Sleep (English Wikipedia)

Hegarty S (22 February 2012). "The myth of the eight-hour sleep". BBC News. Archived from the original on 22 February 2012. Retrieved 22 February 2012.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

Maquet PA, Sterpenich V, Albouy G, Dang-Vu T, Desseilles M, Boly M, et al. (2005). "Brain Imaging on Passing to Sleep". The Physiologic Nature of Sleep. Published by Imperial College Press and Distributed by World Scientific Publishing Co. pp. 123–137. doi:10.1142/9781860947186_0006. ISBN 978-1-86094-557-1.
Peraita-Adrados R (2005). "Electroencephalography, Polysomnography, and Other Sleep Recording Systems". The Physiologic Nature of Sleep. Published by Imperial College Press and Distributed by World Scientific Publishing Co. pp. 103–122. doi:10.1142/9781860947186_0005. ISBN 978-1-86094-557-1.
Mann JJ, Kupfer DJ (1993). Biology of Depressive Disorders: Subtypes of depression and comorbid disorders, Part 2 (Google books). Springer. p. 49. ISBN 978-0-306-44296-4. Archived from the original on 10 March 2017. Retrieved 24 July 2009.
Lee-chiong T (2008). Sleep Medicine: Essentials and Review. Oxford University Press, US. p. 52. ISBN 978-0-19-530659-0. Archived from the original on 11 March 2017. Retrieved 25 September 2016.
William SJ (2005). Sleep and Society: Sociological Ventures into the Un(known). New York City and London: Routledge. pp. 95–96. ISBN 978-0-415-35419-6.
Hansen W (2017). The Book of Greek & Roman Folktales, Legends & Myths. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. pp. 132–133. ISBN 978-0-691-17015-2.
Welch D (9 May 1887). The Theater. Vol. 3. New York City, New York: Theatre Publishing Company. p. 139. Retrieved 21 June 2017.
Bates A (1906). The Drama; Its History, Literature and Influence on Civilization: American Drama. Vol. 20. London, England: Historical Publishing Company. p. 121. Retrieved 21 June 2017.
Rothschild CK (2014). Paul in Athens: The Popular Religious Context of Acts 17. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck. pp. 40–42. ISBN 978-3-16-153260-3.

cambridge.org (Global: 209^th place; English: 151^st place)

Worthman CM, Melby MK (2002). "6. Toward a comparative developmental ecology of human sleep". In Carskadon MA (ed.). Adolescent Sleep Patterns: Biological, Social, and Psychological Influences. Cambridge University Press. pp. 69–117. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511499999.009. ISBN 978-0-521-64291-0.

cdc.gov (Global: 251^st place; English: 248^th place)

"How Much Sleep Do I Need?". CDC.gov. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 14 September 2022. Archived from the original on 2 November 2023. Last Reviewed: September 14, 2022. Source: National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Division of Population Health.
"CDC - Sleep Hygiene Tips - Sleep and Sleep Disorders". cdc.gov. 13 February 2019. Archived from the original on 28 December 2021. Retrieved 18 November 2021.

circledna.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

magazine.circledna.com

"Short Sleeper Syndrome: What Causes Short Sleep Duration?". Circle Magazine | Health, Wellness & Genetics Blog. 30 September 2021. Retrieved 14 October 2022.

cnn.com (Global: 36^th place; English: 26^th place)

edition.cnn.com

Rowland R (15 February 2002). "Experts challenge study linking sleep, life span". CNN. Archived from the original on 5 October 2012. Retrieved 29 October 2013.

cogprints.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

López HH, Bracha AS, Bracha HS (September 2002). "Evidence based complementary intervention for insomnia" (PDF). Hawaii Medical Journal. 61 (9): 192, 213. PMID 12422383. Archived (PDF) from the original on 1 May 2015. Retrieved 16 December 2010.

commons.wikimedia.org (Global: 484^th place; English: 698^th place)

Reference list is found on image page in Commons: Commons:File:Effects of sleep deprivation.svg#References

creativecommons.org (Global: 580^th place; English: 287^th place)

