Single transferable vote (English Wikipedia)

Australian Capital Territory Electoral Commission, Modified d'Hondt Electoral System Archived 20 September 2022 at the Wayback Machine
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"The Irish Senate elections of 1925". www.ark.ac.uk. Retrieved 30 January 2024.

arxiv.org (Global: 49^th place; English: 31^st place)

Peters, Dominik; Skowron, Piotr (2020). "Proportionality and the Limits of Welfarism". Proceedings of the 21st ACM Conference on Economics and Computation. EC'20. pp. 793–794. arXiv:1911.11747. doi:10.1145/3391403.3399465. ISBN 978-1-4503-7975-5. S2CID 208291203.
Lackner, Martin; Skowron, Piotr (2023). Multi-Winner Voting with Approval Preferences. SpringerBriefs in Intelligent Systems. arXiv:2007.01795. doi:10.1007/978-3-031-09016-5. ISBN 978-3-031-09015-8. S2CID 244921148.
Bardal, Tuva; Brill, Markus; McCune, David; Peters, Jannik (1 May 2025), Proportionality in Practice: Quantifying Proportionality in Ordinal Elections, arXiv:2505.00520, retrieved 20 December 2025

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"Portland, Maine, Question 4, Proportional Ranked-Choice Voting Amendment (November 2022)". Ballotpedia. Retrieved 20 November 2022.

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collectionscanada.gc.ca (Global: 908^th place; English: 490^th place)

Jansen, Harold (1998). "The Single Transferable Vote in Aiberta and Manitoba" (PDF).

congress.gov (Global: 392^nd place; English: 262^nd place)

Donald, Beyer (14 July 2017). "H.R.3057 – 115th Congress (2017–2018): Fair Representation Act". Congress.gov.

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Elklit, Jørgen (4 February 2009). "Andræs metode | Gyldendal – Den Store Danske". denstoredanske.dk. Archived from the original on 6 March 2016.

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Gallagher, Michael (1992). "Comparing Proportional Representation Electoral Systems: Quotas, Thresholds, Paradoxes and Majorities". British Journal of Political Science. 22 (4): 469–496. doi:10.1017/S0007123400006499. ISSN 0007-1234. JSTOR 194023.
Peters, Dominik; Skowron, Piotr (2020). "Proportionality and the Limits of Welfarism". Proceedings of the 21st ACM Conference on Economics and Computation. EC'20. pp. 793–794. arXiv:1911.11747. doi:10.1145/3391403.3399465. ISBN 978-1-4503-7975-5. S2CID 208291203.
Lackner, Martin; Skowron, Piotr (2023). Multi-Winner Voting with Approval Preferences. SpringerBriefs in Intelligent Systems. arXiv:2007.01795. doi:10.1007/978-3-031-09016-5. ISBN 978-3-031-09015-8. S2CID 244921148.
Fujimura, Naofumi (2017). "Running Multiple Candidates, Dividing the Vote Under the Single Nontransferable Vote System: Evidence From Japan's Upper House Elections". Asian Politics & Policy. 9 (3): 402–426. doi:10.1111/aspp.12331. hdl:20.500.14094/90004780. ISSN 1943-0787.
Newland 1984. Newland, Robert A. (1984). "The STV Quota". Representation. 24 (95): 14–17. doi:10.1080/00344898408459347. ISSN 0034-4893.
Hill, Wichmann & Woodall 1987. Hill, I. D.; Wichmann, B. A.; Woodall, D. R. (1987). "Algorithm 123: Single Transferable Vote by Meek's Method". The Computer Journal. 30 (3): 277–281. doi:10.1093/comjnl/30.3.277. ISSN 1460-2067.
Tideman, Nicolaus (March 1995). "The Single Transferable Vote". Journal of Economic Perspectives. 9 (1): 27–38. doi:10.1257/jep.9.1.27. ISSN 0895-3309.
Gosnell, Harold F. (February 1926). "An Irish Free State Senate Election" (PDF). American Political Science Review. 20 (1): 117–120. doi:10.2307/1945103. JSTOR 1945103.

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"Fordelingen af mandater ved folketingsvalget den 1. november 2022" [The distribution of seats in the general election on November 1, 2022] (PDF) (in Danish). Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 December 2022.

dualvoting.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Björn Benken: What is Dual Level Voting?, retrieved on 14 May 2022.

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"Single Transferable Vote Resists Strategic Voting" (PDF). Retrieved 27 February 2023.

