Singular they (English Wikipedia)

Easton, Lauren (24 March 2017). "Making a case for a singular 'they'". AP Definitive Source. Associated Press. Archived from the original on 6 April 2017. Retrieved 5 April 2017.

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"Welcome, singular "they"". American Psychological Association. Archived from the original on 9 February 2023. Retrieved 1 March 2020.

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"Merriam-Webster declares 'they' its 2019 word of the year". Associated Press. 10 December 2019. Archived from the original on 25 January 2021. Retrieved 27 December 2020.

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Coleridge 1895, p. 190. Coleridge, Samuel (1895). Coleridge, Ernest (ed.). Anima Poetæ: From the Unpublished Note-books of Samuel Taylor Coleridge. London, England: William Heinemann.
Fowler & Burchfield 1996, p. 776. Fowler, H. W.; Burchfield, R. W. (1996). The New Fowler's Modern English Usage. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-198-61021-2.
Garner 2003, p. 175. Garner, Bryan A. (2003). Garner's Modern American Usage. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-516191-5.
Garner 2003, p. 643. Garner, Bryan A. (2003). Garner's Modern American Usage. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-516191-5.
Quirk et al. 1985, p. 770. Quirk, Randolph; Greenbaum, Sidney; Leech, Geoffrey; Svartvik, Jan (1985). A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language. Harlow: Longman. ISBN 978-0-582-51734-9.
Chicago 1993, pp. 76–77. The Chicago Manual of Style: The Essential Guide for Writers, Editors, and Publishers (14th ed.). University of Chicago Press. 1993. ISBN 978-0-226-10389-1.
Strunk & White 2000, p. 60. Strunk, William; White, E. B. (2000) [1959]. The Elements of Style (4th ed.). Allyn & Bacon. ISBN 978-0-205-31342-6.
Fowler & Gowers 1965, p. 635. Fowler, H. W.; Gowers, Sir Ernest (1965). A Dictionary of Modern English Usage. Oxford University Press.
Fowler & Burchfield 1996, p. 779. Fowler, H. W.; Burchfield, R. W. (1996). The New Fowler's Modern English Usage. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-198-61021-2.
Peters 2004, p. 538. Peters, Pam (2004). The Cambridge Guide to English Usage. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-3-125-33187-7.
Economist 2010, p. 117. Economist Style Guide (10th ed.). The Economist Group / Profile Books. 2010. ISBN 978-1-846-68606-1.
Fowler & Aaron 1992, p. 354. Fowler, Henry Ramsey; Aaron, Jane E. (1992). The Little, Brown Handbook (5th ed.). HarperCollins. pp. 300–301. ISBN 978-0-673-52132-3.. N.B.: This is not the English usage authority Henry Watson Fowler.
Merriam-Webster 2002, p. 736. Merriam-Webster's Concise Dictionary of English Usage. Penguin. 2002. ISBN 9780877796336.
Merriam-Webster 2002, pp. 735–736. Merriam-Webster's Concise Dictionary of English Usage. Penguin. 2002. ISBN 9780877796336.

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"Merriam-Webster: Non-binary pronoun 'they' is word of year". BBC News. 10 December 2019. Archived from the original on 11 December 2019. Retrieved 10 December 2019.
Macdonald, Fiona (23 June 2016). "The ultimate 21st-Century word?". BBC News. British Broadcasting Corporation. Archived from the original on 27 October 2016. Retrieved 26 October 2016.

