Slavery in medieval Europe (English Wikipedia)

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Barthélemy, Dominique (2009). The Serf the Knight and the Historian. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. p. 69. ISBN 9780801436802.

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Rio, Alice (30 March 2017). Slavery After Rome, 500–1100. Oxford University Press. p. 23. ISBN 978-0-19-100902-0.
Rodriguez, Junius P. (December 1997). "Slavery in medieval Europe". The Historical Encyclopedia of World Slavery. ABC-CLIO. p. 596. ISBN 978-0-87436-885-7. 2 volumes
Biermann, Felix; Jankowiak, Marek (18 November 2021). The Archaeology of Slavery in Early Medieval Northern Europe: The invisible commodity. Springer Nature. ISBN 978-3-030-73291-2.
Rio, Alice (30 March 2017). Slavery After Rome, 500-1100. Oxford University Press. p. 39. ISBN 978-0-19-100902-0.
Fouracre, Paul; Gerberding, Richard A. (1996). Late Merovingian France: History and hagiography. Manchester University Press. pp. 97–99 & 111. ISBN 0-7190-4791-9.
Christian Slaves, Muslim Masters: White Slavery in the Mediterranean, the Barbary Coast and Italy, 1500–1800. Robert Davis (2004). p.45. ISBN 1-4039-4551-9.
Olivia Remie Constable (1996). Trade and Traders in Muslim Spain: The Commercial Realignment of the Iberian Peninsula, 900–1500. Cambridge University Press. pp. 203–204. ISBN 0521565030
Junius P Rodriguez (1997). The Historical Encyclopedia of World Slavery. Vol. 1. A – K. ABC-CLIO. p. 674. ISBN 9780874368857.
Galina I. Yermolenko (15 July 2010). Roxolana in European Literature, History and Culture. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. p. 111. ISBN 978-0-7546-6761-2. Retrieved 31 May 2012.
Campbelly, Jamesetta (2011). "Part I: The Romans to the Norman Conquest, 500 BC – AD 1066". In Clark, Jonathan (ed.). A World by Itself: A History of the British Isles. Random House. p. 23. ISBN 9780712664967. Whatever currency was in use [in Ireland in antiquity], it was not coin – as in other pre-coin economies, there was a system of conventional valuations in which female slaves, for example, were important units.
Keenan, Desmond (2004). The True Origins of Irish Society. Xlibris Corporation. p. 152. ISBN 9781465318695. For the slave raiders, slaves were a valuable currency. You could sell them to buy wine and other luxury goods. There was always a market for them. There was always an unending supply of them, if only you were stronger than your neighbour. [...] For the Irish, slave-raiding was a lucrative extension to the cattle-raiding.
Malamat, Abraham (1976). A History of the Jewish People. Harvard University Press. pp. ix, 564. ISBN 978-0-674-39731-6.
Toch, Michael (2013). The Economic History of European Jews: Late Antiquity and Early Middle Ages. Leiden, The Netherlands: Koninklijke Brill nV. pp. 178–190. ISBN 9789004235397. Retrieved 3 October 2022.
Rodriguez, Junius P. (December 1997). The Historical Encyclopedia of World Slavery [2 Volumes]. ABC-CLIO. p. 550. ISBN 978-0-87436-885-7.
Alburn, Cary R. (June 1959). "Corpus Juris Civilis: A Historical Romance". ABA Journal. American Bar Association. p. 564.
Kaplan, Lindsay (7 December 2018). Figuring Racism in Medieval Christianity. Oxford University Press. p. 144. ISBN 978-0-19-067824-1.
Allain, Jean (27 September 2012). The Legal Understanding of Slavery: From the Historical to the Contemporary. OUP Oxford. p. 38. ISBN 978-0-19-966046-9.
Phillips, William D. Jr. (1985). Slavery from Roman Times to the Early Transatlantic Trade. Manchester: Manchester University Press. p. 37. ISBN 978-0-7190-1825-1.
Clarence-Smith, W. G. (24 December 2006). Religions and the abolition of slavery – a comparative approach. C. Hurst & Company. ISBN 9781850657088.
Pope Nicholas V, "Dum diversas" (1452), in Bullarium patronatus Portugalliae regum in ecclesiis Africae, Asiae atque Oceaniae (1868) p. 22.

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Zilfi, Madeline C. (25 November 2016). "Mediterranean Slavery Revisited (500-1800): Neue Perspektiven auf Mediterrane Sklaverei (500-1800), written by Stefan Hanss and Juliane Schiel". Journal of Early Modern History. 20 (6): 594–595. doi:10.1163/15700658-00200006-05. ISSN 1385-3783.

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Korpela, Jukka. The Baltic Finnic People in the Medieval and Pre-Modern Eastern European Slave Trade, in 'Russian History, Volume 41, Issue 1' p. 85-117 [3]

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Barker, Hannah (27 September 2019). That Most Precious Merchandise. University of Pennsylvania Press. pp. 209–212. doi:10.9783/9780812296488. ISBN 9780812296488. S2CID 219875156.

