Serotype (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Serotype" in English language version.

Last modified: 12:27:56, 23 September 2026 (UTC)

Ref.Un. Ref.Website

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4238nih.gov

5^th place

2321doi.org

2^nd place

54adsabs.harvard.edu

14^th place

9^th place

41web.archive.org

1^st place

41antimicrobialresistance.dk

low place

11thefreedictionary.com

1,251^st place

1,161^st place

11restoredcdc.org

low place

adsabs.harvard.edu (Global: 14^th place; English: 9^th place)

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Lacher, DW; Gangiredla, J; Jackson, SA; Elkins, CA; Feng, PC (August 2014). "Novel microarray design for molecular serotyping of shiga toxin- producing Escherichia coli strains isolated from fresh produce". Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 80 (15): 4677–4682. Bibcode:2014ApEnM..80.4677L. doi:10.1128/AEM.01049-14. PMC 4148803. PMID 24837388. Furthermore, the array identified the H types of 97% of the produce STEC strains compared to 65% by serology, including six strains that were mistyped by serology.
Arredondo-Alonso, Sergio; Blundell-Hunter, George; Fu, Zuyi; Gladstone, Rebecca A.; Fillol-Salom, Alfred; Loraine, Jessica; Cloutman-Green, Elaine; Johnsen, Pål J.; Samuelsen, Ørjan; Pöntinen, Anna K.; Cléon, François; Chavez-Bueno, Susana; De la Cruz, Miguel A.; Ares, Miguel A.; Vongsouvath, Manivanh; Chmielarczyk, Agnieszka; Horner, Carolyne; Klein, Nigel; McNally, Alan; Reis, Joice N.; Penadés, José R.; Thomson, Nicholas R.; Corander, Jukka; Taylor, Peter W.; McCarthy, Alex J. (15 June 2023). "Evolutionary and functional history of the Escherichia coli K1 capsule". Nature Communications. 14 (1): 3294. Bibcode:2023NatCo..14.3294A. doi:10.1038/s41467-023-39052-w. PMC 10272209. PMID 37322051.
Wattiau P, Boland C, Bertrand S (November 2011). "Methodologies for Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica subtyping: gold standards and alternatives". Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 77 (22): 7877–85. Bibcode:2011ApEnM..77.7877W. doi:10.1128/AEM.05527-11. PMC 3209009. PMID 21856826.
Cowan, Graeme J. M.; Creasey, Alison M.; Dhanasarnsombut, Kelwalin; Thomas, Alan W.; Remarque, Edmond J.; Cavanagh, David R. (26 October 2011). "A Malaria Vaccine Based on the Polymorphic Block 2 Region of MSP-1 that Elicits a Broad Serotype-Spanning Immune Response". PLOS ONE. 6 (10) e26616. Bibcode:2011PLoSO...626616C. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0026616. PMC 3202563. PMID 22073118.