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Wales 1996, p. 125. Wales, Katie (1996). Personal Pronouns in Present-Day English. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521471022. Archived from the original on 13 December 2023. Retrieved 13 November 2019.
Pinker 2014, p. 260. Pinker, Steven (2014). The Sense of Style: The Thinking Person's Guide to Writing in the 21st Century. Penguin. ISBN 9780698170308. Archived from the original on 13 December 2023. Retrieved 13 November 2019.
Ross & West 2002, p. 180. Ross, Michael; West, Keith (2002). Delivering the Framework for Teaching English. Nelson Thornes. ISBN 9780748762620. Archived from the original on 13 December 2023. Retrieved 13 November 2019.
American Heritage Dictionaries 1996, p. 178. The American Heritage Book of English Usage: A Practical and Authoritative Guide to Contemporary English. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. 1996. ISBN 978-0-547-56321-3. Archived from the original on 13 December 2023. Retrieved 6 January 2017.
Gerner 2000, pp. 111–112. Gerner, Jürgen (2000). "Singular and Plural Anaphors of Indefinite Plural Pronouns in Spoken British English". In Kirk, John M. (ed.). Corpora Galore: Analyses and Techniques in Describing English: Papers from the Nineteenth International Conference on English Language Research on Computerised Corpora (ICAME 1998). Rodopi. pp. 93–114. ISBN 978-90-420-0419-1. Archived from the original on 13 December 2023. Retrieved 6 January 2017.
Thackeray 1869, p. 189. Thackeray, William Makepeace (1869). "On Lett's Diary". The Works of William Makepeace Thackeray. Vol. 20. Smith, Elder. Archived from the original on 13 December 2023. Retrieved 6 January 2017.
Fisher 1750, p. 106 in 1780 printing. Fisher, Ann (1750) [1745]. A New Grammar: Being the Most Easy Guide to Speaking and Writing the English Language Properly and Correctly (reprinted in facsimile) (2nd ed.). Scolar Press (published 1974). Archived from the original on 13 December 2023. Retrieved 8 September 2020.
Fries 1969, p. 215. Fries, Joseph P. (1969) [1940]. "The inflections and syntax of present-day American English with especial reference to social differences or class dialects: The report of an investigation financed by the National Council of Teachers of English and supported by the Modern Language Association and the Linguistic Society of America". In Bolton, W. F.; Crystal (eds.). The English Language, Volume 2: Essays by Linguistics and Men of Letters 1858–1964. Cambridge University Press Archive. ISBN 978-0-451-14076-0. Archived from the original on 13 December 2023. Retrieved 6 January 2017.
Lash 1981, p. 454. Lash, Joseph P. (1981) [1971]. Eleanor and Franklin. Penguin Group Canada. ISBN 978-0-451-14076-0. Archived from the original on 13 December 2023. Retrieved 6 January 2017.; quoted in Reader's Digest, 1983, as an example of its awkwardness when referring to both sexes.
Weiss, Kaplan & Fair 2004, p. 147. Weiss, R. E.; Kaplan, S. A.; Fair, W. R. (2004). Management of Prostate Diseases. Cambridge; New York: Professional Communications Inc. ISBN 978-1-884-73595-0. Archived from the original on 13 December 2023. Retrieved 6 January 2017.
Choy & Clark 2010, p. 213. Choy, Penelope; Clark, Dorothy Goldbart (2010). Basic Grammar and Usage (8th ed.). Cengage Learning. ISBN 978-1-428-21155-1. Archived from the original on 13 December 2023. Retrieved 6 January 2017.
Gowers & Gowers 2014, pp. 210–213. Gowers, Ernest; Gowers, Rebecca (2014). Plain Words. London: Particular. ISBN 978-0-241-96035-6. Archived from the original on 13 December 2023. Retrieved 6 January 2017.
American Heritage Dictionaries 1996, pp. 178–179. The American Heritage Book of English Usage: A Practical and Authoritative Guide to Contemporary English. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. 1996. ISBN 978-0-547-56321-3. Archived from the original on 13 December 2023. Retrieved 6 January 2017.
Shakespeare 1599, p. 105. Shakespeare, W.; Loffelt, Antonie Cornelis (1867). Hamlet, Prince of Denmark. J. L. Beijers en J. van Boekhoven. Archived from the original on 13 December 2023. Retrieved 6 January 2017.
Huang 2009, p. 144. Huang, C. T. J. (2009). Between Syntax and Semantics. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-0-203-87352-6. Archived from the original on 13 December 2023. Retrieved 6 January 2017.

businessinsider.com (Global: 201^st place; English: 139^th place)

Abadi 2016. Abadi, Mark (8 January 2016). "'They' was just named 2015's Word of the Year". Business Insider. Archived from the original on 9 January 2016. Retrieved 9 January 2016.

cambridge.org (Global: 209^th place; English: 151^st place)

"Singular "They": Teaching a Changing Language". World of Better Learning. Cambridge University Press. 16 November 2020. Archived from the original on 25 November 2020. Retrieved 27 December 2020.

