Ski wax (English Wikipedia)

McKenney, Kim (August 22, 2014). "All About Classic Skis". Cross Country Ski Technique. Archived from the original on 2016-01-28. Retrieved 2016-01-22.

diva-portal.org (Global: 3,588^th place; English: 3,072^nd place)

miun.diva-portal.org

Kuzmin, Leonid (2010). Interfacial kinetic ski friction (Doctoral). Mid Sweden University. Retrieved 2012-10-20.

diva-portal.org

Plassmann, Merle M. (2011), "Environmental occurrence and fate of semifluorinated n-alkanes and perfluorinated alkyl acids present in ski waxes" (PDF), Department of Applied Environmental Science

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Kuzmin, Leonid; Tinnsten, Mats (2006). "Dirt absorption on the ski running surface - quantification and influence on the gliding ability". Sports Engineering. 9 (13): 137–146. doi:10.1007/BF02844115. S2CID 109349642.
Plassmann, Merle M.; Denninger, Annika; Berger, Urs (2011). "Environmental occurrence and fate of semifluorinated n-alkanes in snow and soil samples from a ski area". Chemosphere. 85 (9): 1458–1463. doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.08.028.
Plassmann, Merle M.; Meyer, Torsten; Lei, Ying Duan; Wania, Frank; McLachlan, Michael S.; Berger, Urs (2010). "Theoretical and Experimental Simulation of the Fate of Semifluorinated n-Alkanes during Snowmelt". Environmental Science & Technology. 44 (17): 6692–6697. doi:10.1021/es101562w.
Nilsson, Helena; Kärrman, Anna; Håkan, Westberg; Rotander, Anna; van Bavel, Bert; Lindström, Gunilla (March 15, 2010), "A Time Trend Study of Significantly Elevated Perfluorocarboxylate Levels in Humans after Using Fluorinated Ski Wax", Environmental Science and Technology, 44 (6): 2150–5, Bibcode:2010EnST...44.2150N, doi:10.1021/es9034733, PMID 20158198
Freberg, Baard Ingegerdsson; Haug, Line Småstuen; Olsen, Raymond; Daae, Hanne Line; Hersson, Merete; Thomsen, Cathrine; Thorud, Syvert; Becher, Georg; Molander, Paal; Ellingsen, Dag G. (October 2010). "Occupational Exposure to Airborne Perfluorinated Compounds during Professional Ski Waxing". Environmental Science & Technology. 44 (19): 7723–7728. Bibcode:2010EnST...44.7723F. doi:10.1021/es102033k. ISSN 0013-936X. PMID 20831156.
Grønnestad, Randi; Vázquez, Berta Pérez; Arukwe, Augustine; Jaspers, Veerle L. B.; Jenssen, Bjørn Munro; Karimi, Mahin; Lyche, Jan L.; Krøkje, Åse (2019-11-19). "Levels, Patterns, and Biomagnification Potential of Perfluoroalkyl Substances in a Terrestrial Food Chain in a Nordic Skiing Area". Environmental Science & Technology. 53 (22): 13390–13397. Bibcode:2019EnST...5313390G. doi:10.1021/acs.est.9b02533. hdl:11250/2680004. ISSN 0013-936X. PMID 31691564.

epa.gov (Global: 882^nd place; English: 600^th place)

"Violations May Put Ski Wax Users at Risk from Illegal Perfluoroalkyl Substances" (PDF). U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. January 2022. Retrieved 2025-02-25.

espacenet.com (Global: 800^th place; English: 676^th place)

worldwide.espacenet.com

US patent 5114482, Terry J. Hertel, "Ski wax for use with sintered base snow skis", issued May 19, 1992
US patent 5202041, Enrico Traverso & Antonio Rinaldi, "Ski lubricant comprising paraffinic wax and a hydrocarbon compound", issued Apr 13, 1993, assigned to Enichem Synthesis S.p.A.

ethz.ch (Global: 2,224^th place; English: 1,900^th place)

e-collection.library.ethz.ch

Giesbrecht, Jan Lukas (2010). Polymers on snow: Towards skiing faster (PDF) (Doctoral). Swiss Federal Institute of Technology. Retrieved 2012-10-20.

gov.uk (Global: 432^nd place; English: 278^th place)

Centre for Radiation; Chemical and Environmental Hazards (2009). "PFOS and PFOA General Information" (PDF). Public Health England. Retrieved 2016-01-23.

handle.net (Global: 102^nd place; English: 76^th place)

hdl.handle.net

Grønnestad, Randi; Vázquez, Berta Pérez; Arukwe, Augustine; Jaspers, Veerle L. B.; Jenssen, Bjørn Munro; Karimi, Mahin; Lyche, Jan L.; Krøkje, Åse (2019-11-19). "Levels, Patterns, and Biomagnification Potential of Perfluoroalkyl Substances in a Terrestrial Food Chain in a Nordic Skiing Area". Environmental Science & Technology. 53 (22): 13390–13397. Bibcode:2019EnST...5313390G. doi:10.1021/acs.est.9b02533. hdl:11250/2680004. ISSN 0013-936X. PMID 31691564.

