Single transferable vote (English Wikipedia)

Australian Capital Territory Electoral Commission, Modified d'Hondt Electoral System Archived 20 September 2022 at the Wayback Machine
"Fact sheet – Ballot papers". Archived from the original on 4 March 2015.
"1992 Referendum". www.elections.act.gov.au. 6 January 2015. Archived from the original on 5 June 2019. Retrieved 5 June 2019.

amherstma.gov

Amherst Town Council. "Ranked-Choice Voting Commission Report". Archived from the original on 4 November 2021. Retrieved 4 November 2021.

archive.org

Report of the PR Congress, Chicago 1893, Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science. https://archive.org/details/jstor-1009042/page/n1/mode/2up accessed 6 March 2025
Wells 1918, pp. 121–129. Wells, H. G. (1918). In the Fourth Year: Anticipation of a World Peace. London: Chatto & Windus. Retrieved 6 May 2016 – via Internet Archive.

ark.ac.uk

"The Irish Senate elections of 1925". www.ark.ac.uk. Retrieved 30 January 2024.

arxiv.org

Peters, Dominik; Skowron, Piotr (2020). "Proportionality and the Limits of Welfarism". Proceedings of the 21st ACM Conference on Economics and Computation. EC'20. pp. 793–794. arXiv:1911.11747. doi:10.1145/3391403.3399465. ISBN 9781450379755. S2CID 208291203.
Lackner, Martin; Skowron, Piotr (2023). Multi-Winner Voting with Approval Preferences. SpringerBriefs in Intelligent Systems. arXiv:2007.01795. doi:10.1007/978-3-031-09016-5. ISBN 978-3-031-09015-8. S2CID 244921148.

austlii.edu.au

First Nations Voice Act 2023 (SA)

ballotbox.scot

Scotl, Ballot Box (5 August 2022). "LE22: STV, it's only 1, 2, 3?". Retrieved 27 February 2023.

ballotpedia.org

"Portland, Maine, Question 4, Proportional Ranked-Choice Voting Amendment (November 2022)". Ballotpedia. Retrieved 20 November 2022.

bbc.com

"Scotland council elections 2022: A really simple guide". 28 March 2022. Retrieved 30 January 2024.

cambridgema.gov

"ChoicePlus Pro Council Round 1 Report". www.cambridgema.gov. Retrieved 28 December 2024.

cmu.edu

stugov.andrew.cmu.edu

"Elect@CMU | About single transferable voting". Carnegie Mellon University.

collectionscanada.gc.ca

Jansen, Harold (1998). "The Single Transferable Vote in Aiberta and Manitoba" (PDF).

congress.gov

Donald, Beyer (14 July 2017). "H.R.3057 – 115th Congress (2017–2018): Fair Representation Act". Congress.gov.

denstoredanske.dk

"Andræs metode | Gyldendal – Den Store Danske". denstoredanske.dk. 4 February 2009.

dgund.com

Gund, Devin. "CMU Fair Ranked Voting".

doi.org

Gallagher, Michael (1992). "Comparing Proportional Representation Electoral Systems: Quotas, Thresholds, Paradoxes and Majorities". British Journal of Political Science. 22 (4): 469–496. doi:10.1017/S0007123400006499. ISSN 0007-1234. JSTOR 194023.
Peters, Dominik; Skowron, Piotr (2020). "Proportionality and the Limits of Welfarism". Proceedings of the 21st ACM Conference on Economics and Computation. EC'20. pp. 793–794. arXiv:1911.11747. doi:10.1145/3391403.3399465. ISBN 9781450379755. S2CID 208291203.
Lackner, Martin; Skowron, Piotr (2023). Multi-Winner Voting with Approval Preferences. SpringerBriefs in Intelligent Systems. arXiv:2007.01795. doi:10.1007/978-3-031-09016-5. ISBN 978-3-031-09015-8. S2CID 244921148.
Newland 1984. Newland, Robert A. (1984). "The STV Quota". Representation. 24 (95): 14–17. doi:10.1080/00344898408459347. ISSN 0034-4893.
Hill, Wichmann & Woodall 1987. Hill, I. D.; Wichmann, B. A.; Woodall, D. R. (1987). "Algorithm 123: Single Transferable Vote by Meek's Method". The Computer Journal. 30 (3): 277–281. doi:10.1093/comjnl/30.3.277. ISSN 1460-2067.
Tideman, Nicolaus (March 1995). "The Single Transferable Vote". Journal of Economic Perspectives. 9 (1): 27–38. doi:10.1257/jep.9.1.27. ISSN 0895-3309.