chicagomanualofstyle.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Chicago 2017, §5.252. The Chicago Manual of Style (17th ed.). University of Chicago Press. 2017. ISBN 9780226287058. Archived from the original on 2 March 2021. Retrieved 7 March 2021.
Chicago 2017, §5.48. The Chicago Manual of Style (17th ed.). University of Chicago Press. 2017. ISBN 9780226287058. Archived from the original on 2 March 2021. Retrieved 7 March 2021.
Chicago 2024, §5.51. The Chicago Manual of Style (18th ed.). University of Chicago Press. 2024. ISBN 9780226817972. Archived from the original on 29 April 2025. Retrieved 16 June 2025.

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digitalcommons.ciis.edu

Loughlin, Ayden (23 May 2021). "Frequency of singular they for gender stereotypes and the influence of the queer community". Lavender Languages and Linguistics Conference. Archived from the original on 25 May 2023. Retrieved 1 June 2023.

cmosshoptalk.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Chicago Style for the Singular They". cmosshoptalk.com. 3 April 2017. Archived from the original on 22 February 2020. Retrieved 14 February 2020. Like singular you, singular they is treated as a grammatical plural and takes a plural verb.

cnn.com (Global: 36^th place; English: 26^th place)

edition.cnn.com

CNN 2014. Griggs, Brandon (13 February 2014). "Facebook goes beyond 'male' and 'female' with new gender options". CNN. Archived from the original on 16 October 2018. Retrieved 15 October 2018.

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Trammell, Kendall (18 September 2019). "Merriam-Webster adds the nonbinary pronoun 'they' to its dictionary". CNN. Archived from the original on 19 September 2019. Retrieved 19 September 2019.

colostate.edu (Global: 4,400^th place; English: 2,953^rd place)

