Serotype (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Serotype" in English language version.

refsWebsite

Global rank English rank

38nih.gov

4^th place

21doi.org

2^nd place

4harvard.edu

18^th place

17^th place

1thefreedictionary.com

614^th place

572^nd place

1antimicrobialresistance.dk

low place

1cdc.gov

218^th place

212^th place

antimicrobialresistance.dk

"Laboratory Protocol: "Serotyping of Shigella spp."" (PDF). WHO Global Foodborne Infections Network.

cdc.gov

"Serotypes and the Importance of Serotyping Salmonella". CDC. Retrieved 16 October 2014.

doi.org

Lancefield RC (March 1933). "A Serological Differentiation of Human and Other Groups of Hemolytic Streptococci". The Journal of Experimental Medicine. 57 (4): 571–95. doi:10.1084/jem.57.4.571. PMC 2132252. PMID 19870148.
Fussell H, Thomas M, Street J, Darke C (1996). "HLA-A9 antibodies and epitopes". Tissue Antigens. 47 (4): 307–12. doi:10.1111/j.1399-0039.1996.tb02558.x. PMID 8773320.
Habib, M; Porter, BD; Satzke, C (24 February 2014). "Capsular serotyping of Streptococcus pneumoniae using the Quellung reaction". Journal of Visualized Experiments (84): e51208. doi:10.3791/51208. PMC 4131683. PMID 24637727.
Kissmeyer-Nielsen, F. (1980). The Serology of HLA-A, -B, and -C. Clinical Immunobiology. Vol. 4. pp. 99–111. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-070004-2.50012-8. ISBN 9780120700042.
Luo Y, Huang C, Ye J, Octavia S, Wang H, Dunbar SA, et al. (2020-09-07). "Comparison of xMAP Salmonella Serotyping Assay With Traditional Serotyping and Discordance Resolution by Whole Genome Sequencing". Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology. 10: 452. doi:10.3389/fcimb.2020.00452. PMC 7504902. PMID 33014887. However, similar to all molecular assays, genotyping assay does not necessary correlate with phenotypic assay as genes may not be expressed.
Lacher, DW; Gangiredla, J; Jackson, SA; Elkins, CA; Feng, PC (August 2014). "Novel microarray design for molecular serotyping of shiga toxin- producing Escherichia coli strains isolated from fresh produce". Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 80 (15): 4677–4682. Bibcode:2014ApEnM..80.4677L. doi:10.1128/AEM.01049-14. PMC 4148803. PMID 24837388. Furthermore, the array identified the H types of 97% of the produce STEC strains compared to 65% by serology, including six strains that were mistyped by serology.
Frohn C, Fricke L, Puchta JC, Kirchner H (February 2001). "The effect of HLA-C matching on acute renal transplant rejection". Nephrology, Dialysis, Transplantation. 16 (2): 355–60. doi:10.1093/ndt/16.2.355. PMID 11158412.
Wang, L; Wang, Q; Reeves, PR (2010). "The Variation of O Antigens in Gram-Negative Bacteria". Endotoxins: Structure, Function and Recognition. Subcellular Biochemistry. Vol. 53. pp. 123–52. doi:10.1007/978-90-481-9078-2_6. ISBN 978-90-481-9077-5. PMID 20593265.