dst.dk

"Fordelingen af mandater ved folketingsvalget den 1. november 2022" [The distribution of seats in the general election on November 1, 2022] (PDF) (in Danish). Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 December 2022.

dualvoting.com

Björn Benken: What is Dual Level Voting?, retrieved on 14 May 2022.

duke.edu

courses.cs.duke.edu

"Single Transferable Vote Resists Strategic Voting" (PDF). Retrieved 27 February 2023.

elections.bc.ca

"Report of the Chief Electoral Office" (PDF).

elections.nz

"What is MMP?".

electionsireland.org

Cork North Central results 2024 https://www.electionsireland.org/result.cfm?election=2024&cons=57

electoral-reform.org.uk

"A short history of STV in the US". www.electoral-reform.org.uk.
"Our mission". Electoral Reform Society. Archived from the original on 12 February 2013.
"Do all countries have by-elections? Filling parliamentary vacancies around the world". www.electoral-reform.org.uk. Retrieved 23 June 2022.
Curtice 2012, p. 22. Curtice, John (2012). "2012 Scottish Local Government Elections" (PDF). Electoral Reform Society. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 September 2015. Retrieved 30 August 2017.
Curtice 2012, p. 13. Curtice, John (2012). "2012 Scottish Local Government Elections" (PDF). Electoral Reform Society. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 September 2015. Retrieved 30 August 2017.
Curtice 2012, p. 14. Curtice, John (2012). "2012 Scottish Local Government Elections" (PDF). Electoral Reform Society. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 September 2015. Retrieved 30 August 2017.
Curtice 2012, pp. 17–18. Curtice, John (2012). "2012 Scottish Local Government Elections" (PDF). Electoral Reform Society. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 September 2015. Retrieved 30 August 2017.
Curtice 2012, pp. 15–16. Curtice, John (2012). "2012 Scottish Local Government Elections" (PDF). Electoral Reform Society. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 September 2015. Retrieved 30 August 2017.
Curtice 2012, p. 23. Curtice, John (2012). "2012 Scottish Local Government Elections" (PDF). Electoral Reform Society. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 September 2015. Retrieved 30 August 2017.

escholarship.org

Grofman, Bernard; et al. "Electoral systems change in Estonia" (PDF). Retrieved 27 February 2023.

fairvote.org

"Proportional Representation in New York City, 1936–1947".
FairVote.org (3 May 2019). "Learning from the past to prepare for the future: RCV in NYC". FairVote. Retrieved 14 May 2019.
"Proportional Ranked Choice Voting". FairVote.
"Ranked Choice Voting". FairVote.

georgetown.edu

repository.library.georgetown.edu

Santucci, Jon M. (15 May 2017). "Three Articles on Proportional Representation in American Cities (with an Introduction)" (PDF).

gov.mt

electoral.gov.mt

"Malta Councils Election".
"Electoral Commission of Malta – General Election". Retrieved 21 May 2024.
"Electoral Commission of Malta".

localgovernmentdivision.gov.mt

"Mayor and Councillors". localgovernmentdivision.gov.mt (in Maltese). Archived from the original on 11 December 2023. Retrieved 30 January 2024.
"Mayor and Councillors".

hw.ac.uk

macs.hw.ac.uk

"Examples of STV elections". Heriot-Watt University.

irishstatutebook.ie

"Local Elections Regulations, 1965. Section 87". S.I. No. 128/1965 – Local Elections Regulations, 1965.