harvard.edu (Global: 18^th place; English: 17^th place)

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Nilsson, Helena; Kärrman, Anna; Håkan, Westberg; Rotander, Anna; van Bavel, Bert; Lindström, Gunilla (March 15, 2010), "A Time Trend Study of Significantly Elevated Perfluorocarboxylate Levels in Humans after Using Fluorinated Ski Wax", Environmental Science and Technology, 44 (6): 2150–5, Bibcode:2010EnST...44.2150N, doi:10.1021/es9034733, PMID 20158198
Freberg, Baard Ingegerdsson; Haug, Line Småstuen; Olsen, Raymond; Daae, Hanne Line; Hersson, Merete; Thomsen, Cathrine; Thorud, Syvert; Becher, Georg; Molander, Paal; Ellingsen, Dag G. (October 2010). "Occupational Exposure to Airborne Perfluorinated Compounds during Professional Ski Waxing". Environmental Science & Technology. 44 (19): 7723–7728. Bibcode:2010EnST...44.7723F. doi:10.1021/es102033k. ISSN 0013-936X. PMID 20831156.
Grønnestad, Randi; Vázquez, Berta Pérez; Arukwe, Augustine; Jaspers, Veerle L. B.; Jenssen, Bjørn Munro; Karimi, Mahin; Lyche, Jan L.; Krøkje, Åse (2019-11-19). "Levels, Patterns, and Biomagnification Potential of Perfluoroalkyl Substances in a Terrestrial Food Chain in a Nordic Skiing Area". Environmental Science & Technology. 53 (22): 13390–13397. Bibcode:2019EnST...5313390G. doi:10.1021/acs.est.9b02533. hdl:11250/2680004. ISSN 0013-936X. PMID 31691564.

ltu.se (Global: low place; English: low place)

epubl.ltu.se

Kuzmin, Leonid (2006). Investigation of the most essential factors influencing ski glide (PDF) (Licentiate). Luleå University of Technology. Retrieved 2012-10-20.

miljodirektoratet.no (Global: low place; English: low place)

"PFAS in the treatment of skis - Use, Emissions and Alternatives". Miljødirektoratet/Norwegian Environment Agency (in Norwegian). Retrieved 2025-11-08.
"PFAS in the treatment of skis – Use, Emissions and Alternatives". Miljødirektoratet/Norwegian Environment Agency (in Norwegian). Retrieved 2025-11-08.

nensa.net (Global: low place; English: low place)

Talbot, Chris (2008). "The science of ski waxes" (PDF). New England Nordic Ski Association. Retrieved 2016-01-18. Basic ski wax is made from solid hydrocarbons. Some wax companies also sell wax that has fluorine in it. With these waxes, some, most, or all the hydrogen atoms in the hydrocarbons have been replaced with fluorine atoms. This new compound is called a fluorocarbon, and offers very low coefficients of friction and high water- repellency.

nih.gov (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Nilsson, Helena; Kärrman, Anna; Håkan, Westberg; Rotander, Anna; van Bavel, Bert; Lindström, Gunilla (March 15, 2010), "A Time Trend Study of Significantly Elevated Perfluorocarboxylate Levels in Humans after Using Fluorinated Ski Wax", Environmental Science and Technology, 44 (6): 2150–5, Bibcode:2010EnST...44.2150N, doi:10.1021/es9034733, PMID 20158198
Freberg, Baard Ingegerdsson; Haug, Line Småstuen; Olsen, Raymond; Daae, Hanne Line; Hersson, Merete; Thomsen, Cathrine; Thorud, Syvert; Becher, Georg; Molander, Paal; Ellingsen, Dag G. (October 2010). "Occupational Exposure to Airborne Perfluorinated Compounds during Professional Ski Waxing". Environmental Science & Technology. 44 (19): 7723–7728. Bibcode:2010EnST...44.7723F. doi:10.1021/es102033k. ISSN 0013-936X. PMID 20831156.
Grønnestad, Randi; Vázquez, Berta Pérez; Arukwe, Augustine; Jaspers, Veerle L. B.; Jenssen, Bjørn Munro; Karimi, Mahin; Lyche, Jan L.; Krøkje, Åse (2019-11-19). "Levels, Patterns, and Biomagnification Potential of Perfluoroalkyl Substances in a Terrestrial Food Chain in a Nordic Skiing Area". Environmental Science & Technology. 53 (22): 13390–13397. Bibcode:2019EnST...5313390G. doi:10.1021/acs.est.9b02533. hdl:11250/2680004. ISSN 0013-936X. PMID 31691564.

nyteknik.se (Global: 9,745^th place; English: low place)

