Siege of Baghdad (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Siege of Baghdad" in English language version.

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34jstor.org

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Boyle 1968, pp. 200–202; Atwood 2004, p. 1. Boyle, John Andrew (1968). "Dynastic and Political History of the Il-khans". In Boyle, J. A. (ed.). The Cambridge History of Iran. Vol. 5: The Saljuq and Mongol Periods. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 303–421. ISBN 978-1-139-05497-3.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) Atwood, Christopher P. (2004). Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire. New York: Facts on File. ISBN 978-0-8160-4671-3. Retrieved 2 March 2022.
Jackson 2017, pp. 81–82; Atwood 2004, p. 2; Boyle 1968, pp. 334–335. Jackson, Peter (2017). The Mongols and the Islamic World: From Conquest to Conversion. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-3001-2533-7. Atwood, Christopher P. (2004). Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire. New York: Facts on File. ISBN 978-0-8160-4671-3. Retrieved 2 March 2022. Boyle, John Andrew (1968). "Dynastic and Political History of the Il-khans". In Boyle, J. A. (ed.). The Cambridge History of Iran. Vol. 5: The Saljuq and Mongol Periods. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 303–421. ISBN 978-1-139-05497-3.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
Jackson 2017, pp. 82–83; Atwood 2004, p. 2. Jackson, Peter (2017). The Mongols and the Islamic World: From Conquest to Conversion. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-3001-2533-7. Atwood, Christopher P. (2004). Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire. New York: Facts on File. ISBN 978-0-8160-4671-3. Retrieved 2 March 2022.
Jackson 2017, pp. 83–85; Atwood 2004, p. 2. Jackson, Peter (2017). The Mongols and the Islamic World: From Conquest to Conversion. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-3001-2533-7. Atwood, Christopher P. (2004). Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire. New York: Facts on File. ISBN 978-0-8160-4671-3. Retrieved 2 March 2022.
Jackson 2017, p. 125; Atwood 2004, p. 255; Morgan 1986, p. 130; Biran 2012, pp. 78–79. Jackson, Peter (2017). The Mongols and the Islamic World: From Conquest to Conversion. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-3001-2533-7. Atwood, Christopher P. (2004). Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire. New York: Facts on File. ISBN 978-0-8160-4671-3. Retrieved 2 March 2022. Morgan, David (1986). The Mongols. The Peoples of Europe. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing. ISBN 978-0-6311-7563-6. Biran, Michal (2012). Genghis Khan. Makers of the Muslim World. London: Oneworld Publications. ISBN 978-1-7807-4204-5.
May 2018, pp. 144–145; Atwood 2004, p. 363. May, Timothy (2018). The Mongol Empire. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 978-0-7486-4237-3. Atwood, Christopher P. (2004). Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire. New York: Facts on File. ISBN 978-0-8160-4671-3. Retrieved 2 March 2022.
Lane 2003, pp. 18–19; Hodous 2020, p. 30; Atwood 2004, p. 255; Jackson 2017, pp. 126–127. Lane, George (2003). Early Mongol Rule in Thirteenth-Century Iran: A Persian Renaissance. London: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-4152-9750-9. Hodous, Florence (2020). "Guo Kan: Military Exchanges between China and the Middle East". In Biran, Michal; Brack, Jonathan; Fiaschetti, Francesca (eds.). Along the Silk Roads in Mongol Eurasia: Generals, Merchants, and Intellectuals (1st ed.). Oakland: University of California Press. pp. 27–43. doi:10.2307/j.ctv125jrx5.7. ISBN 978-0-520-29875-0. JSTOR j.ctv125jrx5.7. Atwood, Christopher P. (2004). Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire. New York: Facts on File. ISBN 978-0-8160-4671-3. Retrieved 2 March 2022. Jackson, Peter (2017). The Mongols and the Islamic World: From Conquest to Conversion. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-3001-2533-7.
Boyle 1968, p. 342; May 2018, p. 163; Atwood 2004, p. 255. Boyle, John Andrew (1968). "Dynastic and Political History of the Il-khans". In Boyle, J. A. (ed.). The Cambridge History of Iran. Vol. 5: The Saljuq and Mongol Periods. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 303–421. ISBN 978-1-139-05497-3.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) May, Timothy (2018). The Mongol Empire. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 978-0-7486-4237-3. Atwood, Christopher P. (2004). Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire. New York: Facts on File. ISBN 978-0-8160-4671-3. Retrieved 2 March 2022.
Atwood 2004, p. 255; Lane 2003, pp. 24–25; Jackson 2017, p. 127; Boyle 1968, pp. 342–344. Atwood, Christopher P. (2004). Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire. New York: Facts on File. ISBN 978-0-8160-4671-3. Retrieved 2 March 2022. Lane, George (2003). Early Mongol Rule in Thirteenth-Century Iran: A Persian Renaissance. London: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-4152-9750-9. Jackson, Peter (2017). The Mongols and the Islamic World: From Conquest to Conversion. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-3001-2533-7. Boyle, John Andrew (1968). "Dynastic and Political History of the Il-khans". In Boyle, J. A. (ed.). The Cambridge History of Iran. Vol. 5: The Saljuq and Mongol Periods. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 303–421. ISBN 978-1-139-05497-3.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
Lane 2003, pp. 25–26; Atwood 2004, pp. 255–256. Lane, George (2003). Early Mongol Rule in Thirteenth-Century Iran: A Persian Renaissance. London: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-4152-9750-9. Atwood, Christopher P. (2004). Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire. New York: Facts on File. ISBN 978-0-8160-4671-3. Retrieved 2 March 2022.
Lane 2003, pp. 31–35; Marozzi 2014, chapter 5; Atwood 2004, p. 2. Lane, George (2003). Early Mongol Rule in Thirteenth-Century Iran: A Persian Renaissance. London: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-4152-9750-9. Marozzi, Justin (2014). Baghdad: City of Peace, City of Blood. London: Penguin UK. ISBN 978-0-1419-4804-1. Atwood, Christopher P. (2004). Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire. New York: Facts on File. ISBN 978-0-8160-4671-3. Retrieved 2 March 2022.
Boyle 1968, p. 347; Atwood 2004, p. 28. Boyle, John Andrew (1968). "Dynastic and Political History of the Il-khans". In Boyle, J. A. (ed.). The Cambridge History of Iran. Vol. 5: The Saljuq and Mongol Periods. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 303–421. ISBN 978-1-139-05497-3.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) Atwood, Christopher P. (2004). Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire. New York: Facts on File. ISBN 978-0-8160-4671-3. Retrieved 2 March 2022.
Boyle 1968, p. 347; Atwood 2004, p. 28; Chambers 1979, p. 144. Boyle, John Andrew (1968). "Dynastic and Political History of the Il-khans". In Boyle, J. A. (ed.). The Cambridge History of Iran. Vol. 5: The Saljuq and Mongol Periods. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 303–421. ISBN 978-1-139-05497-3.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) Atwood, Christopher P. (2004). Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire. New York: Facts on File. ISBN 978-0-8160-4671-3. Retrieved 2 March 2022. Chambers, James (1979). The Devil's Horsemen: The Mongol Invasion of Europe. New York: Atheneum. ISBN 978-0-6891-0942-3.