antimicrobialresistance.dk (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Laboratory Protocol: "Serotyping of Shigella spp."" (PDF). WHO Global Foodborne Infections Network. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2024-01-09. Retrieved 2023-11-17.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Lancefield RC (March 1933). "A Serological Differentiation of Human and Other Groups of Hemolytic Streptococci". The Journal of Experimental Medicine. 57 (4): 571–95. doi:10.1084/jem.57.4.571. PMC 2132252. PMID 19870148.
Fussell H, Thomas M, Street J, Darke C (1996). "HLA-A9 antibodies and epitopes". Tissue Antigens. 47 (4): 307–12. doi:10.1111/j.1399-0039.1996.tb02558.x. PMID 8773320.
Habib, M; Porter, BD; Satzke, C (24 February 2014). "Capsular serotyping of Streptococcus pneumoniae using the Quellung reaction". Journal of Visualized Experiments (84) e51208. doi:10.3791/51208. PMC 4131683. PMID 24637727.
Kissmeyer-Nielsen, F. (1980). The Serology of HLA-A, -B, and -C. Clinical Immunobiology. Vol. 4. pp. 99–111. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-070004-2.50012-8. ISBN 978-0-12-070004-2.
Luo Y, Huang C, Ye J, Octavia S, Wang H, Dunbar SA, et al. (2020-09-07). "Comparison of xMAP Salmonella Serotyping Assay With Traditional Serotyping and Discordance Resolution by Whole Genome Sequencing". Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology. 10: 452. doi:10.3389/fcimb.2020.00452. PMC 7504902. PMID 33014887. However, similar to all molecular assays, genotyping assay does not necessary correlate with phenotypic assay as genes may not be expressed.
Lacher, DW; Gangiredla, J; Jackson, SA; Elkins, CA; Feng, PC (August 2014). "Novel microarray design for molecular serotyping of shiga toxin- producing Escherichia coli strains isolated from fresh produce". Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 80 (15): 4677–4682. Bibcode:2014ApEnM..80.4677L. doi:10.1128/AEM.01049-14. PMC 4148803. PMID 24837388. Furthermore, the array identified the H types of 97% of the produce STEC strains compared to 65% by serology, including six strains that were mistyped by serology.
Frohn C, Fricke L, Puchta JC, Kirchner H (February 2001). "The effect of HLA-C matching on acute renal transplant rejection". Nephrology, Dialysis, Transplantation. 16 (2): 355–60. doi:10.1093/ndt/16.2.355. PMID 11158412.
Wang, L; Wang, Q; Reeves, PR (2010). "The Variation of O Antigens in Gram-Negative Bacteria". Endotoxins: Structure, Function and Recognition. Subcellular Biochemistry. Vol. 53. pp. 123–52. doi:10.1007/978-90-481-9078-2_6. ISBN 978-90-481-9077-5. PMID 20593265.
Ratiner, YA; Salmenlinna, S; Eklund, M; Keskimäki, M; Siitonen, A (March 2003). "Serology and genetics of the flagellar antigen of Escherichia coli O157:H7a,7c". Journal of Clinical Microbiology. 41 (3): 1033–40. doi:10.1128/JCM.41.3.1033-1040.2003. PMC 150270. PMID 12624026.
Arredondo-Alonso, Sergio; Blundell-Hunter, George; Fu, Zuyi; Gladstone, Rebecca A.; Fillol-Salom, Alfred; Loraine, Jessica; Cloutman-Green, Elaine; Johnsen, Pål J.; Samuelsen, Ørjan; Pöntinen, Anna K.; Cléon, François; Chavez-Bueno, Susana; De la Cruz, Miguel A.; Ares, Miguel A.; Vongsouvath, Manivanh; Chmielarczyk, Agnieszka; Horner, Carolyne; Klein, Nigel; McNally, Alan; Reis, Joice N.; Penadés, José R.; Thomson, Nicholas R.; Corander, Jukka; Taylor, Peter W.; McCarthy, Alex J. (15 June 2023). "Evolutionary and functional history of the Escherichia coli K1 capsule". Nature Communications. 14 (1): 3294. Bibcode:2023NatCo..14.3294A. doi:10.1038/s41467-023-39052-w. PMC 10272209. PMID 37322051.