Konkoly, Karen R.; Appel, Kristoffer; Chabani, Emma; et al. (18 February 2021). "Real-time dialogue between experimenters and dreamers during REM sleep". Current Biology. 31 (7): 1417–1427.e6. Bibcode:2021CBio...31E1417K. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2021.01.026. ISSN 0960-9822. PMC 8162929. PMID 33607035. Available under CC BY 4.0 Archived 16 October 2017 at the Wayback Machine.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Krueger JM, Frank MG, Wisor JP, Roy S (August 2016). "Sleep function: Toward elucidating an enigma". Sleep Medicine Reviews. 28: 46–54. doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2015.08.005. ISSN 1087-0792. PMC 4769986. PMID 26447948.
Joiner WJ (October 2016). "Unraveling the Evolutionary Determinants of Sleep". Current Biology. 26 (20): R1073–R1087. Bibcode:2016CBio...26R1073J. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2016.08.068. PMC 5120870. PMID 27780049.
Keene, Alex C.; Duboue, Erik R. (12 June 2018). "The origins and evolution of sleep". The Journal of Experimental Biology. 221 (11) jeb159533. Bibcode:2018JExpB.221B9533K. doi:10.1242/jeb.159533. PMC 6515771. PMID 29895581.
Maquet PA, Sterpenich V, Albouy G, Dang-Vu T, Desseilles M, Boly M, et al. (2005). "Brain Imaging on Passing to Sleep". The Physiologic Nature of Sleep. Published by Imperial College Press and Distributed by World Scientific Publishing Co. pp. 123–137. doi:10.1142/9781860947186_0006. ISBN 978-1-86094-557-1.
Brown, pp. 1118–1119: "Compared with wakefulness, sleep reduces brain energy demands, as suggested by the 44% reduction in the cerebral metabolic rate (CMR) of glucose (791) and a 25% reduction in the CMR of O₂ (774) during sleep." Brown RE, Basheer R, McKenna JT, Strecker RE, McCarley RW (July 2012). "Control of sleep and wakefulness". Physiological Reviews. 92 (3): 1087–187. Bibcode:2012PhyRv..92.1087B. doi:10.1152/physrev.00032.2011. PMC 3621793. PMID 22811426.
Siegel JM (April 2008). "Do all animals sleep?". Trends in Neurosciences. 31 (4): 208–13. doi:10.1016/j.tins.2008.02.001. PMC 8765194. PMID 18328577. S2CID 6614359.
Brown, p. 1087. Brown RE, Basheer R, McKenna JT, Strecker RE, McCarley RW (July 2012). "Control of sleep and wakefulness". Physiological Reviews. 92 (3): 1087–187. Bibcode:2012PhyRv..92.1087B. doi:10.1152/physrev.00032.2011. PMC 3621793. PMID 22811426.
Peraita-Adrados R (2005). "Electroencephalography, Polysomnography, and Other Sleep Recording Systems". The Physiologic Nature of Sleep. Published by Imperial College Press and Distributed by World Scientific Publishing Co. pp. 103–122. doi:10.1142/9781860947186_0005. ISBN 978-1-86094-557-1.
Borbély AA, Daan S, Wirz-Justice A, Deboer T (14 January 2016), "The two-process model of sleep regulation: a reappraisal" (PDF), J Sleep Res, 25 (2): 131–43, doi:10.1111/jsr.12371, PMID 26762182, S2CID 206156163, archived (PDF) from the original on 13 April 2023, retrieved 11 March 2022
Posada-Quintero HF, Reljin N, Bolkhovsky JB, Orjuela-Cañón AD, Chon KH (19 September 2019), "Brain Activity Correlates With Cognitive Performance Deterioration During Sleep Deprivation.", Front. Neurosci., 13 1001, doi:10.3389/fnins.2019.01001, PMC 6761229, PMID 31607847
McCarley RW (June 2007). "Neurobiology of REM and NREM sleep". Sleep Medicine. 8 (4): 302–30. doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2007.03.005. PMID 17468046.
Silber MH, Ancoli-Israel S, Bonnet MH, Chokroverty S, Grigg-Damberger MM, Hirshkowitz M, et al. (March 2007). "The visual scoring of sleep in adults". Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine. 3 (2): 121–31. doi:10.5664/jcsm.26814. PMID 17557422.
Akerstedt T, Billiard M, Bonnet M, Ficca G, Garma L, Mariotti M, et al. (August 2002). "Awakening from sleep". Sleep Medicine Reviews. 6 (4): 267–86. doi:10.1053/smrv.2001.0202. PMID 12531132.
Roenneberg T, Kuehnle T, Juda M, Kantermann T, Allebrandt K, Gordijn M, Merrow M (December 2007). "Epidemiology of the human circadian clock" (PDF). Sleep Medicine Reviews. 11 (6): 429–38. doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2007.07.005. hdl:11370/65d6f03a-88cd-405c-a067-4afbc1b9ba9d. PMID 17936039. S2CID 11628329. Archived (PDF) from the original on 23 March 2023. Retrieved 16 August 2019.
Waterhouse J, Fukuda Y, Morita T (March 2012). "Daily rhythms of the sleep-wake cycle". Journal of Physiological Anthropology. 31 (5) 5. doi:10.1186/1880-6805-31-5. PMC 3375033. PMID 22738268.
Chang AM, Aeschbach D, Duffy JF, Czeisler CA (January 2015). "Evening use of light-emitting eReaders negatively affects sleep, circadian timing, and next-morning alertness". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 112 (4): 1232–7. Bibcode:2015PNAS..112.1232C. doi:10.1073/pnas.1418490112. PMC 4313820. PMID 25535358.
Basner M, Dinges DF (June 2009). "Dubious bargain: trading sleep for Leno and Letterman". Sleep. 32 (6): 747–52. doi:10.1093/sleep/32.6.747. PMC 2690561. PMID 19544750.
Tassi P, Muzet A (August 2000). "Sleep inertia". Sleep Medicine Reviews. 4 (4): 341–353. doi:10.1053/smrv.2000.0098. PMID 12531174.
Vallat, Raphael; Berry, Sarah E.; Tsereteli, Neli; Capdevila, Joan; Khatib, Haya Al; Valdes, Ana M.; Delahanty, Linda M.; Drew, David A.; Chan, Andrew T.; Wolf, Jonathan; Franks, Paul W.; Spector, Tim D.; Walker, Matthew P. (19 November 2022). "How people wake up is associated with previous night's sleep together with physical activity and food intake". Nature Communications. 13 (1): 7116. Bibcode:2022NatCo..13.7116V. doi:10.1038/s41467-022-34503-2. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 9675783. PMID 36402781.
Fuller PM, Gooley JJ, Saper CB (December 2006). "Neurobiology of the sleep-wake cycle: sleep architecture, circadian regulation, and regulatory feedback". Journal of Biological Rhythms. 21 (6): 482–93. doi:10.1177/0748730406294627. PMID 17107938. S2CID 36572447.
Wyatt JK, Ritz-De Cecco A, Czeisler CA, Dijk DJ (October 1999). "Circadian temperature and melatonin rhythms, sleep, and neurobehavioral function in humans living on a 20-h day". The American Journal of Physiology. 277 (4 Pt 2): R1152-63. doi:10.1152/ajpregu.1999.277.4.r1152. PMID 10516257. S2CID 4474347. ... significant homeostatic and circadian modulation of sleep structure, with the highest sleep efficiency occurring in sleep episodes bracketing the melatonin maximum and core body temperature minimum
Schwartz JR, Roth T (December 2008). "Neurophysiology of sleep and wakefulness: basic science and clinical implications". Current Neuropharmacology. 6 (4): 367–78. doi:10.2174/157015908787386050. PMC 2701283. PMID 19587857.
Brown, pp. 1134–1138. Brown RE, Basheer R, McKenna JT, Strecker RE, McCarley RW (July 2012). "Control of sleep and wakefulness". Physiological Reviews. 92 (3): 1087–187. Bibcode:2012PhyRv..92.1087B. doi:10.1152/physrev.00032.2011. PMC 3621793. PMID 22811426.
Gottselig JM, Adam M, Rétey JV, Khatami R, Achermann P, Landolt HP (March 2006). "Random number generation during sleep deprivation: effects of caffeine on response maintenance and stereotypy". Journal of Sleep Research. 15 (1): 31–40. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2869.2006.00497.x. PMID 16490000. S2CID 10355305.
Iglowstein I, Jenni OG, Molinari L, Largo RH (February 2003). "Sleep duration from infancy to adolescence: reference values and generational trends". Pediatrics. 111 (2): 302–7. Bibcode:2003Pedia.111..302I. doi:10.1542/peds.111.2.302. PMID 12563055. S2CID 8727836. Thus, the shift in the evening bedtime across cohorts accounted for the substantial decrease in sleep duration in younger children between the 1970s and the 1990s... [A] more liberal parental attitude toward evening bedtime in the past decades is most likely responsible for the bedtime shift and for the decline of sleep duration...
Huang ZL, Zhang Z, Qu WM (2014). "Roles of adenosine and its receptors in sleep-wake regulation". In Mori A (ed.). Adenosine Receptors in Neurology and Psychiatry. International Review of Neurobiology. Vol. 119. pp. 349–71. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-801022-8.00014-3. ISBN 978-0-12-801022-8. PMID 25175972.
Clark I, Landolt HP (February 2017). "Coffee, caffeine, and sleep: A systematic review of epidemiological studies and randomized controlled trials" (PDF). Sleep Medicine Reviews. 31: 70–78. doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2016.01.006. PMID 26899133. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 November 2018. Retrieved 19 November 2018.
Dagan Y (February 2002). "Circadian rhythm sleep disorders (CRSD)" (PDF). Sleep Medicine Reviews. 6 (1): 45–54. doi:10.1053/smrv.2001.0190. PMID 12531141. Archived from the original (PDF: full text) on 27 February 2008. Retrieved 5 June 2016. Early onset of CRSD, the ease of diagnosis, the high frequency of misdiagnosis and erroneous treatment, the potentially harmful psychological and adjustment consequences, and the availability of promising treatments, all indicate the importance of greater awareness of these disorders.
Naska A, Oikonomou E, Trichopoulou A, Psaltopoulou T, Trichopoulos D (February 2007). "Siesta in healthy adults and coronary mortality in the general population". Archives of Internal Medicine. 167 (3): 296–301. doi:10.1001/archinte.167.3.296. PMID 17296887.
Tanaka H, Tamura N (January 2016). "Sleep education with self-help treatment and sleep health promotion for mental and physical wellness in Japan". Sleep and Biological Rhythms. 14 (S1): 89–99. doi:10.1007/s41105-015-0018-6. PMC 4732678. PMID 26855610.
Brown, pp. 1138–1102. Brown RE, Basheer R, McKenna JT, Strecker RE, McCarley RW (July 2012). "Control of sleep and wakefulness". Physiological Reviews. 92 (3): 1087–187. Bibcode:2012PhyRv..92.1087B. doi:10.1152/physrev.00032.2011. PMC 3621793. PMID 22811426.
Zhang L, Fu YH (January 2020). "The molecular genetics of human sleep". The European Journal of Neuroscience. 51 (1): 422–428. doi:10.1111/ejn.14132. PMC 6389443. PMID 30144347.
Jones SE, Tyrrell J, Wood AR, Beaumont RN, Ruth KS, Tuke MA, et al. (August 2016). "Genome-Wide Association Analyses in 128,266 Individuals Identifies New Morningness and Sleep Duration Loci". PLOS Genetics. 12 (8) e1006125. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1006125. PMC 4975467. PMID 27494321.
Keenan BT, Galante RJ, Lian J, Zhang L, Guo X, Veatch OJ, et al. (December 2021). "The dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase gene contributes to heritable differences in sleep in mice". Current Biology. 31 (23): 5238–5248.e7. Bibcode:2021CBio...31E5238K. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2021.09.049. PMC 8665053. PMID 34653361. S2CID 238754563.
Yook, Ji Hyun; Rizwan, Muneeba; Shahid, Noor ul ain; Naguit, Noreen; Jakkoju, Rakesh; Laeeq, Sadia; Reghefaoui, Tiba; Zahoor, Hafsa; Mohammed, Lubna (25 October 2021). "Some Twist of Molecular Circuitry Fast Forwards Overnight Sleep Hours: A Systematic Review of Natural Short Sleepers' Genes". Cureus. 13 (10) e19045. doi:10.7759/cureus.19045. ISSN 2168-8184. PMC 8547374. PMID 34722012.
Panchin, Yuri; Kovalzon, Vladimir M. (2021). "Total Wake: Natural, Pathological, and Experimental Limits to Sleep Reduction". Frontiers in Neuroscience. 15 643496. doi:10.3389/fnins.2021.643496. ISSN 1662-453X. PMC 8058214. PMID 33897357.
Zheng, Liubin; Zhang, Luoying (September 2022). "The molecular mechanism of natural short sleep: A path towards understanding why we need to sleep". Brain Science Advances. 8 (3): 165–172. doi:10.26599/BSA.2022.9050003. ISSN 2096-5958. S2CID 250363367.
Barnes CM, Lucianetti L, Bhave DP, Christian MS (2015). "You wouldn't like me when I'm sleepy: Leaders' sleep, daily abusive supervision, and work unit engagement". Academy of Management Journal. 58 (5): 1419–1437. doi:10.5465/amj.2013.1063. S2CID 145056840. Archived from the original on 15 January 2021. Retrieved 25 December 2020.
Harvey AG, Payne S (March 2002). "The management of unwanted pre-sleep thoughts in insomnia: distraction with imagery versus general distraction". Behaviour Research and Therapy. 40 (3): 267–77. doi:10.1016/s0005-7967(01)00012-2. PMID 11863237. S2CID 16647017.
Zisapel N (May 2007). "Sleep and sleep disturbances: biological basis and clinical implications". Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences. 64 (10): 1174–86. doi:10.1007/s00018-007-6529-9. PMC 11136060. PMID 17364142. S2CID 2003308.
Dijk DJ, Lockley SW (February 2002). "Integration of human sleep-wake regulation and circadian rhythmicity". Journal of Applied Physiology. 92 (2): 852–62. doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00924.2001. PMID 11796701. S2CID 2502686. Consolidation of sleep for 8 h or more is only observed when sleep is initiated ~6–8 h before the temperature nadir.
Hirshkowitz, Max; Whiton, Kaitlyn; Albert, Steven M.; Alessi, Cathy; Bruni, Oliviero; DonCarlos, Lydia; Hazen, Nancy; Herman, John; Katz, Eliot S.; Kheirandish-Gozal, Leila; Neubauer, David N.; O'Donnell, Anne E.; Ohayon, Maurice; Peever, John; Rawding, Robert (March 2015). "National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary". Sleep Health. 1 (1): 40–43. doi:10.1016/j.sleh.2014.12.010. ISSN 2352-7226. PMID 29073412. S2CID 205190733.
Benbadis, S. R. (November 1998). "Daytime sleepiness: when is it normal? When to refer?". Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine. 65 (10): 543–549. doi:10.3949/ccjm.65.10.543 (inactive 5 May 2026). ISSN 0891-1150. PMID 9830788. S2CID 8222974.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of May 2026 (link)
Lauderdale DS, Knutson KL, Yan LL, Liu K, Rathouz PJ (November 2008). "Self-reported and measured sleep duration: how similar are they?". Epidemiology. 19 (6): 838–45. doi:10.1097/EDE.0b013e318187a7b0. PMC 2785092. PMID 18854708.
Arditte Hall, Kimberly A.; Werner, Kimberly B.; Griffin, Michael G.; Galovski, Tara E. (10 January 2022). "Exploring Predictors of Sleep State Misperception in Women with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder". Behavioral Sleep Medicine. 21 (1): 22–32. doi:10.1080/15402002.2021.2024193. ISSN 1540-2010. PMC 9271136. PMID 35007171.
Truzzi, Giselle de Martin; Teixeira, Igor de Lima; do Prado, Lucila Bizari Fernandes; do Prado, Gilmar Fernandes; Tufik, Sergio; Coelho, Fernando Morgadinho (January 2021). "Sleep state misperception: is there a CNS structural source?". Sleep Science (Sao Paulo, Brazil). 14 (Spec 1): 94–96. doi:10.5935/1984-0063.20200039. ISSN 1984-0659. PMC 8663728. PMID 34917280.
Patel SR, Ayas NT, Malhotra MR, White DP, Schernhammer ES, Speizer FE, et al. (May 2004). "A prospective study of sleep duration and mortality risk in women". Sleep. 27 (3): 440–4. doi:10.1093/sleep/27.3.440. PMID 15164896.
Patel SR, Malhotra A, Gottlieb DJ, White DP, Hu FB (July 2006). "Correlates of long sleep duration". Sleep. 29 (7): 881–9. doi:10.1093/sleep/29.7.881. PMC 3500381. PMID 16895254.; cf. Irwin MR, Ziegler M (February 2005). "Sleep deprivation potentiates activation of cardiovascular and catecholamine responses in abstinent alcoholics". Hypertension. 45 (2): 252–7. doi:10.1161/01.HYP.0000153517.44295.07. PMID 15642774. S2CID 2205895.
Ferrie JE, Shipley MJ, Cappuccio FP, Brunner E, Miller MA, Kumari M, Marmot MG (December 2007). "A prospective study of change in sleep duration: associations with mortality in the Whitehall II cohort". Sleep. 30 (12): 1659–66. doi:10.1093/sleep/30.12.1659. PMC 2276139. PMID 18246975.
Cappuccio FP, Taggart FM, Kandala NB, Currie A, Peile E, Stranges S, Miller MA (May 2008). "Meta-analysis of short sleep duration and obesity in children and adults". Sleep. 31 (5): 619–26. doi:10.1093/sleep/31.5.619. PMC 2398753. PMID 18517032.
Schmid SM, Hallschmid M, Schultes B (January 2015). "The metabolic burden of sleep loss". The Lancet. Diabetes & Endocrinology. 3 (1): 52–62. doi:10.1016/S2213-8587(14)70012-9. PMID 24731536.
Thase ME (2006). "Depression and sleep: pathophysiology and treatment". Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience. 8 (2): 217–26. doi:10.31887/DCNS.2006.8.2/mthase. PMC 3181772. PMID 16889107.
Murray, Greg; Harvey, Allison (2010). "Circadian rhythms and sleep in bipolar disorder". Bipolar Disorders. 12 (5): 459–472. doi:10.1111/j.1399-5618.2010.00843.x. ISSN 1398-5647. PMID 20712747. Retrieved 9 May 2026.
Suzuki M, Taniguchi T, Furihata R, Yoshita K, Arai Y, Yoshiike N, Uchiyama M (18 April 2019). "Seasonal changes in sleep duration and sleep problems: A prospective study in Japanese community residents". PLOS ONE. 14 (4) e0215345. Bibcode:2019PLoSO..1415345S. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0215345. PMC 6472875. PMID 30998709.
Dahl RE (2009). "The regulation of sleep and arousal: Development and psychopathology". Development and Psychopathology. 8 (1): 3–27. doi:10.1017/S0954579400006945. S2CID 143514600.
Scher A (March 2005). "Infant sleep at 10 months of age as a window to cognitive development". Early Human Development. 81 (3): 289–92. doi:10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2004.07.005. PMID 15814211.
Spruyt K, Aitken RJ, So K, Charlton M, Adamson TM, Horne RS (May 2008). "Relationship between sleep/wake patterns, temperament and overall development in term infants over the first year of life". Early Human Development. 84 (5): 289–96. doi:10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2007.07.002. PMID 17707119.
Bernier A, Carlson SM, Bordeleau S, Carrier J (2010). "Relations between physiological and cognitive regulatory systems: infant sleep regulation and subsequent executive functioning". Child Development. 81 (6): 1739–52. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2010.01507.x. PMID 21077861.
Hupbach A, Gomez RL, Bootzin RR, Nadel L (November 2009). "Nap-dependent learning in infants". Developmental Science. 12 (6): 1007–12. doi:10.1111/j.1467-7687.2009.00837.x. PMID 19840054.
Mindell JA, Williamson AA (August 2018). "Benefits of a bedtime routine in young children: Sleep, development, and beyond". Sleep Medicine Reviews. 40: 93–108. doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2017.10.007. PMC 6587181. PMID 29195725.
Hirshkowitz M, Whiton K, Albert SM, Alessi C, Bruni O, DonCarlos L, et al. (March 2015). "National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary". Sleep Health. 1 (1): 40–43. doi:10.1016/j.sleh.2014.12.010. PMID 29073412. S2CID 205190733. Archived from the original on 14 November 2017. Retrieved 4 February 2015.
Xie L, Kang H, Xu Q, Chen MJ, Liao Y, Thiyagarajan M, et al. (17 October 2013). "Sleep drives metabolite clearance from the adult brain". Science. 342 (6156): 373–7. Bibcode:2013Sci...342..373X. doi:10.1126/science.1241224. ISSN 0036-8075. PMC 3880190. PMID 24136970.
Siegel JM (October 2005). "Clues to the functions of mammalian sleep". Nature. 437 (7063): 1264–71. Bibcode:2005Natur.437.1264S. doi:10.1038/nature04285. PMC 8760626. PMID 16251951. S2CID 234089.
Hobson JA (October 2005). "Sleep is of the brain, by the brain and for the brain". Nature. 437 (7063): 1254–1256. Bibcode:2005Natur.437.1254H. doi:10.1038/nature04283. PMID 16251949. S2CID 1055112.
Plihal W, Born J (July 1997). "Effects of early and late nocturnal sleep on declarative and procedural memory". Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience. 9 (4): 534–47. doi:10.1162/jocn.1997.9.4.534. PMID 23968216. S2CID 3300300.
Rasch B, Büchel C, Gais S, Born J (March 2007). "Odor cues during slow-wave sleep prompt declarative memory consolidation". Science. 315 (5817): 1426–9. Bibcode:2007Sci...315.1426R. doi:10.1126/science.1138581. PMID 17347444. S2CID 19788434.
Born J, Wilhelm I (March 2012). "System consolidation of memory during sleep". Psychological Research. 76 (2): 192–203. doi:10.1007/s00426-011-0335-6. PMC 3278619. PMID 21541757.
Diekelmann S, Born J (February 2010). "The memory function of sleep". Nature Reviews. Neuroscience. 11 (2): 114–26. doi:10.1038/nrn2762. PMID 20046194. S2CID 1851910.
Rasch B, Born J (April 2013). "About sleep's role in memory". Physiological Reviews. 93 (2): 681–766. Bibcode:2013PhyRv..93..681R. doi:10.1152/physrev.00032.2012. PMC 3768102. PMID 23589831.
Schreiner T, Rasch B (November 2015). "Boosting Vocabulary Learning by Verbal Cueing During Sleep". Cerebral Cortex. 25 (11): 4169–79. doi:10.1093/cercor/bhu139. PMID 24962994.
Schreiner T, Rasch B (April 2017). "The beneficial role of memory reactivation for language learning during sleep: A review" (PDF). Brain and Language. 167: 94–105. doi:10.1016/j.bandl.2016.02.005. PMID 27036946. S2CID 3377186. Archived (PDF) from the original on 18 October 2021. Retrieved 17 February 2022.
Ngo HV, Martinetz T, Born J, Mölle M (May 2013). "Auditory closed-loop stimulation of the sleep slow oscillation enhances memory". Neuron. 78 (3): 545–53. doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2013.03.006. PMID 23583623.
Klinzing JG, Kugler S, Soekadar SR, Rasch B, Born J, Diekelmann S (January 2018). "Odor cueing during slow-wave sleep benefits memory independently of low cholinergic tone". Psychopharmacology. 235 (1): 291–299. doi:10.1007/s00213-017-4768-5. PMC 5748395. PMID 29119218.
Schreiner T, Doeller CF, Jensen O, Rasch B, Staudigl T (October 2018). "Theta Phase-Coordinated Memory Reactivation Reoccurs in a Slow-Oscillatory Rhythm during NREM Sleep". Cell Reports. 25 (2): 296–301. doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2018.09.037. PMC 6198287. PMID 30304670.
Schreiner T, Göldi M, Rasch B (November 2015). "Cueing vocabulary during sleep increases theta activity during later recognition testing". Psychophysiology. 52 (11): 1538–43. doi:10.1111/psyp.12505. PMID 26235609.
Groch S, Schreiner T, Rasch B, Huber R, Wilhelm I (January 2017). "Prior knowledge is essential for the beneficial effect of targeted memory reactivation during sleep". Scientific Reports. 7 39763. Bibcode:2017NatSR...739763G. doi:10.1038/srep39763. PMC 5209656. PMID 28051138.
Konkoly, Karen R.; Appel, Kristoffer; Chabani, Emma; et al. (18 February 2021). "Real-time dialogue between experimenters and dreamers during REM sleep". Current Biology. 31 (7): 1417–1427.e6. Bibcode:2021CBio...31E1417K. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2021.01.026. ISSN 0960-9822. PMC 8162929. PMID 33607035. Available under CC BY 4.0 Archived 16 October 2017 at the Wayback Machine.
Brown, pp. 1146–1147. Brown RE, Basheer R, McKenna JT, Strecker RE, McCarley RW (July 2012). "Control of sleep and wakefulness". Physiological Reviews. 92 (3): 1087–187. Bibcode:2012PhyRv..92.1087B. doi:10.1152/physrev.00032.2011. PMC 3621793. PMID 22811426.
Buman MP, King AC (2010). "Exercise as a Treatment to Enhance Sleep". American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine. 4 (6): 500–514. doi:10.1177/1559827610375532. S2CID 73314918.
Lollies, Friederike; Schnatschmidt, Marisa; Bihlmeier, Isabell; Genuneit, Jon; In-Albnon, Tina; Holtmann, Martin; Legenbauer, Tanja; Schlarb, Angelika Anita (December 2022). "Associations of sleep and emotion regulation processes in childhood and adolescence - a systematic review, report of methodological challenges and future directions". Sleep Science. 15 (4): 490–514. doi:10.5935/1984-0063.20220082. ISSN 1984-0659. PMC 9670771. PMID 36419813.
Hale L, Troxel W, Buysse DJ (April 2020). "Sleep Health: An Opportunity for Public Health to Address Health Equity". Annual Review of Public Health. 41 (1): 81–99. doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-040119-094412. PMC 7944938. PMID 31900098.
Jackson CL, Redline S, Emmons KM (March 2015). "Sleep as a potential fundamental contributor to disparities in cardiovascular health". Annual Review of Public Health. 36 (1): 417–440. doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-031914-122838. PMC 4736723. PMID 25785893.
Cespedes Feliciano EM, Quante M, Rifas-Shiman SL, Redline S, Oken E, Taveras EM (July 2018). "Objective Sleep Characteristics and Cardiometabolic Health in Young Adolescents". Pediatrics. 142 (1) e20174085. doi:10.1542/peds.2017-4085. PMC 6260972. PMID 29907703.
St-Onge MP, Grandner MA, Brown D, Conroy MB, Jean-Louis G, Coons M, Bhatt DL (November 2016). "Sleep Duration and Quality: Impact on Lifestyle Behaviors and Cardiometabolic Health: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association". Circulation (Review). 134 (18): e367–e386. doi:10.1161/CIR.0000000000000444. PMC 5567876. PMID 27647451.
Wang R, Dong Y, Weng J, Kontos EZ, Chervin RD, Rosen CL, et al. (January 2017). "Associations among Neighborhood, Race, and Sleep Apnea Severity in Children. A Six-City Analysis". Annals of the American Thoracic Society. 14 (1): 76–84. doi:10.1513/AnnalsATS.201609-662OC. PMC 5291481. PMID 27768852.
Saini, Y., Rai, A., & Sen, S. (2025). "Relationship Between Sleep Posture and Low Back Pain: A Systematic Review". Musculoskeletal Care. 23 (2) e70114. doi:10.1002/msc.70114. PMID 40338112.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Yamada, S., Hoshi, T., Toda, M., Tsuge, T., Yamada, K., Matsudaira, K., & Oka, H. (2025). "Sleep and Pillows: A New Approach to Improve Neck Pain with Somatic Symptoms Using Strictly Adjusted-Height Pillows". SLEEP. 45: A567. doi:10.1093/sleep/zsaf090.1316.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Sudelska, Sawińska, Tarsa, Kępka, Łokczewska-Bojar, Kuziemkowska, Kuźma, Ben Rhaiem, Skotalczyk, Łącka-Majcher (2023). "Health significance of body position during sleep - literature review". Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 16 (1): 162–173. doi:10.12775/JEHS.2023.16.01.015.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Caggiari, G., Talesa, G. R., Toro, G., Jannelli, E., Monteleone, G., & Puddu, L. (2021). "What type of mattress should be chosen to avoid back pain and improve sleep quality? Review of the literature". Journal of Orthopaedics and Traumatology. 22 (1) 51: 1–14. doi:10.1186/s10195-021-00616-5. PMC 8655046. PMID 34878594.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Pang, J. C., Tsang, S. M., & Fu, A. C. (2021). "The effects of pillow designs on neck pain, waking symptoms, neck disability, sleep quality and spinal alignment in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis". Clinical Biomechanics. 85 105353. doi:10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2021.105353. PMID 33895703.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Rosen, Ilene M.; Aurora, R. Nisha; Kirsch, Douglas B.; Carden, Kelly A.; Malhotra, Raman K.; Ramar, Kannan; Abbasi-Feinberg, Fariha; Kristo, David A.; Martin, Jennifer L.; Olson, Eric J.; Rosen, Carol L.; Rowley, James A.; Shelgikar, Anita V. (15 November 2019). "Chronic Opioid Therapy and Sleep: An American Academy of Sleep Medicine Position Statement". Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine. 15 (11): 1671–1673. doi:10.5664/jcsm.8062. ISSN 1550-9389. PMC 6853382. PMID 31739858.
Abarca C, Albrecht U, Spanagel R (June 2002). "Cocaine sensitization and reward are under the influence of circadian genes and rhythm". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 99 (13): 9026–30. Bibcode:2002PNAS...99.9026A. doi:10.1073/pnas.142039099. PMC 124417. PMID 12084940.
O'Callaghan F, Muurlink O, Reid N (7 December 2018). "Effects of caffeine on sleep quality and daytime functioning". Risk Management and Healthcare Policy. 11: 263–271. doi:10.2147/RMHP.S156404. PMC 6292246. PMID 30573997.
Murphy, P. J.; Badia, P.; Myers, B. L.; Boecker, M. R.; Wright, K. P. (June 1994). "Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs affect normal sleep patterns in humans". Physiology & Behavior. 55 (6): 1063–1066. doi:10.1016/0031-9384(94)90388-3. ISSN 0031-9384. PMID 8047572. S2CID 25887442.
Copinschi, G.; Leproult, R.; Van Onderbergen, A.; Caufriez, A.; Cole, K. Y.; Schilling, L. M.; Mendel, C. M.; De Lepeleire, I.; Bolognese, J. A.; Van Cauter, E. (October 1997). "Prolonged oral treatment with MK-677, a novel growth hormone secretagogue, improves sleep quality in man". Neuroendocrinology. 66 (4): 278–286. doi:10.1159/000127249. ISSN 0028-3835. PMID 9349662.
St-Onge MP, Mikic A, Pietrolungo CE (September 2016). "Effects of Diet on Sleep Quality". Advances in Nutrition. 7 (5): 938–49. doi:10.3945/an.116.012336. PMC 5015038. PMID 27633109.
Peuhkuri K, Sihvola N, Korpela R (May 2012). "Diet promotes sleep duration and quality". Nutrition Research. 32 (5): 309–19. doi:10.1016/j.nutres.2012.03.009. PMID 22652369.
St-Onge M, Mikic A, Cara E, Pietrolungo CE (2016). "Effects of Diet on Sleep Quality". Advances in Nutrition. 7 (5): 938–949. doi:10.3945/an.116.012336. PMC 5015038. PMID 27633109.
St-Onge M, Cherta-Murillo A, Owen L (2023). "The interrelationship between sleep, diet, and glucose metabolism". Sleep Medicine Reviews. 69 101788. doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2023.101788. PMC 10247426. PMID 37156196.
Worthman CM, Melby MK (2002). "6. Toward a comparative developmental ecology of human sleep". In Carskadon MA (ed.). Adolescent Sleep Patterns: Biological, Social, and Psychological Influences. Cambridge University Press. pp. 69–117. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511499999.009. ISBN 978-0-521-64291-0.
Jeon M, Dimitriou D, Halstead EJ (February 2021). "A Systematic Review on Cross-Cultural Comparative Studies of Sleep in Young Populations: The Roles of Cultural Factors". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 18 (4): 2005. doi:10.3390/ijerph18042005. PMC 7922907. PMID 33669583.
Samson DR (21 October 2021). "The Human Sleep Paradox: The Unexpected Sleeping Habits of Homo sapiens". Annual Review of Anthropology. 50 (1): 259–274. doi:10.1146/annurev-anthro-010220-075523. ISSN 0084-6570. S2CID 237845665.
Ekirch AR (2001). "Sleep we have lost: pre-industrial slumber in the British Isles". The American Historical Review. 106 (2): 343–86. doi:10.2307/2651611. JSTOR 2651611. PMID 18680884.
Doerig, Adrien; Schurger, Aaron; Hess, Kathryn; Herzog, Michael H. (1 July 2019). "The unfolding argument: Why IIT and other causal structure theories cannot explain consciousness". Consciousness and Cognition. 72: 49–59. doi:10.1016/j.concog.2019.04.002. ISSN 1053-8100. PMID 31078047. S2CID 147704603.
Tsytsarev, Vassiliy (February 2022). "Methodological aspects of studying the mechanisms of consciousness". Behavioural Brain Research. 419 113684. doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113684. PMID 34838578. S2CID 244570791.
Kerskens, Christian Matthias; López Pérez, David (1 October 2022). "Experimental indications of non-classical brain functions". Journal of Physics Communications. 6 (10): 105001. arXiv:1806.07998. Bibcode:2022JPhCo...6j5001K. doi:10.1088/2399-6528/ac94be. ISSN 2399-6528.

