Sexual slavery (English Wikipedia)

Zimmerman, Kip D.; Schurr, Theodore G.; Chen, Wei-Min; Nayak, Uma; Mychaleckyj, Josyf C.; Quet, Queen; Moultrie, Lee H.; Divers, Jasmin; Keene, Keith L.; Kamen, Diane L.; Gilkeson, Gary S.; Hunt, Kelly J.; Spruill, Ida J.; Fernandes, Jyotika K.; Aldrich, Melinda C.; Reich, David; Garvey, W. Timothy; Langefeld, Carl D.; Sale, Michèle M.; Ramos, Paula S. (August 2021). "Genetic landscape of Gullah African Americans". American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 175 (4): 905–919. Bibcode:2021AJPA..175..905Z. doi:10.1002/ajpa.24333. ISSN 0002-9483. PMC 8286328. PMID 34008864. "The decrease in European ancestry on the X-chromosome might imply a simultaneous European male bias and African female bias, which is consistent with increased frequency of sexual interactions between European males and African females, including rape and/or coerced sexual interactions (Kennedy, 2003; Lind et al., 2007)."

aljazeera.com (Global: 165^th place; English: 119^th place)

Odhiambo, Agnes & Barr, Heather. (2 Aug 2019). "Opinion:Trafficking survivors are being failed the world over." Al Jazeera website Retrieved 4 August 2019.

amnesty.org (Global: 1,084^th place; English: 851^st place)

"Amnesty International publishes policy and research on protection of sex workers' rights". Amnesty International. 26 May 2016. Retrieved 2 October 2021.
"Bosnia and Herzegovina : Foca verdict – rape and sexual enslavement are crimes against humanity". Amnesty International. 22 February 2001.
"Sudan". 18 July 2004. Retrieved 8 November 2007.

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

Christiane Sanderson (2004). The Seduction of Children: Empowering Parents and Teachers to Protect Children from Child Sexual Abuse. Jessica Kingsley Publishers. p. 53. ISBN 978-1846420603. Retrieved 28 October 2017.
Yaman Akdeniz (2008). Internet child pornography and the law: national and international responses. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. p. 11. ISBN 978-0-7546-2297-0.
Kerry Sheldon; Dennis Howitt (2007). Sex Offenders and the Internet. John Wiley and Sons. p. 20. ISBN 978-0-470-02800-1. 'Child pornography is not pornography in any real sense; simply the evidence recorded on film or video tape – of serious sexual assaults on young children' (Tate, 1992, p.203) ... 'Every piece of child pornography, therefore, is a record of the sexual use/abuse of the children involved.' Kelly and Scott (1993, p. 116) ... '...the record of the systematic rape, abuse, and torture of children on film and photograph, and other electronic means.' Edwards(2000, p.1)
Kerry Sheldon; Dennis Howitt (2007). Sex Offenders and the Internet. John Wiley and Sons. p. 9. ISBN 978-0-470-02800-1. ...supplying the material to meet this demand results in the further abuse of children Pictures, films and videos function as a permanent record of the original sexual abuse. Consequently, memories of the trauma and abuse are maintained as long as the record exists. Victims filmed and photographed many years ago will nevertheless be aware throughout their lifetimes that their childhood victimization continues to be exploited perversely.
Sharron, Derek (2005). My Name Lon - You Like Me? (3rd 2005 ed.). Bangkok, Thailand: Bangkok Book House. pp. 61...62. ISBN 978-974-92721-5-2.

asiapacificms.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Bertil Lintner (3 February 1996). "The Russian Mafia in Asia - Asia Pacific Media Service". Asiapacificms.com. Archived from the original on 12 September 2013. Retrieved 2 December 2013.