Rai, AK; Mitchell, AM (11 August 2020). "Enterobacterial Common Antigen: Synthesis and Function of an Enigmatic Molecule". mBio. 11 (4). doi:10.1128/mBio.01914-20. PMC 7439462. PMID 32788387.
Liu, Bin; Furevi, Axel; Perepelov, Andrei V; Guo, Xi; Cao, Hengchun; Wang, Quan; Reeves, Peter R; Knirel, Yuriy A; Wang, Lei; Widmalm, Göran (24 November 2020). "Structure and genetics of Escherichia coli O antigens". FEMS Microbiology Reviews. 44 (6): 655–683. doi:10.1093/femsre/fuz028. PMC 7685785. PMID 31778182.
Wang L; Rothemund D; Reeves PR (May 2003). "Species-Wide Variation in the Escherichia coli Flagellin (H-Antigen) Gene". Journal of Bacteriology. 185 (9): 2396–2943. doi:10.1128/JB.185.9.2936-2943.2003. PMC 154406. PMID 12700273.
Kunduru, BR; Nair, SA; Rathinavelan, T (4 January 2016). "EK3D: an E. coli K antigen 3-dimensional structure database". Nucleic Acids Research. 44 (D1): D675-81. doi:10.1093/nar/gkv1313. PMC 4702918. PMID 26615200.
Liu, Bin; Knirel, Yuriy A.; Feng, Lu; Perepelov, Andrei V.; Senchenkova, Sof'ya N.; Wang, Quan; Reeves, Peter R.; Wang, Lei (July 2008). "Structure and genetics of Shigella O antigens". FEMS Microbiology Reviews. 32 (4): 627–653. doi:10.1111/j.1574-6976.2008.00114.x. PMID 18422615.
Gal-Mor O, Boyle EC, Grassl GA (2014). "Same species, different diseases: how and why typhoidal and non-typhoidal Salmonella enterica serovars differ". Frontiers in Microbiology. 5: 391. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2014.00391. PMC 4120697. PMID 25136336.
Wattiau P, Boland C, Bertrand S (November 2011). "Methodologies for Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica subtyping: gold standards and alternatives". Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 77 (22): 7877–85. Bibcode:2011ApEnM..77.7877W. doi:10.1128/AEM.05527-11. PMC 3209009. PMID 21856826.
Yother, J (2011). "Capsules of Streptococcus pneumoniae and other bacteria: paradigms for polysaccharide biosynthesis and regulation". Annual Review of Microbiology. 65: 563–81. doi:10.1146/annurev.micro.62.081307.162944. PMID 21721938.
Cowan, Graeme J. M.; Creasey, Alison M.; Dhanasarnsombut, Kelwalin; Thomas, Alan W.; Remarque, Edmond J.; Cavanagh, David R. (26 October 2011). "A Malaria Vaccine Based on the Polymorphic Block 2 Region of MSP-1 that Elicits a Broad Serotype-Spanning Immune Response". PLOS ONE. 6 (10) e26616. Bibcode:2011PLoSO...626616C. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0026616. PMC 3202563. PMID 22073118.
Shobab, Leila; Pleyer, Uwe; Johnsen, Joerdis; Metzner, Sylvia; James, Erick R.; Torun, N.; Fay, Michael P.; Liesenfeld, Oliver; Grigg, Michael E. (1 November 2013). "Toxoplasma Serotype Is Associated With Development of Ocular Toxoplasmosis". The Journal of Infectious Diseases. 208 (9): 1520–1528. doi:10.1093/infdis/jit313. PMC 3789564. PMID 23878321.
Balouz, Virginia; Bracco, Leonel; Ricci, Alejandro D.; Romer, Guadalupe; Agüero, Fernán; Buscaglia, Carlos A. (March 2021). "Serological Approaches for Trypanosoma cruzi Strain Typing". Trends in Parasitology. 37 (3): 214–225. doi:10.1016/j.pt.2020.12.002. PMC 8900812. PMID 33436314.