edisonspinecenter.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Edison Spine Center, Sleeping Positions for Back and Neck Pain Archived 30 November 2025 at the Wayback Machine

hdl.handle.net (Global: 66^th place; English: 34^th place)

Roenneberg T, Kuehnle T, Juda M, Kantermann T, Allebrandt K, Gordijn M, Merrow M (December 2007). "Epidemiology of the human circadian clock" (PDF). Sleep Medicine Reviews. 11 (6): 429–38. doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2007.07.005. hdl:11370/65d6f03a-88cd-405c-a067-4afbc1b9ba9d. PMID 17936039. S2CID 11628329. Archived (PDF) from the original on 23 March 2023. Retrieved 16 August 2019.

health.harvard.edu (Global: 7,776^th place; English: 8,917^th place)

Harvard Medical School, Say "good night" to neck pain, February 2, 2022

helpguide.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

de Benedictis T, Larson H, Kemp G, Barston S, Segal R (2007). "Understanding Sleep: Sleep Needs, Cycles, and Stages". Helpguide.org. Archived from the original on 24 January 2008. Retrieved 25 January 2008.

henryford.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

The Best Sleeping Positions To Avoid Back Pain, Henry Ford Health, July 8, 2025

hss.edu (Global: low place; English: low place)

Sleeping with Neck Pain: Advice from a Pain Specialist Archived 4 December 2025 at the Wayback Machine, HSS | Hospital for Special Surgery, 4/3/2023

huffingtonpost.com (Global: 212^th place; English: 141^st place)