bbc.co.uk (Global: 11^th place; English: 10^th place)

news.bbc.co.uk

"UN highlights human trafficking". BBC News. 26 March 2007. Archived from the original on 26 March 2011. Retrieved 6 April 2010.
"Abe questions sex slave 'coercion'". BBC News. 2 March 2007. Archived from the original on 12 March 2007. Retrieved 23 March 2007.
"Japan party probes sex slave use". BBC News. 8 March 2007. Archived from the original on 12 March 2007. Retrieved 23 March 2007.
"Africa | Liberia's Taylor appears in court". BBC News. 3 July 2007. Archived from the original on 7 March 2014. Retrieved 8 July 2012.
Andersson, Hilary. (11 February 2005) Programmes | From Our Own Correspondent | Born to be a slave in Niger . BBC News. Retrieved 2011-03-08.
"Africa | Mauritanian MPs pass slavery law". BBC News. 9 August 2007. Archived from the original on 6 January 2010. Retrieved 8 July 2012.
Ghana's trapped slaves, By Humphrey Hawksley in eastern Ghana, 8 February 2001. BBC News
"BBC report on number of female sex workers in India". BBC News. 1 May 2008. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 8 July 2012.
Upasana Bhat (3 July 2006). "Prostitution 'increases' in India". BBC News. Archived from the original on 9 September 2009. Retrieved 8 July 2012.

bbc.co.uk

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"Religions – Islam: Slavery in Islam". BBC. Archived from the original on 21 May 2009. Retrieved 8 July 2012.
"Islam and slavery: Sexual slavery". BBC. Retrieved 30 April 2014.
"BBC - Religions - Islam: Slavery in Islam". www.bbc.co.uk. Retrieved 11 April 2020.

bbc.com (Global: 26^th place; English: 23^rd place)

"North Korean women 'forced into sex slavery' in China - report". BBC News. 20 May 2019.
"North Korean women 'forced into sex slavery' in China – report". BBC News. 20 May 2019.
Staff (6 February 2019). "Pope admits clerical abuse of nuns including sexual slavery". BBC News. Archived from the original on 8 February 2019. Retrieved 9 February 2019.

