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Shaba I (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Shaba I" in English language version.

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119proquest.com
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3web.archive.org
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2nytimes.com
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1telquel-online.com
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1books.google.com
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1hood.edu
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books.google.com

  • Noam Chomsky and Edward S. Herman, Political Economy of Human Rights: After the Cataclysm: Postwar Indochina and the Reconstruction of Imperial Ideology, Black Rose Books, 1979; p. 308.

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hood.edu

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proquest.com

  • "Nigeria to Move, At U.S. Request, In Zaire Dispute", Washington Post, 23 March 1977, p. A1; accessed via ProQuest.
  • "Nigeria Appeals on Arms", New York Times, 24 March 1977, p. A7; accessed via ProQuest.
  • "Moroccan Troops Make Their First Move in Zaire", Los Angeles Times, 17 April 1977; accessed via ProQuest.
  • Robin Wright, "Moroccan Army Chief Visits Area of Fighting in Zaire", Washington Post, 15 April 1977; accessed via ProQuest.
  • "France Is Again Strengthening Ties With Zaire", New York Times, 17 April 1977, p. E1; accessed via ProQuest. "Although France did not officially support the secessionists, their leader, Moise Tshombe, employed French advisers and mercenaries and received support from the neighboring Government of Congo, a former French colony. Economic interests: After the Kantanganese rebellion ended in 1963, France expended considerable aid and effort to improve relations with Zaire. French companies now have important mining interests in the country, producer of copper, cobalt and industrial diamonds."
  • "Getting Involved: The U.S. Aid for Zaire Was Small But Significant", New York Times, 20 March 1977; accessed via ProQuest.
  • "A Cobalt Undercurrent in Zaire", New York Times, 20 March 1977; accessed via ProQuest.
  • Gerald Bender, "Zaire: Is There Any Rationale for U.S. Intervention?", New York Times, 27 March 1977, p. G2; accessed via ProQuest.
  • "Zaire preparing major push to confront Shaba guerrillas", Baltimore Sun (AP), 14 March 1977; accessed via ProQuest.
  • "Zaire Reports Invasion of South by Mercenaries", Los Angeles Times, 10 March 1977; accessed via ProQuest.
  • "Angolan troops hit Zaire, take 3 towns", Chicago Tribune (Tribune Wire Services), 11 March 1977; accessed via ProQuest.
  • Robin Wright, "Zaire Peasants, Friendly to Invaders, Spurn Government Troops", Washington Post, 24 March 1977; accessed via ProQuest.
  • Norman Kempster and Oswald Johnson, "U.S. Flies 35 Tons of Supplies to Zaire Defenders", Los Angeles Times, 16 March 1977; accessed via ProQuest.
  • John Palmer, "NATO doubts on Cubans' role", 15 April 1977; accessed via ProQuest.
  • Oswald Johnston, "State Dept. says Angola helps Zaire attackers", Boston Globe, 19 March 1977, p. 1; accessed via ProQuest.
  • Bernard Gwertzman, "Vance Says Invaders in Zaire Threaten Vital Copper Mining: Calls Situation 'Dangerous': He Tells House Panel That Conflict Endangers the Commodity That Sustain's Nation's Economy", New York Times, 17 March 1977; accessed via ProQuest.
  • Jane Rosen, "Concern in US on Zaire", The Guardian, 17 March 1977; accessed via ProQuest.
  • Ernest Volkman, "CIA backs mercenary recruiting", Boston Globe, 17 April 1977, p. 49; accessed via ProQuest. "Officially, the sources say, both Bufkin and the British mercenaries are recruiting on behalf of Mobutu, who is providing the money for the operation. However, the CIA is actually bankrolling the operation, the sources say."
  • CIA Held Having Mercenaries Role", Hartford Courant, 17 April 1977; accessed via ProQuest.
  • "Giscard sends 11 planes to aid Zaire fight in Shaba", Baltimore Sun (AP), 11 April 1977; accessed via ProQuest.
  • Robin Wright, "France to Aid Zaire; Fighting Continues", Washington Post, 19 March 1977, p. A12; accessed via ProQuest.
  • "Zaire bares troop, arms aid by Morocco, China", Chicago Tribune, 8 April 1977; accessed via ProQuest.