irishtimes.com

Irish Times "Election 2020 Dublin Bay South" https://www.irishtimes.com/election2020/dublin-bay-south
Irish Times "Election 2020 Wexford" https://www.irishtimes.com/election2020/wexford
Irish Times "Election 2020 Dublin Bay South" https://www.irishtimes.com/election2020/dublin-bay-south
Irish Times "Election 2020 Dublin Bay South" https://www.irishtimes.com/election2020/dublin-bay-south
Irish Times "Election 2020 Dublin Bay South" https://www.irishtimes.com/election2020/dublin-bay-south

jhu.edu

cs.jhu.edu

Eisner, Jason (2015). Indirect STV Election: A Voting System for South Africa (PDF) (Report). Retrieved 27 February 2023.

jstor.org

Gallagher, Michael (1992). "Comparing Proportional Representation Electoral Systems: Quotas, Thresholds, Paradoxes and Majorities". British Journal of Political Science. 22 (4): 469–496. doi:10.1017/S0007123400006499. ISSN 0007-1234. JSTOR 194023.

ltsh.de

landtag.ltsh.de

German state parliament faction of the pirates in Schleswig-Holstein: Alternativen zum Gesetzentwurf aus Drucksache 18/385, 4 November 2013, in German

mcdougall.org.uk

Meek 1994a. Meek, B. L. (1994a). "A New Approach to the Single Transferable Vote. Paper I: Equality of Treatment of Voters and a Feedback Mechanism for Vote Counting". Voting Matters (1): 1–7. ISSN 1745-6231. Retrieved 30 August 2017.
Meek 1994b. ——— (1994b). "A New Approach to the Single Transferable Vote. Paper II: The Problem of Non-transferable Votes". Voting Matters (1): 7–11. ISSN 1745-6231. Retrieved 30 August 2017.

minneapolismn.gov

vote.minneapolismn.gov

"What offices are elected using Ranked-Choice Voting?". What is Ranked-Choice Voting?. City of Minneapolis Elections & Voter Services. Archived from the original on 27 March 2019. Retrieved 31 December 2017.

nationalcivicleague.org

Model City Charter National Civic League

nio.gov.uk

"Change to the System for Filling Vacancies in the NI Assembly" (Press release). Northern Ireland Office. 10 February 2009. Archived from the original on 7 March 2012. Retrieved 5 October 2011.

nsw.gov.au

parliament.nsw.gov.au

"Role and History of the Legislative Assembly". Parliament of New South Wales. Archived from the original on 23 April 2011. Retrieved 9 September 2014.

pastvtr.elections.nsw.gov.au

"City of Sydney – Councillor Election results".

nzlii.org

Local Electoral Regulations 2001 (NZ), reg Schedule 1A.

oireachtas.ie

data.oireachtas.ie

"33rd Dáil election results" (PDF).

onlineopinion.com.au

Green, Anthony (20 April 2005). "Above or below the line? Managing preference votes". On Line Opinion. Retrieved 21 November 2014.

opavote.com

"Cambridge STV Rules".

prsa.org.au

"Which quota?" (PDF). prsa.org.au. Retrieved 27 February 2023.
"The Hare-Clark System of Proportional Representation". Proportional Representation Society of Australia. Retrieved 21 November 2014.
"Proportional Representation and its Importance". Proportional Representation Society of Australia.

rankedchoicevoting.org

"History of RCV". Ranked Choice Voting Resource Center. Retrieved 14 May 2019.

researchgate.net

Gilmour, James (March 2021). "Review of some aspects the Single Transferable Voting system for local elections in Wales". ResearchGate. Retrieved 26 November 2022.
"(PDF) Detailed description of the stv count in accordance with the rules in the scottish local government elections order 2007". Archived from the original on 27 November 2022. Retrieved 28 December 2024.

rte.ie

Ireland 2010, p. 177. Ireland. Oireachtas. Joint Committee on the Constitution (2010). Article 16 of the Constitution: Review of the Electoral System for the Election of Members to Dáil Éireann (PDF). Dublin: Stationery Office. ISBN 978-1406425017. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 January 2012. Retrieved 20 November 2010.