nih.gov (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Lancefield RC (March 1933). "A Serological Differentiation of Human and Other Groups of Hemolytic Streptococci". The Journal of Experimental Medicine. 57 (4): 571–95. doi:10.1084/jem.57.4.571. PMC 2132252. PMID 19870148.
Fussell H, Thomas M, Street J, Darke C (1996). "HLA-A9 antibodies and epitopes". Tissue Antigens. 47 (4): 307–12. doi:10.1111/j.1399-0039.1996.tb02558.x. PMID 8773320.
Habib, M; Porter, BD; Satzke, C (24 February 2014). "Capsular serotyping of Streptococcus pneumoniae using the Quellung reaction". Journal of Visualized Experiments (84) e51208. doi:10.3791/51208. PMC 4131683. PMID 24637727.
Luo Y, Huang C, Ye J, Octavia S, Wang H, Dunbar SA, et al. (2020-09-07). "Comparison of xMAP Salmonella Serotyping Assay With Traditional Serotyping and Discordance Resolution by Whole Genome Sequencing". Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology. 10: 452. doi:10.3389/fcimb.2020.00452. PMC 7504902. PMID 33014887. However, similar to all molecular assays, genotyping assay does not necessary correlate with phenotypic assay as genes may not be expressed.
Lacher, DW; Gangiredla, J; Jackson, SA; Elkins, CA; Feng, PC (August 2014). "Novel microarray design for molecular serotyping of shiga toxin- producing Escherichia coli strains isolated from fresh produce". Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 80 (15): 4677–4682. Bibcode:2014ApEnM..80.4677L. doi:10.1128/AEM.01049-14. PMC 4148803. PMID 24837388. Furthermore, the array identified the H types of 97% of the produce STEC strains compared to 65% by serology, including six strains that were mistyped by serology.
Frohn C, Fricke L, Puchta JC, Kirchner H (February 2001). "The effect of HLA-C matching on acute renal transplant rejection". Nephrology, Dialysis, Transplantation. 16 (2): 355–60. doi:10.1093/ndt/16.2.355. PMID 11158412.
Wang, L; Wang, Q; Reeves, PR (2010). "The Variation of O Antigens in Gram-Negative Bacteria". Endotoxins: Structure, Function and Recognition. Subcellular Biochemistry. Vol. 53. pp. 123–52. doi:10.1007/978-90-481-9078-2_6. ISBN 978-90-481-9077-5. PMID 20593265.
Ratiner, YA; Salmenlinna, S; Eklund, M; Keskimäki, M; Siitonen, A (March 2003). "Serology and genetics of the flagellar antigen of Escherichia coli O157:H7a,7c". Journal of Clinical Microbiology. 41 (3): 1033–40. doi:10.1128/JCM.41.3.1033-1040.2003. PMC 150270. PMID 12624026.
Arredondo-Alonso, Sergio; Blundell-Hunter, George; Fu, Zuyi; Gladstone, Rebecca A.; Fillol-Salom, Alfred; Loraine, Jessica; Cloutman-Green, Elaine; Johnsen, Pål J.; Samuelsen, Ørjan; Pöntinen, Anna K.; Cléon, François; Chavez-Bueno, Susana; De la Cruz, Miguel A.; Ares, Miguel A.; Vongsouvath, Manivanh; Chmielarczyk, Agnieszka; Horner, Carolyne; Klein, Nigel; McNally, Alan; Reis, Joice N.; Penadés, José R.; Thomson, Nicholas R.; Corander, Jukka; Taylor, Peter W.; McCarthy, Alex J. (15 June 2023). "Evolutionary and functional history of the Escherichia coli K1 capsule". Nature Communications. 14 (1): 3294. Bibcode:2023NatCo..14.3294A. doi:10.1038/s41467-023-39052-w. PMC 10272209. PMID 37322051.
Rai, AK; Mitchell, AM (11 August 2020). "Enterobacterial Common Antigen: Synthesis and Function of an Enigmatic Molecule". mBio. 11 (4). doi:10.1128/mBio.01914-20. PMC 7439462. PMID 32788387.
Liu, Bin; Furevi, Axel; Perepelov, Andrei V; Guo, Xi; Cao, Hengchun; Wang, Quan; Reeves, Peter R; Knirel, Yuriy A; Wang, Lei; Widmalm, Göran (24 November 2020). "Structure and genetics of Escherichia coli O antigens". FEMS Microbiology Reviews. 44 (6): 655–683. doi:10.1093/femsre/fuz028. PMC 7685785. PMID 31778182.
Wang L; Rothemund D; Reeves PR (May 2003). "Species-Wide Variation in the Escherichia coli Flagellin (H-Antigen) Gene". Journal of Bacteriology. 185 (9): 2396–2943. doi:10.1128/JB.185.9.2936-2943.2003. PMC 154406. PMID 12700273.
Kunduru, BR; Nair, SA; Rathinavelan, T (4 January 2016). "EK3D: an E. coli K antigen 3-dimensional structure database". Nucleic Acids Research. 44 (D1): D675-81. doi:10.1093/nar/gkv1313. PMC 4702918. PMID 26615200.