Atwood 2004, p. 28; Chambers 1979, p. 144; Marozzi 2014, chapter 5. Atwood, Christopher P. (2004). Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire. New York: Facts on File. ISBN 978-0-8160-4671-3. Retrieved 2 March 2022. Chambers, James (1979). The Devil's Horsemen: The Mongol Invasion of Europe. New York: Atheneum. ISBN 978-0-6891-0942-3. Marozzi, Justin (2014). Baghdad: City of Peace, City of Blood. London: Penguin UK. ISBN 978-0-1419-4804-1.
Atwood 2004, p. 2; Buell 2003, p. 51; Boyle 1968, p. 348. Atwood, Christopher P. (2004). Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire. New York: Facts on File. ISBN 978-0-8160-4671-3. Retrieved 2 March 2022. Buell, Paul D. (2003). Historical Dictionary of the Mongol World Empire. Lanham: The Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-4571-8. Boyle, John Andrew (1968). "Dynastic and Political History of the Il-khans". In Boyle, J. A. (ed.). The Cambridge History of Iran. Vol. 5: The Saljuq and Mongol Periods. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 303–421. ISBN 978-1-139-05497-3.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
Buell 2003, p. 52; Atwood 2004, pp. 28–29; Boyle 1968, p. 348. Buell, Paul D. (2003). Historical Dictionary of the Mongol World Empire. Lanham: The Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-4571-8. Atwood, Christopher P. (2004). Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire. New York: Facts on File. ISBN 978-0-8160-4671-3. Retrieved 2 March 2022. Boyle, John Andrew (1968). "Dynastic and Political History of the Il-khans". In Boyle, J. A. (ed.). The Cambridge History of Iran. Vol. 5: The Saljuq and Mongol Periods. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 303–421. ISBN 978-1-139-05497-3.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
Atwood 2004, p. 29; Boyle 1968, p. 348; May 2018, p. 166. Atwood, Christopher P. (2004). Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire. New York: Facts on File. ISBN 978-0-8160-4671-3. Retrieved 2 March 2022. Boyle, John Andrew (1968). "Dynastic and Political History of the Il-khans". In Boyle, J. A. (ed.). The Cambridge History of Iran. Vol. 5: The Saljuq and Mongol Periods. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 303–421. ISBN 978-1-139-05497-3.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) May, Timothy (2018). The Mongol Empire. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 978-0-7486-4237-3.
Atwood 2004, p. 28; Chambers 1979, p. 145; Boyle 1968, p. 348. Atwood, Christopher P. (2004). Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire. New York: Facts on File. ISBN 978-0-8160-4671-3. Retrieved 2 March 2022. Chambers, James (1979). The Devil's Horsemen: The Mongol Invasion of Europe. New York: Atheneum. ISBN 978-0-6891-0942-3. Boyle, John Andrew (1968). "Dynastic and Political History of the Il-khans". In Boyle, J. A. (ed.). The Cambridge History of Iran. Vol. 5: The Saljuq and Mongol Periods. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 303–421. ISBN 978-1-139-05497-3.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
Boyle 1968, p. 348; Jackson 2017, p. 167; Atwood 2004, p. 29; Marozzi 2014, chapter 5. Boyle, John Andrew (1968). "Dynastic and Political History of the Il-khans". In Boyle, J. A. (ed.). The Cambridge History of Iran. Vol. 5: The Saljuq and Mongol Periods. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 303–421. ISBN 978-1-139-05497-3.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) Jackson, Peter (2017). The Mongols and the Islamic World: From Conquest to Conversion. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-3001-2533-7. Atwood, Christopher P. (2004). Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire. New York: Facts on File. ISBN 978-0-8160-4671-3. Retrieved 2 March 2022. Marozzi, Justin (2014). Baghdad: City of Peace, City of Blood. London: Penguin UK. ISBN 978-0-1419-4804-1.
Jackson 2017, p. 167; Atwood 2004, p. 226. Jackson, Peter (2017). The Mongols and the Islamic World: From Conquest to Conversion. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-3001-2533-7. Atwood, Christopher P. (2004). Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire. New York: Facts on File. ISBN 978-0-8160-4671-3. Retrieved 2 March 2022.
Chambers 1979, p. 145; Marozzi 2014, chapter 5; Biran 2012, p. 79. Chambers, James (1979). The Devil's Horsemen: The Mongol Invasion of Europe. New York: Atheneum. ISBN 978-0-6891-0942-3. Marozzi, Justin (2014). Baghdad: City of Peace, City of Blood. London: Penguin UK. ISBN 978-0-1419-4804-1. Biran, Michal (2012). Genghis Khan. Makers of the Muslim World. London: Oneworld Publications. ISBN 978-1-7807-4204-5.
Morgan 1986, p. 133; Buell 2003, p. 117; Atwood 2004, p. 344; Chambers 1979, p. 146. Morgan, David (1986). The Mongols. The Peoples of Europe. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing. ISBN 978-0-6311-7563-6. Buell, Paul D. (2003). Historical Dictionary of the Mongol World Empire. Lanham: The Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-4571-8. Atwood, Christopher P. (2004). Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire. New York: Facts on File. ISBN 978-0-8160-4671-3. Retrieved 2 March 2022. Chambers, James (1979). The Devil's Horsemen: The Mongol Invasion of Europe. New York: Atheneum. ISBN 978-0-6891-0942-3.
Boyle 1968, pp. 348–349; Chambers 1979, p. 145; Atwood 2004, p. 226; Hodous 2020, p. 35. Boyle, John Andrew (1968). "Dynastic and Political History of the Il-khans". In Boyle, J. A. (ed.). The Cambridge History of Iran. Vol. 5: The Saljuq and Mongol Periods. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 303–421. ISBN 978-1-139-05497-3.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) Chambers, James (1979). The Devil's Horsemen: The Mongol Invasion of Europe. New York: Atheneum. ISBN 978-0-6891-0942-3. Atwood, Christopher P. (2004). Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire. New York: Facts on File. ISBN 978-0-8160-4671-3. Retrieved 2 March 2022. Hodous, Florence (2020). "Guo Kan: Military Exchanges between China and the Middle East". In Biran, Michal; Brack, Jonathan; Fiaschetti, Francesca (eds.). Along the Silk Roads in Mongol Eurasia: Generals, Merchants, and Intellectuals (1st ed.). Oakland: University of California Press. pp. 27–43. doi:10.2307/j.ctv125jrx5.7. ISBN 978-0-520-29875-0. JSTOR j.ctv125jrx5.7.
Jackson 2017, pp. 128–129; Atwood 2004, p. 29; Morgan 1986, p. 133. Jackson, Peter (2017). The Mongols and the Islamic World: From Conquest to Conversion. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-3001-2533-7. Atwood, Christopher P. (2004). Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire. New York: Facts on File. ISBN 978-0-8160-4671-3. Retrieved 2 March 2022. Morgan, David (1986). The Mongols. The Peoples of Europe. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing. ISBN 978-0-6311-7563-6.