scotland.org

"The Highlands | Scotland.org". Scotland. Retrieved 27 February 2023.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Peters, Dominik; Skowron, Piotr (2020). "Proportionality and the Limits of Welfarism". Proceedings of the 21st ACM Conference on Economics and Computation. EC'20. pp. 793–794. arXiv:1911.11747. doi:10.1145/3391403.3399465. ISBN 9781450379755. S2CID 208291203.
Lackner, Martin; Skowron, Piotr (2023). Multi-Winner Voting with Approval Preferences. SpringerBriefs in Intelligent Systems. arXiv:2007.01795. doi:10.1007/978-3-031-09016-5. ISBN 978-3-031-09015-8. S2CID 244921148.

speedster-it.com

devers2.speedster-it.com

Terry, Chris (5 April 2012). "Serving up a dog's breakfast". Electoral Reform Society. Archived from the original on 7 October 2017. Retrieved 21 November 2014.

statcan.gc.ca

www150.statcan.gc.ca

https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=9810001001&lang=e Statistics Canada – Population and dwelling counts: Canada and federal electoral districts (2013 Representation Order)

stuff.co.nz

"Hamilton City Council switches to STV system for elections". Stuff. 6 August 2020. Retrieved 6 August 2020.

stv.govt.nz

"Single Transferable Vote". Department of Internal Affairs. Retrieved 25 April 2025.
"Glossary". Department of Internal Affairs. Retrieved 26 April 2025.
"STV legislation, background and further information". Department of Internal Affairs. Retrieved 26 April 2025.

thespinoff.co.nz

Edgeler, Graeme (12 September 2022). "As easy as 1, 2, 3: How to vote using STV". The Spinoff. Retrieved 29 September 2022.

ubc.ca

citizensassembly.arts.ubc.ca

"Making Every Vote Count – The Case for Electoral Reform in British Columbia" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 November 2017.

uk-engage.org

"Advantages and Disadvantages of Using the Single Transferable Vote System". UK Engage. 18 June 2013. Retrieved 3 June 2022.

ukchristianparty.org

"Scotland". Archived from the original on 19 August 2022. Retrieved 18 December 2022.

um.edu.mt

"How Malta Votes: An Overview – Malta Elections". www.um.edu.mt.

uwa.edu.au

elections.uwa.edu.au

"Above the line voting". University of Western Australia. Archived from the original on 20 October 2017. Retrieved 21 November 2014.

vec.vic.gov.au

"Results".

votingmatters.org.uk

Hill, I.D. (November 2000). "How to ruin STV". Voting Matters (12). Retrieved 10 August 2013.
Ombler 2006. Ombler, Franz (2006). "Booklet Position Effects, and Two New statistics to Gauge Voter Understanding of the Need to Rank Candidates in Preferential Elections" (PDF). Voting Matters (21): 12–21. ISSN 1745-6231. Retrieved 30 August 2017.