Ratiner, YA; Salmenlinna, S; Eklund, M; Keskimäki, M; Siitonen, A (March 2003). "Serology and genetics of the flagellar antigen of Escherichia coli O157:H7a,7c". Journal of Clinical Microbiology. 41 (3): 1033–40. doi:10.1128/JCM.41.3.1033-1040.2003. PMC 150270. PMID 12624026.
Arredondo-Alonso, Sergio; Blundell-Hunter, George; Fu, Zuyi; Gladstone, Rebecca A.; Fillol-Salom, Alfred; Loraine, Jessica; Cloutman-Green, Elaine; Johnsen, Pål J.; Samuelsen, Ørjan; Pöntinen, Anna K.; Cléon, François; Chavez-Bueno, Susana; De la Cruz, Miguel A.; Ares, Miguel A.; Vongsouvath, Manivanh; Chmielarczyk, Agnieszka; Horner, Carolyne; Klein, Nigel; McNally, Alan; Reis, Joice N.; Penadés, José R.; Thomson, Nicholas R.; Corander, Jukka; Taylor, Peter W.; McCarthy, Alex J. (15 June 2023). "Evolutionary and functional history of the Escherichia coli K1 capsule". Nature Communications. 14 (1): 3294. Bibcode:2023NatCo..14.3294A. doi:10.1038/s41467-023-39052-w. PMC 10272209. PMID 37322051.
Rai, AK; Mitchell, AM (11 August 2020). "Enterobacterial Common Antigen: Synthesis and Function of an Enigmatic Molecule". mBio. 11 (4). doi:10.1128/mBio.01914-20. PMC 7439462. PMID 32788387.
Liu, Bin; Furevi, Axel; Perepelov, Andrei V; Guo, Xi; Cao, Hengchun; Wang, Quan; Reeves, Peter R; Knirel, Yuriy A; Wang, Lei; Widmalm, Göran (24 November 2020). "Structure and genetics of Escherichia coli O antigens". FEMS Microbiology Reviews. 44 (6): 655–683. doi:10.1093/femsre/fuz028. PMC 7685785. PMID 31778182.
Wang L; Rothemund D; Reeves PR (May 2003). "Species-Wide Variation in the Escherichia coli Flagellin (H-Antigen) Gene". Journal of Bacteriology. 185 (9): 2396–2943. doi:10.1128/JB.185.9.2936-2943.2003. PMC 154406. PMID 12700273.
Kunduru, BR; Nair, SA; Rathinavelan, T (4 January 2016). "EK3D: an E. coli K antigen 3-dimensional structure database". Nucleic Acids Research. 44 (D1): D675-81. doi:10.1093/nar/gkv1313. PMC 4702918. PMID 26615200.
Liu, Bin; Knirel, Yuriy A.; Feng, Lu; Perepelov, Andrei V.; Senchenkova, Sof'ya N.; Wang, Quan; Reeves, Peter R.; Wang, Lei (July 2008). "Structure and genetics of Shigella O antigens". FEMS Microbiology Reviews. 32 (4): 627–653. doi:10.1111/j.1574-6976.2008.00114.x. PMID 18422615.
Gal-Mor O, Boyle EC, Grassl GA (2014). "Same species, different diseases: how and why typhoidal and non-typhoidal Salmonella enterica serovars differ". Frontiers in Microbiology. 5: 391. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2014.00391. PMC 4120697. PMID 25136336.
Wattiau P, Boland C, Bertrand S (November 2011). "Methodologies for Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica subtyping: gold standards and alternatives". Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 77 (22): 7877–85. Bibcode:2011ApEnM..77.7877W. doi:10.1128/AEM.05527-11. PMC 3209009. PMID 21856826.
Yother, J (2011). "Capsules of Streptococcus pneumoniae and other bacteria: paradigms for polysaccharide biosynthesis and regulation". Annual Review of Microbiology. 65: 563–81. doi:10.1146/annurev.micro.62.081307.162944. PMID 21721938.