Biran 2012, p. 79; Jackson 2017, p. 129. Biran, Michal (2012). Genghis Khan. Makers of the Muslim World. London: Oneworld Publications. ISBN 978-1-7807-4204-5. Jackson, Peter (2017). The Mongols and the Islamic World: From Conquest to Conversion. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-3001-2533-7.
Boyle 1968, p. 349; Atwood 2004, p. 29. Boyle, John Andrew (1968). "Dynastic and Political History of the Il-khans". In Boyle, J. A. (ed.). The Cambridge History of Iran. Vol. 5: The Saljuq and Mongol Periods. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 303–421. ISBN 978-1-139-05497-3.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) Atwood, Christopher P. (2004). Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire. New York: Facts on File. ISBN 978-0-8160-4671-3. Retrieved 2 March 2022.
Biran 2012, p. 99; Atwood 2004, p. 2; Lane 2022, p. 283. Biran, Michal (2012). Genghis Khan. Makers of the Muslim World. London: Oneworld Publications. ISBN 978-1-7807-4204-5. Atwood, Christopher P. (2004). Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire. New York: Facts on File. ISBN 978-0-8160-4671-3. Retrieved 2 March 2022. Lane, George (2022). "The Ilkhanate". In May, Timothy; Hope, Michael (eds.). The Mongol World. Abingdon: Routledge. pp. 279–297. ISBN 978-1-3151-6517-2.

archive.org

Jackson 2017, p. 125; Atwood 2004, p. 255; Morgan 1986, p. 130; Biran 2012, pp. 78–79. Jackson, Peter (2017). The Mongols and the Islamic World: From Conquest to Conversion. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-3001-2533-7. Atwood, Christopher P. (2004). Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire. New York: Facts on File. ISBN 978-0-8160-4671-3. Retrieved 2 March 2022. Morgan, David (1986). The Mongols. The Peoples of Europe. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing. ISBN 978-0-6311-7563-6. Biran, Michal (2012). Genghis Khan. Makers of the Muslim World. London: Oneworld Publications. ISBN 978-1-7807-4204-5.
May 2007, p. 27. May, Timothy (2007). The Mongol Art of War: Chinggis Khan and the Mongol Military System. Yardley: Westholme. ISBN 978-1-5941-6046-2.
Morgan 1986, p. 133; Buell 2003, p. 117; Atwood 2004, p. 344; Chambers 1979, p. 146. Morgan, David (1986). The Mongols. The Peoples of Europe. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing. ISBN 978-0-6311-7563-6. Buell, Paul D. (2003). Historical Dictionary of the Mongol World Empire. Lanham: The Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-4571-8. Atwood, Christopher P. (2004). Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire. New York: Facts on File. ISBN 978-0-8160-4671-3. Retrieved 2 March 2022. Chambers, James (1979). The Devil's Horsemen: The Mongol Invasion of Europe. New York: Atheneum. ISBN 978-0-6891-0942-3.
Jackson 2017, p. 129; Morgan 1986, p. 133; Boyle 1968, p. 348; May 2018, p. 166. Jackson, Peter (2017). The Mongols and the Islamic World: From Conquest to Conversion. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-3001-2533-7. Morgan, David (1986). The Mongols. The Peoples of Europe. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing. ISBN 978-0-6311-7563-6. Boyle, John Andrew (1968). "Dynastic and Political History of the Il-khans". In Boyle, J. A. (ed.). The Cambridge History of Iran. Vol. 5: The Saljuq and Mongol Periods. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 303–421. ISBN 978-1-139-05497-3.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) May, Timothy (2018). The Mongol Empire. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 978-0-7486-4237-3.
Jackson 2017, pp. 128–129; Atwood 2004, p. 29; Morgan 1986, p. 133. Jackson, Peter (2017). The Mongols and the Islamic World: From Conquest to Conversion. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-3001-2533-7. Atwood, Christopher P. (2004). Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire. New York: Facts on File. ISBN 978-0-8160-4671-3. Retrieved 2 March 2022. Morgan, David (1986). The Mongols. The Peoples of Europe. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing. ISBN 978-0-6311-7563-6.
Morgan 1986, pp. 133–134; Jackson 2017, p. 129. Morgan, David (1986). The Mongols. The Peoples of Europe. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing. ISBN 978-0-6311-7563-6. Jackson, Peter (2017). The Mongols and the Islamic World: From Conquest to Conversion. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-3001-2533-7.

books.google.com

Boyle 1968, pp. 200–202; Atwood 2004, p. 1. Boyle, John Andrew (1968). "Dynastic and Political History of the Il-khans". In Boyle, J. A. (ed.). The Cambridge History of Iran. Vol. 5: The Saljuq and Mongol Periods. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 303–421. ISBN 978-1-139-05497-3.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) Atwood, Christopher P. (2004). Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire. New York: Facts on File. ISBN 978-0-8160-4671-3. Retrieved 2 March 2022.
Jackson 2017, pp. 81–82; Atwood 2004, p. 2; Boyle 1968, pp. 334–335. Jackson, Peter (2017). The Mongols and the Islamic World: From Conquest to Conversion. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-3001-2533-7. Atwood, Christopher P. (2004). Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire. New York: Facts on File. ISBN 978-0-8160-4671-3. Retrieved 2 March 2022. Boyle, John Andrew (1968). "Dynastic and Political History of the Il-khans". In Boyle, J. A. (ed.). The Cambridge History of Iran. Vol. 5: The Saljuq and Mongol Periods. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 303–421. ISBN 978-1-139-05497-3.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
May 2018, p. 159; Jackson 2017, p. 125; Boyle 1968, p. 340; Lane 2003, p. 23. May, Timothy (2018). The Mongol Empire. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 978-0-7486-4237-3. Jackson, Peter (2017). The Mongols and the Islamic World: From Conquest to Conversion. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-3001-2533-7. Boyle, John Andrew (1968). "Dynastic and Political History of the Il-khans". In Boyle, J. A. (ed.). The Cambridge History of Iran. Vol. 5: The Saljuq and Mongol Periods. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 303–421. ISBN 978-1-139-05497-3.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) Lane, George (2003). Early Mongol Rule in Thirteenth-Century Iran: A Persian Renaissance. London: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-4152-9750-9.
Boyle 1968, p. 341; Jackson 2017, pp. 126–127. Boyle, John Andrew (1968). "Dynastic and Political History of the Il-khans". In Boyle, J. A. (ed.). The Cambridge History of Iran. Vol. 5: The Saljuq and Mongol Periods. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 303–421. ISBN 978-1-139-05497-3.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) Jackson, Peter (2017). The Mongols and the Islamic World: From Conquest to Conversion. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-3001-2533-7.