bettercarenetwork.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

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Flowers, R. Barri (2011). Prostitution in the Digital Age: Selling Sex from the Suite to the Street: Selling Sex from the Suite to the Street. ABC-CLIO. p. 34. ISBN 978-0313384615. Retrieved 28 October 2017.
Territo, Leonard; Kirkham, George (2010). International Sex Trafficking of Women & Children: Understanding the Global Epidemic. Looseleaf Law Publications. p. 435. ISBN 978-1932777864. Retrieved 28 October 2017.
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James Francis Warren (2003). Ah Ku and Karayuki-san: Prostitution in Singapore, 1870–1940. Singapore Series, Singapore: studies in society & history. NUS Press. p. 86. ISBN 978-9971692674.
James Francis Warren (2003). Ah Ku and Karayuki-san: Prostitution in Singapore, 1870–1940. NUS Press. pp. 87–. ISBN 978-9971-69-267-4.
"日本侵華硏究". Journal of Studies of Japanese Aggression Against China (5–8). 日本侵華研究學會: 64. 1991.
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Tomoko Yamazaki (1985). The story of Yamada Waka: from prostitute to feminist pioneer. Kodansha International. ISBN 978-0870117336.
Giving a Voice to the Voiceless: The Significance of Yamazaki Tomoko's Use of Oral History in "Sandakan Hachiban Shōkan". University of Sheffield, School of East Asian Studies. 1995.
Tomoko Yamazaki (2005). Yukiko Sumoto-Schwan; Friedrich B. Schwan (eds.). Sandakan Bordell Nr. 8: Ein verdrängtes Kapitel japanischer Frauengeschichte. Translated by Yukiko Sumoto-Schwan, Friedrich B. Schwan. Iudicium Verlag. ISBN 978-3891294062.
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James Francis Warren (2003). Ah Ku and Karayuki-san: Prostitution in Singapore, 1870–1940. Singapore Series, Singapore: studies in society & history (illustrated ed.). NUS Press. p. 223. ISBN 9789971692674.
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Gwyn Campbell; Elizabeth Elbourne, eds. (2014). Sex, Power, and Slavery. Ohio University Press. p. 223. ISBN 978-0821444900.
Ameyuki San no uta. Bungei Shunjû. 1978.
James Francis Warren (2003). Ah Ku and Karayuki-san: Prostitution in Singapore, 1870–1940. Singapore Series, Singapore: studies in society & history. NUS Press. p. 83. ISBN 978-9971692674.
Tomoko Yamazaki; Karen F. Colligan-Taylor (2015). Sandakan Brothel No. 8: Journey into the History of Lower-class Japanese Women. Translated by Karen F. Colligan-Taylor. Routledge. p. xxiv. ISBN 978-1317460251.
Tomoko Yamazaki; Karen F. Colligan-Taylor (2015). Sandakan Brothel No. 8: Journey into the History of Lower-class Japanese Women. Translated by Karen F. Colligan-Taylor. Routledge. p. 8. ISBN 978-1317460251.
Tomoko Yamazaki; Karen F. Colligan-Taylor (2015). Sandakan Brothel No. 8: Journey into the History of Lower-class Japanese Women: Journey into the History of Lower-class Japanese Women. Routledge. ISBN 978-1317460244.
Tomoko Yamazaki; Karen F. Colligan-Taylor (2015). Sandakan Brothel No. 8: Journey into the History of Lower-class Japanese Women. Translated by Karen F. Colligan-Taylor. Routledge. p. 63. ISBN 978-1317460251.
Tomoko Yamazaki; Karen F. Colligan-Taylor (2015). Sandakan Brothel No. 8: Journey into the History of Lower-class Japanese Women. Translated by Karen F. Colligan-Taylor. Routledge. p. 67. ISBN 978-1317460251.
Powell, Avril A. (12 October 2006). "Indian Muslim modernists and the issue of slavery in Islam". In Eaton, Richard M. (ed.). Slavery and South Asian History. Indiana University Press. pp. 277–278. ISBN 0-253-11671-6.
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Jutta Sperling, Shona Kelly Wray, Gender, Property, and Law in Jewish, Christian, and Muslim Communities in p. 256
Miers, Suzanne (2003). Slavery in the Twentieth Century: The Evolution of a Global Problem. Rowman Altamira. ISBN 978-0-7591-0340-5.
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Feinstein, Rachel A. (3 September 2018). When Rape was Legal: The Untold History of Sexual Violence during Slavery. Routledge. ISBN 9781351809184.
Munro, Martin; Britton, Celia (25 May 2012). American Creoles: The Francophone Caribbean and the American South. Liverpool University Press. p. 58. ISBN 978-1-78138-609-5. "In other cases, however, the children born of such relationships were given their freedom by their white father. These children, especially the boys, might even have been sent to France for a formal education."
Elizabeth Wheeler Andrew; Katharine Caroline Bushnell (2006). Heathen Slaves and Christian Rulers. Echo Library. p. 13. ISBN 978-1-4068-0431-7. or among Chinese residents as their concubines, or to be sold for export to Singapore, San Francisco, or Australia.
Caroline Rose (31 August 2004). Sino-Japanese Relations: Facing the Past, Looking to the Future?. Taylor & Francis. p. 88. ISBN 9780203644317.
Soh, 347 Soh, Sarah (2009). The Comfort Women: Sexual Violence and Postcolonial Memory in Korea and Japan. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0226767772.
Soh, 215 Soh, Sarah (2009). The Comfort Women: Sexual Violence and Postcolonial Memory in Korea and Japan. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0226767772.
Soh, 216 Soh, Sarah (2009). The Comfort Women: Sexual Violence and Postcolonial Memory in Korea and Japan. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0226767772.

brill.com (Global: 814^th place; English: 460^th place)

Myrne, Pernilla (6 June 2019). "Slaves for Pleasure in Arabic Sex and Slave Purchase Manuals from the Tenth to the Twelfth Centuries". Journal of Global Slavery. 4 (2): 196–225. doi:10.1163/2405836X-00402004. ISSN 2405-8351.

cambridge.org (Global: 209^th place; English: 151^st place)

Argit, Betül Ipsirli (31 October 2020). Life after the Harem: Female Palace Slaves, Patronage and the Imperial Ottoman Court (1 ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 38–77. doi:10.1017/9781108770316.002. ISBN 978-1-108-77031-6.