Cowan, Graeme J. M.; Creasey, Alison M.; Dhanasarnsombut, Kelwalin; Thomas, Alan W.; Remarque, Edmond J.; Cavanagh, David R. (26 October 2011). "A Malaria Vaccine Based on the Polymorphic Block 2 Region of MSP-1 that Elicits a Broad Serotype-Spanning Immune Response". PLOS ONE. 6 (10): e26616. Bibcode:2011PLoSO...626616C. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0026616. PMC 3202563. PMID 22073118.
Shobab, Leila; Pleyer, Uwe; Johnsen, Joerdis; Metzner, Sylvia; James, Erick R.; Torun, N.; Fay, Michael P.; Liesenfeld, Oliver; Grigg, Michael E. (1 November 2013). "Toxoplasma Serotype Is Associated With Development of Ocular Toxoplasmosis". The Journal of Infectious Diseases. 208 (9): 1520–1528. doi:10.1093/infdis/jit313. PMC 3789564. PMID 23878321.
Balouz, Virginia; Bracco, Leonel; Ricci, Alejandro D.; Romer, Guadalupe; Agüero, Fernán; Buscaglia, Carlos A. (March 2021). "Serological Approaches for Trypanosoma cruzi Strain Typing". Trends in Parasitology. 37 (3): 214–225. doi:10.1016/j.pt.2020.12.002. PMC 8900812. PMID 33436314.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Lacher, DW; Gangiredla, J; Jackson, SA; Elkins, CA; Feng, PC (August 2014). "Novel microarray design for molecular serotyping of shiga toxin- producing Escherichia coli strains isolated from fresh produce". Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 80 (15): 4677–4682. Bibcode:2014ApEnM..80.4677L. doi:10.1128/AEM.01049-14. PMC 4148803. PMID 24837388. Furthermore, the array identified the H types of 97% of the produce STEC strains compared to 65% by serology, including six strains that were mistyped by serology.
Arredondo-Alonso, Sergio; Blundell-Hunter, George; Fu, Zuyi; Gladstone, Rebecca A.; Fillol-Salom, Alfred; Loraine, Jessica; Cloutman-Green, Elaine; Johnsen, Pål J.; Samuelsen, Ørjan; Pöntinen, Anna K.; Cléon, François; Chavez-Bueno, Susana; De la Cruz, Miguel A.; Ares, Miguel A.; Vongsouvath, Manivanh; Chmielarczyk, Agnieszka; Horner, Carolyne; Klein, Nigel; McNally, Alan; Reis, Joice N.; Penadés, José R.; Thomson, Nicholas R.; Corander, Jukka; Taylor, Peter W.; McCarthy, Alex J. (15 June 2023). "Evolutionary and functional history of the Escherichia coli K1 capsule". Nature Communications. 14 (1): 3294. Bibcode:2023NatCo..14.3294A. doi:10.1038/s41467-023-39052-w. PMC 10272209. PMID 37322051.
Wattiau P, Boland C, Bertrand S (November 2011). "Methodologies for Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica subtyping: gold standards and alternatives". Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 77 (22): 7877–85. Bibcode:2011ApEnM..77.7877W. doi:10.1128/AEM.05527-11. PMC 3209009. PMID 21856826.
Cowan, Graeme J. M.; Creasey, Alison M.; Dhanasarnsombut, Kelwalin; Thomas, Alan W.; Remarque, Edmond J.; Cavanagh, David R. (26 October 2011). "A Malaria Vaccine Based on the Polymorphic Block 2 Region of MSP-1 that Elicits a Broad Serotype-Spanning Immune Response". PLOS ONE. 6 (10): e26616. Bibcode:2011PLoSO...626616C. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0026616. PMC 3202563. PMID 22073118.