Boyle 1968, p. 342; May 2018, p. 163; Atwood 2004, p. 255. Boyle, John Andrew (1968). "Dynastic and Political History of the Il-khans". In Boyle, J. A. (ed.). The Cambridge History of Iran. Vol. 5: The Saljuq and Mongol Periods. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 303–421. ISBN 978-1-139-05497-3.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) May, Timothy (2018). The Mongol Empire. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 978-0-7486-4237-3. Atwood, Christopher P. (2004). Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire. New York: Facts on File. ISBN 978-0-8160-4671-3. Retrieved 2 March 2022.
Atwood 2004, p. 255; Lane 2003, pp. 24–25; Jackson 2017, p. 127; Boyle 1968, pp. 342–344. Atwood, Christopher P. (2004). Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire. New York: Facts on File. ISBN 978-0-8160-4671-3. Retrieved 2 March 2022. Lane, George (2003). Early Mongol Rule in Thirteenth-Century Iran: A Persian Renaissance. London: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-4152-9750-9. Jackson, Peter (2017). The Mongols and the Islamic World: From Conquest to Conversion. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-3001-2533-7. Boyle, John Andrew (1968). "Dynastic and Political History of the Il-khans". In Boyle, J. A. (ed.). The Cambridge History of Iran. Vol. 5: The Saljuq and Mongol Periods. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 303–421. ISBN 978-1-139-05497-3.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
Boyle 1968, pp. 344–345; Jackson 2017, p. 127. Boyle, John Andrew (1968). "Dynastic and Political History of the Il-khans". In Boyle, J. A. (ed.). The Cambridge History of Iran. Vol. 5: The Saljuq and Mongol Periods. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 303–421. ISBN 978-1-139-05497-3.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) Jackson, Peter (2017). The Mongols and the Islamic World: From Conquest to Conversion. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-3001-2533-7.
Chambers 1979, p. 143; Boyle 1968, pp. 345–346; Bai︠a︡rsaĭkhan 2011, p. 129. Chambers, James (1979). The Devil's Horsemen: The Mongol Invasion of Europe. New York: Atheneum. ISBN 978-0-6891-0942-3. Boyle, John Andrew (1968). "Dynastic and Political History of the Il-khans". In Boyle, J. A. (ed.). The Cambridge History of Iran. Vol. 5: The Saljuq and Mongol Periods. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 303–421. ISBN 978-1-139-05497-3.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) Bai︠a︡rsaĭkhan, D. (2011). The Mongols and the Armenians (1220-1335). Leiden: Brill. ISBN 978-9-0041-8635-4. JSTOR 10.1163/j.ctt1w8h10n.
Jackson 2017, p. 128; Lane 2003, p. 30; Boyle 1968, p. 346. Jackson, Peter (2017). The Mongols and the Islamic World: From Conquest to Conversion. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-3001-2533-7. Lane, George (2003). Early Mongol Rule in Thirteenth-Century Iran: A Persian Renaissance. London: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-4152-9750-9. Boyle, John Andrew (1968). "Dynastic and Political History of the Il-khans". In Boyle, J. A. (ed.). The Cambridge History of Iran. Vol. 5: The Saljuq and Mongol Periods. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 303–421. ISBN 978-1-139-05497-3.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
Jackson 2017, p. 129; Boyle 1968, p. 346. Jackson, Peter (2017). The Mongols and the Islamic World: From Conquest to Conversion. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-3001-2533-7. Boyle, John Andrew (1968). "Dynastic and Political History of the Il-khans". In Boyle, J. A. (ed.). The Cambridge History of Iran. Vol. 5: The Saljuq and Mongol Periods. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 303–421. ISBN 978-1-139-05497-3.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
Boyle 1968, pp. 346–347; Jackson 2017, p. 128. Boyle, John Andrew (1968). "Dynastic and Political History of the Il-khans". In Boyle, J. A. (ed.). The Cambridge History of Iran. Vol. 5: The Saljuq and Mongol Periods. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 303–421. ISBN 978-1-139-05497-3.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) Jackson, Peter (2017). The Mongols and the Islamic World: From Conquest to Conversion. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-3001-2533-7.
Boyle 1968, p. 347; Atwood 2004, p. 28. Boyle, John Andrew (1968). "Dynastic and Political History of the Il-khans". In Boyle, J. A. (ed.). The Cambridge History of Iran. Vol. 5: The Saljuq and Mongol Periods. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 303–421. ISBN 978-1-139-05497-3.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) Atwood, Christopher P. (2004). Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire. New York: Facts on File. ISBN 978-0-8160-4671-3. Retrieved 2 March 2022.
Boyle 1968, p. 347; Atwood 2004, p. 28; Chambers 1979, p. 144. Boyle, John Andrew (1968). "Dynastic and Political History of the Il-khans". In Boyle, J. A. (ed.). The Cambridge History of Iran. Vol. 5: The Saljuq and Mongol Periods. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 303–421. ISBN 978-1-139-05497-3.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) Atwood, Christopher P. (2004). Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire. New York: Facts on File. ISBN 978-0-8160-4671-3. Retrieved 2 March 2022. Chambers, James (1979). The Devil's Horsemen: The Mongol Invasion of Europe. New York: Atheneum. ISBN 978-0-6891-0942-3.
Boyle 1968, pp. 347–348; Chambers 1979, pp. 144–145. Boyle, John Andrew (1968). "Dynastic and Political History of the Il-khans". In Boyle, J. A. (ed.). The Cambridge History of Iran. Vol. 5: The Saljuq and Mongol Periods. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 303–421. ISBN 978-1-139-05497-3.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) Chambers, James (1979). The Devil's Horsemen: The Mongol Invasion of Europe. New York: Atheneum. ISBN 978-0-6891-0942-3.
Atwood 2004, p. 2; Buell 2003, p. 51; Boyle 1968, p. 348. Atwood, Christopher P. (2004). Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire. New York: Facts on File. ISBN 978-0-8160-4671-3. Retrieved 2 March 2022. Buell, Paul D. (2003). Historical Dictionary of the Mongol World Empire. Lanham: The Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-4571-8. Boyle, John Andrew (1968). "Dynastic and Political History of the Il-khans". In Boyle, J. A. (ed.). The Cambridge History of Iran. Vol. 5: The Saljuq and Mongol Periods. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 303–421. ISBN 978-1-139-05497-3.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
Buell 2003, p. 52; Atwood 2004, pp. 28–29; Boyle 1968, p. 348. Buell, Paul D. (2003). Historical Dictionary of the Mongol World Empire. Lanham: The Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-4571-8. Atwood, Christopher P. (2004). Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire. New York: Facts on File. ISBN 978-0-8160-4671-3. Retrieved 2 March 2022. Boyle, John Andrew (1968). "Dynastic and Political History of the Il-khans". In Boyle, J. A. (ed.). The Cambridge History of Iran. Vol. 5: The Saljuq and Mongol Periods. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 303–421. ISBN 978-1-139-05497-3.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
Atwood 2004, p. 29; Boyle 1968, p. 348; May 2018, p. 166. Atwood, Christopher P. (2004). Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire. New York: Facts on File. ISBN 978-0-8160-4671-3. Retrieved 2 March 2022. Boyle, John Andrew (1968). "Dynastic and Political History of the Il-khans". In Boyle, J. A. (ed.). The Cambridge History of Iran. Vol. 5: The Saljuq and Mongol Periods. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 303–421. ISBN 978-1-139-05497-3.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) May, Timothy (2018). The Mongol Empire. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 978-0-7486-4237-3.