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"A short history of STV in the US". www.electoral-reform.org.uk.
"Our mission". Electoral Reform Society. Archived from the original on 12 February 2013.
"Do all countries have by-elections? Filling parliamentary vacancies around the world". www.electoral-reform.org.uk. Retrieved 23 June 2022.
Curtice 2012, p. 22. Curtice, John (2012). "2012 Scottish Local Government Elections" (PDF). Electoral Reform Society. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 September 2015. Retrieved 30 August 2017.
Curtice 2012, p. 13. Curtice, John (2012). "2012 Scottish Local Government Elections" (PDF). Electoral Reform Society. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 September 2015. Retrieved 30 August 2017.
Curtice 2012, p. 14. Curtice, John (2012). "2012 Scottish Local Government Elections" (PDF). Electoral Reform Society. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 September 2015. Retrieved 30 August 2017.
Curtice 2012, pp. 17–18. Curtice, John (2012). "2012 Scottish Local Government Elections" (PDF). Electoral Reform Society. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 September 2015. Retrieved 30 August 2017.
Curtice 2012, pp. 15–16. Curtice, John (2012). "2012 Scottish Local Government Elections" (PDF). Electoral Reform Society. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 September 2015. Retrieved 30 August 2017.
"2007 Scottish local elections" https://www.electoral-reform.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/2007-Scottish-local-elections.pdf
Curtice 2012, p. 23. Curtice, John (2012). "2012 Scottish Local Government Elections" (PDF). Electoral Reform Society. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 September 2015. Retrieved 30 August 2017.

en.wikisource.org (Global: 82^nd place; English: 41^st place)

Bagehot 1894, p. 158. Bagehot, Walter (1894) [1867]. The English Constitution (7th ed.). London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner & Co. – via Wikisource.

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Grofman, Bernard; et al. "Electoral systems change in Estonia" (PDF). Retrieved 27 February 2023.

fairvote.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Proportional Representation in New York City, 1936–1947".
FairVote.org (3 May 2019). "Learning from the past to prepare for the future: RCV in NYC". FairVote. Retrieved 14 May 2019.
"Proportional Ranked Choice Voting". FairVote.
"Ranked Choice Voting". FairVote.

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Santucci, Jon M. (15 May 2017). "Three Articles on Proportional Representation in American Cities (with an Introduction)" (PDF).

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electoral.gov.mt

"Malta Councils Election".
"Electoral Commission of Malta – General Election". Retrieved 21 May 2024.
"Electoral Commission of Malta".

localgovernmentdivision.gov.mt

"Mayor and Councillors". localgovernmentdivision.gov.mt (in Maltese). Archived from the original on 11 December 2023. Retrieved 30 January 2024.
"Mayor and Councillors".

hdl.handle.net (Global: 66^th place; English: 34^th place)

Fujimura, Naofumi (2017). "Running Multiple Candidates, Dividing the Vote Under the Single Nontransferable Vote System: Evidence From Japan's Upper House Elections". Asian Politics & Policy. 9 (3): 402–426. doi:10.1111/aspp.12331. hdl:20.500.14094/90004780. ISSN 1943-0787.

hw.ac.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

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"Examples of STV elections". Heriot-Watt University.

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"Local Elections Regulations, 1965. Section 87". S.I. No. 128/1965 – Local Elections Regulations, 1965.

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Irish Times "Election 2020 Dublin Bay South" https://www.irishtimes.com/election2020/dublin-bay-south
Irish Times "Election 2020 Wexford" https://www.irishtimes.com/election2020/wexford

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In America, why does proportional voting have to attack political parties? Jack Santucci, April 5, 2018

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Eisner, Jason (2015). Indirect STV Election: A Voting System for South Africa (PDF) (Report). Retrieved 27 February 2023.

jstor.org (Global: 23^rd place; English: 15^th place)

Gallagher, Michael (1992). "Comparing Proportional Representation Electoral Systems: Quotas, Thresholds, Paradoxes and Majorities". British Journal of Political Science. 22 (4): 469–496. doi:10.1017/S0007123400006499. ISSN 0007-1234. JSTOR 194023.
Gosnell, Harold F. (February 1926). "An Irish Free State Senate Election" (PDF). American Political Science Review. 20 (1): 117–120. doi:10.2307/1945103. JSTOR 1945103.

ltsh.de (Global: low place; English: low place)

landtag.ltsh.de

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Meek 1994a. Meek, B. L. (1994a). "A New Approach to the Single Transferable Vote. Paper I: Equality of Treatment of Voters and a Feedback Mechanism for Vote Counting". Voting Matters (1): 1–7. ISSN 1745-6231. Retrieved 30 August 2017.
Meek 1994b. ——— (1994b). "A New Approach to the Single Transferable Vote. Paper II: The Problem of Non-transferable Votes". Voting Matters (1): 7–11. ISSN 1745-6231. Retrieved 30 August 2017.