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Lancefield RC (March 1933). "A Serological Differentiation of Human and Other Groups of Hemolytic Streptococci". The Journal of Experimental Medicine. 57 (4): 571–95. doi:10.1084/jem.57.4.571. PMC 2132252. PMID 19870148.
Fussell H, Thomas M, Street J, Darke C (1996). "HLA-A9 antibodies and epitopes". Tissue Antigens. 47 (4): 307–12. doi:10.1111/j.1399-0039.1996.tb02558.x. PMID 8773320.
Habib, M; Porter, BD; Satzke, C (24 February 2014). "Capsular serotyping of Streptococcus pneumoniae using the Quellung reaction". Journal of Visualized Experiments (84): e51208. doi:10.3791/51208. PMC 4131683. PMID 24637727.
Luo Y, Huang C, Ye J, Octavia S, Wang H, Dunbar SA, et al. (2020-09-07). "Comparison of xMAP Salmonella Serotyping Assay With Traditional Serotyping and Discordance Resolution by Whole Genome Sequencing". Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology. 10: 452. doi:10.3389/fcimb.2020.00452. PMC 7504902. PMID 33014887. However, similar to all molecular assays, genotyping assay does not necessary correlate with phenotypic assay as genes may not be expressed.
Lacher, DW; Gangiredla, J; Jackson, SA; Elkins, CA; Feng, PC (August 2014). "Novel microarray design for molecular serotyping of shiga toxin- producing Escherichia coli strains isolated from fresh produce". Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 80 (15): 4677–4682. Bibcode:2014ApEnM..80.4677L. doi:10.1128/AEM.01049-14. PMC 4148803. PMID 24837388. Furthermore, the array identified the H types of 97% of the produce STEC strains compared to 65% by serology, including six strains that were mistyped by serology.
Frohn C, Fricke L, Puchta JC, Kirchner H (February 2001). "The effect of HLA-C matching on acute renal transplant rejection". Nephrology, Dialysis, Transplantation. 16 (2): 355–60. doi:10.1093/ndt/16.2.355. PMID 11158412.
Wang, L; Wang, Q; Reeves, PR (2010). "The Variation of O Antigens in Gram-Negative Bacteria". Endotoxins: Structure, Function and Recognition. Subcellular Biochemistry. Vol. 53. pp. 123–52. doi:10.1007/978-90-481-9078-2_6. ISBN 978-90-481-9077-5. PMID 20593265.
Ratiner, YA; Salmenlinna, S; Eklund, M; Keskimäki, M; Siitonen, A (March 2003). "Serology and genetics of the flagellar antigen of Escherichia coli O157:H7a,7c". Journal of Clinical Microbiology. 41 (3): 1033–40. doi:10.1128/JCM.41.3.1033-1040.2003. PMC 150270. PMID 12624026.
Arredondo-Alonso, Sergio; Blundell-Hunter, George; Fu, Zuyi; Gladstone, Rebecca A.; Fillol-Salom, Alfred; Loraine, Jessica; Cloutman-Green, Elaine; Johnsen, Pål J.; Samuelsen, Ørjan; Pöntinen, Anna K.; Cléon, François; Chavez-Bueno, Susana; De la Cruz, Miguel A.; Ares, Miguel A.; Vongsouvath, Manivanh; Chmielarczyk, Agnieszka; Horner, Carolyne; Klein, Nigel; McNally, Alan; Reis, Joice N.; Penadés, José R.; Thomson, Nicholas R.; Corander, Jukka; Taylor, Peter W.; McCarthy, Alex J. (15 June 2023). "Evolutionary and functional history of the Escherichia coli K1 capsule". Nature Communications. 14 (1): 3294. Bibcode:2023NatCo..14.3294A. doi:10.1038/s41467-023-39052-w. PMC 10272209. PMID 37322051.
Rai, AK; Mitchell, AM (11 August 2020). "Enterobacterial Common Antigen: Synthesis and Function of an Enigmatic Molecule". mBio. 11 (4). doi:10.1128/mBio.01914-20. PMC 7439462. PMID 32788387.
Liu, Bin; Furevi, Axel; Perepelov, Andrei V; Guo, Xi; Cao, Hengchun; Wang, Quan; Reeves, Peter R; Knirel, Yuriy A; Wang, Lei; Widmalm, Göran (24 November 2020). "Structure and genetics of Escherichia coli O antigens". FEMS Microbiology Reviews. 44 (6): 655–683. doi:10.1093/femsre/fuz028. PMC 7685785. PMID 31778182.
Wang L; Rothemund D; Reeves PR (May 2003). "Species-Wide Variation in the Escherichia coli Flagellin (H-Antigen) Gene". Journal of Bacteriology. 185 (9): 2396–2943. doi:10.1128/JB.185.9.2936-2943.2003. PMC 154406. PMID 12700273.
Kunduru, BR; Nair, SA; Rathinavelan, T (4 January 2016). "EK3D: an E. coli K antigen 3-dimensional structure database". Nucleic Acids Research. 44 (D1): D675-81. doi:10.1093/nar/gkv1313. PMC 4702918. PMID 26615200.