Frank P (24 June 2016). "Why Have Artists Always Found Sleep Such A Fascinating Subject?". HuffPost. Archived from the original on 25 July 2017. Retrieved 14 July 2017.

inverse.com (Global: 1,941^st place; English: 1,159^th place)

Hancock, Jay (9 October 2022). "This easy, no-cost solution could help treat a super common sleep condition". Inverse. Retrieved 15 October 2022.

jstor.org (Global: 23^rd place; English: 15^th place)

Ekirch AR (2001). "Sleep we have lost: pre-industrial slumber in the British Isles". The American Historical Review. 106 (2): 343–86. doi:10.2307/2651611. JSTOR 2651611. PMID 18680884.

mcgill.ca (Global: 2,445^th place; English: 1,513^th place)

thebrain.mcgill.ca

"The brain from top to bottom: Molecules that build up and make you sleep". McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Archived from the original on 7 February 2013. Retrieved 20 September 2012.

medlineplus.gov (Global: 1,521^st place; English: 1,017^th place)

"Natural short sleeper: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia". medlineplus.gov. Retrieved 14 October 2022.

nationalpost.com (Global: 1,018^th place; English: 559^th place)

Randall DK (19 September 2012). "Book excerpt: How the lightbulb disrupted our sleeping patterns and changed the world". National Post. Retrieved 31 August 2016. "... the sudden introduction of bright nights during hours when it should be dark threw a wrench into a finely choreographed system of life.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)

neurosono.com.br (Global: low place; English: low place)

Dagan Y (February 2002). "Circadian rhythm sleep disorders (CRSD)" (PDF). Sleep Medicine Reviews. 6 (1): 45–54. doi:10.1053/smrv.2001.0190. PMID 12531141. Archived from the original (PDF: full text) on 27 February 2008. Retrieved 5 June 2016. Early onset of CRSD, the ease of diagnosis, the high frequency of misdiagnosis and erroneous treatment, the potentially harmful psychological and adjustment consequences, and the availability of promising treatments, all indicate the importance of greater awareness of these disorders.