Liu, Bin; Knirel, Yuriy A.; Feng, Lu; Perepelov, Andrei V.; Senchenkova, Sof'ya N.; Wang, Quan; Reeves, Peter R.; Wang, Lei (July 2008). "Structure and genetics of Shigella O antigens". FEMS Microbiology Reviews. 32 (4): 627–653. doi:10.1111/j.1574-6976.2008.00114.x. PMID 18422615.
Gal-Mor O, Boyle EC, Grassl GA (2014). "Same species, different diseases: how and why typhoidal and non-typhoidal Salmonella enterica serovars differ". Frontiers in Microbiology. 5: 391. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2014.00391. PMC 4120697. PMID 25136336.
Wattiau P, Boland C, Bertrand S (November 2011). "Methodologies for Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica subtyping: gold standards and alternatives". Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 77 (22): 7877–85. Bibcode:2011ApEnM..77.7877W. doi:10.1128/AEM.05527-11. PMC 3209009. PMID 21856826.
Yother, J (2011). "Capsules of Streptococcus pneumoniae and other bacteria: paradigms for polysaccharide biosynthesis and regulation". Annual Review of Microbiology. 65: 563–81. doi:10.1146/annurev.micro.62.081307.162944. PMID 21721938.
Chulay, JD; Haynes, JD; Diggs, CL (1985). "Serotypes of Plasmodium falciparum defined by immune serum inhibition of in vitro growth". Bulletin of the World Health Organization. 63 (2): 317–23. PMC 2536403. PMID 3893775.
Cowan, Graeme J. M.; Creasey, Alison M.; Dhanasarnsombut, Kelwalin; Thomas, Alan W.; Remarque, Edmond J.; Cavanagh, David R. (26 October 2011). "A Malaria Vaccine Based on the Polymorphic Block 2 Region of MSP-1 that Elicits a Broad Serotype-Spanning Immune Response". PLOS ONE. 6 (10) e26616. Bibcode:2011PLoSO...626616C. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0026616. PMC 3202563. PMID 22073118.
Shobab, Leila; Pleyer, Uwe; Johnsen, Joerdis; Metzner, Sylvia; James, Erick R.; Torun, N.; Fay, Michael P.; Liesenfeld, Oliver; Grigg, Michael E. (1 November 2013). "Toxoplasma Serotype Is Associated With Development of Ocular Toxoplasmosis". The Journal of Infectious Diseases. 208 (9): 1520–1528. doi:10.1093/infdis/jit313. PMC 3789564. PMID 23878321.
Balouz, Virginia; Bracco, Leonel; Ricci, Alejandro D.; Romer, Guadalupe; Agüero, Fernán; Buscaglia, Carlos A. (March 2021). "Serological Approaches for Trypanosoma cruzi Strain Typing". Trends in Parasitology. 37 (3): 214–225. doi:10.1016/j.pt.2020.12.002. PMC 8900812. PMID 33436314.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Baron EJ (1996). Baron S; et al. (eds.). Classification. In: Baron's Medical Microbiology (4th ed.). Univ of Texas Medical Branch. ISBN 978-0-9631172-1-2. (via NCBI Bookshelf).
Lancefield RC (March 1933). "A Serological Differentiation of Human and Other Groups of Hemolytic Streptococci". The Journal of Experimental Medicine. 57 (4): 571–95. doi:10.1084/jem.57.4.571. PMC 2132252. PMID 19870148.
Habib, M; Porter, BD; Satzke, C (24 February 2014). "Capsular serotyping of Streptococcus pneumoniae using the Quellung reaction". Journal of Visualized Experiments (84) e51208. doi:10.3791/51208. PMC 4131683. PMID 24637727.
Luo Y, Huang C, Ye J, Octavia S, Wang H, Dunbar SA, et al. (2020-09-07). "Comparison of xMAP Salmonella Serotyping Assay With Traditional Serotyping and Discordance Resolution by Whole Genome Sequencing". Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology. 10: 452. doi:10.3389/fcimb.2020.00452. PMC 7504902. PMID 33014887. However, similar to all molecular assays, genotyping assay does not necessary correlate with phenotypic assay as genes may not be expressed.
Lacher, DW; Gangiredla, J; Jackson, SA; Elkins, CA; Feng, PC (August 2014). "Novel microarray design for molecular serotyping of shiga toxin- producing Escherichia coli strains isolated from fresh produce". Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 80 (15): 4677–4682. Bibcode:2014ApEnM..80.4677L. doi:10.1128/AEM.01049-14. PMC 4148803. PMID 24837388. Furthermore, the array identified the H types of 97% of the produce STEC strains compared to 65% by serology, including six strains that were mistyped by serology.
Ratiner, YA; Salmenlinna, S; Eklund, M; Keskimäki, M; Siitonen, A (March 2003). "Serology and genetics of the flagellar antigen of Escherichia coli O157:H7a,7c". Journal of Clinical Microbiology. 41 (3): 1033–40. doi:10.1128/JCM.41.3.1033-1040.2003. PMC 150270. PMID 12624026.