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vote.minneapolismn.gov

"What offices are elected using Ranked-Choice Voting?". What is Ranked-Choice Voting?. City of Minneapolis Elections & Voter Services. Archived from the original on 27 March 2019. Retrieved 31 December 2017.

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Model City Charter National Civic League

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"Which quota?" (PDF). prsa.org.au. Retrieved 27 February 2023.
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Gilmour, James (March 2021). "Review of some aspects the Single Transferable Voting system for local elections in Wales". ResearchGate. Retrieved 26 November 2022.
"Detailed description of the stv count in accordance with the rules in the scottish local government elections order 2007". Archived from the original on 27 November 2022. Retrieved 28 December 2024.

rte.ie (Global: 402^nd place; English: 211^th place)

Ireland 2010, p. 177. Ireland. Oireachtas. Joint Committee on the Constitution (2010). Article 16 of the Constitution: Review of the Electoral System for the Election of Members to Dáil Éireann (PDF). Dublin: Stationery Office. ISBN 978-1-4064-2501-7. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 January 2012. Retrieved 20 November 2010.

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Peters, Dominik; Skowron, Piotr (2020). "Proportionality and the Limits of Welfarism". Proceedings of the 21st ACM Conference on Economics and Computation. EC'20. pp. 793–794. arXiv:1911.11747. doi:10.1145/3391403.3399465. ISBN 978-1-4503-7975-5. S2CID 208291203.
Lackner, Martin; Skowron, Piotr (2023). Multi-Winner Voting with Approval Preferences. SpringerBriefs in Intelligent Systems. arXiv:2007.01795. doi:10.1007/978-3-031-09016-5. ISBN 978-3-031-09015-8. S2CID 244921148.

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Terry, Chris (5 April 2012). "Serving up a dog's breakfast". Electoral Reform Society. Archived from the original on 7 October 2017. Retrieved 21 November 2014.

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Ombler 2006. Ombler, Franz (2006). "Booklet Position Effects, and Two New statistics to Gauge Voter Understanding of the Need to Rank Candidates in Preferential Elections" (PDF). Voting Matters (21): 12–21. ISSN 1745-6231. Retrieved 30 August 2017.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

Australian Capital Territory Electoral Commission, Modified d'Hondt Electoral System Archived 20 September 2022 at the Wayback Machine
"Fact sheet – Ballot papers". Archived from the original on 4 March 2015.
"Making Every Vote Count – The Case for Electoral Reform in British Columbia" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 15 November 2017. Retrieved 12 January 2024.
"Mayor and Councillors". localgovernmentdivision.gov.mt (in Maltese). Archived from the original on 11 December 2023. Retrieved 30 January 2024.
Elklit, Jørgen (4 February 2009). "Andræs metode | Gyldendal – Den Store Danske". denstoredanske.dk. Archived from the original on 6 March 2016.
"Role and History of the Legislative Assembly". Parliament of New South Wales. Archived from the original on 23 April 2011. Retrieved 9 September 2014.
"1992 Referendum". www.elections.act.gov.au. 6 January 2015. Archived from the original on 5 June 2019. Retrieved 5 June 2019.
"Above the line voting". University of Western Australia. Archived from the original on 20 October 2017. Retrieved 21 November 2014.
Terry, Chris (5 April 2012). "Serving up a dog's breakfast". Electoral Reform Society. Archived from the original on 7 October 2017. Retrieved 21 November 2014.
"Detailed description of the stv count in accordance with the rules in the scottish local government elections order 2007". Archived from the original on 27 November 2022. Retrieved 28 December 2024.
Amherst Town Council. "Ranked-Choice Voting Commission Report". Archived from the original on 4 November 2021. Retrieved 4 November 2021.
"What offices are elected using Ranked-Choice Voting?". What is Ranked-Choice Voting?. City of Minneapolis Elections & Voter Services. Archived from the original on 27 March 2019. Retrieved 31 December 2017.
"Our mission". Electoral Reform Society. Archived from the original on 12 February 2013.
"Fordelingen af mandater ved folketingsvalget den 1. november 2022" [The distribution of seats in the general election on November 1, 2022] (PDF) (in Danish). Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 December 2022.
Ireland 2010, p. 177. Ireland. Oireachtas. Joint Committee on the Constitution (2010). Article 16 of the Constitution: Review of the Electoral System for the Election of Members to Dáil Éireann (PDF). Dublin: Stationery Office. ISBN 978-1-4064-2501-7. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 January 2012. Retrieved 20 November 2010.
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Curtice 2012, p. 22. Curtice, John (2012). "2012 Scottish Local Government Elections" (PDF). Electoral Reform Society. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 September 2015. Retrieved 30 August 2017.
Curtice 2012, p. 13. Curtice, John (2012). "2012 Scottish Local Government Elections" (PDF). Electoral Reform Society. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 September 2015. Retrieved 30 August 2017.
Curtice 2012, p. 14. Curtice, John (2012). "2012 Scottish Local Government Elections" (PDF). Electoral Reform Society. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 September 2015. Retrieved 30 August 2017.
Curtice 2012, pp. 17–18. Curtice, John (2012). "2012 Scottish Local Government Elections" (PDF). Electoral Reform Society. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 September 2015. Retrieved 30 August 2017.
Curtice 2012, pp. 15–16. Curtice, John (2012). "2012 Scottish Local Government Elections" (PDF). Electoral Reform Society. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 September 2015. Retrieved 30 August 2017.
Curtice 2012, p. 23. Curtice, John (2012). "2012 Scottish Local Government Elections" (PDF). Electoral Reform Society. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 September 2015. Retrieved 30 August 2017.