nih.gov (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Krueger JM, Frank MG, Wisor JP, Roy S (August 2016). "Sleep function: Toward elucidating an enigma". Sleep Medicine Reviews. 28: 46–54. doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2015.08.005. ISSN 1087-0792. PMC 4769986. PMID 26447948.
Joiner WJ (October 2016). "Unraveling the Evolutionary Determinants of Sleep". Current Biology. 26 (20): R1073–R1087. Bibcode:2016CBio...26R1073J. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2016.08.068. PMC 5120870. PMID 27780049.
Keene, Alex C.; Duboue, Erik R. (12 June 2018). "The origins and evolution of sleep". The Journal of Experimental Biology. 221 (11) jeb159533. Bibcode:2018JExpB.221B9533K. doi:10.1242/jeb.159533. PMC 6515771. PMID 29895581.
Brown, pp. 1118–1119: "Compared with wakefulness, sleep reduces brain energy demands, as suggested by the 44% reduction in the cerebral metabolic rate (CMR) of glucose (791) and a 25% reduction in the CMR of O₂ (774) during sleep." Brown RE, Basheer R, McKenna JT, Strecker RE, McCarley RW (July 2012). "Control of sleep and wakefulness". Physiological Reviews. 92 (3): 1087–187. Bibcode:2012PhyRv..92.1087B. doi:10.1152/physrev.00032.2011. PMC 3621793. PMID 22811426.
Siegel JM (April 2008). "Do all animals sleep?". Trends in Neurosciences. 31 (4): 208–13. doi:10.1016/j.tins.2008.02.001. PMC 8765194. PMID 18328577. S2CID 6614359.
Brown, p. 1087. Brown RE, Basheer R, McKenna JT, Strecker RE, McCarley RW (July 2012). "Control of sleep and wakefulness". Physiological Reviews. 92 (3): 1087–187. Bibcode:2012PhyRv..92.1087B. doi:10.1152/physrev.00032.2011. PMC 3621793. PMID 22811426.
Borbély AA, Daan S, Wirz-Justice A, Deboer T (14 January 2016), "The two-process model of sleep regulation: a reappraisal" (PDF), J Sleep Res, 25 (2): 131–43, doi:10.1111/jsr.12371, PMID 26762182, S2CID 206156163, archived (PDF) from the original on 13 April 2023, retrieved 11 March 2022
Posada-Quintero HF, Reljin N, Bolkhovsky JB, Orjuela-Cañón AD, Chon KH (19 September 2019), "Brain Activity Correlates With Cognitive Performance Deterioration During Sleep Deprivation.", Front. Neurosci., 13 1001, doi:10.3389/fnins.2019.01001, PMC 6761229, PMID 31607847
McCarley RW (June 2007). "Neurobiology of REM and NREM sleep". Sleep Medicine. 8 (4): 302–30. doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2007.03.005. PMID 17468046.
Silber MH, Ancoli-Israel S, Bonnet MH, Chokroverty S, Grigg-Damberger MM, Hirshkowitz M, et al. (March 2007). "The visual scoring of sleep in adults". Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine. 3 (2): 121–31. doi:10.5664/jcsm.26814. PMID 17557422.
Akerstedt T, Billiard M, Bonnet M, Ficca G, Garma L, Mariotti M, et al. (August 2002). "Awakening from sleep". Sleep Medicine Reviews. 6 (4): 267–86. doi:10.1053/smrv.2001.0202. PMID 12531132.
Roenneberg T, Kuehnle T, Juda M, Kantermann T, Allebrandt K, Gordijn M, Merrow M (December 2007). "Epidemiology of the human circadian clock" (PDF). Sleep Medicine Reviews. 11 (6): 429–38. doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2007.07.005. hdl:11370/65d6f03a-88cd-405c-a067-4afbc1b9ba9d. PMID 17936039. S2CID 11628329. Archived (PDF) from the original on 23 March 2023. Retrieved 16 August 2019.
Waterhouse J, Fukuda Y, Morita T (March 2012). "Daily rhythms of the sleep-wake cycle". Journal of Physiological Anthropology. 31 (5) 5. doi:10.1186/1880-6805-31-5. PMC 3375033. PMID 22738268.
Chang AM, Aeschbach D, Duffy JF, Czeisler CA (January 2015). "Evening use of light-emitting eReaders negatively affects sleep, circadian timing, and next-morning alertness". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 112 (4): 1232–7. Bibcode:2015PNAS..112.1232C. doi:10.1073/pnas.1418490112. PMC 4313820. PMID 25535358.
Basner M, Dinges DF (June 2009). "Dubious bargain: trading sleep for Leno and Letterman". Sleep. 32 (6): 747–52. doi:10.1093/sleep/32.6.747. PMC 2690561. PMID 19544750.
Tassi P, Muzet A (August 2000). "Sleep inertia". Sleep Medicine Reviews. 4 (4): 341–353. doi:10.1053/smrv.2000.0098. PMID 12531174.
Vallat, Raphael; Berry, Sarah E.; Tsereteli, Neli; Capdevila, Joan; Khatib, Haya Al; Valdes, Ana M.; Delahanty, Linda M.; Drew, David A.; Chan, Andrew T.; Wolf, Jonathan; Franks, Paul W.; Spector, Tim D.; Walker, Matthew P. (19 November 2022). "How people wake up is associated with previous night's sleep together with physical activity and food intake". Nature Communications. 13 (1): 7116. Bibcode:2022NatCo..13.7116V. doi:10.1038/s41467-022-34503-2. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 9675783. PMID 36402781.
Fuller PM, Gooley JJ, Saper CB (December 2006). "Neurobiology of the sleep-wake cycle: sleep architecture, circadian regulation, and regulatory feedback". Journal of Biological Rhythms. 21 (6): 482–93. doi:10.1177/0748730406294627. PMID 17107938. S2CID 36572447.
Wyatt JK, Ritz-De Cecco A, Czeisler CA, Dijk DJ (October 1999). "Circadian temperature and melatonin rhythms, sleep, and neurobehavioral function in humans living on a 20-h day". The American Journal of Physiology. 277 (4 Pt 2): R1152-63. doi:10.1152/ajpregu.1999.277.4.r1152. PMID 10516257. S2CID 4474347. ... significant homeostatic and circadian modulation of sleep structure, with the highest sleep efficiency occurring in sleep episodes bracketing the melatonin maximum and core body temperature minimum
Schwartz JR, Roth T (December 2008). "Neurophysiology of sleep and wakefulness: basic science and clinical implications". Current Neuropharmacology. 6 (4): 367–78. doi:10.2174/157015908787386050. PMC 2701283. PMID 19587857.
Brown, pp. 1134–1138. Brown RE, Basheer R, McKenna JT, Strecker RE, McCarley RW (July 2012). "Control of sleep and wakefulness". Physiological Reviews. 92 (3): 1087–187. Bibcode:2012PhyRv..92.1087B. doi:10.1152/physrev.00032.2011. PMC 3621793. PMID 22811426.
Gottselig JM, Adam M, Rétey JV, Khatami R, Achermann P, Landolt HP (March 2006). "Random number generation during sleep deprivation: effects of caffeine on response maintenance and stereotypy". Journal of Sleep Research. 15 (1): 31–40. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2869.2006.00497.x. PMID 16490000. S2CID 10355305.
Iglowstein I, Jenni OG, Molinari L, Largo RH (February 2003). "Sleep duration from infancy to adolescence: reference values and generational trends". Pediatrics. 111 (2): 302–7. Bibcode:2003Pedia.111..302I. doi:10.1542/peds.111.2.302. PMID 12563055. S2CID 8727836. Thus, the shift in the evening bedtime across cohorts accounted for the substantial decrease in sleep duration in younger children between the 1970s and the 1990s... [A] more liberal parental attitude toward evening bedtime in the past decades is most likely responsible for the bedtime shift and for the decline of sleep duration...
Huang ZL, Zhang Z, Qu WM (2014). "Roles of adenosine and its receptors in sleep-wake regulation". In Mori A (ed.). Adenosine Receptors in Neurology and Psychiatry. International Review of Neurobiology. Vol. 119. pp. 349–71. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-801022-8.00014-3. ISBN 978-0-12-801022-8. PMID 25175972.
Clark I, Landolt HP (February 2017). "Coffee, caffeine, and sleep: A systematic review of epidemiological studies and randomized controlled trials" (PDF). Sleep Medicine Reviews. 31: 70–78. doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2016.01.006. PMID 26899133. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 November 2018. Retrieved 19 November 2018.
Dagan Y (February 2002). "Circadian rhythm sleep disorders (CRSD)" (PDF). Sleep Medicine Reviews. 6 (1): 45–54. doi:10.1053/smrv.2001.0190. PMID 12531141. Archived from the original (PDF: full text) on 27 February 2008. Retrieved 5 June 2016. Early onset of CRSD, the ease of diagnosis, the high frequency of misdiagnosis and erroneous treatment, the potentially harmful psychological and adjustment consequences, and the availability of promising treatments, all indicate the importance of greater awareness of these disorders.
Naska A, Oikonomou E, Trichopoulou A, Psaltopoulou T, Trichopoulos D (February 2007). "Siesta in healthy adults and coronary mortality in the general population". Archives of Internal Medicine. 167 (3): 296–301. doi:10.1001/archinte.167.3.296. PMID 17296887.
Tanaka H, Tamura N (January 2016). "Sleep education with self-help treatment and sleep health promotion for mental and physical wellness in Japan". Sleep and Biological Rhythms. 14 (S1): 89–99. doi:10.1007/s41105-015-0018-6. PMC 4732678. PMID 26855610.
Brown, pp. 1138–1102. Brown RE, Basheer R, McKenna JT, Strecker RE, McCarley RW (July 2012). "Control of sleep and wakefulness". Physiological Reviews. 92 (3): 1087–187. Bibcode:2012PhyRv..92.1087B. doi:10.1152/physrev.00032.2011. PMC 3621793. PMID 22811426.
Zhang L, Fu YH (January 2020). "The molecular genetics of human sleep". The European Journal of Neuroscience. 51 (1): 422–428. doi:10.1111/ejn.14132. PMC 6389443. PMID 30144347.
Jones SE, Tyrrell J, Wood AR, Beaumont RN, Ruth KS, Tuke MA, et al. (August 2016). "Genome-Wide Association Analyses in 128,266 Individuals Identifies New Morningness and Sleep Duration Loci". PLOS Genetics. 12 (8) e1006125. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1006125. PMC 4975467. PMID 27494321.
Keenan BT, Galante RJ, Lian J, Zhang L, Guo X, Veatch OJ, et al. (December 2021). "The dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase gene contributes to heritable differences in sleep in mice". Current Biology. 31 (23): 5238–5248.e7. Bibcode:2021CBio...31E5238K. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2021.09.049. PMC 8665053. PMID 34653361. S2CID 238754563.
Yook, Ji Hyun; Rizwan, Muneeba; Shahid, Noor ul ain; Naguit, Noreen; Jakkoju, Rakesh; Laeeq, Sadia; Reghefaoui, Tiba; Zahoor, Hafsa; Mohammed, Lubna (25 October 2021). "Some Twist of Molecular Circuitry Fast Forwards Overnight Sleep Hours: A Systematic Review of Natural Short Sleepers' Genes". Cureus. 13 (10) e19045. doi:10.7759/cureus.19045. ISSN 2168-8184. PMC 8547374. PMID 34722012.
Panchin, Yuri; Kovalzon, Vladimir M. (2021). "Total Wake: Natural, Pathological, and Experimental Limits to Sleep Reduction". Frontiers in Neuroscience. 15 643496. doi:10.3389/fnins.2021.643496. ISSN 1662-453X. PMC 8058214. PMID 33897357.
Harvey AG, Payne S (March 2002). "The management of unwanted pre-sleep thoughts in insomnia: distraction with imagery versus general distraction". Behaviour Research and Therapy. 40 (3): 267–77. doi:10.1016/s0005-7967(01)00012-2. PMID 11863237. S2CID 16647017.
Zisapel N (May 2007). "Sleep and sleep disturbances: biological basis and clinical implications". Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences. 64 (10): 1174–86. doi:10.1007/s00018-007-6529-9. PMC 11136060. PMID 17364142. S2CID 2003308.
Dijk DJ, Lockley SW (February 2002). "Integration of human sleep-wake regulation and circadian rhythmicity". Journal of Applied Physiology. 92 (2): 852–62. doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00924.2001. PMID 11796701. S2CID 2502686. Consolidation of sleep for 8 h or more is only observed when sleep is initiated ~6–8 h before the temperature nadir.
Hirshkowitz, Max; Whiton, Kaitlyn; Albert, Steven M.; Alessi, Cathy; Bruni, Oliviero; DonCarlos, Lydia; Hazen, Nancy; Herman, John; Katz, Eliot S.; Kheirandish-Gozal, Leila; Neubauer, David N.; O'Donnell, Anne E.; Ohayon, Maurice; Peever, John; Rawding, Robert (March 2015). "National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary". Sleep Health. 1 (1): 40–43. doi:10.1016/j.sleh.2014.12.010. ISSN 2352-7226. PMID 29073412. S2CID 205190733.
Benbadis, S. R. (November 1998). "Daytime sleepiness: when is it normal? When to refer?". Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine. 65 (10): 543–549. doi:10.3949/ccjm.65.10.543 (inactive 5 May 2026). ISSN 0891-1150. PMID 9830788. S2CID 8222974.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of May 2026 (link)
Lauderdale DS, Knutson KL, Yan LL, Liu K, Rathouz PJ (November 2008). "Self-reported and measured sleep duration: how similar are they?". Epidemiology. 19 (6): 838–45. doi:10.1097/EDE.0b013e318187a7b0. PMC 2785092. PMID 18854708.
Arditte Hall, Kimberly A.; Werner, Kimberly B.; Griffin, Michael G.; Galovski, Tara E. (10 January 2022). "Exploring Predictors of Sleep State Misperception in Women with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder". Behavioral Sleep Medicine. 21 (1): 22–32. doi:10.1080/15402002.2021.2024193. ISSN 1540-2010. PMC 9271136. PMID 35007171.
Truzzi, Giselle de Martin; Teixeira, Igor de Lima; do Prado, Lucila Bizari Fernandes; do Prado, Gilmar Fernandes; Tufik, Sergio; Coelho, Fernando Morgadinho (January 2021). "Sleep state misperception: is there a CNS structural source?". Sleep Science (Sao Paulo, Brazil). 14 (Spec 1): 94–96. doi:10.5935/1984-0063.20200039. ISSN 1984-0659. PMC 8663728. PMID 34917280.
Patel SR, Ayas NT, Malhotra MR, White DP, Schernhammer ES, Speizer FE, et al. (May 2004). "A prospective study of sleep duration and mortality risk in women". Sleep. 27 (3): 440–4. doi:10.1093/sleep/27.3.440. PMID 15164896.
Patel SR, Malhotra A, Gottlieb DJ, White DP, Hu FB (July 2006). "Correlates of long sleep duration". Sleep. 29 (7): 881–9. doi:10.1093/sleep/29.7.881. PMC 3500381. PMID 16895254.; cf. Irwin MR, Ziegler M (February 2005). "Sleep deprivation potentiates activation of cardiovascular and catecholamine responses in abstinent alcoholics". Hypertension. 45 (2): 252–7. doi:10.1161/01.HYP.0000153517.44295.07. PMID 15642774. S2CID 2205895.
Ferrie JE, Shipley MJ, Cappuccio FP, Brunner E, Miller MA, Kumari M, Marmot MG (December 2007). "A prospective study of change in sleep duration: associations with mortality in the Whitehall II cohort". Sleep. 30 (12): 1659–66. doi:10.1093/sleep/30.12.1659. PMC 2276139. PMID 18246975.
Cappuccio FP, Taggart FM, Kandala NB, Currie A, Peile E, Stranges S, Miller MA (May 2008). "Meta-analysis of short sleep duration and obesity in children and adults". Sleep. 31 (5): 619–26. doi:10.1093/sleep/31.5.619. PMC 2398753. PMID 18517032.
Schmid SM, Hallschmid M, Schultes B (January 2015). "The metabolic burden of sleep loss". The Lancet. Diabetes & Endocrinology. 3 (1): 52–62. doi:10.1016/S2213-8587(14)70012-9. PMID 24731536.
Thase ME (2006). "Depression and sleep: pathophysiology and treatment". Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience. 8 (2): 217–26. doi:10.31887/DCNS.2006.8.2/mthase. PMC 3181772. PMID 16889107.
Murray, Greg; Harvey, Allison (2010). "Circadian rhythms and sleep in bipolar disorder". Bipolar Disorders. 12 (5): 459–472. doi:10.1111/j.1399-5618.2010.00843.x. ISSN 1398-5647. PMID 20712747. Retrieved 9 May 2026.
Suzuki M, Taniguchi T, Furihata R, Yoshita K, Arai Y, Yoshiike N, Uchiyama M (18 April 2019). "Seasonal changes in sleep duration and sleep problems: A prospective study in Japanese community residents". PLOS ONE. 14 (4) e0215345. Bibcode:2019PLoSO..1415345S. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0215345. PMC 6472875. PMID 30998709.
Scher A (March 2005). "Infant sleep at 10 months of age as a window to cognitive development". Early Human Development. 81 (3): 289–92. doi:10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2004.07.005. PMID 15814211.
Spruyt K, Aitken RJ, So K, Charlton M, Adamson TM, Horne RS (May 2008). "Relationship between sleep/wake patterns, temperament and overall development in term infants over the first year of life". Early Human Development. 84 (5): 289–96. doi:10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2007.07.002. PMID 17707119.
Bernier A, Carlson SM, Bordeleau S, Carrier J (2010). "Relations between physiological and cognitive regulatory systems: infant sleep regulation and subsequent executive functioning". Child Development. 81 (6): 1739–52. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2010.01507.x. PMID 21077861.
Hupbach A, Gomez RL, Bootzin RR, Nadel L (November 2009). "Nap-dependent learning in infants". Developmental Science. 12 (6): 1007–12. doi:10.1111/j.1467-7687.2009.00837.x. PMID 19840054.
Mindell JA, Williamson AA (August 2018). "Benefits of a bedtime routine in young children: Sleep, development, and beyond". Sleep Medicine Reviews. 40: 93–108. doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2017.10.007. PMC 6587181. PMID 29195725.
Hirshkowitz M, Whiton K, Albert SM, Alessi C, Bruni O, DonCarlos L, et al. (March 2015). "National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary". Sleep Health. 1 (1): 40–43. doi:10.1016/j.sleh.2014.12.010. PMID 29073412. S2CID 205190733. Archived from the original on 14 November 2017. Retrieved 4 February 2015.
Xie L, Kang H, Xu Q, Chen MJ, Liao Y, Thiyagarajan M, et al. (17 October 2013). "Sleep drives metabolite clearance from the adult brain". Science. 342 (6156): 373–7. Bibcode:2013Sci...342..373X. doi:10.1126/science.1241224. ISSN 0036-8075. PMC 3880190. PMID 24136970.
Siegel JM (October 2005). "Clues to the functions of mammalian sleep". Nature. 437 (7063): 1264–71. Bibcode:2005Natur.437.1264S. doi:10.1038/nature04285. PMC 8760626. PMID 16251951. S2CID 234089.
Eugene AR, Masiak J (March 2015). "The Neuroprotective Aspects of Sleep". MEDtube Science. 3 (1): 35–40. PMC 4651462. PMID 26594659.
Hobson JA (October 2005). "Sleep is of the brain, by the brain and for the brain". Nature. 437 (7063): 1254–1256. Bibcode:2005Natur.437.1254H. doi:10.1038/nature04283. PMID 16251949. S2CID 1055112.
Plihal W, Born J (July 1997). "Effects of early and late nocturnal sleep on declarative and procedural memory". Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience. 9 (4): 534–47. doi:10.1162/jocn.1997.9.4.534. PMID 23968216. S2CID 3300300.
Rasch B, Büchel C, Gais S, Born J (March 2007). "Odor cues during slow-wave sleep prompt declarative memory consolidation". Science. 315 (5817): 1426–9. Bibcode:2007Sci...315.1426R. doi:10.1126/science.1138581. PMID 17347444. S2CID 19788434.
Born J, Wilhelm I (March 2012). "System consolidation of memory during sleep". Psychological Research. 76 (2): 192–203. doi:10.1007/s00426-011-0335-6. PMC 3278619. PMID 21541757.
Diekelmann S, Born J (February 2010). "The memory function of sleep". Nature Reviews. Neuroscience. 11 (2): 114–26. doi:10.1038/nrn2762. PMID 20046194. S2CID 1851910.
Rasch B, Born J (April 2013). "About sleep's role in memory". Physiological Reviews. 93 (2): 681–766. Bibcode:2013PhyRv..93..681R. doi:10.1152/physrev.00032.2012. PMC 3768102. PMID 23589831.
Schreiner T, Rasch B (November 2015). "Boosting Vocabulary Learning by Verbal Cueing During Sleep". Cerebral Cortex. 25 (11): 4169–79. doi:10.1093/cercor/bhu139. PMID 24962994.
Schreiner T, Rasch B (April 2017). "The beneficial role of memory reactivation for language learning during sleep: A review" (PDF). Brain and Language. 167: 94–105. doi:10.1016/j.bandl.2016.02.005. PMID 27036946. S2CID 3377186. Archived (PDF) from the original on 18 October 2021. Retrieved 17 February 2022.
Ngo HV, Martinetz T, Born J, Mölle M (May 2013). "Auditory closed-loop stimulation of the sleep slow oscillation enhances memory". Neuron. 78 (3): 545–53. doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2013.03.006. PMID 23583623.
Klinzing JG, Kugler S, Soekadar SR, Rasch B, Born J, Diekelmann S (January 2018). "Odor cueing during slow-wave sleep benefits memory independently of low cholinergic tone". Psychopharmacology. 235 (1): 291–299. doi:10.1007/s00213-017-4768-5. PMC 5748395. PMID 29119218.
Schreiner T, Doeller CF, Jensen O, Rasch B, Staudigl T (October 2018). "Theta Phase-Coordinated Memory Reactivation Reoccurs in a Slow-Oscillatory Rhythm during NREM Sleep". Cell Reports. 25 (2): 296–301. doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2018.09.037. PMC 6198287. PMID 30304670.
Schreiner T, Göldi M, Rasch B (November 2015). "Cueing vocabulary during sleep increases theta activity during later recognition testing". Psychophysiology. 52 (11): 1538–43. doi:10.1111/psyp.12505. PMID 26235609.
Groch S, Schreiner T, Rasch B, Huber R, Wilhelm I (January 2017). "Prior knowledge is essential for the beneficial effect of targeted memory reactivation during sleep". Scientific Reports. 7 39763. Bibcode:2017NatSR...739763G. doi:10.1038/srep39763. PMC 5209656. PMID 28051138.
Konkoly, Karen R.; Appel, Kristoffer; Chabani, Emma; et al. (18 February 2021). "Real-time dialogue between experimenters and dreamers during REM sleep". Current Biology. 31 (7): 1417–1427.e6. Bibcode:2021CBio...31E1417K. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2021.01.026. ISSN 0960-9822. PMC 8162929. PMID 33607035. Available under CC BY 4.0 Archived 16 October 2017 at the Wayback Machine.
Brown, pp. 1146–1147. Brown RE, Basheer R, McKenna JT, Strecker RE, McCarley RW (July 2012). "Control of sleep and wakefulness". Physiological Reviews. 92 (3): 1087–187. Bibcode:2012PhyRv..92.1087B. doi:10.1152/physrev.00032.2011. PMC 3621793. PMID 22811426.
López HH, Bracha AS, Bracha HS (September 2002). "Evidence based complementary intervention for insomnia" (PDF). Hawaii Medical Journal. 61 (9): 192, 213. PMID 12422383. Archived (PDF) from the original on 1 May 2015. Retrieved 16 December 2010.
Lollies, Friederike; Schnatschmidt, Marisa; Bihlmeier, Isabell; Genuneit, Jon; In-Albnon, Tina; Holtmann, Martin; Legenbauer, Tanja; Schlarb, Angelika Anita (December 2022). "Associations of sleep and emotion regulation processes in childhood and adolescence - a systematic review, report of methodological challenges and future directions". Sleep Science. 15 (4): 490–514. doi:10.5935/1984-0063.20220082. ISSN 1984-0659. PMC 9670771. PMID 36419813.