Ahlbom, Helen (February 29, 1916). "Glidvallan har marginell betydelse i Vasaloppet". Nyteknik (in Swedish). Retrieved 2016-03-11.

rei.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Grip Waxing Your Cross-Country Skis". REI. Retrieved 11 October 2014.

reliableracing.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Nordic Ski Preparation—Waxing Guide for Skating and Classic Skiing" (PDF). Swix. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-10-08. Retrieved 2016-01-20.

scientificamerican.com (Global: 896^th place; English: 674^th place)

Katz, Cheryl. "Ski Wax Chemicals Can Build Up in Blood". Scientific American. Retrieved 4 April 2017.

semanticscholar.org (Global: 11^th place; English: 8^th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

Kuzmin, Leonid; Tinnsten, Mats (2006). "Dirt absorption on the ski running surface - quantification and influence on the gliding ability". Sports Engineering. 9 (13): 137–146. doi:10.1007/BF02844115. S2CID 109349642.

shu.ac.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

research.shu.ac.uk

Coupe, Richard (2008). "An Investigation Comparing the Efficacy of Different Lubricants for Skis on Artificial Snow". ENQUIRY: The ACES Journal of Undergraduate Research. 1 (1). Sheffield Hallam University. Retrieved 2012-10-20.

sirsi.net (Global: low place; English: low place)

acwc.sdp.sirsi.net

Colbeck, Samuel C. (April 1992), "A Review of the Processes That Control Snow Friction", CRREL Monograph, 92 (2): 49, archived from the original on 2016-01-26, retrieved 2016-01-19

skiinghistory.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Masia, Seth. "Grip and Glide: A Short History of Ski Wax". Retrieved 11 October 2014.

skiwax.ca (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Glide Wax". skiwax.ca. Archived from the original on 21 January 2015. Retrieved 11 October 2014.

swixsport.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"What does the fluor ban mean for you? | Swix". swixsport.com. Retrieved 2025-02-25.

thestormking.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Longboards at Mammoth". Mic Mac Publishing. Retrieved 25 September 2012.

unesco.org (Global: 104^th place; English: 199^th place)

unesdoc.unesco.org

Working Group on Snow Classification, ICSI-UCCS-IACS (2009), "The International Classification for Seasonal Snow on the Ground" (PDF), IHP-VII Technical Documents in Hydrology, 83 (1), Paris: 80, retrieved 2016-01-24

utah.edu (Global: 2,446^th place; English: 1,661^st place)

inscc.utah.edu

Colbeck, Samuel C. (December 1997), "A Review of Sintering in Seasonal Snow" (PDF), CRREL Report Series, 97 (10), retrieved 2016-01-24

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

Colbeck, Samuel C. (April 1992), "A Review of the Processes That Control Snow Friction", CRREL Monograph, 92 (2): 49, archived from the original on 2016-01-26, retrieved 2016-01-19
"Glide Wax". skiwax.ca. Archived from the original on 21 January 2015. Retrieved 11 October 2014.
McKenney, Kim (August 22, 2014). "All About Classic Skis". Cross Country Ski Technique. Archived from the original on 2016-01-28. Retrieved 2016-01-22.
"Nordic Ski Preparation—Waxing Guide for Skating and Classic Skiing" (PDF). Swix. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-10-08. Retrieved 2016-01-20.

worldcat.org (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

search.worldcat.org

Bowden, F.P. (January 30, 1964). "Ski and Snow". New Scientist. 21 (376): 275. ISSN 0262-4079. Retrieved 2016-01-21.
Rees, David (1981). Cross-country skiing: touring and competition (3d ed.). Toronto: Copp C. Pitman. ISBN 978-0-7730-4045-8. OCLC 300405310.
Freberg, Baard Ingegerdsson; Haug, Line Småstuen; Olsen, Raymond; Daae, Hanne Line; Hersson, Merete; Thomsen, Cathrine; Thorud, Syvert; Becher, Georg; Molander, Paal; Ellingsen, Dag G. (October 2010). "Occupational Exposure to Airborne Perfluorinated Compounds during Professional Ski Waxing". Environmental Science & Technology. 44 (19): 7723–7728. Bibcode:2010EnST...44.7723F. doi:10.1021/es102033k. ISSN 0013-936X. PMID 20831156.
Grønnestad, Randi; Vázquez, Berta Pérez; Arukwe, Augustine; Jaspers, Veerle L. B.; Jenssen, Bjørn Munro; Karimi, Mahin; Lyche, Jan L.; Krøkje, Åse (2019-11-19). "Levels, Patterns, and Biomagnification Potential of Perfluoroalkyl Substances in a Terrestrial Food Chain in a Nordic Skiing Area". Environmental Science & Technology. 53 (22): 13390–13397. Bibcode:2019EnST...5313390G. doi:10.1021/acs.est.9b02533. hdl:11250/2680004. ISSN 0013-936X. PMID 31691564.

Ski wax (English Wikipedia)

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