web.archive.org

Australian Capital Territory Electoral Commission, Modified d'Hondt Electoral System Archived 20 September 2022 at the Wayback Machine
"Fact sheet – Ballot papers". Archived from the original on 4 March 2015.
"Making Every Vote Count – The Case for Electoral Reform in British Columbia" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 November 2017.
"Mayor and Councillors". localgovernmentdivision.gov.mt (in Maltese). Archived from the original on 11 December 2023. Retrieved 30 January 2024.
"Role and History of the Legislative Assembly". Parliament of New South Wales. Archived from the original on 23 April 2011. Retrieved 9 September 2014.
"1992 Referendum". www.elections.act.gov.au. 6 January 2015. Archived from the original on 5 June 2019. Retrieved 5 June 2019.
"Above the line voting". University of Western Australia. Archived from the original on 20 October 2017. Retrieved 21 November 2014.
Terry, Chris (5 April 2012). "Serving up a dog's breakfast". Electoral Reform Society. Archived from the original on 7 October 2017. Retrieved 21 November 2014.
"(PDF) Detailed description of the stv count in accordance with the rules in the scottish local government elections order 2007". Archived from the original on 27 November 2022. Retrieved 28 December 2024.
Amherst Town Council. "Ranked-Choice Voting Commission Report". Archived from the original on 4 November 2021. Retrieved 4 November 2021.
"What offices are elected using Ranked-Choice Voting?". What is Ranked-Choice Voting?. City of Minneapolis Elections & Voter Services. Archived from the original on 27 March 2019. Retrieved 31 December 2017.
"Our mission". Electoral Reform Society. Archived from the original on 12 February 2013.
"Fordelingen af mandater ved folketingsvalget den 1. november 2022" [The distribution of seats in the general election on November 1, 2022] (PDF) (in Danish). Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 December 2022.
Ireland 2010, p. 177. Ireland. Oireachtas. Joint Committee on the Constitution (2010). Article 16 of the Constitution: Review of the Electoral System for the Election of Members to Dáil Éireann (PDF). Dublin: Stationery Office. ISBN 978-1406425017. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 January 2012. Retrieved 20 November 2010.
"Change to the System for Filling Vacancies in the NI Assembly" (Press release). Northern Ireland Office. 10 February 2009. Archived from the original on 7 March 2012. Retrieved 5 October 2011.
"Scotland". Archived from the original on 19 August 2022. Retrieved 18 December 2022.
Curtice 2012, p. 22. Curtice, John (2012). "2012 Scottish Local Government Elections" (PDF). Electoral Reform Society. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 September 2015. Retrieved 30 August 2017.
Curtice 2012, p. 13. Curtice, John (2012). "2012 Scottish Local Government Elections" (PDF). Electoral Reform Society. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 September 2015. Retrieved 30 August 2017.
Curtice 2012, p. 14. Curtice, John (2012). "2012 Scottish Local Government Elections" (PDF). Electoral Reform Society. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 September 2015. Retrieved 30 August 2017.
Curtice 2012, pp. 17–18. Curtice, John (2012). "2012 Scottish Local Government Elections" (PDF). Electoral Reform Society. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 September 2015. Retrieved 30 August 2017.
Curtice 2012, pp. 15–16. Curtice, John (2012). "2012 Scottish Local Government Elections" (PDF). Electoral Reform Society. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 September 2015. Retrieved 30 August 2017.
Curtice 2012, p. 23. Curtice, John (2012). "2012 Scottish Local Government Elections" (PDF). Electoral Reform Society. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 September 2015. Retrieved 30 August 2017.

whydomath.org

"Why Do Math?". www.whydomath.org.

wikisource.org

en.wikisource.org

Bagehot 1894, p. 158. Bagehot, Walter (1894) [1867]. The English Constitution (7th ed.). London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner & Co. – via Wikisource.

wonkhe.com

"The history of university representation". wonkhe.com. Retrieved 13 March 2025.

worldcat.org

search.worldcat.org

Gallagher, Michael (1992). "Comparing Proportional Representation Electoral Systems: Quotas, Thresholds, Paradoxes and Majorities". British Journal of Political Science. 22 (4): 469–496. doi:10.1017/S0007123400006499. ISSN 0007-1234. JSTOR 194023.
Newland 1984. Newland, Robert A. (1984). "The STV Quota". Representation. 24 (95): 14–17. doi:10.1080/00344898408459347. ISSN 0034-4893.
Hill, Wichmann & Woodall 1987. Hill, I. D.; Wichmann, B. A.; Woodall, D. R. (1987). "Algorithm 123: Single Transferable Vote by Meek's Method". The Computer Journal. 30 (3): 277–281. doi:10.1093/comjnl/30.3.277. ISSN 1460-2067.
Meek 1994a. Meek, B. L. (1994a). "A New Approach to the Single Transferable Vote. Paper I: Equality of Treatment of Voters and a Feedback Mechanism for Vote Counting". Voting Matters (1): 1–7. ISSN 1745-6231. Retrieved 30 August 2017.
Meek 1994b. ——— (1994b). "A New Approach to the Single Transferable Vote. Paper II: The Problem of Non-transferable Votes". Voting Matters (1): 7–11. ISSN 1745-6231. Retrieved 30 August 2017.
Tideman, Nicolaus (March 1995). "The Single Transferable Vote". Journal of Economic Perspectives. 9 (1): 27–38. doi:10.1257/jep.9.1.27. ISSN 0895-3309.
Ombler 2006. Ombler, Franz (2006). "Booklet Position Effects, and Two New statistics to Gauge Voter Understanding of the Need to Rank Candidates in Preferential Elections" (PDF). Voting Matters (21): 12–21. ISSN 1745-6231. Retrieved 30 August 2017.