Hale L, Troxel W, Buysse DJ (April 2020). "Sleep Health: An Opportunity for Public Health to Address Health Equity". Annual Review of Public Health. 41 (1): 81–99. doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-040119-094412. PMC 7944938. PMID 31900098.
Jackson CL, Redline S, Emmons KM (March 2015). "Sleep as a potential fundamental contributor to disparities in cardiovascular health". Annual Review of Public Health. 36 (1): 417–440. doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-031914-122838. PMC 4736723. PMID 25785893.
Cespedes Feliciano EM, Quante M, Rifas-Shiman SL, Redline S, Oken E, Taveras EM (July 2018). "Objective Sleep Characteristics and Cardiometabolic Health in Young Adolescents". Pediatrics. 142 (1) e20174085. doi:10.1542/peds.2017-4085. PMC 6260972. PMID 29907703.
St-Onge MP, Grandner MA, Brown D, Conroy MB, Jean-Louis G, Coons M, Bhatt DL (November 2016). "Sleep Duration and Quality: Impact on Lifestyle Behaviors and Cardiometabolic Health: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association". Circulation (Review). 134 (18): e367–e386. doi:10.1161/CIR.0000000000000444. PMC 5567876. PMID 27647451.
Wang R, Dong Y, Weng J, Kontos EZ, Chervin RD, Rosen CL, et al. (January 2017). "Associations among Neighborhood, Race, and Sleep Apnea Severity in Children. A Six-City Analysis". Annals of the American Thoracic Society. 14 (1): 76–84. doi:10.1513/AnnalsATS.201609-662OC. PMC 5291481. PMID 27768852.
Saini, Y., Rai, A., & Sen, S. (2025). "Relationship Between Sleep Posture and Low Back Pain: A Systematic Review". Musculoskeletal Care. 23 (2) e70114. doi:10.1002/msc.70114. PMID 40338112.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Caggiari, G., Talesa, G. R., Toro, G., Jannelli, E., Monteleone, G., & Puddu, L. (2021). "What type of mattress should be chosen to avoid back pain and improve sleep quality? Review of the literature". Journal of Orthopaedics and Traumatology. 22 (1) 51: 1–14. doi:10.1186/s10195-021-00616-5. PMC 8655046. PMID 34878594.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Pang, J. C., Tsang, S. M., & Fu, A. C. (2021). "The effects of pillow designs on neck pain, waking symptoms, neck disability, sleep quality and spinal alignment in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis". Clinical Biomechanics. 85 105353. doi:10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2021.105353. PMID 33895703.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Rosen, Ilene M.; Aurora, R. Nisha; Kirsch, Douglas B.; Carden, Kelly A.; Malhotra, Raman K.; Ramar, Kannan; Abbasi-Feinberg, Fariha; Kristo, David A.; Martin, Jennifer L.; Olson, Eric J.; Rosen, Carol L.; Rowley, James A.; Shelgikar, Anita V. (15 November 2019). "Chronic Opioid Therapy and Sleep: An American Academy of Sleep Medicine Position Statement". Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine. 15 (11): 1671–1673. doi:10.5664/jcsm.8062. ISSN 1550-9389. PMC 6853382. PMID 31739858.
Mamelak, M.; Escriu, J. M.; Stokan, O. (April 1977). "The effects of gamma-hydroxybutyrate on sleep". Biological Psychiatry. 12 (2): 273–288. ISSN 0006-3223. PMID 192353.
Abarca C, Albrecht U, Spanagel R (June 2002). "Cocaine sensitization and reward are under the influence of circadian genes and rhythm". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 99 (13): 9026–30. Bibcode:2002PNAS...99.9026A. doi:10.1073/pnas.142039099. PMC 124417. PMID 12084940.
O'Callaghan F, Muurlink O, Reid N (7 December 2018). "Effects of caffeine on sleep quality and daytime functioning". Risk Management and Healthcare Policy. 11: 263–271. doi:10.2147/RMHP.S156404. PMC 6292246. PMID 30573997.
Shimatsu, Akira (September 2004). "[Ghrelin-related drugs: clinical perspectives]". Nihon Rinsho. Japanese Journal of Clinical Medicine. 62 (Suppl 9): 435–438. ISSN 0047-1852. PMID 15506422.
Murphy, P. J.; Badia, P.; Myers, B. L.; Boecker, M. R.; Wright, K. P. (June 1994). "Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs affect normal sleep patterns in humans". Physiology & Behavior. 55 (6): 1063–1066. doi:10.1016/0031-9384(94)90388-3. ISSN 0031-9384. PMID 8047572. S2CID 25887442.
Copinschi, G.; Leproult, R.; Van Onderbergen, A.; Caufriez, A.; Cole, K. Y.; Schilling, L. M.; Mendel, C. M.; De Lepeleire, I.; Bolognese, J. A.; Van Cauter, E. (October 1997). "Prolonged oral treatment with MK-677, a novel growth hormone secretagogue, improves sleep quality in man". Neuroendocrinology. 66 (4): 278–286. doi:10.1159/000127249. ISSN 0028-3835. PMID 9349662.
St-Onge MP, Mikic A, Pietrolungo CE (September 2016). "Effects of Diet on Sleep Quality". Advances in Nutrition. 7 (5): 938–49. doi:10.3945/an.116.012336. PMC 5015038. PMID 27633109.
Peuhkuri K, Sihvola N, Korpela R (May 2012). "Diet promotes sleep duration and quality". Nutrition Research. 32 (5): 309–19. doi:10.1016/j.nutres.2012.03.009. PMID 22652369.
St-Onge M, Mikic A, Cara E, Pietrolungo CE (2016). "Effects of Diet on Sleep Quality". Advances in Nutrition. 7 (5): 938–949. doi:10.3945/an.116.012336. PMC 5015038. PMID 27633109.
St-Onge M, Cherta-Murillo A, Owen L (2023). "The interrelationship between sleep, diet, and glucose metabolism". Sleep Medicine Reviews. 69 101788. doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2023.101788. PMC 10247426. PMID 37156196.
Jeon M, Dimitriou D, Halstead EJ (February 2021). "A Systematic Review on Cross-Cultural Comparative Studies of Sleep in Young Populations: The Roles of Cultural Factors". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 18 (4): 2005. doi:10.3390/ijerph18042005. PMC 7922907. PMID 33669583.
Ekirch AR (2001). "Sleep we have lost: pre-industrial slumber in the British Isles". The American Historical Review. 106 (2): 343–86. doi:10.2307/2651611. JSTOR 2651611. PMID 18680884.
Doerig, Adrien; Schurger, Aaron; Hess, Kathryn; Herzog, Michael H. (1 July 2019). "The unfolding argument: Why IIT and other causal structure theories cannot explain consciousness". Consciousness and Cognition. 72: 49–59. doi:10.1016/j.concog.2019.04.002. ISSN 1053-8100. PMID 31078047. S2CID 147704603.
Tsytsarev, Vassiliy (February 2022). "Methodological aspects of studying the mechanisms of consciousness". Behavioural Brain Research. 419 113684. doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113684. PMID 34838578. S2CID 244570791.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Krueger JM, Frank MG, Wisor JP, Roy S (August 2016). "Sleep function: Toward elucidating an enigma". Sleep Medicine Reviews. 28: 46–54. doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2015.08.005. ISSN 1087-0792. PMC 4769986. PMID 26447948.
Joiner WJ (October 2016). "Unraveling the Evolutionary Determinants of Sleep". Current Biology. 26 (20): R1073–R1087. Bibcode:2016CBio...26R1073J. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2016.08.068. PMC 5120870. PMID 27780049.
Keene, Alex C.; Duboue, Erik R. (12 June 2018). "The origins and evolution of sleep". The Journal of Experimental Biology. 221 (11) jeb159533. Bibcode:2018JExpB.221B9533K. doi:10.1242/jeb.159533. PMC 6515771. PMID 29895581.
Brown, pp. 1118–1119: "Compared with wakefulness, sleep reduces brain energy demands, as suggested by the 44% reduction in the cerebral metabolic rate (CMR) of glucose (791) and a 25% reduction in the CMR of O₂ (774) during sleep." Brown RE, Basheer R, McKenna JT, Strecker RE, McCarley RW (July 2012). "Control of sleep and wakefulness". Physiological Reviews. 92 (3): 1087–187. Bibcode:2012PhyRv..92.1087B. doi:10.1152/physrev.00032.2011. PMC 3621793. PMID 22811426.
Siegel JM (April 2008). "Do all animals sleep?". Trends in Neurosciences. 31 (4): 208–13. doi:10.1016/j.tins.2008.02.001. PMC 8765194. PMID 18328577. S2CID 6614359.
Brown, p. 1087. Brown RE, Basheer R, McKenna JT, Strecker RE, McCarley RW (July 2012). "Control of sleep and wakefulness". Physiological Reviews. 92 (3): 1087–187. Bibcode:2012PhyRv..92.1087B. doi:10.1152/physrev.00032.2011. PMC 3621793. PMID 22811426.
Posada-Quintero HF, Reljin N, Bolkhovsky JB, Orjuela-Cañón AD, Chon KH (19 September 2019), "Brain Activity Correlates With Cognitive Performance Deterioration During Sleep Deprivation.", Front. Neurosci., 13 1001, doi:10.3389/fnins.2019.01001, PMC 6761229, PMID 31607847
Waterhouse J, Fukuda Y, Morita T (March 2012). "Daily rhythms of the sleep-wake cycle". Journal of Physiological Anthropology. 31 (5) 5. doi:10.1186/1880-6805-31-5. PMC 3375033. PMID 22738268.
Chang AM, Aeschbach D, Duffy JF, Czeisler CA (January 2015). "Evening use of light-emitting eReaders negatively affects sleep, circadian timing, and next-morning alertness". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 112 (4): 1232–7. Bibcode:2015PNAS..112.1232C. doi:10.1073/pnas.1418490112. PMC 4313820. PMID 25535358.
Basner M, Dinges DF (June 2009). "Dubious bargain: trading sleep for Leno and Letterman". Sleep. 32 (6): 747–52. doi:10.1093/sleep/32.6.747. PMC 2690561. PMID 19544750.
Vallat, Raphael; Berry, Sarah E.; Tsereteli, Neli; Capdevila, Joan; Khatib, Haya Al; Valdes, Ana M.; Delahanty, Linda M.; Drew, David A.; Chan, Andrew T.; Wolf, Jonathan; Franks, Paul W.; Spector, Tim D.; Walker, Matthew P. (19 November 2022). "How people wake up is associated with previous night's sleep together with physical activity and food intake". Nature Communications. 13 (1): 7116. Bibcode:2022NatCo..13.7116V. doi:10.1038/s41467-022-34503-2. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 9675783. PMID 36402781.
Schwartz JR, Roth T (December 2008). "Neurophysiology of sleep and wakefulness: basic science and clinical implications". Current Neuropharmacology. 6 (4): 367–78. doi:10.2174/157015908787386050. PMC 2701283. PMID 19587857.
Brown, pp. 1134–1138. Brown RE, Basheer R, McKenna JT, Strecker RE, McCarley RW (July 2012). "Control of sleep and wakefulness". Physiological Reviews. 92 (3): 1087–187. Bibcode:2012PhyRv..92.1087B. doi:10.1152/physrev.00032.2011. PMC 3621793. PMID 22811426.
Tanaka H, Tamura N (January 2016). "Sleep education with self-help treatment and sleep health promotion for mental and physical wellness in Japan". Sleep and Biological Rhythms. 14 (S1): 89–99. doi:10.1007/s41105-015-0018-6. PMC 4732678. PMID 26855610.
Brown, pp. 1138–1102. Brown RE, Basheer R, McKenna JT, Strecker RE, McCarley RW (July 2012). "Control of sleep and wakefulness". Physiological Reviews. 92 (3): 1087–187. Bibcode:2012PhyRv..92.1087B. doi:10.1152/physrev.00032.2011. PMC 3621793. PMID 22811426.
Zhang L, Fu YH (January 2020). "The molecular genetics of human sleep". The European Journal of Neuroscience. 51 (1): 422–428. doi:10.1111/ejn.14132. PMC 6389443. PMID 30144347.
Jones SE, Tyrrell J, Wood AR, Beaumont RN, Ruth KS, Tuke MA, et al. (August 2016). "Genome-Wide Association Analyses in 128,266 Individuals Identifies New Morningness and Sleep Duration Loci". PLOS Genetics. 12 (8) e1006125. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1006125. PMC 4975467. PMID 27494321.
Keenan BT, Galante RJ, Lian J, Zhang L, Guo X, Veatch OJ, et al. (December 2021). "The dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase gene contributes to heritable differences in sleep in mice". Current Biology. 31 (23): 5238–5248.e7. Bibcode:2021CBio...31E5238K. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2021.09.049. PMC 8665053. PMID 34653361. S2CID 238754563.
Yook, Ji Hyun; Rizwan, Muneeba; Shahid, Noor ul ain; Naguit, Noreen; Jakkoju, Rakesh; Laeeq, Sadia; Reghefaoui, Tiba; Zahoor, Hafsa; Mohammed, Lubna (25 October 2021). "Some Twist of Molecular Circuitry Fast Forwards Overnight Sleep Hours: A Systematic Review of Natural Short Sleepers' Genes". Cureus. 13 (10) e19045. doi:10.7759/cureus.19045. ISSN 2168-8184. PMC 8547374. PMID 34722012.
Panchin, Yuri; Kovalzon, Vladimir M. (2021). "Total Wake: Natural, Pathological, and Experimental Limits to Sleep Reduction". Frontiers in Neuroscience. 15 643496. doi:10.3389/fnins.2021.643496. ISSN 1662-453X. PMC 8058214. PMID 33897357.
"Short sleep, familial natural, 1 - NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR) - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 13 October 2022.
Zisapel N (May 2007). "Sleep and sleep disturbances: biological basis and clinical implications". Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences. 64 (10): 1174–86. doi:10.1007/s00018-007-6529-9. PMC 11136060. PMID 17364142. S2CID 2003308.
Lauderdale DS, Knutson KL, Yan LL, Liu K, Rathouz PJ (November 2008). "Self-reported and measured sleep duration: how similar are they?". Epidemiology. 19 (6): 838–45. doi:10.1097/EDE.0b013e318187a7b0. PMC 2785092. PMID 18854708.
Arditte Hall, Kimberly A.; Werner, Kimberly B.; Griffin, Michael G.; Galovski, Tara E. (10 January 2022). "Exploring Predictors of Sleep State Misperception in Women with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder". Behavioral Sleep Medicine. 21 (1): 22–32. doi:10.1080/15402002.2021.2024193. ISSN 1540-2010. PMC 9271136. PMID 35007171.
Truzzi, Giselle de Martin; Teixeira, Igor de Lima; do Prado, Lucila Bizari Fernandes; do Prado, Gilmar Fernandes; Tufik, Sergio; Coelho, Fernando Morgadinho (January 2021). "Sleep state misperception: is there a CNS structural source?". Sleep Science (Sao Paulo, Brazil). 14 (Spec 1): 94–96. doi:10.5935/1984-0063.20200039. ISSN 1984-0659. PMC 8663728. PMID 34917280.
Patel SR, Malhotra A, Gottlieb DJ, White DP, Hu FB (July 2006). "Correlates of long sleep duration". Sleep. 29 (7): 881–9. doi:10.1093/sleep/29.7.881. PMC 3500381. PMID 16895254.; cf. Irwin MR, Ziegler M (February 2005). "Sleep deprivation potentiates activation of cardiovascular and catecholamine responses in abstinent alcoholics". Hypertension. 45 (2): 252–7. doi:10.1161/01.HYP.0000153517.44295.07. PMID 15642774. S2CID 2205895.
Ferrie JE, Shipley MJ, Cappuccio FP, Brunner E, Miller MA, Kumari M, Marmot MG (December 2007). "A prospective study of change in sleep duration: associations with mortality in the Whitehall II cohort". Sleep. 30 (12): 1659–66. doi:10.1093/sleep/30.12.1659. PMC 2276139. PMID 18246975.
Cappuccio FP, Taggart FM, Kandala NB, Currie A, Peile E, Stranges S, Miller MA (May 2008). "Meta-analysis of short sleep duration and obesity in children and adults". Sleep. 31 (5): 619–26. doi:10.1093/sleep/31.5.619. PMC 2398753. PMID 18517032.
Thase ME (2006). "Depression and sleep: pathophysiology and treatment". Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience. 8 (2): 217–26. doi:10.31887/DCNS.2006.8.2/mthase. PMC 3181772. PMID 16889107.
Suzuki M, Taniguchi T, Furihata R, Yoshita K, Arai Y, Yoshiike N, Uchiyama M (18 April 2019). "Seasonal changes in sleep duration and sleep problems: A prospective study in Japanese community residents". PLOS ONE. 14 (4) e0215345. Bibcode:2019PLoSO..1415345S. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0215345. PMC 6472875. PMID 30998709.
Mindell JA, Williamson AA (August 2018). "Benefits of a bedtime routine in young children: Sleep, development, and beyond". Sleep Medicine Reviews. 40: 93–108. doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2017.10.007. PMC 6587181. PMID 29195725.
Xie L, Kang H, Xu Q, Chen MJ, Liao Y, Thiyagarajan M, et al. (17 October 2013). "Sleep drives metabolite clearance from the adult brain". Science. 342 (6156): 373–7. Bibcode:2013Sci...342..373X. doi:10.1126/science.1241224. ISSN 0036-8075. PMC 3880190. PMID 24136970.
Siegel JM (October 2005). "Clues to the functions of mammalian sleep". Nature. 437 (7063): 1264–71. Bibcode:2005Natur.437.1264S. doi:10.1038/nature04285. PMC 8760626. PMID 16251951. S2CID 234089.
Eugene AR, Masiak J (March 2015). "The Neuroprotective Aspects of Sleep". MEDtube Science. 3 (1): 35–40. PMC 4651462. PMID 26594659.
Born J, Wilhelm I (March 2012). "System consolidation of memory during sleep". Psychological Research. 76 (2): 192–203. doi:10.1007/s00426-011-0335-6. PMC 3278619. PMID 21541757.
Rasch B, Born J (April 2013). "About sleep's role in memory". Physiological Reviews. 93 (2): 681–766. Bibcode:2013PhyRv..93..681R. doi:10.1152/physrev.00032.2012. PMC 3768102. PMID 23589831.
Klinzing JG, Kugler S, Soekadar SR, Rasch B, Born J, Diekelmann S (January 2018). "Odor cueing during slow-wave sleep benefits memory independently of low cholinergic tone". Psychopharmacology. 235 (1): 291–299. doi:10.1007/s00213-017-4768-5. PMC 5748395. PMID 29119218.
Schreiner T, Doeller CF, Jensen O, Rasch B, Staudigl T (October 2018). "Theta Phase-Coordinated Memory Reactivation Reoccurs in a Slow-Oscillatory Rhythm during NREM Sleep". Cell Reports. 25 (2): 296–301. doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2018.09.037. PMC 6198287. PMID 30304670.
Groch S, Schreiner T, Rasch B, Huber R, Wilhelm I (January 2017). "Prior knowledge is essential for the beneficial effect of targeted memory reactivation during sleep". Scientific Reports. 7 39763. Bibcode:2017NatSR...739763G. doi:10.1038/srep39763. PMC 5209656. PMID 28051138.
Konkoly, Karen R.; Appel, Kristoffer; Chabani, Emma; et al. (18 February 2021). "Real-time dialogue between experimenters and dreamers during REM sleep". Current Biology. 31 (7): 1417–1427.e6. Bibcode:2021CBio...31E1417K. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2021.01.026. ISSN 0960-9822. PMC 8162929. PMID 33607035. Available under CC BY 4.0 Archived 16 October 2017 at the Wayback Machine.
Brown, pp. 1146–1147. Brown RE, Basheer R, McKenna JT, Strecker RE, McCarley RW (July 2012). "Control of sleep and wakefulness". Physiological Reviews. 92 (3): 1087–187. Bibcode:2012PhyRv..92.1087B. doi:10.1152/physrev.00032.2011. PMC 3621793. PMID 22811426.
Lollies, Friederike; Schnatschmidt, Marisa; Bihlmeier, Isabell; Genuneit, Jon; In-Albnon, Tina; Holtmann, Martin; Legenbauer, Tanja; Schlarb, Angelika Anita (December 2022). "Associations of sleep and emotion regulation processes in childhood and adolescence - a systematic review, report of methodological challenges and future directions". Sleep Science. 15 (4): 490–514. doi:10.5935/1984-0063.20220082. ISSN 1984-0659. PMC 9670771. PMID 36419813.
Hale L, Troxel W, Buysse DJ (April 2020). "Sleep Health: An Opportunity for Public Health to Address Health Equity". Annual Review of Public Health. 41 (1): 81–99. doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-040119-094412. PMC 7944938. PMID 31900098.
Jackson CL, Redline S, Emmons KM (March 2015). "Sleep as a potential fundamental contributor to disparities in cardiovascular health". Annual Review of Public Health. 36 (1): 417–440. doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-031914-122838. PMC 4736723. PMID 25785893.
Cespedes Feliciano EM, Quante M, Rifas-Shiman SL, Redline S, Oken E, Taveras EM (July 2018). "Objective Sleep Characteristics and Cardiometabolic Health in Young Adolescents". Pediatrics. 142 (1) e20174085. doi:10.1542/peds.2017-4085. PMC 6260972. PMID 29907703.
St-Onge MP, Grandner MA, Brown D, Conroy MB, Jean-Louis G, Coons M, Bhatt DL (November 2016). "Sleep Duration and Quality: Impact on Lifestyle Behaviors and Cardiometabolic Health: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association". Circulation (Review). 134 (18): e367–e386. doi:10.1161/CIR.0000000000000444. PMC 5567876. PMID 27647451.
Wang R, Dong Y, Weng J, Kontos EZ, Chervin RD, Rosen CL, et al. (January 2017). "Associations among Neighborhood, Race, and Sleep Apnea Severity in Children. A Six-City Analysis". Annals of the American Thoracic Society. 14 (1): 76–84. doi:10.1513/AnnalsATS.201609-662OC. PMC 5291481. PMID 27768852.
Caggiari, G., Talesa, G. R., Toro, G., Jannelli, E., Monteleone, G., & Puddu, L. (2021). "What type of mattress should be chosen to avoid back pain and improve sleep quality? Review of the literature". Journal of Orthopaedics and Traumatology. 22 (1) 51: 1–14. doi:10.1186/s10195-021-00616-5. PMC 8655046. PMID 34878594.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Rosen, Ilene M.; Aurora, R. Nisha; Kirsch, Douglas B.; Carden, Kelly A.; Malhotra, Raman K.; Ramar, Kannan; Abbasi-Feinberg, Fariha; Kristo, David A.; Martin, Jennifer L.; Olson, Eric J.; Rosen, Carol L.; Rowley, James A.; Shelgikar, Anita V. (15 November 2019). "Chronic Opioid Therapy and Sleep: An American Academy of Sleep Medicine Position Statement". Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine. 15 (11): 1671–1673. doi:10.5664/jcsm.8062. ISSN 1550-9389. PMC 6853382. PMID 31739858.
Abarca C, Albrecht U, Spanagel R (June 2002). "Cocaine sensitization and reward are under the influence of circadian genes and rhythm". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 99 (13): 9026–30. Bibcode:2002PNAS...99.9026A. doi:10.1073/pnas.142039099. PMC 124417. PMID 12084940.
O'Callaghan F, Muurlink O, Reid N (7 December 2018). "Effects of caffeine on sleep quality and daytime functioning". Risk Management and Healthcare Policy. 11: 263–271. doi:10.2147/RMHP.S156404. PMC 6292246. PMID 30573997.
St-Onge MP, Mikic A, Pietrolungo CE (September 2016). "Effects of Diet on Sleep Quality". Advances in Nutrition. 7 (5): 938–49. doi:10.3945/an.116.012336. PMC 5015038. PMID 27633109.
St-Onge M, Mikic A, Cara E, Pietrolungo CE (2016). "Effects of Diet on Sleep Quality". Advances in Nutrition. 7 (5): 938–949. doi:10.3945/an.116.012336. PMC 5015038. PMID 27633109.
St-Onge M, Cherta-Murillo A, Owen L (2023). "The interrelationship between sleep, diet, and glucose metabolism". Sleep Medicine Reviews. 69 101788. doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2023.101788. PMC 10247426. PMID 37156196.
Jeon M, Dimitriou D, Halstead EJ (February 2021). "A Systematic Review on Cross-Cultural Comparative Studies of Sleep in Young Populations: The Roles of Cultural Factors". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 18 (4): 2005. doi:10.3390/ijerph18042005. PMC 7922907. PMID 33669583.