Atwood 2004, p. 28; Chambers 1979, p. 145; Boyle 1968, p. 348. Atwood, Christopher P. (2004). Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire. New York: Facts on File. ISBN 978-0-8160-4671-3. Retrieved 2 March 2022. Chambers, James (1979). The Devil's Horsemen: The Mongol Invasion of Europe. New York: Atheneum. ISBN 978-0-6891-0942-3. Boyle, John Andrew (1968). "Dynastic and Political History of the Il-khans". In Boyle, J. A. (ed.). The Cambridge History of Iran. Vol. 5: The Saljuq and Mongol Periods. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 303–421. ISBN 978-1-139-05497-3.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
Jackson 2017, p. 128; Boyle 1968, p. 348. Jackson, Peter (2017). The Mongols and the Islamic World: From Conquest to Conversion. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-3001-2533-7. Boyle, John Andrew (1968). "Dynastic and Political History of the Il-khans". In Boyle, J. A. (ed.). The Cambridge History of Iran. Vol. 5: The Saljuq and Mongol Periods. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 303–421. ISBN 978-1-139-05497-3.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
Boyle 1968, p. 348; Jackson 2017, p. 167; Atwood 2004, p. 29; Marozzi 2014, chapter 5. Boyle, John Andrew (1968). "Dynastic and Political History of the Il-khans". In Boyle, J. A. (ed.). The Cambridge History of Iran. Vol. 5: The Saljuq and Mongol Periods. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 303–421. ISBN 978-1-139-05497-3.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) Jackson, Peter (2017). The Mongols and the Islamic World: From Conquest to Conversion. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-3001-2533-7. Atwood, Christopher P. (2004). Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire. New York: Facts on File. ISBN 978-0-8160-4671-3. Retrieved 2 March 2022. Marozzi, Justin (2014). Baghdad: City of Peace, City of Blood. London: Penguin UK. ISBN 978-0-1419-4804-1.
Boyle 1968, p. 348. Boyle, John Andrew (1968). "Dynastic and Political History of the Il-khans". In Boyle, J. A. (ed.). The Cambridge History of Iran. Vol. 5: The Saljuq and Mongol Periods. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 303–421. ISBN 978-1-139-05497-3.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
Boyle 1968, pp. 348–349; Chambers 1979, p. 145; Atwood 2004, p. 226; Hodous 2020, p. 35. Boyle, John Andrew (1968). "Dynastic and Political History of the Il-khans". In Boyle, J. A. (ed.). The Cambridge History of Iran. Vol. 5: The Saljuq and Mongol Periods. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 303–421. ISBN 978-1-139-05497-3.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) Chambers, James (1979). The Devil's Horsemen: The Mongol Invasion of Europe. New York: Atheneum. ISBN 978-0-6891-0942-3. Atwood, Christopher P. (2004). Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire. New York: Facts on File. ISBN 978-0-8160-4671-3. Retrieved 2 March 2022. Hodous, Florence (2020). "Guo Kan: Military Exchanges between China and the Middle East". In Biran, Michal; Brack, Jonathan; Fiaschetti, Francesca (eds.). Along the Silk Roads in Mongol Eurasia: Generals, Merchants, and Intellectuals (1st ed.). Oakland: University of California Press. pp. 27–43. doi:10.2307/j.ctv125jrx5.7. ISBN 978-0-520-29875-0. JSTOR j.ctv125jrx5.7.
Jackson 2017, p. 129; Morgan 1986, p. 133; Boyle 1968, p. 348; May 2018, p. 166. Jackson, Peter (2017). The Mongols and the Islamic World: From Conquest to Conversion. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-3001-2533-7. Morgan, David (1986). The Mongols. The Peoples of Europe. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing. ISBN 978-0-6311-7563-6. Boyle, John Andrew (1968). "Dynastic and Political History of the Il-khans". In Boyle, J. A. (ed.). The Cambridge History of Iran. Vol. 5: The Saljuq and Mongol Periods. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 303–421. ISBN 978-1-139-05497-3.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) May, Timothy (2018). The Mongol Empire. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 978-0-7486-4237-3.
Lane 2003, pp. 34–35; Boyle 1968, p. 349; Chambers 1979, p. 145. Lane, George (2003). Early Mongol Rule in Thirteenth-Century Iran: A Persian Renaissance. London: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-4152-9750-9. Boyle, John Andrew (1968). "Dynastic and Political History of the Il-khans". In Boyle, J. A. (ed.). The Cambridge History of Iran. Vol. 5: The Saljuq and Mongol Periods. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 303–421. ISBN 978-1-139-05497-3.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) Chambers, James (1979). The Devil's Horsemen: The Mongol Invasion of Europe. New York: Atheneum. ISBN 978-0-6891-0942-3.
Boyle 1968, p. 349; Atwood 2004, p. 29. Boyle, John Andrew (1968). "Dynastic and Political History of the Il-khans". In Boyle, J. A. (ed.). The Cambridge History of Iran. Vol. 5: The Saljuq and Mongol Periods. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 303–421. ISBN 978-1-139-05497-3.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) Atwood, Christopher P. (2004). Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire. New York: Facts on File. ISBN 978-0-8160-4671-3. Retrieved 2 March 2022.

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Smith 1975, pp. 277–278. Smith, John Masson (1975). "Mongol Manpower and Persian Population". Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient. 18 (3): 271–299. doi:10.2307/3632138.
Lane 2003, pp. 18–19; Hodous 2020, p. 30; Atwood 2004, p. 255; Jackson 2017, pp. 126–127. Lane, George (2003). Early Mongol Rule in Thirteenth-Century Iran: A Persian Renaissance. London: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-4152-9750-9. Hodous, Florence (2020). "Guo Kan: Military Exchanges between China and the Middle East". In Biran, Michal; Brack, Jonathan; Fiaschetti, Francesca (eds.). Along the Silk Roads in Mongol Eurasia: Generals, Merchants, and Intellectuals (1st ed.). Oakland: University of California Press. pp. 27–43. doi:10.2307/j.ctv125jrx5.7. ISBN 978-0-520-29875-0. JSTOR j.ctv125jrx5.7. Atwood, Christopher P. (2004). Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire. New York: Facts on File. ISBN 978-0-8160-4671-3. Retrieved 2 March 2022. Jackson, Peter (2017). The Mongols and the Islamic World: From Conquest to Conversion. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-3001-2533-7.
Jackson 2017, p. 172; Brack, Biran & Amitai 2024. Jackson, Peter (2017). The Mongols and the Islamic World: From Conquest to Conversion. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-3001-2533-7. Brack, Jonathan; Biran, Michal; Amitai, Reuven (2024). "Plague and the Mongol conquest of Baghdad (1258)? A reevaluation of the sources". Medical History: 1–19. doi:10.1017/mdh.2023.38.