  • "Castro Denies Any Cuban Role in Invasion of Zaire: Says President Is Weak, Seeks Pretext for Foreign Assistance", Los Angeles Times, 21 March 1977, p. B2; accessed via ProQuest.
  • Daniel Southerland, "Zaire fighting hands Carter a test in Africa: Hostile borders, Loan payments overdue", Christian Science Monitor, 17 March 1977, p. 7; accessed via ProQuest.
  • Ann Crittenden, "Bank Group Plans New Loan to Zaire: Banking Syndicate Is Planning New Loan to Zaire", New York Times, 18 November 1977, p., 86; accessed via ProQuest.
  • Don Oberdorfer and Lee Lescaze, "Zaire Nearly Broke: U.S. Aids Bankers in Bailout for Zaire", Washington Post, 24 April 1977, p. 1; accessed via ProQuest.
  • Mark Frankland, "Why the banks are worrying about war", The Observer, 15 May 1977, p. 6; accessed via ProQuest.
  • David Lamb, "Zairians Reportedly Give Up Front Base: Move Would Bring Invaders Closer to Heart of Rich Copper Mining District", Los Angeles Times, 28 March 1977, p. B12; accessed via ProQuest.
  • Michael T. Kaufman, "Zairian Troops Said to Abandon Key Headquarters Town in Shaba", New York Times, 28 March 1977, p. 15; accessed via ProQuest.
  • Robin Wright, "Zaire's defenders dozing in tropical sun", Boston Globe, 27 March 1977, p. 22; accessed via ProQuest.
  • "Americans flee rebels in Zaire", Chicago Tribune (AP), 30 March 1977, p. B8; accessed via ProQuest.
  • Robin Wright, "Katanga Rebels Tighten Grip in Zaire", The Washington Post, 7 April 1977, p. A16; accessed via ProQuest.
  • Jane Bergerol, "Civilians 'flee Zaire bombing'", The Guardian, 30 April 1977, p. 1; accessed via ProQuest.
  • "Zaire's 'most gigantic demonstration' is half-filled stadium and few cheers", Boston Globe (AP), 4 April 1977, p. 2; accessed via ProQuest.
  • Michael T. Kaufman, "ZAIRE SAYS ITS JETS BOMB REBEL POSITION: Mirage Planes Are Reported Used to Attack City Identified as the Headquarters of Invaders", New York Times, 24 March 1977, p. A7; accessed via ProQuest.
  • "Zaire Refugees Saw No Cubans, Angolans", Hartford Courant, 1 May 1977; accessed via ProQuest.
  • "Zaire Warplanes Bomb Invaders: Angola Says 3 of Its Towns Were Attacked", Los Angeles Times, 23 March 1977, p. 1; accessed via ProQuest.
  • "Killed Portuguese, Russians and Cubans, Zaire Chief of Staff Says", Los Angeles Times, 3 April 1977, p. A22; accessed via ProQuest.
  • "Mobutu Announces End Of Soviet Cooperation", Washington Post, 22 April 1977, p. A23; accessed via ProQuest.
  • "'It will Definitely Not Have an Adverse Impact on Jobs...'", Washington Post, 23 April 1977; accessed via ProQuest
  • "Morocco King Says There Is Sure Proof Cubans Are in Zaire", Los Angeles Times (AP), 20 April 1977; accessed via ProQuest.
  • "Young Warns of Fears Over Reds", Los Angeles Times, 12 April 1977; accessed via ProQuest.
  • "Kissinger Urges U.S. and Soviet To End Rhetoric: Says Strong Statement on Zaire is Needed", New York Times, 6 April 1977; accessed via ProQuest.
  • "Timely tips on Zaire", Chicago Tribune, 8 April 1977; accessed via ProQuest. "In Peking, Chinese Vice Premier Li Hsien-nien, presiding at a dinner in honor of the visiting president of Mauritania, deliberately accused the Soviet Union of engineering 'the grave incident of a massive invasion of Zaire by mercenaries.' The Soviet ambassador to China promptly strode out of the Great Hall of the People, followed naturally by the representatives of East Germany, Hungary, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Poland, Mongolia, and Cuba."
  • "Renewed fighting flares in Zaire; rebels wound 30", Chicago Tribune, 16 April 1977; accessed via ProQuest.