ninds.nih.gov

"Brain Basics: Understanding Sleep | National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke". www.ninds.nih.gov. Archived from the original on 27 September 2022. Retrieved 15 February 2023.
"Brain Basics: Understanding Sleep". National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. Archived from the original on 27 September 2022. Retrieved 15 February 2023.

nm.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Best Sleeping Positions for Better Rest — and Health, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, October 2025

nyfolklore.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Thorn J. "Saint Rip". nyfolklore.org. Voices: The Journal of New York Folklore. Archived from the original on 18 October 2017. Retrieved 21 June 2017.

nytimes.com (Global: 7^th place; English: 7^th place)

Konnikova, Maria (11 January 2014). "Goodnight. Sleep Clean". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 15 August 2019. Retrieved 18 February 2014. She called it the glymphatic system, a nod to its dependence on glial cells

poemhunter.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"On Death - On Death Poem by John Keats". Poem Hunter. 29 March 2010. Archived from the original on 3 January 2023. Retrieved 12 July 2022.

psychologytoday.com (Global: 2,259^th place; English: 1,691^st place)

Marijuana, Sleep and Dreams. psychologytoday.com. Retrieved on 10 February 2012.

quantifysleep.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Nelson, Ryan (20 June 2021). "The Dichotomy Of Sleep: REM And Non-REM Stages, And Their Impact On Human Health". Quantify Sleep. Retrieved 15 July 2023.

rero.ch (Global: 3,023^rd place; English: 2,092^nd place)

doc.rero.ch

Schreiner T, Rasch B (April 2017). "The beneficial role of memory reactivation for language learning during sleep: A review" (PDF). Brain and Language. 167: 94–105. doi:10.1016/j.bandl.2016.02.005. PMID 27036946. S2CID 3377186. Archived (PDF) from the original on 18 October 2021. Retrieved 17 February 2022.

rug.nl (Global: 2,629^th place; English: 1,971^st place)

pure.rug.nl

Roenneberg T, Kuehnle T, Juda M, Kantermann T, Allebrandt K, Gordijn M, Merrow M (December 2007). "Epidemiology of the human circadian clock" (PDF). Sleep Medicine Reviews. 11 (6): 429–38. doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2007.07.005. hdl:11370/65d6f03a-88cd-405c-a067-4afbc1b9ba9d. PMID 17936039. S2CID 11628329. Archived (PDF) from the original on 23 March 2023. Retrieved 16 August 2019.

science.org (Global: 1,007^th place; English: 665^th place)

Coontz, Robert (19 December 2013). "Science's Top 10 Breakthroughs of 2013". Science. Archived from the original on 12 May 2025. Retrieved 12 January 2025.
Leslie, Mitch (8 January 2025). "Scientists uncover how the brain washes itself during sleep". Science. Archived from the original on 10 January 2025. Retrieved 10 January 2025. She called it the glymphatic system, a nod to its dependence on glial cells

sciencealert.com (Global: 6,647^th place; English: 5,633^rd place)

Jackson M, Banks S (4 April 2018). "Humans Used to Sleep in Two Shifts, And Maybe We Should Do It Again". Science Alert. Archived from the original on 19 June 2026. Retrieved 7 February 2022.

