704087. PMID 25567335.
Fujishima S (1 November 2016). "Organ dysfunction as a new standard for defining sepsis". Inflammation and Regeneration. 36 (24) 24. doi:10.1186/s41232-016-0029-y. PMC 5725936. PMID 29259697.
Nimah M, Brilli RJ (July 2003). "Coagulation dysfunction in sepsis and multiple organ system failure". Critical Care Clinics. 19 (3): 441–458. doi:10.1016/s0749-0704(03)00008-3. PMID 12848314.
Marik PE (June 2014). "Iatrogenic salt water drowning and the hazards of a high central venous pressure". Annals of Intensive Care. 4 21. doi:10.1186/s13613-014-0021-0. PMC 4122823. PMID 25110606.
Marik PE (June 2014). "Early management of severe sepsis: concepts and controversies". Chest. 145 (6): 1407–1418. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.661.7518. doi:10.1378/chest.13-2104. PMID 24889440. {{cite journal}}: Cite uses deprecated parameter |citeseerx= (help)
Wacker C, Prkno A, Brunkhorst FM, Schlattmann P (May 2013). "Procalcitonin as a diagnostic marker for sepsis: a systematic review and meta-analysis". The Lancet. Infectious Diseases. 13 (5): 426–435. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(12)70323-7. PMID 23375419. Archived from the original on 23 September 2021. Retrieved 5 July 2020.
Morris E, McCartney D, Lasserson D, Van den Bruel A, Fisher R, Hayward G (December 2017). "Point-of-care lactate testing for sepsis at presentation to health care: a systematic review of patient outcomes". The British Journal of General Practice. 67 (665): e859–e870. doi:10.3399/bjgp17X693665. PMC 5697556. PMID 29158243.
Bone RC, Balk RA, et al. (The ACCP/SCCM Consensus Conference Committee. American College of Chest Physicians/Society of Critical Care Medicine) (June 1992). "Definitions for sepsis and organ failure and guidelines for the use of innovative therapies in sepsis". Chest. 101 (6): 1644–55. doi:10.1378/chest.101.6.1644. PMID 1303622.
Soong J, Soni N (June 2012). "Sepsis: recognition and treatment". Clinical Medicine. 12 (3): 276–280. doi:10.7861/clinmedicine.12-3-276. PMC 4953494. PMID 22783783.
Singer, Mervyn; Deutschman, Clifford S.; Seymour, Christopher Warren; Shankar-Hari, Manu; Annane, Djillali; Bauer, Michael; Bellomo, Rinaldo; Bernard, Gordon R.; Chiche, Jean-Daniel; Coopersmith, Craig M.; Hotchkiss, Richard S.; Levy, Mitchell M.; Marshall, John C.; Martin, Greg S.; Opal, Steven M. (23 February 2016). "The Third International Consensus Definitions for Sepsis and Septic Shock (Sepsis-3)". JAMA. 315 (8): 801–810. doi:10.1001/jama.2016.0287. ISSN 1538-3598. PMC 4968574. PMID 26903338.
Simpson SQ (May 2016). "New Sepsis Criteria: A Change We Should Not Make". Chest. 149 (5): 1117–1118. doi:10.1016/j.chest.2016.02.653. PMID 26927525. We believe that adopting a more restrictive definition that requires further progression along the sepsis pathway may delay intervention in this highly time-dependent condition, with additional risk to patients.
Vincent JL, Martin GS, Levy MM (July 2016). "qSOFA does not replace SIRS in the definition of sepsis". Critical Care. 20 (1) 210. doi:10.1186/s13054-016-1389-z. PMC 4947518. PMID 27423462. We hope this editorial will clarify that the qSOFA is meant to be used to raise suspicion of sepsis and prompt further action—it is not a replacement for SIRS and is not part of the definition of sepsis.
Fernando SM, Tran A, Taljaard M, Cheng W, Rochwerg B, Seely AJ, Perry JJ (February 2018). "Prognostic Accuracy of the Quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment for Mortality in Patients With Suspected Infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis". Annals of Internal Medicine. 168 (4): 266–275. doi:10.7326/M17-2820. PMID 29404582. S2CID 3441582.
Abraham E, Singer M (October 2007). "Mechanisms of sepsis-induced organ dysfunction". Critical Care Medicine. 35 (10): 2408–2416. doi:10.1097/01.CCM.0000282072.56245.91. PMID 17948334. S2CID 12657048.
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Annane, Djillali; Briegel, Josef; Granton, David; Bellissant, Eric; Bollaert, Pierre Edouard; Keh, Didier; Kupfer, Yizhak; Pirracchio, Romain; Rochwerg, Bram (5 June 2025). "Corticosteroids for treating sepsis in children and adults". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2025 (6) CD002243. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD002243.pub5. ISSN 1469-493X. PMC 12138977. PMID 40470636.
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books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

cdc.gov (Global: 251^st place; English: 248^th place)

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

hdl.handle.net (Global: 66^th place; English: 34^th place)

jamanetwork.com (Global: 3,157^th place; English: 3,607^th place)

jstor.org (Global: 23^rd place; English: 15^th place)

medlineplus.gov (Global: 1,521^st place; English: 1,017^th place)

merckmanuals.com (Global: 4,016^th place; English: 3,703^rd place)

nejm.org (Global: 2,717^th place; English: 6,305^th place)

nih.gov (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

npr.org (Global: 114^th place; English: 75^th place)

psu.edu (Global: 299^th place; English: 159^th place)

sagepub.com (Global: 609^th place; English: 451^st place)

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)

slate.com (Global: 409^th place; English: 260^th place)

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)