  • Dick Clark, "America Has Already Done Too Much for Zaire's Hapless Government", Los Angeles Times, 1 May 1977; accessed via ProQuest.
  • Michael T. Kaufman, "Information on Fighting in Zaire Sometimes Conflicting and Wrong", New York Times, 26 March 1977, p. 7; accessed via ProQuest.
  • David Lamb, "Data Remains Scant On Katangan Attack In Remote Zaire Area", Washington Post, 30 March 1977, p. A19; accessed via ProQuest.
  • "Key Copper-Mining Center in Zaire Reported Taken by Rebel Invaders", New York Times (AP), 18 March 1977, p. A1; accessed via ProQuest.
  • Henry L. Trewhitt, "U.S. arms aid to Zaire considered: Congress consulted as rebel troops seize copper center", Baltimore Sun, 18 March 1977, p. A1; accessed via ProQuest.
  • Michael T. Kaufman, "Zaire Flying Troops to Battle Area in Bid to Repulse Invaders: Drive to Defend Copper City: Size of Force Moving on Kolwezi, Made Up Mostly of Ex-Militiamen From Katanga, Put at 2,000; accessed via ProQuest.
  • "Censorship Imposed In Zaire", Hartford Courant (AP), 1 April 1977, p. 1; accessed via ProQuest.
  • "Zaire Orders Expulsion Of AP Correspondent", Washington Post, 5 April 1977; accessed via ProQuest.
  • "Zaire Leader Blames Traitors", Zaire Leader Blames Traitors, Hartford Courant, 10 April 1977; accessed via ProQuest.
  • Jim Hoagland, "Zaire army 'avoiding fight'", The Guardian, 26 March 1977, p.3; accessed via ProQuest.
  • "Zambia Reports Bombing", New York Times, 13 April 1977, p. 9; accessed via ProQuest.
  • "Mobutu's planes 'bombed Zambia'", The Guardian (Reuters), 14 April 1977, p. 6; accessed via ProQuest.
  • "Merchant ship hit: Fierce new fighting in Angola reported", Chicago Tribune, 14 April 1977, p. 12; accessed via ProQuest.
  • "2 African Nations Sending Troops to Help, Zaire Says", Los Angeles Times, 8 April 1977, p. B1; accessed via ProQuest.
  • Graham Hovey, "Washington Seems To Favor Assistance Given Zaire Regime", New York Times, 9 April 1977; accessed via ProQuest.
  • Michael T. Kaufman, "Amin Arrives in Zaire, Pledges Aid To Mobutu Against Shaba Invaders", New York Times, 23 April 1977; accessed via ProQuest.
  • Andreas Freund, "France airlifting Moroccan soldiers to help out in Zaire: Unexpected Announcement Asserts Paris Made Decision to Aid Fight Against 'Outsiders'", New York Times, 11 April 1977, p. 1; accessed via ProQuest.
  • Jim Browning, "Giscard assures French: no Vietnam in Zaire: France acted independently, he asserts", Christian Science Monitor, 14 April 1977; accessed via ProQuest.
  • "U.S. Will Send Nonlethal Aid to Zaire Army", Los Angeles Times, 12 April 1977, p. A1; accessed via ProQuest.
  • "U.S. 'In Support Position' On Zaire, Young Says", Washington Post, 15 April 1977, p. A12; accessed via ProQuest.
  • Robin Wright, "S. Africa reportedly will aid Zaire", Boston Globe, 9 April 1977, p. 2; accessed via ProQuest.
  • "Rebel forces renew fight in Angola", Baltimore Sun, 14 April 1977; accessed via ProQuest.
  • "Nearing Key Town, Zaire Invaders Say", Los Angeles Times, 15 April 1977, p. B7; accessed via saProQuest.
  • "Zaire President Hits U.S., Vows Victory", Los Angeles Times, 15 April 1977, p. A2; accessed via ProQuest.
  • "French soldier killed in Zaire", The Guardian, 16 April 1977, p. 5; accessed via ProQuest.
  • "Foreign Aid To Zaire Spurs Threat From Marxist Angola As Tense Situation Worsens: Mobutu Repeats Charge of Cuban, Russian Influence", Atlanta Daily World (AP), 12 April 1977; accessed via ProQuest.