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Fujimura, Naofumi (2017). "Running Multiple Candidates, Dividing the Vote Under the Single Nontransferable Vote System: Evidence From Japan's Upper House Elections". Asian Politics & Policy. 9 (3): 402–426. doi:10.1111/aspp.12331. hdl:20.500.14094/90004780. ISSN 1943-0787.

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Gallagher, Michael (1992). "Comparing Proportional Representation Electoral Systems: Quotas, Thresholds, Paradoxes and Majorities". British Journal of Political Science. 22 (4): 469–496. doi:10.1017/S0007123400006499. ISSN 0007-1234. JSTOR 194023.
Fujimura, Naofumi (2017). "Running Multiple Candidates, Dividing the Vote Under the Single Nontransferable Vote System: Evidence From Japan's Upper House Elections". Asian Politics & Policy. 9 (3): 402–426. doi:10.1111/aspp.12331. hdl:20.500.14094/90004780. ISSN 1943-0787.
Newland 1984. Newland, Robert A. (1984). "The STV Quota". Representation. 24 (95): 14–17. doi:10.1080/00344898408459347. ISSN 0034-4893.
Hill, Wichmann & Woodall 1987. Hill, I. D.; Wichmann, B. A.; Woodall, D. R. (1987). "Algorithm 123: Single Transferable Vote by Meek's Method". The Computer Journal. 30 (3): 277–281. doi:10.1093/comjnl/30.3.277. ISSN 1460-2067.
Meek 1994a. Meek, B. L. (1994a). "A New Approach to the Single Transferable Vote. Paper I: Equality of Treatment of Voters and a Feedback Mechanism for Vote Counting". Voting Matters (1): 1–7. ISSN 1745-6231. Retrieved 30 August 2017.
Meek 1994b. ——— (1994b). "A New Approach to the Single Transferable Vote. Paper II: The Problem of Non-transferable Votes". Voting Matters (1): 7–11. ISSN 1745-6231. Retrieved 30 August 2017.
Tideman, Nicolaus (March 1995). "The Single Transferable Vote". Journal of Economic Perspectives. 9 (1): 27–38. doi:10.1257/jep.9.1.27. ISSN 0895-3309.
Ombler 2006. Ombler, Franz (2006). "Booklet Position Effects, and Two New statistics to Gauge Voter Understanding of the Need to Rank Candidates in Preferential Elections" (PDF). Voting Matters (21): 12–21. ISSN 1745-6231. Retrieved 30 August 2017.

Single transferable vote (English Wikipedia)

abc.net.au (Global: 120th place; English: 70th place)

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elections.act.gov.au

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ballotpedia.org (Global: 1,169th place; English: 548th place)

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cmu.edu (Global: 2,125th place; English: 1,347th place)

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collectionscanada.gc.ca (Global: 908th place; English: 490th place)

congress.gov (Global: 392nd place; English: 262nd place)

denstoredanske.dk (Global: 3,191st place; English: 2,438th place)

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doi.org (Global: 2nd place; English: 2nd place)

dst.dk (Global: 4,168th place; English: 5,590th place)

dualvoting.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

duke.edu (Global: 1,851st place; English: 1,041st place)