wac.colostate.edu

Warenda 1993, p. 101. Warenda, Amy (April 1993). "They" (PDF). The WAC Journal. 4: 99–107. doi:10.37514/WAC-J.1993.4.1.09. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2 March 2013. Retrieved 28 December 2013.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Balhorn, Mark (June 2004). "The Rise of Epicene They". Journal of English Linguistics. 32 (2): 79–104. doi:10.1177/0075424204265824. ISSN 0075-4242. S2CID 144747717. Archived from the original on 17 April 2023. Retrieved 1 June 2023.
Bodine 1975, pp. 129–146. Bodine, Ann (August 1975). "Androcentrism in Prescriptive Grammar: Singular They, Sex-Indefinite He, and He or She" (PDF). Language in Society. 4 (2). Cambridge University Press: 129–146. doi:10.1017/s0047404500004607. ISSN 0047-4045. JSTOR 4166805. S2CID 146362006. Archived (PDF) from the original on 26 April 2023. Retrieved 26 April 2023.
"he". Oxford English Dictionary (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/OED/1054698830. (Subscription or participating institution membership required.)
Bodine 1975, p. 133. Bodine, Ann (August 1975). "Androcentrism in Prescriptive Grammar: Singular They, Sex-Indefinite He, and He or She" (PDF). Language in Society. 4 (2). Cambridge University Press: 129–146. doi:10.1017/s0047404500004607. ISSN 0047-4045. JSTOR 4166805. S2CID 146362006. Archived (PDF) from the original on 26 April 2023. Retrieved 26 April 2023.
Warenda 1993, p. 101. Warenda, Amy (April 1993). "They" (PDF). The WAC Journal. 4: 99–107. doi:10.37514/WAC-J.1993.4.1.09. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2 March 2013. Retrieved 28 December 2013.
Bodine 1975, p. 134. Bodine, Ann (August 1975). "Androcentrism in Prescriptive Grammar: Singular They, Sex-Indefinite He, and He or She" (PDF). Language in Society. 4 (2). Cambridge University Press: 129–146. doi:10.1017/s0047404500004607. ISSN 0047-4045. JSTOR 4166805. S2CID 146362006. Archived (PDF) from the original on 26 April 2023. Retrieved 26 April 2023.
Bodine 1975, p. 131. Bodine, Ann (August 1975). "Androcentrism in Prescriptive Grammar: Singular They, Sex-Indefinite He, and He or She" (PDF). Language in Society. 4 (2). Cambridge University Press: 129–146. doi:10.1017/s0047404500004607. ISSN 0047-4045. JSTOR 4166805. S2CID 146362006. Archived (PDF) from the original on 26 April 2023. Retrieved 26 April 2023.
Baranowski, Maciej (2002). "Current usage of the epicene pronoun in written English". Journal of Sociolinguistics. 6 (3): 378–397. doi:10.1111/1467-9481.00193.
Balhorn, Mark (2009). "The epicene pronoun in contemporary newspaper prose". American Speech. 84 (4): 391–413. doi:10.1215/00031283-2009-031.
LaScotte, Darren K. (1 February 2016). "Singular they: An Empirical Study of Generic Pronoun Use". American Speech. 91 (1): 62–80. doi:10.1215/00031283-3509469. ISSN 0003-1283.
Kolln 1986, pp. 100–102. Kolln, Martha (1986). "Everyone's Right to Their Own Language". College Composition and Communication. 37 (1). National Council of Teachers of English: 100–102. doi:10.2307/357389. ISSN 0010-096X. JSTOR 357389.
Newman 1998. Newman, Michael (1998). "What Can Pronouns Tell Us? A Case Study of English Epicenes". Studies in Language. 22 (2). John Benjamins: 353–389. doi:10.1075/sl.22.2.04new. ISSN 0378-4177.
Arnold, Jennifer E.; Mayo, Heather; Dong, Lisa (2021). "My pronouns are they/them: Talking about pronouns changes how pronouns are understood". Psychonomic Bulletin and Review. 28 (5): 1688–1697. doi:10.3758/s13423-021-01905-0. PMC 8094985. PMID 33945124. Archived from the original on 13 December 2023. Retrieved 17 June 2021.
Zimmer, Ben; Solomon, Jane; Carson, Charles E. (2016). "Among the New Words". American Speech. 91 (2): 200–225. doi:10.1215/00031283-3633118. Archived from the original on 17 July 2022. Retrieved 16 June 2021.
Foertsch & Gernsbacher 1997. Foertsch, Julie; Gernsbacher, Morton Ann (March 1997). "In Search of Gender Neutrality: Is Singular They a Cognitively Efficient Substitute for Generic He?" (PDF). Psychological Science. 8 (2): 106–111. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.1997.tb00691.x. PMC 4293036. PMID 25593408. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 May 2015.
Arnold, Venkatesh & Vig 2024. Arnold, Jennifer E; Venkatesh, Ranjani; Vig, Zachary A (2024). "Gender competition in the production of nonbinary 'they'". Glossa Psycholinguistics. 3 (1). doi:10.5070/G60111306. Archived from the original on 24 April 2024. Retrieved 24 April 2024.

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Zimmer, Ben; Solomon, Jane; Carson, Charles E. (2016). "Among the New Words". American Speech. 91 (2): 200–225. doi:10.1215/00031283-3633118. Archived from the original on 17 July 2022. Retrieved 16 June 2021.

dw.com (Global: 205^th place; English: 320^th place)

"Singular 'they' crowned word of the decade by US linguists | DW | 04.01.2020". Deutsche Welle. Archived from the original on 4 January 2020. Retrieved 4 January 2020.

escholarship.org (Global: 1,477^th place; English: 863^rd place)

Arnold, Venkatesh & Vig 2024. Arnold, Jennifer E; Venkatesh, Ranjani; Vig, Zachary A (2024). "Gender competition in the production of nonbinary 'they'". Glossa Psycholinguistics. 3 (1). doi:10.5070/G60111306. Archived from the original on 24 April 2024. Retrieved 24 April 2024.

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Foertsch & Gernsbacher 1997. Foertsch, Julie; Gernsbacher, Morton Ann (March 1997). "In Search of Gender Neutrality: Is Singular They a Cognitively Efficient Substitute for Generic He?" (PDF). Psychological Science. 8 (2): 106–111. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.1997.tb00691.x. PMC 4293036. PMID 25593408. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 May 2015.

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Baskervill & Sewell 1895, §411. Baskervill, W. M.; Sewell, J. W. (1895). An English Grammar. Archived from the original on 14 October 2013. Retrieved 17 December 2013.