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Collins, Roger (1995). Early Medieval Spain – Springer. doi:10.1007/978-1-349-24135-4. ISBN 978-0-333-64171-2.
Brink, Stefan (23 September 2021). "Scandinavian Slavery". Thraldom. Oxford University Press. pp. 70–76. doi:10.1093/oso/9780197532355.003.0004. ISBN 978-0-19-753235-5. Retrieved 22 November 2021.
Heebøll-Holm, Thomas K. (4 June 2020). "Piratical slave-raiding – the demise of a Viking practice in high medieval Denmark". Scandinavian Journal of History. 46 (4): 431–454. doi:10.1080/03468755.2020.1748106. ISSN 0346-8755. S2CID 219919380.
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Anne Taylor, Julie (1 April 2007). "Freedom and Bondage among Muslims in Southern Italy during the Thirteenth Century". Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs. 27 (1): 72–73. doi:10.1080/13602000701308889. ISSN 1360-2004. S2CID 216117913.
Cassar, P (24 July 1968). "A medical service for slaves in Malta during the rule of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem". Medical History. 12 (3): 270–277. doi:10.1017/s0025727300013314. PMC 1033829. PMID 4875614.
Zilfi, Madeline C. (25 November 2016). "Mediterranean Slavery Revisited (500-1800): Neue Perspektiven auf Mediterrane Sklaverei (500-1800), written by Stefan Hanss and Juliane Schiel". Journal of Early Modern History. 20 (6): 594–595. doi:10.1163/15700658-00200006-05. ISSN 1385-3783.
Berman, Harold J. (1977). "The Origins of Western Legal Science". Harvard Law Review. 90 (5): 894–943, 898. doi:10.2307/1340133. ISSN 0017-811X. JSTOR 1340133.
Fynn-Paul, Jeffrey (2017), "Empire, Monotheism and Slavery in the Greater Mediterranean Region from Antiquity to the Early Modern Era", Critical Readings on Global Slavery (4 vols.), Brill, pp. 553–587, doi:10.1163/9789004346611_021, ISBN 9789004346611, retrieved 6 December 2021
Jankowiak, Marek (20 January 2017). "What Does the Slave Trade in the Saqaliba Tell Us about Early Islamic Slavery?". International Journal of Middle East Studies. 49 (1): 171. doi:10.1017/s0020743816001240. ISSN 0020-7438. S2CID 165127852.
Wenner, Manfred W. (1980). "The Arab/Muslim Presence in Medieval Central Europe". International Journal of Middle East Studies. 12 (1): 62, 63. doi:10.1017/s0020743800027136. ISSN 0020-7438. S2CID 162537404.
Barker, Hannah (27 September 2019). That Most Precious Merchandise. University of Pennsylvania Press. pp. 209–212. doi:10.9783/9780812296488. ISBN 9780812296488. S2CID 219875156.
Raffield, Ben (December 2019). "The Slave Markets of the Viking World: Comparative Perspectives on an 'Invisible Archaeology". Slavery & Abolition. 40 (4): 682–705. doi:10.1080/0144039X.2019.1592976. S2CID 151255018.
Devroey, Jean-Pierre (2007). "Men and Women in Early Medieval Serfdom: the Ninth-Century North Frankish Evidence". Past and Present (166): 17. doi:10.1093/past/166.1.3.
Devroey, Jean-Pierre (2000). "Men and Women in Early Medieval Serfdom: The Ninth-Century North Frankish Evidence". Past and Present (166): 28. doi:10.1093/past/166.1.3.

dx.doi.org

Brink, Stefan (23 September 2021). "Scandinavian Slavery". Thraldom. Oxford University Press. pp. 70–76. doi:10.1093/oso/9780197532355.003.0004. ISBN 978-0-19-753235-5. Retrieved 22 November 2021.
Heebøll-Holm, Thomas K. (4 June 2020). "Piratical slave-raiding – the demise of a Viking practice in high medieval Denmark". Scandinavian Journal of History. 46 (4): 431–454. doi:10.1080/03468755.2020.1748106. ISSN 0346-8755. S2CID 219919380.
Reuter, Timothy (1 January 2013), "The text – The Annals of Fulda", The Annals of Fulda, Manchester University Press, p. 88, doi:10.7765/9781526112736.00009, ISBN 9781526112736, retrieved 22 November 2021
Fynn-Paul, Jeffrey (2017), "Empire, Monotheism and Slavery in the Greater Mediterranean Region from Antiquity to the Early Modern Era", Critical Readings on Global Slavery (4 vols.), Brill, pp. 553–587, doi:10.1163/9789004346611_021, ISBN 9789004346611, retrieved 6 December 2021
Wenner, Manfred W. (1980). "The Arab/Muslim Presence in Medieval Central Europe". International Journal of Middle East Studies. 12 (1): 62, 63. doi:10.1017/s0020743800027136. ISSN 0020-7438. S2CID 162537404.