Green 2020, pp. 1621–1623; Frankopan 2024, p. 294. Green, Monica H. (2020). "Four Black Deaths". The American Historical Review. 125 (5): 1601–1631. doi:10.1093/ahr/rhaa511. Frankopan, Peter (2024). The Earth Transformed: An Untold History. London: Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 978-1-5266-2257-0.
Green 2020, p. 1627; Frankopan 2024, p. 294. Green, Monica H. (2020). "Four Black Deaths". The American Historical Review. 125 (5): 1601–1631. doi:10.1093/ahr/rhaa511. Frankopan, Peter (2024). The Earth Transformed: An Untold History. London: Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 978-1-5266-2257-0.
Boyle 1968, pp. 348–349; Chambers 1979, p. 145; Atwood 2004, p. 226; Hodous 2020, p. 35. Boyle, John Andrew (1968). "Dynastic and Political History of the Il-khans". In Boyle, J. A. (ed.). The Cambridge History of Iran. Vol. 5: The Saljuq and Mongol Periods. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 303–421. ISBN 978-1-139-05497-3.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) Chambers, James (1979). The Devil's Horsemen: The Mongol Invasion of Europe. New York: Atheneum. ISBN 978-0-6891-0942-3. Atwood, Christopher P. (2004). Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire. New York: Facts on File. ISBN 978-0-8160-4671-3. Retrieved 2 March 2022. Hodous, Florence (2020). "Guo Kan: Military Exchanges between China and the Middle East". In Biran, Michal; Brack, Jonathan; Fiaschetti, Francesca (eds.). Along the Silk Roads in Mongol Eurasia: Generals, Merchants, and Intellectuals (1st ed.). Oakland: University of California Press. pp. 27–43. doi:10.2307/j.ctv125jrx5.7. ISBN 978-0-520-29875-0. JSTOR j.ctv125jrx5.7.
Biran 2019, p. 465; Al-Khalili 2012, chapter 12: Decline and Renaissance. Biran, Michal (2019). "Libraries, Books, and Transmission of Knowledge in Ilkhanid Baghdad". Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient. 62 (2–3): 464–502. doi:10.1163/15685209-12341485. JSTOR 26673137.
Biran 2019, pp. 470–472. Biran, Michal (2019). "Libraries, Books, and Transmission of Knowledge in Ilkhanid Baghdad". Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient. 62 (2–3): 464–502. doi:10.1163/15685209-12341485. JSTOR 26673137.
Biran 2016, p. 150; Biran 2019, pp. 494–495. Biran, Michal (2016). "Music in the Mongol Conquest of Baghdad: Ṣafī al-Dīn Urmawī and the Ilkhanid Circle of Musicians". In De Nicola, Bruno; Melville, Charles (eds.). The Mongols' Middle East: Continuity and Transformation in Ilkhanid Iran. Islamic History and Civilization. Vol. 127. Leiden: Brill. ISBN 978-9-0043-1199-2. Biran, Michal (2019). "Libraries, Books, and Transmission of Knowledge in Ilkhanid Baghdad". Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient. 62 (2–3): 464–502. doi:10.1163/15685209-12341485. JSTOR 26673137.

jstor.org

Jackson 2017, pp. 81–82; Atwood 2004, p. 2; Boyle 1968, pp. 334–335. Jackson, Peter (2017). The Mongols and the Islamic World: From Conquest to Conversion. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-3001-2533-7. Atwood, Christopher P. (2004). Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire. New York: Facts on File. ISBN 978-0-8160-4671-3. Retrieved 2 March 2022. Boyle, John Andrew (1968). "Dynastic and Political History of the Il-khans". In Boyle, J. A. (ed.). The Cambridge History of Iran. Vol. 5: The Saljuq and Mongol Periods. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 303–421. ISBN 978-1-139-05497-3.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
Jackson 2017, pp. 82–83; Atwood 2004, p. 2. Jackson, Peter (2017). The Mongols and the Islamic World: From Conquest to Conversion. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-3001-2533-7. Atwood, Christopher P. (2004). Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire. New York: Facts on File. ISBN 978-0-8160-4671-3. Retrieved 2 March 2022.
Jackson 2017, pp. 83–85; Atwood 2004, p. 2. Jackson, Peter (2017). The Mongols and the Islamic World: From Conquest to Conversion. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-3001-2533-7. Atwood, Christopher P. (2004). Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire. New York: Facts on File. ISBN 978-0-8160-4671-3. Retrieved 2 March 2022.
Jackson 2017, p. 125; Atwood 2004, p. 255; Morgan 1986, p. 130; Biran 2012, pp. 78–79. Jackson, Peter (2017). The Mongols and the Islamic World: From Conquest to Conversion. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-3001-2533-7. Atwood, Christopher P. (2004). Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire. New York: Facts on File. ISBN 978-0-8160-4671-3. Retrieved 2 March 2022. Morgan, David (1986). The Mongols. The Peoples of Europe. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing. ISBN 978-0-6311-7563-6. Biran, Michal (2012). Genghis Khan. Makers of the Muslim World. London: Oneworld Publications. ISBN 978-1-7807-4204-5.
May 2018, pp. 144–145; Atwood 2004, p. 363. May, Timothy (2018). The Mongol Empire. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 978-0-7486-4237-3. Atwood, Christopher P. (2004). Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire. New York: Facts on File. ISBN 978-0-8160-4671-3. Retrieved 2 March 2022.
May 2018, p. 159; Jackson 2017, p. 125; Boyle 1968, p. 340; Lane 2003, p. 23. May, Timothy (2018). The Mongol Empire. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 978-0-7486-4237-3. Jackson, Peter (2017). The Mongols and the Islamic World: From Conquest to Conversion. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-3001-2533-7. Boyle, John Andrew (1968). "Dynastic and Political History of the Il-khans". In Boyle, J. A. (ed.). The Cambridge History of Iran. Vol. 5: The Saljuq and Mongol Periods. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 303–421. ISBN 978-1-139-05497-3.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) Lane, George (2003). Early Mongol Rule in Thirteenth-Century Iran: A Persian Renaissance. London: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-4152-9750-9.
Smith 1975, pp. 277–278. Smith, John Masson (1975). "Mongol Manpower and Persian Population". Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient. 18 (3): 271–299. doi:10.2307/3632138.
Lane 2003, pp. 18–19; Hodous 2020, p. 30; Atwood 2004, p. 255; Jackson 2017, pp. 126–127. Lane, George (2003). Early Mongol Rule in Thirteenth-Century Iran: A Persian Renaissance. London: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-4152-9750-9. Hodous, Florence (2020). "Guo Kan: Military Exchanges between China and the Middle East". In Biran, Michal; Brack, Jonathan; Fiaschetti, Francesca (eds.). Along the Silk Roads in Mongol Eurasia: Generals, Merchants, and Intellectuals (1st ed.). Oakland: University of California Press. pp. 27–43. doi:10.2307/j.ctv125jrx5.7. ISBN 978-0-520-29875-0. JSTOR j.ctv125jrx5.7. Atwood, Christopher P. (2004). Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire. New York: Facts on File. ISBN 978-0-8160-4671-3. Retrieved 2 March 2022. Jackson, Peter (2017). The Mongols and the Islamic World: From Conquest to Conversion. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-3001-2533-7.
