"Monument of Freedom". Bulgarian Ministry of Culture - Museum "Shipka-Buzluzha". Retrieved 2011-03-11.
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Crowe, John Henry Verinder (1911). "Shipka Pass" . In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 24 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 1043–1044, line one. ...a pass in the Balkans, celebrated as the scene of fierce fighting in the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–78