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Leonard 1929, p. 225. Leonard, Sterling Andrus (1929). The Doctrine of Correctness in English Usage, 1700-1800. Russell & Russell (published 1962). Archived from the original on 13 December 2020. Retrieved 15 October 2018.

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helda.helsinki.fi

Hekanaho, Laura (8 December 2020). Generic and Nonbinary Pronouns: Usage, Acceptability and Attitudes (PDF) (PhD). University of Helsinki. p. 221. ISBN 9789515168313. Archived (PDF) from the original on 7 March 2021. Retrieved 7 March 2021.

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Masters, Jeffrey (13 April 2017). "Asia Kate Dillon Talks Discovering the Word Non-Binary: 'I Cried'". Huffington Post. Archived from the original on 5 December 2018. Retrieved 17 September 2017.

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Bodine 1975, pp. 129–146. Bodine, Ann (August 1975). "Androcentrism in Prescriptive Grammar: Singular They, Sex-Indefinite He, and He or She" (PDF). Language in Society. 4 (2). Cambridge University Press: 129–146. doi:10.1017/s0047404500004607. ISSN 0047-4045. JSTOR 4166805. S2CID 146362006. Archived (PDF) from the original on 26 April 2023. Retrieved 26 April 2023.
Bodine 1975, p. 133. Bodine, Ann (August 1975). "Androcentrism in Prescriptive Grammar: Singular They, Sex-Indefinite He, and He or She" (PDF). Language in Society. 4 (2). Cambridge University Press: 129–146. doi:10.1017/s0047404500004607. ISSN 0047-4045. JSTOR 4166805. S2CID 146362006. Archived (PDF) from the original on 26 April 2023. Retrieved 26 April 2023.
Bodine 1975, p. 134. Bodine, Ann (August 1975). "Androcentrism in Prescriptive Grammar: Singular They, Sex-Indefinite He, and He or She" (PDF). Language in Society. 4 (2). Cambridge University Press: 129–146. doi:10.1017/s0047404500004607. ISSN 0047-4045. JSTOR 4166805. S2CID 146362006. Archived (PDF) from the original on 26 April 2023. Retrieved 26 April 2023.
Bodine 1975, p. 131. Bodine, Ann (August 1975). "Androcentrism in Prescriptive Grammar: Singular They, Sex-Indefinite He, and He or She" (PDF). Language in Society. 4 (2). Cambridge University Press: 129–146. doi:10.1017/s0047404500004607. ISSN 0047-4045. JSTOR 4166805. S2CID 146362006. Archived (PDF) from the original on 26 April 2023. Retrieved 26 April 2023.
Kolln 1986, pp. 100–102. Kolln, Martha (1986). "Everyone's Right to Their Own Language". College Composition and Communication. 37 (1). National Council of Teachers of English: 100–102. doi:10.2307/357389. ISSN 0010-096X. JSTOR 357389.

justice.gc.ca (Global: 3,261^st place; English: 2,011^th place)

Canadian government 2015. "Themself or Themselves?". Government of Canada. 7 January 2015. Archived from the original on 1 June 2016. Retrieved 26 April 2016. Use themselves as the reflexive/intensive pronoun to refer to an indefinite gender-neutral noun or pronoun that is the subject of the sentence and avoid themself.

leidenuniv.nl (Global: 5,966^th place; English: 5,144^th place)

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merriam-webster.com (Global: 425^th place; English: 373^rd place)

"Words We're Watching: Singular 'They'". Merriam-Webster dictionary. 2019. Archived from the original on 18 June 2023. Retrieved 26 March 2019.
"Merriam-Webster's Words of the Year 2019". Merriam-Webster. Archived from the original on 6 December 2020. Retrieved 31 May 2023.
"Singular Nonbinary 'They': Is it 'they are' or 'they is'?". Merriam Webster. Archived from the original on 12 November 2020. Retrieved 22 May 2023. ...the most natural-sounding verb is the one to use. 'They' always goes with a plural verb...
"Themself". merriam-webster.com. Archived from the original on 11 November 2020. Retrieved 27 December 2020.
"A Note on the Nonbinary 'They'". Archived from the original on 12 January 2023. Retrieved 12 January 2023.
"they". Merriam-Webster. Archived from the original on 29 June 2020. Retrieved 19 September 2019.