Liu, Bin; Knirel, Yuriy A.; Feng, Lu; Perepelov, Andrei V.; Senchenkova, Sof'ya N.; Wang, Quan; Reeves, Peter R.; Wang, Lei (July 2008). "Structure and genetics of Shigella O antigens". FEMS Microbiology Reviews. 32 (4): 627–653. doi:10.1111/j.1574-6976.2008.00114.x. PMID 18422615.
Gal-Mor O, Boyle EC, Grassl GA (2014). "Same species, different diseases: how and why typhoidal and non-typhoidal Salmonella enterica serovars differ". Frontiers in Microbiology. 5: 391. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2014.00391. PMC 4120697. PMID 25136336.
Wattiau P, Boland C, Bertrand S (November 2011). "Methodologies for Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica subtyping: gold standards and alternatives". Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 77 (22): 7877–85. Bibcode:2011ApEnM..77.7877W. doi:10.1128/AEM.05527-11. PMC 3209009. PMID 21856826.
Yother, J (2011). "Capsules of Streptococcus pneumoniae and other bacteria: paradigms for polysaccharide biosynthesis and regulation". Annual Review of Microbiology. 65: 563–81. doi:10.1146/annurev.micro.62.081307.162944. PMID 21721938.
Chulay, JD; Haynes, JD; Diggs, CL (1985). "Serotypes of Plasmodium falciparum defined by immune serum inhibition of in vitro growth". Bulletin of the World Health Organization. 63 (2): 317–23. PMC 2536403. PMID 3893775.
Cowan, Graeme J. M.; Creasey, Alison M.; Dhanasarnsombut, Kelwalin; Thomas, Alan W.; Remarque, Edmond J.; Cavanagh, David R. (26 October 2011). "A Malaria Vaccine Based on the Polymorphic Block 2 Region of MSP-1 that Elicits a Broad Serotype-Spanning Immune Response". PLOS ONE. 6 (10): e26616. Bibcode:2011PLoSO...626616C. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0026616. PMC 3202563. PMID 22073118.
Shobab, Leila; Pleyer, Uwe; Johnsen, Joerdis; Metzner, Sylvia; James, Erick R.; Torun, N.; Fay, Michael P.; Liesenfeld, Oliver; Grigg, Michael E. (1 November 2013). "Toxoplasma Serotype Is Associated With Development of Ocular Toxoplasmosis". The Journal of Infectious Diseases. 208 (9): 1520–1528. doi:10.1093/infdis/jit313. PMC 3789564. PMID 23878321.
Balouz, Virginia; Bracco, Leonel; Ricci, Alejandro D.; Romer, Guadalupe; Agüero, Fernán; Buscaglia, Carlos A. (March 2021). "Serological Approaches for Trypanosoma cruzi Strain Typing". Trends in Parasitology. 37 (3): 214–225. doi:10.1016/j.pt.2020.12.002. PMC 8900812. PMID 33436314.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Baron EJ (1996). Baron S; et al. (eds.). Classification. In: Baron's Medical Microbiology (4th ed.). Univ of Texas Medical Branch. ISBN 978-0-9631172-1-2. (via NCBI Bookshelf).
Lancefield RC (March 1933). "A Serological Differentiation of Human and Other Groups of Hemolytic Streptococci". The Journal of Experimental Medicine. 57 (4): 571–95. doi:10.1084/jem.57.4.571. PMC 2132252. PMID 19870148.
Habib, M; Porter, BD; Satzke, C (24 February 2014). "Capsular serotyping of Streptococcus pneumoniae using the Quellung reaction". Journal of Visualized Experiments (84): e51208. doi:10.3791/51208. PMC 4131683. PMID 24637727.
Luo Y, Huang C, Ye J, Octavia S, Wang H, Dunbar SA, et al. (2020-09-07). "Comparison of xMAP Salmonella Serotyping Assay With Traditional Serotyping and Discordance Resolution by Whole Genome Sequencing". Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology. 10: 452. doi:10.3389/fcimb.2020.00452. PMC 7504902. PMID 33014887. However, similar to all molecular assays, genotyping assay does not necessary correlate with phenotypic assay as genes may not be expressed.
Lacher, DW; Gangiredla, J; Jackson, SA; Elkins, CA; Feng, PC (August 2014). "Novel microarray design for molecular serotyping of shiga toxin- producing Escherichia coli strains isolated from fresh produce". Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 80 (15): 4677–4682. Bibcode:2014ApEnM..80.4677L. doi:10.1128/AEM.01049-14. PMC 4148803. PMID 24837388. Furthermore, the array identified the H types of 97% of the produce STEC strains compared to 65% by serology, including six strains that were mistyped by serology.