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"Comfort Women Were Raped". U.S. Ambassador to Japan. English.chosun.com. Archived from the original on 24 March 2009.

christianpost.com (Global: 2,534^th place; English: 1,460^th place)

Samuel Smith, "UN Report on ISIS: 24,000 Killed, Injured by Islamic State; Children Used as Soldiers, Women Sold as Sex Slaves" Archived 17 October 2014 at the Wayback Machine, The Christian Post, 9 October 2014.
Smith, Samuel (25 September 2014). "International Coalition of Muslim Scholars Refute ISIS' Religious Arguments in Open Letter to al-Baghdadi". The Christian Post. Retrieved 18 October 2014.

christiantoday.com (Global: 8,588^th place; English: 5,247^th place)

Carey Lodge (15 December 2014), "Islamic State issues abhorrent sex slavery guidelines about how to treat women," Archived 16 December 2014 at the Wayback Machine,Christianity Today

cnn.com (Global: 36^th place; English: 26^th place)

"Official: More than 1M child prostitutes in India". CNN. 11 May 2009. Archived from the original on 29 March 2010. Retrieved 6 April 2010.
"Cyber-sex trafficking: A 21st century scourge". CNN. 18 July 2013.
"Cyber-sex trafficking: A 21st century scourge". CNN. 18 July 2013.
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Salma Abdelaziz, "ISIS states its justification for the enslavement of women," Archived 21 June 2017 at the Wayback Machine CNN, 13 October 2014
Greg Botelho (13 December 2014), "ISIS: Enslaving, having sex with 'unbelieving' women, girls is OK," Archived 16 December 2014 at the Wayback Machine CNN

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Bates, Christopher G; Ciment, James (2013). "Sex Tourism and the Sex Trade". Global Social Issues: An Encyclopedia. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-7656-8292-5. Archived from the original on 18 October 2021. Retrieved 2 September 2020.

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Dhaka Tribune Adil Sakhawat Published at 01:20 AM 13 January 2017 Archived 10 August 2017 at the Wayback Machine

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doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Chapkis, Wendy (2016). "Sexual Slavery". The Wiley Blackwell Encyclopedia of Gender and Sexuality Studies. pp. 1–3. doi:10.1002/9781118663219.wbegss640. ISBN 9781118663219.
Bilyeu, Amy Small (2 January 1999). "Trokosi - The Practice of Sexual Slavery in Ghana: Religious and Cultural Freedom vs. Human Rights". Indiana International & Comparative Law Review. 9 (2): 457–504. doi:10.18060/17469. ISSN 2169-3226.
Lemke, Melinda Anne (2015). Politics, policy, and normative state culture: Texas trafficking policy and education as a medium for social change. Dissertation (Thesis). p. 2. doi:10.15781/T2HS79 (inactive 22 November 2025) – via University of Texas Libraries.{{cite thesis}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2025 (link)
Willis, Brian M.; Levy, Barry S. (20 April 2002). "Child prostitution: global health burden, research needs, and interventions". Lancet. 359 (9315): 1417–22. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(02)08355-1. PMID 11978356. S2CID 10141488.
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Malamuth, Neil M. (2018). ""Adding fuel to the fire"? Does exposure to non-consenting adult or to child pornography increase risk of sexual aggression?". Aggression and Violent Behavior. 41: 74–89. doi:10.1016/j.avb.2018.02.013. S2CID 149279109.
Brian Stross (1974). "Tzeltal Marriage by Capture". Anthropological Quarterly. 47 (3): 328–346. doi:10.2307/3316984. JSTOR 3316984.
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Myrne, Pernilla (6 June 2019). "Slaves for Pleasure in Arabic Sex and Slave Purchase Manuals from the Tenth to the Twelfth Centuries". Journal of Global Slavery. 4 (2): 196–225. doi:10.1163/2405836X-00402004. ISSN 2405-8351.
Rodríguez García, Magaly; Gillis, Kristien (September 2018). "Morality Politics and Prostitution Policy in Brussels: A Diachronic Comparison". Sexuality Research and Social Policy. 15 (3): 259–270. doi:10.1007/s13178-017-0298-5. ISSN 1868-9884.
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Baptist, Edward (2001). "Cuffy, Fancy Maids, and One-Eyed Men: Rape, Commodification, and the Domestic Slave Trade in the United States". The American Historical Review. 106 (5): 1619–1650. doi:10.2307/2692741. JSTOR 2692741. Archived from the original on 22 March 2023. Retrieved 19 September 2022.
Graves, Joseph L. (October 2015). "Why the Nonexistence of Biological Races Does Not Mean the Nonexistence of Racism". American Behavioral Scientist. 59 (11): 1474–1495. doi:10.1177/0002764215588810. ISSN 0002-7642. S2CID 145637704. "The European ancestry of these slaves resulted primarily from the forcible rape of African women by their European masters and overseers. This is evidenced by the fact that African Americans contain mitochondrial DNA lineages that are predominantly sub-Saharan African, yet have many European Y chromosome lineages (Battaggia et al., 2012; Gonçalves, Prosdocimi, Santos, Ortega, & Pena, 2007)."
Zimmerman, Kip D.; Schurr, Theodore G.; Chen, Wei-Min; Nayak, Uma; Mychaleckyj, Josyf C.; Quet, Queen; Moultrie, Lee H.; Divers, Jasmin; Keene, Keith L.; Kamen, Diane L.; Gilkeson, Gary S.; Hunt, Kelly J.; Spruill, Ida J.; Fernandes, Jyotika K.; Aldrich, Melinda C.; Reich, David; Garvey, W. Timothy; Langefeld, Carl D.; Sale, Michèle M.; Ramos, Paula S. (August 2021). "Genetic landscape of Gullah African Americans". American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 175 (4): 905–919. Bibcode:2021AJPA..175..905Z. doi:10.1002/ajpa.24333. ISSN 0002-9483. PMC 8286328. PMID 34008864. "The decrease in European ancestry on the X-chromosome might imply a simultaneous European male bias and African female bias, which is consistent with increased frequency of sexual interactions between European males and African females, including rape and/or coerced sexual interactions (Kennedy, 2003; Lind et al., 2007)."
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Malamuth, Neil M. (2018). ""Adding fuel to the fire"? Does exposure to non-consenting adult or to child pornography increase risk of sexual aggression?". Aggression and Violent Behavior. 41: 74–89. doi:10.1016/j.avb.2018.02.013. S2CID 149279109.