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escholarship.org (Global: 1,477th place; English: 863rd place)

fairvote.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

georgetown.edu (Global: 2,198th place; English: 1,338th place)

repository.library.georgetown.edu

gov.mt (Global: 3,034th place; English: 2,500th place)

electoral.gov.mt

localgovernmentdivision.gov.mt

hdl.handle.net (Global: 66th place; English: 34th place)

hw.ac.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

macs.hw.ac.uk

irishstatutebook.ie (Global: 2,741st place; English: 1,333rd place)

irishtimes.com (Global: 252nd place; English: 133rd place)

jacksantucci.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

jhu.edu (Global: 560th place; English: 313th place)

cs.jhu.edu

jstor.org (Global: 23rd place; English: 15th place)

ltsh.de (Global: low place; English: low place)

landtag.ltsh.de

mcdougall.org.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

minneapolismn.gov (Global: low place; English: 8,158th place)

vote.minneapolismn.gov

nationalcivicleague.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

nio.gov.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

nsw.gov.au (Global: 233rd place; English: 113th place)

parliament.nsw.gov.au

pastvtr.elections.nsw.gov.au

nzlii.org (Global: low place; English: 7,172nd place)

oireachtas.ie (Global: 2,338th place; English: 1,185th place)

data.oireachtas.ie

onlineopinion.com.au (Global: low place; English: low place)

opavote.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

prsa.org.au (Global: low place; English: low place)

rankedchoicevoting.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

researchgate.net (Global: 96th place; English: 89th place)

rte.ie (Global: 402nd place; English: 211th place)

scotland.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15th place; English: 8th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

speedster-it.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

devers2.speedster-it.com

statcan.gc.ca (Global: 285th place; English: 201st place)

www150.statcan.gc.ca

stuff.co.nz (Global: 387th place; English: 194th place)

stv.govt.nz (Global: low place; English: low place)

thespinoff.co.nz (Global: 5,074th place; English: 2,552nd place)

ubc.ca (Global: 1,820th place; English: 998th place)

citizensassembly.arts.ubc.ca

uk-engage.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

ukchristianparty.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

um.edu.mt (Global: 7,238th place; English: 4,319th place)

uwa.edu.au (Global: 5,877th place; English: 3,780th place)

abc.net.au (Global: 120^th place; English: 70^th place)

act.gov.au (Global: 5,810^th place; English: 3,181^st place)

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

ark.ac.uk (Global: 9,029^th place; English: 4,797^th place)

arxiv.org (Global: 49^th place; English: 31^st place)

austlii.edu.au (Global: 1,563^rd place; English: 725^th place)

ballotpedia.org (Global: 1,169^th place; English: 548^th place)

bbc.com (Global: 26^th place; English: 23^rd place)

cmu.edu (Global: 2,125^th place; English: 1,347^th place)

collectionscanada.gc.ca (Global: 908^th place; English: 490^th place)

congress.gov (Global: 392^nd place; English: 262^nd place)

denstoredanske.dk (Global: 3,191^st place; English: 2,438^th place)

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

dst.dk (Global: 4,168^th place; English: 5,590^th place)

duke.edu (Global: 1,851^st place; English: 1,041^st place)

elections.bc.ca (Global: 9,100^th place; English: 6,386^th place)

electionsireland.org (Global: 4,116^th place; English: 2,323^rd place)

en.wikisource.org (Global: 82^nd place; English: 41^st place)

escholarship.org (Global: 1,477^th place; English: 863^rd place)

georgetown.edu (Global: 2,198^th place; English: 1,338^th place)

gov.mt (Global: 3,034^th place; English: 2,500^th place)

hdl.handle.net (Global: 66^th place; English: 34^th place)

irishstatutebook.ie (Global: 2,741^st place; English: 1,333^rd place)

irishtimes.com (Global: 252^nd place; English: 133^rd place)

jhu.edu (Global: 560^th place; English: 313^th place)

jstor.org (Global: 23^rd place; English: 15^th place)

minneapolismn.gov (Global: low place; English: 8,158^th place)

nsw.gov.au (Global: 233^rd place; English: 113^th place)

nzlii.org (Global: low place; English: 7,172^nd place)

oireachtas.ie (Global: 2,338^th place; English: 1,185^th place)

researchgate.net (Global: 96^th place; English: 89^th place)

rte.ie (Global: 402^nd place; English: 211^th place)

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)

statcan.gc.ca (Global: 285^th place; English: 201^st place)

stuff.co.nz (Global: 387^th place; English: 194^th place)

thespinoff.co.nz (Global: 5,074^th place; English: 2,552^nd place)

ubc.ca (Global: 1,820^th place; English: 998^th place)

um.edu.mt (Global: 7,238^th place; English: 4,319^th place)

uwa.edu.au (Global: 5,877^th place; English: 3,780^th place)

vec.vic.gov.au (Global: low place; English: 6,456^th place)

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

wiley.com (Global: 150^th place; English: 174^th place)

worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)