Boyle 1968, p. 341; Jackson 2017, pp. 126–127. Boyle, John Andrew (1968). "Dynastic and Political History of the Il-khans". In Boyle, J. A. (ed.). The Cambridge History of Iran. Vol. 5: The Saljuq and Mongol Periods. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 303–421. ISBN 978-1-139-05497-3.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) Jackson, Peter (2017). The Mongols and the Islamic World: From Conquest to Conversion. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-3001-2533-7.
Boyle 1968, p. 342; May 2018, p. 163; Atwood 2004, p. 255. Boyle, John Andrew (1968). "Dynastic and Political History of the Il-khans". In Boyle, J. A. (ed.). The Cambridge History of Iran. Vol. 5: The Saljuq and Mongol Periods. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 303–421. ISBN 978-1-139-05497-3.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) May, Timothy (2018). The Mongol Empire. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 978-0-7486-4237-3. Atwood, Christopher P. (2004). Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire. New York: Facts on File. ISBN 978-0-8160-4671-3. Retrieved 2 March 2022.
Atwood 2004, p. 255; Lane 2003, pp. 24–25; Jackson 2017, p. 127; Boyle 1968, pp. 342–344. Atwood, Christopher P. (2004). Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire. New York: Facts on File. ISBN 978-0-8160-4671-3. Retrieved 2 March 2022. Lane, George (2003). Early Mongol Rule in Thirteenth-Century Iran: A Persian Renaissance. London: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-4152-9750-9. Jackson, Peter (2017). The Mongols and the Islamic World: From Conquest to Conversion. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-3001-2533-7. Boyle, John Andrew (1968). "Dynastic and Political History of the Il-khans". In Boyle, J. A. (ed.). The Cambridge History of Iran. Vol. 5: The Saljuq and Mongol Periods. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 303–421. ISBN 978-1-139-05497-3.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
Boyle 1968, pp. 344–345; Jackson 2017, p. 127. Boyle, John Andrew (1968). "Dynastic and Political History of the Il-khans". In Boyle, J. A. (ed.). The Cambridge History of Iran. Vol. 5: The Saljuq and Mongol Periods. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 303–421. ISBN 978-1-139-05497-3.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) Jackson, Peter (2017). The Mongols and the Islamic World: From Conquest to Conversion. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-3001-2533-7.
Jackson 2017, p. 128; Lane 2003, p. 30. Jackson, Peter (2017). The Mongols and the Islamic World: From Conquest to Conversion. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-3001-2533-7. Lane, George (2003). Early Mongol Rule in Thirteenth-Century Iran: A Persian Renaissance. London: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-4152-9750-9.
Chambers 1979, p. 143; Boyle 1968, pp. 345–346; Bai︠a︡rsaĭkhan 2011, p. 129. Chambers, James (1979). The Devil's Horsemen: The Mongol Invasion of Europe. New York: Atheneum. ISBN 978-0-6891-0942-3. Boyle, John Andrew (1968). "Dynastic and Political History of the Il-khans". In Boyle, J. A. (ed.). The Cambridge History of Iran. Vol. 5: The Saljuq and Mongol Periods. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 303–421. ISBN 978-1-139-05497-3.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) Bai︠a︡rsaĭkhan, D. (2011). The Mongols and the Armenians (1220-1335). Leiden: Brill. ISBN 978-9-0041-8635-4. JSTOR 10.1163/j.ctt1w8h10n.
Jackson 2017, p. 128; Lane 2003, p. 30; Boyle 1968, p. 346. Jackson, Peter (2017). The Mongols and the Islamic World: From Conquest to Conversion. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-3001-2533-7. Lane, George (2003). Early Mongol Rule in Thirteenth-Century Iran: A Persian Renaissance. London: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-4152-9750-9. Boyle, John Andrew (1968). "Dynastic and Political History of the Il-khans". In Boyle, J. A. (ed.). The Cambridge History of Iran. Vol. 5: The Saljuq and Mongol Periods. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 303–421. ISBN 978-1-139-05497-3.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
Jackson 2017, p. 128; Chambers 1979, p. 144. Jackson, Peter (2017). The Mongols and the Islamic World: From Conquest to Conversion. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-3001-2533-7. Chambers, James (1979). The Devil's Horsemen: The Mongol Invasion of Europe. New York: Atheneum. ISBN 978-0-6891-0942-3.
Jackson 2017, p. 129; Boyle 1968, p. 346. Jackson, Peter (2017). The Mongols and the Islamic World: From Conquest to Conversion. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-3001-2533-7. Boyle, John Andrew (1968). "Dynastic and Political History of the Il-khans". In Boyle, J. A. (ed.). The Cambridge History of Iran. Vol. 5: The Saljuq and Mongol Periods. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 303–421. ISBN 978-1-139-05497-3.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
Boyle 1968, pp. 346–347; Jackson 2017, p. 128. Boyle, John Andrew (1968). "Dynastic and Political History of the Il-khans". In Boyle, J. A. (ed.). The Cambridge History of Iran. Vol. 5: The Saljuq and Mongol Periods. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 303–421. ISBN 978-1-139-05497-3.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) Jackson, Peter (2017). The Mongols and the Islamic World: From Conquest to Conversion. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-3001-2533-7.
Bai︠a︡rsaĭkhan 2011, p. 129 Bai︠a︡rsaĭkhan, D. (2011). The Mongols and the Armenians (1220-1335). Leiden: Brill. ISBN 978-9-0041-8635-4. JSTOR 10.1163/j.ctt1w8h10n.
Atwood 2004, p. 29; Boyle 1968, p. 348; May 2018, p. 166. Atwood, Christopher P. (2004). Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire. New York: Facts on File. ISBN 978-0-8160-4671-3. Retrieved 2 March 2022. Boyle, John Andrew (1968). "Dynastic and Political History of the Il-khans". In Boyle, J. A. (ed.). The Cambridge History of Iran. Vol. 5: The Saljuq and Mongol Periods. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 303–421. ISBN 978-1-139-05497-3.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) May, Timothy (2018). The Mongol Empire. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 978-0-7486-4237-3.
Jackson 2017, p. 128; Boyle 1968, p. 348. Jackson, Peter (2017). The Mongols and the Islamic World: From Conquest to Conversion. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-3001-2533-7. Boyle, John Andrew (1968). "Dynastic and Political History of the Il-khans". In Boyle, J. A. (ed.). The Cambridge History of Iran. Vol. 5: The Saljuq and Mongol Periods. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 303–421. ISBN 978-1-139-05497-3.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
Jackson 2017, p. 167; Chambers 1979, p. 145. Jackson, Peter (2017). The Mongols and the Islamic World: From Conquest to Conversion. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-3001-2533-7. Chambers, James (1979). The Devil's Horsemen: The Mongol Invasion of Europe. New York: Atheneum. ISBN 978-0-6891-0942-3.