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However the elements of the crime of sexual enslavement are described in more detail in a separate document originating from Article 9 of the Rome Statute: "General introduction 1. Pursuant to article 9 [of the Rome Statute], the following Elements of Crimes shall assist the Court in the interpretation and application of articles 6, 7 and 8, consistent with the Statute" (Article 1 of the Elements of the Crime). They are found in a paragraphs entitled "Article 7 (1) (g)-2 Crime against humanity of sexual slavery"; "Article 8 (2) (b) (xxii)-2 War crime of sexual slavery"; and "Article 8 (2) (e) (vi)-2 War crime of sexual slavery". The same wording is used in all three paragraphs ("Article 7 (1) (g)-2 Crime against humanity of sexual slavery", Elements of Crime, International Criminal Law Database & Commentary, archived from the original on 9 May 2013, retrieved 1 April 2018

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Zimmerman, Kip D.; Schurr, Theodore G.; Chen, Wei-Min; Nayak, Uma; Mychaleckyj, Josyf C.; Quet, Queen; Moultrie, Lee H.; Divers, Jasmin; Keene, Keith L.; Kamen, Diane L.; Gilkeson, Gary S.; Hunt, Kelly J.; Spruill, Ida J.; Fernandes, Jyotika K.; Aldrich, Melinda C.; Reich, David; Garvey, W. Timothy; Langefeld, Carl D.; Sale, Michèle M.; Ramos, Paula S. (August 2021). "Genetic landscape of Gullah African Americans". American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 175 (4): 905–919. Bibcode:2021AJPA..175..905Z. doi:10.1002/ajpa.24333. ISSN 0002-9483. PMC 8286328. PMID 34008864. "The decrease in European ancestry on the X-chromosome might imply a simultaneous European male bias and African female bias, which is consistent with increased frequency of sexual interactions between European males and African females, including rape and/or coerced sexual interactions (Kennedy, 2003; Lind et al., 2007)."
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bbc.co.uk

bbc.com (Global: 26th place; English: 23rd place)

bettercarenetwork.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

bnrm.nl (Global: low place; English: low place)