  • "Russ Accuse West, China of Interference in Zaire", Los Angeles Times, 13 April 1977, p. B7; accessed via ProQuest.
  • Paul Webster, "Giscard faces uproar over Zaire", The Guardian, 12 April 1977; accessed via ProQuest.
  • "Brezhnev Hits Zaire 'Meddling", The Hartford Courant (AP), 19 April 1977; accessed via ProQuest.
  • PaulWebster and Jonathan Steele, "Giscard denies new Vietnam", The Guardian, 13 April 1977; accessed via ProQuest.
  • John Palmer, "Belgium explains arms for Zaire", 13 April 1977; accessed via ProQuest.
  • Robin Wright, "Zaire Rebels Seen Preparing to Open a New Front", Washington Post, 13 April 1977, accessed via ProQuest.
  • "Pygmy bowmen join drive on Zaire invaders", Chicago Tribune, 20 April 1977; accessed via ProQuest.
  • Robin Wright, "Both Sides Nibble at Territory in Zaire's 'Termite War'", 20 April 1977; accessed via ProQuest.
  • Michael T. Kaufman, "2 CAPTIVES DISPLAYED BY ZAIRE IN STADIUM: Crowd of 60,000 Calls for Death of Men Seized in South—They Tell of Training by Cubans", New York Times, 20 April 1977, p. 6; accessed via ProQuest.
  • George C. Wilson, "Zaire Asks For Planeload Of Coca-Cola", Washington Post, 20 April 1977; accessed via ProQuest.
  • Laura Parks, "Copper is queen of Zaire's Shaba", Tri–State Defender, 21 May 1977; accessed via ProQuest. "The towns will provide the operating base from which raids against the battle groups will be launched, if they can be found, more than likely the raids will degenerate into punitive expeditions against the village of Shaba province where that guerrilla battle groups might be suspected of receiving support."
  • "Mobutu Flies to Zaire Copper Belt To Visit Troops Fighting Invaders", New York Times (UPI), 24 April 1977; accessed via ProQuest.
  • "Mobutu's troops overwhelm rebels in surprise raid", The Guardian, 26 April 1977; accessed via ProQuest.
  • "Zairean troops in push to border", The Guardian, 27 April 1977; accessed via ProQuest.
  • Michael T. Kaufman, "Zaire Says Its Forces Recapture a Key Rail Center From Katangan Rebels; Little Resistance Reported", 26 April 1977; accessed via ProQuest.
  • "Zaire Gets $85 Million In Loans", Hartford Courant, 27 April 1977; accessed via ProQuest.
  • "Americans Reported Zaire-Bound", New York Times, 17 April 1977, p. 33; accessed via ProQuest .
  • Ernest Volkman, "'CIA links' with Zaire" The Guardian, 18 April 1977; accessed via ProQuest. "The Central Intelligence Agency is covertly supporting efforts now underway to recruit several hundred mercenaries in the United States and Britain to fight on behalf of President Mobutu of Zaire against Katanganese invaders. The CIA has strong links with a Californian who is in charge of the American recruitment, according to intelligence sources, and had backed the operation with funds. It also has passed word quietly to the US Justice Department that it will not cooperate in a pending investigation of the American recruiter's activities."
  • "Mercenaries' Recruiter denies link with C.I.A.", New York Times (AP), 20 April 1977; accessed via ProQuest.
  • Tendayi Kumbula, "'Bad Boy' Mercenary Tells of Adventures", Los Angeles Times, 25 May 1977; accessed via ProQuest.
  • Jonathan C. Randal, "Mobuto Riding High, But Possibility Raised Of Guerrilla Warfare", Washington Post, 28 April 1977; accessed via ProQuest.
  • David Lamb, "The Fall and Rise of the Zairian Empire: Mobuto's Game Plan Guides Country to Victory on the Back of Showmanship", Los Angeles Times, 18 May 1977; accessed via ProQuest.
  • "Zaire reports Shaba fighting lull", Baltimore Sun, 6 May 1977; accessed via ProQuest. "In another development, four Western European ambassadors met with presidential aides and Foreign Ministry officials in attempts to convince the government to cancel plans to exhibit seven Western journalists arrested in Shaba last month. They have been accused of espionage and violating a ban on journalists in the province."
