Slavery in ancient Rome (English Wikipedia)

María Isabel Baldasarre, "Comentario sobre Androcles", Museo Nacional de Buenos Aires, inv. 5498, https://www.bellasartes.gob.ar/coleccion/obra/5498/

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

Jane F. Gardner, Women in Roman Law and Society (Taylor & Francis, 1986), n.p., citing the jurist Paulus.
Jane Gardner, Women in Roman Law and Society (Taylor & Frances, 2008), n.p.
Youval Rotman, "Byzantine Slavery and the Mediterranean World", Harvard University Press, 2009 p. 139
Margaret Y. MacDonald, "Children in House Churches in Light of New Research on Families in the Roman World", in The World of Jesus and the Early Church: Identity and Interpretation in the Early Communities of Faith (Hendrickson, 2011), n.p..
Rosenstein, Nathan (2005-12-15). Rome at War: Farms, Families, And Death in the Middle Republic. Univ of North Carolina Press. ISBN 978-0-8078-6410-4. Recent studies of Italian demography have further increased doubts about a rapid expansion of the peninsula's servile population in this era. No direct evidence exists for the number of slaves in Italy at any time. Brunt has little trouble showing that Beloch's estimate of 2 million during the reign of Augustus is without foundation. Brunt himself suggests that there were about 3 million slaves out of a total population in Italy of about 7.5 million at this date, but he readily concedes that this is no more than a guess. As Lo Cascio has cogently noted, that guess in effect is a product of Brunt's low estimate of the free population

britishmuseum.org (Global: 1,505^th place; English: 1,194^th place)

Casket, The British Museum, museum no. 1856,0623.5, https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/H_1856-0623-5

byu.edu (Global: 1,687^th place; English: 1,074^th place)

byustudies.byu.edu

John W Welch; John F Hall. "Chart 6-4: Estimated Distribution of Citizenship in the Roman Empire". Charting the New Testament.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Gardner, Jane F. (1989). "The Adoption of Roman Freedmen". Phoenix. 43 (3): 236–257. doi:10.2307/1088460. ISSN 0031-8299. JSTOR 1088460.
On maternal and neonatal mortality in the Roman world, see:
- Golden, Mark (1988). "Did the Ancients Care When Their Children Died?". Greece & Rome. 35 (2): 152–163. doi:10.1017/S0017383500033064. ISSN 0017-3835. JSTOR 642999.
- Hunt, Peter (2010). "Slavery". In Gagarin, Michael (ed.). The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Greece and Rome. Oxford: OUP. part Slavery in Rome, § 'Occupation'. doi:10.1093/acref/9780195170726.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-538839-8. OCLC 502156964. Retrieved 2 March 2025 – via TWL.
- Westermann, William Linn (1942). "Industrial Slavery in Roman Italy". The Journal of Economic History. 2 (2): 161. doi:10.1017/S0022050700052542. S2CID 154607039.
- Hopkins, Keith (1993). "Novel Evidence for Roman Slavery". Past & Present (138): 6, 8. doi:10.1093/past/138.1.3.

getty.edu (Global: 2,274^th place; English: 3,241^st place)

"Grave Relief of a Silversmith", Getty Museum Collection, object number 96.AA.40, https://www.getty.edu/art/collection/object/104034. See more on Publius Curtilius Agatho under "Commemoration" below.
"Grave Relief of Silversmith, feat. Kenneth Lapatin" (audio file), Getty Museum Collection, https://www.getty.edu/art/collection/object/104034.
Funerary Relief of Publius Curtilius Agatho, Silversmith, feat. Kenneth Lapatin (audio file), Getty Museum Collection, https://www.getty.edu/art/collection/object/104034

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chs.harvard.edu

'The Bitter Chain of Slavery': Reflections on Slavery in Ancient Rome. Keith Bradley. Curated studies. Hellenic Centre of Harvard University. https://chs.harvard.edu/curated-article/snowden-lectures-keith-bradley-the-bitter-chain-of-slavery/ Archived 2021-04-11 at the Wayback Machine
Keith Bradley, "'The Bitter Chain of Slavery': Reflections on Slavery in Ancient Rome", Snowden Lectures, Hellenic Centre of Harvard University (November 2, 2020), https://chs.harvard.edu/curated-article/snowden-lectures-keith-bradley-the-bitter-chain-of-slavery
'The Bitter Chain of Slavery': Reflections on Slavery in Ancient Rome. Keith Bradley. Curated studies. Hellenic Centre of Harvard University. https://chs.harvard.edu/curated-article/snowden-lectures-keith-bradley-the-bitter-chain-of-slavery/

jstor.org (Global: 26^th place; English: 20^th place)