english.bnrm.nl

books.google.com (Global: 3rd place; English: 3rd place)

brill.com (Global: 814th place; English: 460th place)

cambridge.org (Global: 209th place; English: 151st place)

canada.com (Global: 1,459th place; English: 803rd place)

chosun.com (Global: 327th place; English: 360th place)

english.chosun.com

christianpost.com (Global: 2,534th place; English: 1,460th place)

christiantoday.com (Global: 8,588th place; English: 5,247th place)

cnn.com (Global: 36th place; English: 26th place)

credoreference.com (Global: 7,256th place; English: 4,942nd place)

corp.credoreference.com

crossroadsmag.eu (Global: low place; English: low place)

csecworldcongress.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

ctvnews.ca (Global: 779th place; English: 408th place)

bc.ctvnews.ca

cuny.edu (Global: 2,325th place; English: 1,345th place)

lostmuseum.cuny.edu

dhakatribune.com (Global: 1,778th place; English: 969th place)

digitaljournal.com (Global: 4,642nd place; English: 2,943rd place)

doi.org (Global: 2nd place; English: 2nd place)

economist.com (Global: 331st place; English: 272nd place)

ed.gov (Global: 318th place; English: 138th place)

eric.ed.gov

elsevier.com (Global: 365th place; English: 372nd place)

linkinghub.elsevier.com

europa.eu (Global: 62nd place; English: 100th place)

europol.europa.eu

expatica.com (Global: low place; English: 8,888th place)

expressindia.com (Global: 3,637th place; English: 2,041st place)

fbi.gov (Global: 1,253rd place; English: 766th place)

leb.fbi.gov

georgetown.edu (Global: 2,198th place; English: 1,338th place)

repository.library.georgetown.edu

ghostarchive.org (Global: 64th place; English: 28th place)

gmu.edu (Global: 4,504th place; English: 2,949th place)

chnm.gmu.edu

go.com (Global: 97th place; English: 79th place)

abcnews.go.com

guidetoaction.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

gulfinstitute.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

gutenberg-e.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

haverford.edu (Global: low place; English: low place)

heraldcorp.com (Global: 3,510th place; English: 3,380th place)

news.heraldcorp.com

highbeam.com (Global: 515th place; English: 295th place)

hrw.org (Global: 601st place; English: 472nd place)

huffingtonpost.com (Global: 212th place; English: 141st place)

ibiblio.org (Global: 1,093rd place; English: 690th place)

ibtimes.co.uk (Global: 2,363rd place; English: 1,707th place)

ibtimes.com (Global: 1,495th place; English: 1,080th place)

au.ibtimes.com

iclklamberg.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

icmec.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

icrw.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

ijmuk.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

ilo.org (Global: 2,182nd place; English: 2,511th place)

independent.co.uk (Global: 46th place; English: 29th place)

indiatimes.com (Global: 31st place; English: 19th place)

timesofindia.indiatimes.com

inquiriesjournal.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

ipoaa.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

ipsnews.net (Global: 6,453rd place; English: 4,916th place)

iu.edu (Global: 3,497th place; English: 2,025th place)

journals.indianapolis.iu.edu

iwpr.net (Global: 8,239th place; English: 6,700th place)

jstor.org (Global: 23rd place; English: 15th place)

adsabs.harvard.edu (Global: 14^th place; English: 9^th place)

aljazeera.com (Global: 165^th place; English: 119^th place)

amnesty.org (Global: 1,084^th place; English: 851^st place)

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

bbc.co.uk (Global: 11^th place; English: 10^th place)

bbc.com (Global: 26^th place; English: 23^rd place)

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

brill.com (Global: 814^th place; English: 460^th place)

cambridge.org (Global: 209^th place; English: 151^st place)

canada.com (Global: 1,459^th place; English: 803^rd place)

chosun.com (Global: 327^th place; English: 360^th place)

christianpost.com (Global: 2,534^th place; English: 1,460^th place)

christiantoday.com (Global: 8,588^th place; English: 5,247^th place)

cnn.com (Global: 36^th place; English: 26^th place)

credoreference.com (Global: 7,256^th place; English: 4,942^nd place)

ctvnews.ca (Global: 779^th place; English: 408^th place)

cuny.edu (Global: 2,325^th place; English: 1,345^th place)

dhakatribune.com (Global: 1,778^th place; English: 969^th place)

digitaljournal.com (Global: 4,642^nd place; English: 2,943^rd place)