michiganradio.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Kruth, Rebecca; Curzan, Ann (16 June 2019). "TWTS: Singular "they" and verb agreement". Michigan Radio. Archived from the original on 13 February 2020. Retrieved 13 February 2020.

mla.org (Global: 7,706^th place; English: 6,458^th place)

style.mla.org

"How do I use singular they?". 4 March 2020. Archived from the original on 4 April 2023. Retrieved 27 December 2020.

nbcnews.com (Global: 156^th place; English: 101^st place)

"Merriam-Webster adds nonbinary 'they' pronoun to dictionary". NBC News. 18 September 2019. Archived from the original on 19 September 2019. Retrieved 19 September 2019.

newsbank.com (Global: 492^nd place; English: 245^th place)

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nih.gov (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Arnold, Jennifer E.; Mayo, Heather; Dong, Lisa (2021). "My pronouns are they/them: Talking about pronouns changes how pronouns are understood". Psychonomic Bulletin and Review. 28 (5): 1688–1697. doi:10.3758/s13423-021-01905-0. PMC 8094985. PMID 33945124. Archived from the original on 13 December 2023. Retrieved 17 June 2021.
Foertsch & Gernsbacher 1997. Foertsch, Julie; Gernsbacher, Morton Ann (March 1997). "In Search of Gender Neutrality: Is Singular They a Cognitively Efficient Substitute for Generic He?" (PDF). Psychological Science. 8 (2): 106–111. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.1997.tb00691.x. PMC 4293036. PMID 25593408. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 May 2015.

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Arnold, Jennifer E.; Mayo, Heather; Dong, Lisa (2021). "My pronouns are they/them: Talking about pronouns changes how pronouns are understood". Psychonomic Bulletin and Review. 28 (5): 1688–1697. doi:10.3758/s13423-021-01905-0. PMC 8094985. PMID 33945124. Archived from the original on 13 December 2023. Retrieved 17 June 2021.
Foertsch & Gernsbacher 1997. Foertsch, Julie; Gernsbacher, Morton Ann (March 1997). "In Search of Gender Neutrality: Is Singular They a Cognitively Efficient Substitute for Generic He?" (PDF). Psychological Science. 8 (2): 106–111. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.1997.tb00691.x. PMC 4293036. PMID 25593408. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 May 2015.

nytimes.com (Global: 7^th place; English: 7^th place)

Safire 1985, pp. 46–47. Safire, William (28 April 1985). "On Language; You Not Tarzan, Me Not Jane". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 7 January 2017. Retrieved 12 February 2017.
Badendyck 1985. Badendyck, C. (7 July 1985). "[Letter commenting on] Hypersexism And the Feds". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 28 June 2017. Retrieved 12 February 2017. As quoted by Miller and Swift.

oed.com (Global: 743^rd place; English: 419^th place)

"they". Oxford English Dictionary (online ed.). Oxford University Press. (Subscription or participating institution membership required.)
"he". Oxford English Dictionary (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/OED/1054698830. (Subscription or participating institution membership required.)
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Bodine 1975, p. 134. Bodine, Ann (August 1975). "Androcentrism in Prescriptive Grammar: Singular They, Sex-Indefinite He, and He or She" (PDF). Language in Society. 4 (2). Cambridge University Press: 129–146. doi:10.1017/s0047404500004607. ISSN 0047-4045. JSTOR 4166805. S2CID 146362006. Archived (PDF) from the original on 26 April 2023. Retrieved 26 April 2023.
Bodine 1975, p. 131. Bodine, Ann (August 1975). "Androcentrism in Prescriptive Grammar: Singular They, Sex-Indefinite He, and He or She" (PDF). Language in Society. 4 (2). Cambridge University Press: 129–146. doi:10.1017/s0047404500004607. ISSN 0047-4045. JSTOR 4166805. S2CID 146362006. Archived (PDF) from the original on 26 April 2023. Retrieved 26 April 2023.
LaScotte, Darren K. (1 February 2016). "Singular they: An Empirical Study of Generic Pronoun Use". American Speech. 91 (1): 62–80. doi:10.1215/00031283-3509469. ISSN 0003-1283.
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Singular they (English Wikipedia)

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