Ratiner, YA; Salmenlinna, S; Eklund, M; Keskimäki, M; Siitonen, A (March 2003). "Serology and genetics of the flagellar antigen of Escherichia coli O157:H7a,7c". Journal of Clinical Microbiology. 41 (3): 1033–40. doi:10.1128/JCM.41.3.1033-1040.2003. PMC 150270. PMID 12624026.
Arredondo-Alonso, Sergio; Blundell-Hunter, George; Fu, Zuyi; Gladstone, Rebecca A.; Fillol-Salom, Alfred; Loraine, Jessica; Cloutman-Green, Elaine; Johnsen, Pål J.; Samuelsen, Ørjan; Pöntinen, Anna K.; Cléon, François; Chavez-Bueno, Susana; De la Cruz, Miguel A.; Ares, Miguel A.; Vongsouvath, Manivanh; Chmielarczyk, Agnieszka; Horner, Carolyne; Klein, Nigel; McNally, Alan; Reis, Joice N.; Penadés, José R.; Thomson, Nicholas R.; Corander, Jukka; Taylor, Peter W.; McCarthy, Alex J. (15 June 2023). "Evolutionary and functional history of the Escherichia coli K1 capsule". Nature Communications. 14 (1): 3294. Bibcode:2023NatCo..14.3294A. doi:10.1038/s41467-023-39052-w. PMC 10272209. PMID 37322051.
Rai, AK; Mitchell, AM (11 August 2020). "Enterobacterial Common Antigen: Synthesis and Function of an Enigmatic Molecule". mBio. 11 (4). doi:10.1128/mBio.01914-20. PMC 7439462. PMID 32788387.
Liu, Bin; Furevi, Axel; Perepelov, Andrei V; Guo, Xi; Cao, Hengchun; Wang, Quan; Reeves, Peter R; Knirel, Yuriy A; Wang, Lei; Widmalm, Göran (24 November 2020). "Structure and genetics of Escherichia coli O antigens". FEMS Microbiology Reviews. 44 (6): 655–683. doi:10.1093/femsre/fuz028. PMC 7685785. PMID 31778182.
Wang L; Rothemund D; Reeves PR (May 2003). "Species-Wide Variation in the Escherichia coli Flagellin (H-Antigen) Gene". Journal of Bacteriology. 185 (9): 2396–2943. doi:10.1128/JB.185.9.2936-2943.2003. PMC 154406. PMID 12700273.
Kunduru, BR; Nair, SA; Rathinavelan, T (4 January 2016). "EK3D: an E. coli K antigen 3-dimensional structure database". Nucleic Acids Research. 44 (D1): D675-81. doi:10.1093/nar/gkv1313. PMC 4702918. PMID 26615200.
Gal-Mor O, Boyle EC, Grassl GA (2014). "Same species, different diseases: how and why typhoidal and non-typhoidal Salmonella enterica serovars differ". Frontiers in Microbiology. 5: 391. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2014.00391. PMC 4120697. PMID 25136336.
Wattiau P, Boland C, Bertrand S (November 2011). "Methodologies for Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica subtyping: gold standards and alternatives". Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 77 (22): 7877–85. Bibcode:2011ApEnM..77.7877W. doi:10.1128/AEM.05527-11. PMC 3209009. PMID 21856826.
Chulay, JD; Haynes, JD; Diggs, CL (1985). "Serotypes of Plasmodium falciparum defined by immune serum inhibition of in vitro growth". Bulletin of the World Health Organization. 63 (2): 317–23. PMC 2536403. PMID 3893775.
Cowan, Graeme J. M.; Creasey, Alison M.; Dhanasarnsombut, Kelwalin; Thomas, Alan W.; Remarque, Edmond J.; Cavanagh, David R. (26 October 2011). "A Malaria Vaccine Based on the Polymorphic Block 2 Region of MSP-1 that Elicits a Broad Serotype-Spanning Immune Response". PLOS ONE. 6 (10): e26616. Bibcode:2011PLoSO...626616C. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0026616. PMC 3202563. PMID 22073118.
Shobab, Leila; Pleyer, Uwe; Johnsen, Joerdis; Metzner, Sylvia; James, Erick R.; Torun, N.; Fay, Michael P.; Liesenfeld, Oliver; Grigg, Michael E. (1 November 2013). "Toxoplasma Serotype Is Associated With Development of Ocular Toxoplasmosis". The Journal of Infectious Diseases. 208 (9): 1520–1528. doi:10.1093/infdis/jit313. PMC 3789564. PMID 23878321.
Balouz, Virginia; Bracco, Leonel; Ricci, Alejandro D.; Romer, Guadalupe; Agüero, Fernán; Buscaglia, Carlos A. (March 2021). "Serological Approaches for Trypanosoma cruzi Strain Typing". Trends in Parasitology. 37 (3): 214–225. doi:10.1016/j.pt.2020.12.002. PMC 8900812. PMID 33436314.

thefreedictionary.com

medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com

"Serovar". The American Heritage Medical Dictionary. Houghton Mifflin Company. 2007.