  • Colin Smith, "The closing doors of Africa", The Observer, 15 May 1977, p. 12; accessed via ProQuest.
  • "Newsmen 'to go on show' in Zaire", The Guardian (UPI), 5 May 1977; accessed via ProQuest.
  • David Lamb, "Zaire Expels Seven Journalists Held as POWs", Los Angeles Times, 7 May 1977; accessed via ProQuest.
  • "3 Moroccan Soldiers Executed for Rape", Hartford Courant (AP), 25 April 1977; accessed via ProQuest.
  • "Rape case soldiers executed", The Guardian, 25 April 1977; accessed via ProQuest.
  • Robin Wright, "Tribesmen in Troubled Province Become Victims of Zaire Army", Washington Post, 21 April 1977; accessed via ProQuest. "There are several confirmed reports that six persons have been killed from beating or stabbing incidents and that the local detention centers hold at least 100 Africans. There are unconfirmed reports of other deaths and imprisonment. There are also widespread reports of Lunda families being repeatedly threatened if money, food or clothing is not provided to government troops. The campaign is apparently designed in part to discourage the Lunda people from cooperating with Katangan rebels who are also from the Lunda tribe, according to several highly reliable sources in Kolwezi. [...] The constant harassment and threats of bodily harm have further alienated already suspicious local residents to the point that a growing number of blacks and Europeans now openly say they would welcome the Katangans merely to avoid further incidents and increasing tribal friction."
  • David Lamb, "Zaire's War Now in Others' Hands: 4 Nations Filling Main Battle, Support Roles", Los Angeles Times, 4 May 1977, p. B1; accessed via ProQuest.
  • "Zaire's Troops Reported Ambushed", New York Times (UPI), 4 May 1977; accessed via ProQuest.
  • "American workers to return to Zaire", Los Angeles Times, 28 April 1977; accessed via ProQuest.
  • "Zaire Reports Recapturing Strategic Town Near Angola", Los Angeles Times, 22 May 1977; accessed via ProQuest.
  • "Zaire reports Shaba victory", Baltimore Sun, 22 May 1977; accessed via ProQuest.
  • Geoffrey Godwell, "Mobutu, Morocco end threat in Shaba; big powers kept out", Christian Science Monitor, 24 May 1977, accessed via ProQuest.
  • "Morocco's Mission in Zaire War Is Over, Foreign Minister Says", Los Angeles Times, 24 May 1977; accessed via ProQuest.
  • "Zaire resistance falls", Baltimore Sun, 27 May 1977; accessed via ProQuest.
  • "War clouds threaten horn: Turmoil in Ethiopia altering area alliances", Baltimore Sun, 17 May 1977; accessed via ProQuest.
  • "US says Cuban advisers in Ethiopia", Boston Globe, 26 May 1977, p. 17; accessed via ProQuest.
  • "Zaire Says Saudis Gave War Aid", Washington Post, 21 July 1977; accessed via ProQuest.
  • "Zaire Condemns Two Men It Links to Shaba Invasion", New York Times, 19 August 1977; accessed via ProQuest.
  • "Zaire's No. 2 Official Ousted, Will Face Charge of Treason", Washington Post, 14 August 1977; accessed via ProQuest.
  • "Treason charge shakes Zaire", The Guardian (AP), 15 August 1977, p. 6; accessed via ProQuest.
  • "Zaire Aide Gets Death", Los Angeles Times, 13 September 1977; accessed via ProQuest.
  • "Former Zaire Aide, Guilty of Treason, Is Sentenced to Die", New York Times, 14 September 1977; accessed via ProQuest
  • "Mobutu reprieves former Minister", The Guardian, 16 September 1977; accessed via ProQuest.
  • Richard R. Leger, "The Other War: Conflict Is on Wane, But Zaire Still Fights Poverty, Bankruptcy: Lack of Foreign Exchange Plagues Overseas Firms; Mobutu in Firm Control", Wall Street Journal, 24 May 1977; accessed via ProQuest.
  • Tom Herman, "Major Loan to Zaire Up to $250 Million Nearing Completion", Wall Street Journal, 24 February 1978; accessed via ProQuest.

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