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

economist.com (Global: 331^st place; English: 272^nd place)

ed.gov (Global: 318^th place; English: 138^th place)

elsevier.com (Global: 365^th place; English: 372^nd place)

europa.eu (Global: 62^nd place; English: 100^th place)

expatica.com (Global: low place; English: 8,888^th place)

expressindia.com (Global: 3,637^th place; English: 2,041^st place)

fbi.gov (Global: 1,253^rd place; English: 766^th place)

georgetown.edu (Global: 2,198^th place; English: 1,338^th place)

ghostarchive.org (Global: 64^th place; English: 28^th place)

gmu.edu (Global: 4,504^th place; English: 2,949^th place)

go.com (Global: 97^th place; English: 79^th place)

heraldcorp.com (Global: 3,510^th place; English: 3,380^th place)

highbeam.com (Global: 515^th place; English: 295^th place)

hrw.org (Global: 601^st place; English: 472^nd place)

huffingtonpost.com (Global: 212^th place; English: 141^st place)

ibiblio.org (Global: 1,093^rd place; English: 690^th place)

ibtimes.co.uk (Global: 2,363^rd place; English: 1,707^th place)

ibtimes.com (Global: 1,495^th place; English: 1,080^th place)

ilo.org (Global: 2,182^nd place; English: 2,511^th place)

independent.co.uk (Global: 46^th place; English: 29^th place)

indiatimes.com (Global: 31^st place; English: 19^th place)

ipsnews.net (Global: 6,453^rd place; English: 4,916^th place)

iu.edu (Global: 3,497^th place; English: 2,025^th place)

iwpr.net (Global: 8,239^th place; English: 6,700^th place)

jstor.org (Global: 23^rd place; English: 15^th place)

justice.gc.ca (Global: 3,261^st place; English: 2,011^th place)

mb.com.ph (Global: 1,172^nd place; English: 571^st place)

msmagazine.com (Global: low place; English: 8,336^th place)

nbcnews.com (Global: 156^th place; English: 101^st place)

nctimes.com (Global: low place; English: 9,318^th place)

ndr.de (Global: 1,052^nd place; English: 3,101^st place)

newint.org (Global: low place; English: 9,720^th place)

newsweek.com (Global: 371^st place; English: 235^th place)

nih.gov (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

nla.gov.au (Global: 112^th place; English: 56^th place)

nytimes.com (Global: 7^th place; English: 7^th place)

ohchr.org (Global: 1,204^th place; English: 1,164^th place)

ojp.gov (Global: 6,739^th place; English: 3,639^th place)

osu.edu (Global: 2,360^th place; English: 1,459^th place)

pbs.org (Global: 260^th place; English: 176^th place)

philstar.com (Global: 398^th place; English: 184^th place)

reuters.com (Global: 38^th place; English: 30^th place)

sagepub.com (Global: 609^th place; English: 451^st place)

scmp.com (Global: 302^nd place; English: 189^th place)

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)

sfgate.com (Global: 248^th place; English: 142^nd place)

slate.com (Global: 409^th place; English: 260^th place)

smh.com.au (Global: 154^th place; English: 94^th place)

springer.com (Global: 182^nd place; English: 172^nd place)

state.gov (Global: 228^th place; English: 204^th place)

straightdope.com (Global: 5,132^nd place; English: 4,368^th place)

swissinfo.ch (Global: 1,180^th place; English: 1,370^th place)

telegraph.co.uk (Global: 40^th place; English: 27^th place)

theatlantic.com (Global: 322^nd place; English: 198^th place)

theaustralian.com.au (Global: 957^th place; English: 505^th place)

theguardian.com (Global: 16^th place; English: 11^th place)

thelancet.com (Global: 2,615^th place; English: 3,403^rd place)

thestar.com (Global: 395^th place; English: 213^th place)

un.org (Global: 117^th place; English: 160^th place)

unam.mx (Global: 711^th place; English: 1,530^th place)