Boyle 1968, p. 348; Jackson 2017, p. 167; Atwood 2004, p. 29; Marozzi 2014, chapter 5. Boyle, John Andrew (1968). "Dynastic and Political History of the Il-khans". In Boyle, J. A. (ed.). The Cambridge History of Iran. Vol. 5: The Saljuq and Mongol Periods. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 303–421. ISBN 978-1-139-05497-3.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) Jackson, Peter (2017). The Mongols and the Islamic World: From Conquest to Conversion. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-3001-2533-7. Atwood, Christopher P. (2004). Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire. New York: Facts on File. ISBN 978-0-8160-4671-3. Retrieved 2 March 2022. Marozzi, Justin (2014). Baghdad: City of Peace, City of Blood. London: Penguin UK. ISBN 978-0-1419-4804-1.
Jackson 2017, p. 167; Atwood 2004, p. 226. Jackson, Peter (2017). The Mongols and the Islamic World: From Conquest to Conversion. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-3001-2533-7. Atwood, Christopher P. (2004). Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire. New York: Facts on File. ISBN 978-0-8160-4671-3. Retrieved 2 March 2022.
Jackson 2017, p. 172; Brack, Biran & Amitai 2024. Jackson, Peter (2017). The Mongols and the Islamic World: From Conquest to Conversion. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-3001-2533-7. Brack, Jonathan; Biran, Michal; Amitai, Reuven (2024). "Plague and the Mongol conquest of Baghdad (1258)? A reevaluation of the sources". Medical History: 1–19. doi:10.1017/mdh.2023.38.
Boyle 1968, pp. 348–349; Chambers 1979, p. 145; Atwood 2004, p. 226; Hodous 2020, p. 35. Boyle, John Andrew (1968). "Dynastic and Political History of the Il-khans". In Boyle, J. A. (ed.). The Cambridge History of Iran. Vol. 5: The Saljuq and Mongol Periods. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 303–421. ISBN 978-1-139-05497-3.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) Chambers, James (1979). The Devil's Horsemen: The Mongol Invasion of Europe. New York: Atheneum. ISBN 978-0-6891-0942-3. Atwood, Christopher P. (2004). Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire. New York: Facts on File. ISBN 978-0-8160-4671-3. Retrieved 2 March 2022. Hodous, Florence (2020). "Guo Kan: Military Exchanges between China and the Middle East". In Biran, Michal; Brack, Jonathan; Fiaschetti, Francesca (eds.). Along the Silk Roads in Mongol Eurasia: Generals, Merchants, and Intellectuals (1st ed.). Oakland: University of California Press. pp. 27–43. doi:10.2307/j.ctv125jrx5.7. ISBN 978-0-520-29875-0. JSTOR j.ctv125jrx5.7.
Jackson 2017, p. 129; Morgan 1986, p. 133; Boyle 1968, p. 348; May 2018, p. 166. Jackson, Peter (2017). The Mongols and the Islamic World: From Conquest to Conversion. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-3001-2533-7. Morgan, David (1986). The Mongols. The Peoples of Europe. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing. ISBN 978-0-6311-7563-6. Boyle, John Andrew (1968). "Dynastic and Political History of the Il-khans". In Boyle, J. A. (ed.). The Cambridge History of Iran. Vol. 5: The Saljuq and Mongol Periods. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 303–421. ISBN 978-1-139-05497-3.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) May, Timothy (2018). The Mongol Empire. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 978-0-7486-4237-3.
Jackson 2017, pp. 128–129; Atwood 2004, p. 29; Morgan 1986, p. 133. Jackson, Peter (2017). The Mongols and the Islamic World: From Conquest to Conversion. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-3001-2533-7. Atwood, Christopher P. (2004). Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire. New York: Facts on File. ISBN 978-0-8160-4671-3. Retrieved 2 March 2022. Morgan, David (1986). The Mongols. The Peoples of Europe. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing. ISBN 978-0-6311-7563-6.
Biran 2012, p. 79; Jackson 2017, p. 129. Biran, Michal (2012). Genghis Khan. Makers of the Muslim World. London: Oneworld Publications. ISBN 978-1-7807-4204-5. Jackson, Peter (2017). The Mongols and the Islamic World: From Conquest to Conversion. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-3001-2533-7.
Morgan 1986, pp. 133–134; Jackson 2017, p. 129. Morgan, David (1986). The Mongols. The Peoples of Europe. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing. ISBN 978-0-6311-7563-6. Jackson, Peter (2017). The Mongols and the Islamic World: From Conquest to Conversion. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-3001-2533-7.
Jackson 2017, p. 129. Jackson, Peter (2017). The Mongols and the Islamic World: From Conquest to Conversion. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-3001-2533-7.
Biran 2019, p. 465; Al-Khalili 2012, chapter 12: Decline and Renaissance. Biran, Michal (2019). "Libraries, Books, and Transmission of Knowledge in Ilkhanid Baghdad". Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient. 62 (2–3): 464–502. doi:10.1163/15685209-12341485. JSTOR 26673137.
Biran 2019, pp. 470–472. Biran, Michal (2019). "Libraries, Books, and Transmission of Knowledge in Ilkhanid Baghdad". Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient. 62 (2–3): 464–502. doi:10.1163/15685209-12341485. JSTOR 26673137.
Biran 2016, p. 150; Biran 2019, pp. 494–495. Biran, Michal (2016). "Music in the Mongol Conquest of Baghdad: Ṣafī al-Dīn Urmawī and the Ilkhanid Circle of Musicians". In De Nicola, Bruno; Melville, Charles (eds.). The Mongols' Middle East: Continuity and Transformation in Ilkhanid Iran. Islamic History and Civilization. Vol. 127. Leiden: Brill. ISBN 978-9-0043-1199-2. Biran, Michal (2019). "Libraries, Books, and Transmission of Knowledge in Ilkhanid Baghdad". Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient. 62 (2–3): 464–502. doi:10.1163/15685209-12341485. JSTOR 26673137.

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faculty.washington.edu

Marozzi 2014, chapter 4; Modelski 2007. Marozzi, Justin (2014). Baghdad: City of Peace, City of Blood. London: Penguin UK. ISBN 978-0-1419-4804-1. Modelski, George (29 September 2007). "Central Asian world cities? (XI – XIII century) A discussion paper". Archived from the original on 30 April 2011.

web.archive.org

Marozzi 2014, chapter 4; Modelski 2007. Marozzi, Justin (2014). Baghdad: City of Peace, City of Blood. London: Penguin UK. ISBN 978-0-1419-4804-1. Modelski, George (29 September 2007). "Central Asian world cities? (XI – XIII century) A discussion paper". Archived from the original on 30 April 2011.