Gardner, Jane F. (1989). "The Adoption of Roman Freedmen". Phoenix. 43 (3): 236–257. doi:10.2307/1088460. ISSN 0031-8299. JSTOR 1088460.
On maternal and neonatal mortality in the Roman world, see:
- Golden, Mark (1988). "Did the Ancients Care When Their Children Died?". Greece & Rome. 35 (2): 152–163. doi:10.1017/S0017383500033064. ISSN 0017-3835. JSTOR 642999.

moyak.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Moya K. Mason, "Roman Slavery: The Social, Cultural, Political, and Demographic Consequences". Retrieved 17 March 2021

newadvent.org (Global: 471^st place; English: 409^th place)

Catholic Encyclopedia, s.v. "Slavery and Christianity".
Augustine of Hippo. "Chapter 15 - Of the Liberty Proper to Man's Nature, And the Servitude Introduced by Sin", City of God 19". Retrieved 11 February 2016.

oxfordreference.com (Global: 938^th place; English: 658^th place)

Hunt, Peter (2010). "Slavery". In Gagarin, Michael (ed.). The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Greece and Rome. Oxford: OUP. part Slavery in Rome, § 'Occupation'. doi:10.1093/acref/9780195170726.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-538839-8. OCLC 502156964. Retrieved 2 March 2025 – via TWL.

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Westermann, William Linn (1942). "Industrial Slavery in Roman Italy". The Journal of Economic History. 2 (2): 161. doi:10.1017/S0022050700052542. S2CID 154607039.

tufts.edu (Global: 155^th place; English: 138^th place)

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"Harry Thurston Peck, Harpers Dictionary of Classical Antiquities (1898), Catasta". perseus.tufts.edu. Retrieved 2023-07-16.
"Statius, P. Papinius, Silvae, Book 2, Glauctas Atedii Melioris Delicatus". perseus.tufts.edu. Retrieved 2023-07-16.
Gellius, Aulus. Attic Nights. 6.4.1.
Cicero, Ad familiares 16.21

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penelope.uchicago.edu

Plutarch, Roman Questions 100

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

'The Bitter Chain of Slavery': Reflections on Slavery in Ancient Rome. Keith Bradley. Curated studies. Hellenic Centre of Harvard University. https://chs.harvard.edu/curated-article/snowden-lectures-keith-bradley-the-bitter-chain-of-slavery/ Archived 2021-04-11 at the Wayback Machine
Roman Civilization Archived 2009-02-03 at the Wayback Machine
William Smith, Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology vol. 3, p. 1182

wikisource.org (Global: 27^th place; English: 51^st place)

en.wikisource.org

Ingram, John Kells (1911). "Slavery" . In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 25 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 216–227.
Philippians 2:5–8

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Gardner, Jane F. (1989). "The Adoption of Roman Freedmen". Phoenix. 43 (3): 236–257. doi:10.2307/1088460. ISSN 0031-8299. JSTOR 1088460.
Schmeling, Gareth L; Arbiter, Petronius; Seneca, Lucius Annaeus (2020). Satyricon. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-99737-0. OCLC 1141413691.
On maternal and neonatal mortality in the Roman world, see:
- Golden, Mark (1988). "Did the Ancients Care When Their Children Died?". Greece & Rome. 35 (2): 152–163. doi:10.1017/S0017383500033064. ISSN 0017-3835. JSTOR 642999.
- Hopkins, Keith (1978). Conquerors and Slaves, Issue 1. Volume 1 of Sociological studies in Roman history. CUP Archive. pp. 4–5. ISBN 978-0-521-21945-7. OCLC 298105229.
- Hunt, Peter (2010). "Slavery". In Gagarin, Michael (ed.). The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Greece and Rome. Oxford: OUP. part Slavery in Rome, § 'Occupation'. doi:10.1093/acref/9780195170726.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-538839-8. OCLC 502156964. Retrieved 2 March 2025 – via TWL.

Slavery in ancient Rome (English Wikipedia)

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