Arredondo-Alonso, Sergio; Blundell-Hunter, George; Fu, Zuyi; Gladstone, Rebecca A.; Fillol-Salom, Alfred; Loraine, Jessica; Cloutman-Green, Elaine; Johnsen, Pål J.; Samuelsen, Ørjan; Pöntinen, Anna K.; Cléon, François; Chavez-Bueno, Susana; De la Cruz, Miguel A.; Ares, Miguel A.; Vongsouvath, Manivanh; Chmielarczyk, Agnieszka; Horner, Carolyne; Klein, Nigel; McNally, Alan; Reis, Joice N.; Penadés, José R.; Thomson, Nicholas R.; Corander, Jukka; Taylor, Peter W.; McCarthy, Alex J. (15 June 2023). "Evolutionary and functional history of the Escherichia coli K1 capsule". Nature Communications. 14 (1): 3294. Bibcode:2023NatCo..14.3294A. doi:10.1038/s41467-023-39052-w. PMC 10272209. PMID 37322051.
Rai, AK; Mitchell, AM (11 August 2020). "Enterobacterial Common Antigen: Synthesis and Function of an Enigmatic Molecule". mBio. 11 (4). doi:10.1128/mBio.01914-20. PMC 7439462. PMID 32788387.
Liu, Bin; Furevi, Axel; Perepelov, Andrei V; Guo, Xi; Cao, Hengchun; Wang, Quan; Reeves, Peter R; Knirel, Yuriy A; Wang, Lei; Widmalm, Göran (24 November 2020). "Structure and genetics of Escherichia coli O antigens". FEMS Microbiology Reviews. 44 (6): 655–683. doi:10.1093/femsre/fuz028. PMC 7685785. PMID 31778182.
Wang L; Rothemund D; Reeves PR (May 2003). "Species-Wide Variation in the Escherichia coli Flagellin (H-Antigen) Gene". Journal of Bacteriology. 185 (9): 2396–2943. doi:10.1128/JB.185.9.2936-2943.2003. PMC 154406. PMID 12700273.
Kunduru, BR; Nair, SA; Rathinavelan, T (4 January 2016). "EK3D: an E. coli K antigen 3-dimensional structure database". Nucleic Acids Research. 44 (D1): D675-81. doi:10.1093/nar/gkv1313. PMC 4702918. PMID 26615200.
Gal-Mor O, Boyle EC, Grassl GA (2014). "Same species, different diseases: how and why typhoidal and non-typhoidal Salmonella enterica serovars differ". Frontiers in Microbiology. 5: 391. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2014.00391. PMC 4120697. PMID 25136336.
Wattiau P, Boland C, Bertrand S (November 2011). "Methodologies for Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica subtyping: gold standards and alternatives". Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 77 (22): 7877–85. Bibcode:2011ApEnM..77.7877W. doi:10.1128/AEM.05527-11. PMC 3209009. PMID 21856826.
Chulay, JD; Haynes, JD; Diggs, CL (1985). "Serotypes of Plasmodium falciparum defined by immune serum inhibition of in vitro growth". Bulletin of the World Health Organization. 63 (2): 317–23. PMC 2536403. PMID 3893775.
Cowan, Graeme J. M.; Creasey, Alison M.; Dhanasarnsombut, Kelwalin; Thomas, Alan W.; Remarque, Edmond J.; Cavanagh, David R. (26 October 2011). "A Malaria Vaccine Based on the Polymorphic Block 2 Region of MSP-1 that Elicits a Broad Serotype-Spanning Immune Response". PLOS ONE. 6 (10) e26616. Bibcode:2011PLoSO...626616C. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0026616. PMC 3202563. PMID 22073118.
Shobab, Leila; Pleyer, Uwe; Johnsen, Joerdis; Metzner, Sylvia; James, Erick R.; Torun, N.; Fay, Michael P.; Liesenfeld, Oliver; Grigg, Michael E. (1 November 2013). "Toxoplasma Serotype Is Associated With Development of Ocular Toxoplasmosis". The Journal of Infectious Diseases. 208 (9): 1520–1528. doi:10.1093/infdis/jit313. PMC 3789564. PMID 23878321.
Balouz, Virginia; Bracco, Leonel; Ricci, Alejandro D.; Romer, Guadalupe; Agüero, Fernán; Buscaglia, Carlos A. (March 2021). "Serological Approaches for Trypanosoma cruzi Strain Typing". Trends in Parasitology. 37 (3): 214–225. doi:10.1016/j.pt.2020.12.002. PMC 8900812. PMID 33436314.

restoredcdc.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Serotypes and the Importance of Serotyping Salmonella". CDC Restored. Retrieved 23 September 2026.

thefreedictionary.com (Global: 1,251^st place; English: 1,161^st place)

medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com

"Serovar". The American Heritage Medical Dictionary. Houghton Mifflin Company. 2007.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

"Laboratory Protocol: "Serotyping of Shigella spp."" (PDF). WHO Global Foodborne Infections Network. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2024-01-09. Retrieved 2023-11-17.