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Valante, Mary A. (2013). "Castrating Monks: Vikings, the Slave Trade, and the Value of Eunuchs". In Tracy, Larissa (ed.). Castration and Culture in the Middle Ages. Boydell & Brewer. ISBN 978-1-84384-351-1. JSTOR 10.7722/j.ctt2tt1pr.
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Kamen, Deborah (2010). "A Corpus of Inscriptions: representing slave marks in Antiquity". Memoirs of the American Academy in Rome. 55. University of Michigan Press: 95–110. JSTOR 41419689.
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Cassar, P (24 July 1968). "A medical service for slaves in Malta during the rule of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem". Medical History. 12 (3): 270–277. doi:10.1017/s0025727300013314. PMC 1033829. PMID 4875614.

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Cassar, P (24 July 1968). "A medical service for slaves in Malta during the rule of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem". Medical History. 12 (3): 270–277. doi:10.1017/s0025727300013314. PMC 1033829. PMID 4875614.

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Anne Taylor, Julie (1 April 2007). "Freedom and Bondage among Muslims in Southern Italy during the Thirteenth Century". Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs. 27 (1): 72–73. doi:10.1080/13602000701308889. ISSN 1360-2004. S2CID 216117913.
Jankowiak, Marek (20 January 2017). "What Does the Slave Trade in the Saqaliba Tell Us about Early Islamic Slavery?". International Journal of Middle East Studies. 49 (1): 171. doi:10.1017/s0020743816001240. ISSN 0020-7438. S2CID 165127852.
Wenner, Manfred W. (1980). "The Arab/Muslim Presence in Medieval Central Europe". International Journal of Middle East Studies. 12 (1): 62, 63. doi:10.1017/s0020743800027136. ISSN 0020-7438. S2CID 162537404.
Barker, Hannah (27 September 2019). That Most Precious Merchandise. University of Pennsylvania Press. pp. 209–212. doi:10.9783/9780812296488. ISBN 9780812296488. S2CID 219875156.
Raffield, Ben (December 2019). "The Slave Markets of the Viking World: Comparative Perspectives on an 'Invisible Archaeology". Slavery & Abolition. 40 (4): 682–705. doi:10.1080/0144039X.2019.1592976. S2CID 151255018.

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Susan Jane Allen (2017). An Introduction to the Crusades. North York, Ontario, Canada. ISBN 978-1-4426-0023-2. OCLC 983482121.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
Heebøll-Holm, Thomas K. (4 June 2020). "Piratical slave-raiding – the demise of a Viking practice in high medieval Denmark". Scandinavian Journal of History. 46 (4): 431–454. doi:10.1080/03468755.2020.1748106. ISSN 0346-8755. S2CID 219919380.
Magnusson, Magnus; Palsson, Hermann (1969). Laxdaela saga ; Translated with an introduction by Magnus Magnusson and Hermann Palsson. Penguin. p. 64. OCLC 223343478.
Anne Taylor, Julie (1 April 2007). "Freedom and Bondage among Muslims in Southern Italy during the Thirteenth Century". Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs. 27 (1): 72–73. doi:10.1080/13602000701308889. ISSN 1360-2004. S2CID 216117913.
Zilfi, Madeline C. (25 November 2016). "Mediterranean Slavery Revisited (500-1800): Neue Perspektiven auf Mediterrane Sklaverei (500-1800), written by Stefan Hanss and Juliane Schiel". Journal of Early Modern History. 20 (6): 594–595. doi:10.1163/15700658-00200006-05. ISSN 1385-3783.
Berman, Harold J. (1977). "The Origins of Western Legal Science". Harvard Law Review. 90 (5): 894–943, 898. doi:10.2307/1340133. ISSN 0017-811X. JSTOR 1340133.
D., Phillips, William (2014). Slavery in Medieval and Early Modern Iberia. University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 20. ISBN 978-0-8122-4491-5. OCLC 913510589.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Fynn-Paul, Jeffrey (2009). "Empire, Monotheism and Slavery in the Greater Mediterranean Region from Antiquity to the Early Modern Era". Past & Present (205): 13. ISSN 0031-2746. JSTOR 40586930.
Jankowiak, Marek (20 January 2017). "What Does the Slave Trade in the Saqaliba Tell Us about Early Islamic Slavery?". International Journal of Middle East Studies. 49 (1): 171. doi:10.1017/s0020743816001240. ISSN 0020-7438. S2CID 165127852.
Wenner, Manfred W. (1980). "The Arab/Muslim Presence in Medieval Central Europe". International Journal of Middle East Studies. 12 (1): 62, 63. doi:10.1017/s0020743800027136. ISSN 0020-7438. S2CID 162537404.
O'Connell, Monique, 1974– (23 May 2016). The Mediterranean world : from the fall of Rome to the rise of Napoleon. Dursteler, Eric. Baltimore. ISBN 978-1-4214-1901-5. OCLC 921240187.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)

worldcat.org

Magnusson, Magnus; Palsson, Hermann (1969). Laxdaela saga ; Translated with an introduction by Magnus Magnusson and Hermann Palsson. Penguin. p. 64. OCLC 223343478.
D., Phillips, William (2014). Slavery in Medieval and Early Modern Iberia. University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 20. ISBN 978-0-8122-4491-5. OCLC 913510589.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)