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

Siegel JM (April 2008). "Do all animals sleep?". Trends in Neurosciences. 31 (4): 208–13. doi:10.1016/j.tins.2008.02.001. PMC 8765194. PMID 18328577. S2CID 6614359.
Borbély AA, Daan S, Wirz-Justice A, Deboer T (14 January 2016), "The two-process model of sleep regulation: a reappraisal" (PDF), J Sleep Res, 25 (2): 131–43, doi:10.1111/jsr.12371, PMID 26762182, S2CID 206156163, archived (PDF) from the original on 13 April 2023, retrieved 11 March 2022
Roenneberg T, Kuehnle T, Juda M, Kantermann T, Allebrandt K, Gordijn M, Merrow M (December 2007). "Epidemiology of the human circadian clock" (PDF). Sleep Medicine Reviews. 11 (6): 429–38. doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2007.07.005. hdl:11370/65d6f03a-88cd-405c-a067-4afbc1b9ba9d. PMID 17936039. S2CID 11628329. Archived (PDF) from the original on 23 March 2023. Retrieved 16 August 2019.
Fuller PM, Gooley JJ, Saper CB (December 2006). "Neurobiology of the sleep-wake cycle: sleep architecture, circadian regulation, and regulatory feedback". Journal of Biological Rhythms. 21 (6): 482–93. doi:10.1177/0748730406294627. PMID 17107938. S2CID 36572447.
Wyatt JK, Ritz-De Cecco A, Czeisler CA, Dijk DJ (October 1999). "Circadian temperature and melatonin rhythms, sleep, and neurobehavioral function in humans living on a 20-h day". The American Journal of Physiology. 277 (4 Pt 2): R1152-63. doi:10.1152/ajpregu.1999.277.4.r1152. PMID 10516257. S2CID 4474347. ... significant homeostatic and circadian modulation of sleep structure, with the highest sleep efficiency occurring in sleep episodes bracketing the melatonin maximum and core body temperature minimum
Gottselig JM, Adam M, Rétey JV, Khatami R, Achermann P, Landolt HP (March 2006). "Random number generation during sleep deprivation: effects of caffeine on response maintenance and stereotypy". Journal of Sleep Research. 15 (1): 31–40. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2869.2006.00497.x. PMID 16490000. S2CID 10355305.
Iglowstein I, Jenni OG, Molinari L, Largo RH (February 2003). "Sleep duration from infancy to adolescence: reference values and generational trends". Pediatrics. 111 (2): 302–7. Bibcode:2003Pedia.111..302I. doi:10.1542/peds.111.2.302. PMID 12563055. S2CID 8727836. Thus, the shift in the evening bedtime across cohorts accounted for the substantial decrease in sleep duration in younger children between the 1970s and the 1990s... [A] more liberal parental attitude toward evening bedtime in the past decades is most likely responsible for the bedtime shift and for the decline of sleep duration...
Keenan BT, Galante RJ, Lian J, Zhang L, Guo X, Veatch OJ, et al. (December 2021). "The dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase gene contributes to heritable differences in sleep in mice". Current Biology. 31 (23): 5238–5248.e7. Bibcode:2021CBio...31E5238K. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2021.09.049. PMC 8665053. PMID 34653361. S2CID 238754563.
Zheng, Liubin; Zhang, Luoying (September 2022). "The molecular mechanism of natural short sleep: A path towards understanding why we need to sleep". Brain Science Advances. 8 (3): 165–172. doi:10.26599/BSA.2022.9050003. ISSN 2096-5958. S2CID 250363367.
Barnes CM, Lucianetti L, Bhave DP, Christian MS (2015). "You wouldn't like me when I'm sleepy: Leaders' sleep, daily abusive supervision, and work unit engagement". Academy of Management Journal. 58 (5): 1419–1437. doi:10.5465/amj.2013.1063. S2CID 145056840. Archived from the original on 15 January 2021. Retrieved 25 December 2020.
Harvey AG, Payne S (March 2002). "The management of unwanted pre-sleep thoughts in insomnia: distraction with imagery versus general distraction". Behaviour Research and Therapy. 40 (3): 267–77. doi:10.1016/s0005-7967(01)00012-2. PMID 11863237. S2CID 16647017.
Zisapel N (May 2007). "Sleep and sleep disturbances: biological basis and clinical implications". Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences. 64 (10): 1174–86. doi:10.1007/s00018-007-6529-9. PMC 11136060. PMID 17364142. S2CID 2003308.
Dijk DJ, Lockley SW (February 2002). "Integration of human sleep-wake regulation and circadian rhythmicity". Journal of Applied Physiology. 92 (2): 852–62. doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00924.2001. PMID 11796701. S2CID 2502686. Consolidation of sleep for 8 h or more is only observed when sleep is initiated ~6–8 h before the temperature nadir.
Hirshkowitz, Max; Whiton, Kaitlyn; Albert, Steven M.; Alessi, Cathy; Bruni, Oliviero; DonCarlos, Lydia; Hazen, Nancy; Herman, John; Katz, Eliot S.; Kheirandish-Gozal, Leila; Neubauer, David N.; O'Donnell, Anne E.; Ohayon, Maurice; Peever, John; Rawding, Robert (March 2015). "National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary". Sleep Health. 1 (1): 40–43. doi:10.1016/j.sleh.2014.12.010. ISSN 2352-7226. PMID 29073412. S2CID 205190733.
Benbadis, S. R. (November 1998). "Daytime sleepiness: when is it normal? When to refer?". Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine. 65 (10): 543–549. doi:10.3949/ccjm.65.10.543 (inactive 5 May 2026). ISSN 0891-1150. PMID 9830788. S2CID 8222974.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of May 2026 (link)
Patel SR, Malhotra A, Gottlieb DJ, White DP, Hu FB (July 2006). "Correlates of long sleep duration". Sleep. 29 (7): 881–9. doi:10.1093/sleep/29.7.881. PMC 3500381. PMID 16895254.; cf. Irwin MR, Ziegler M (February 2005). "Sleep deprivation potentiates activation of cardiovascular and catecholamine responses in abstinent alcoholics". Hypertension. 45 (2): 252–7. doi:10.1161/01.HYP.0000153517.44295.07. PMID 15642774. S2CID 2205895.
Dahl RE (2009). "The regulation of sleep and arousal: Development and psychopathology". Development and Psychopathology. 8 (1): 3–27. doi:10.1017/S0954579400006945. S2CID 143514600.
Hirshkowitz M, Whiton K, Albert SM, Alessi C, Bruni O, DonCarlos L, et al. (March 2015). "National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary". Sleep Health. 1 (1): 40–43. doi:10.1016/j.sleh.2014.12.010. PMID 29073412. S2CID 205190733. Archived from the original on 14 November 2017. Retrieved 4 February 2015.
Siegel JM (October 2005). "Clues to the functions of mammalian sleep". Nature. 437 (7063): 1264–71. Bibcode:2005Natur.437.1264S. doi:10.1038/nature04285. PMC 8760626. PMID 16251951. S2CID 234089.
Hobson JA (October 2005). "Sleep is of the brain, by the brain and for the brain". Nature. 437 (7063): 1254–1256. Bibcode:2005Natur.437.1254H. doi:10.1038/nature04283. PMID 16251949. S2CID 1055112.
Plihal W, Born J (July 1997). "Effects of early and late nocturnal sleep on declarative and procedural memory". Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience. 9 (4): 534–47. doi:10.1162/jocn.1997.9.4.534. PMID 23968216. S2CID 3300300.
Rasch B, Büchel C, Gais S, Born J (March 2007). "Odor cues during slow-wave sleep prompt declarative memory consolidation". Science. 315 (5817): 1426–9. Bibcode:2007Sci...315.1426R. doi:10.1126/science.1138581. PMID 17347444. S2CID 19788434.
Diekelmann S, Born J (February 2010). "The memory function of sleep". Nature Reviews. Neuroscience. 11 (2): 114–26. doi:10.1038/nrn2762. PMID 20046194. S2CID 1851910.
Schreiner T, Rasch B (April 2017). "The beneficial role of memory reactivation for language learning during sleep: A review" (PDF). Brain and Language. 167: 94–105. doi:10.1016/j.bandl.2016.02.005. PMID 27036946. S2CID 3377186. Archived (PDF) from the original on 18 October 2021. Retrieved 17 February 2022.
Buman MP, King AC (2010). "Exercise as a Treatment to Enhance Sleep". American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine. 4 (6): 500–514. doi:10.1177/1559827610375532. S2CID 73314918.
Murphy, P. J.; Badia, P.; Myers, B. L.; Boecker, M. R.; Wright, K. P. (June 1994). "Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs affect normal sleep patterns in humans". Physiology & Behavior. 55 (6): 1063–1066. doi:10.1016/0031-9384(94)90388-3. ISSN 0031-9384. PMID 8047572. S2CID 25887442.
Samson DR (21 October 2021). "The Human Sleep Paradox: The Unexpected Sleeping Habits of Homo sapiens". Annual Review of Anthropology. 50 (1): 259–274. doi:10.1146/annurev-anthro-010220-075523. ISSN 0084-6570. S2CID 237845665.
Doerig, Adrien; Schurger, Aaron; Hess, Kathryn; Herzog, Michael H. (1 July 2019). "The unfolding argument: Why IIT and other causal structure theories cannot explain consciousness". Consciousness and Cognition. 72: 49–59. doi:10.1016/j.concog.2019.04.002. ISSN 1053-8100. PMID 31078047. S2CID 147704603.
Tsytsarev, Vassiliy (February 2022). "Methodological aspects of studying the mechanisms of consciousness". Behavioural Brain Research. 419 113684. doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113684. PMID 34838578. S2CID 244570791.

sleep.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Hate waking up when it's dark out? Find out how winter really affects your sleep habits". Sleep.org. 30 January 2023. Archived from the original on 2 March 2021.

sleepcycle.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"The long and short of the 'short sleep' gene | Sleep Cycle". Sleep Cycle alarm clock. 3 February 2022. Retrieved 15 October 2022.

sleepdisorderchannel.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Insomnia Causes Archived 22 October 2010 at the Wayback Machine. Healthcommunities.com. Original Publication: 1 December 2000, Updated: 1 December 2007.

sleepfoundation.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Sleep-wake cycle: its physiology and impact on health" (PDF). National Sleep Foundation. 2006. Archived (PDF) from the original on 30 August 2017. Retrieved 24 May 2017.
"How Blue Light Affects Sleep". Sleep Foundation. 4 November 2020. Archived from the original on 17 November 2021. Retrieved 18 November 2021.
Fry, A. (9 October 2020). Napping: Health Benefits & Tips for your best nap. Sleep Foundation. Retrieved 14 November 2021, from https://www.sleepfoundation.org/sleep-hygiene/napping Archived 13 November 2021 at the Wayback Machine .
"Short Sleeper Syndrome: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatments". Sleep Foundation. 27 April 2022. Retrieved 15 October 2022.
"How to Determine Poor Sleep Quality". 17 December 2020. Archived from the original on 11 January 2025. Retrieved 5 January 2025.
"Mental Health and Sleep". Sleep Foundation. 18 September 2020. Retrieved 18 November 2021.
Jay Vera Summer, How to Choose the Best Sleeping Position for Neck Pain, Sleep Doctor, July 29, 2025

sleephealthjournal.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Hirshkowitz M, Whiton K, Albert SM, Alessi C, Bruni O, DonCarlos L, et al. (March 2015). "National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary". Sleep Health. 1 (1): 40–43. doi:10.1016/j.sleh.2014.12.010. PMID 29073412. S2CID 205190733. Archived from the original on 14 November 2017. Retrieved 4 February 2015.

smu.edu.sg (Global: low place; English: low place)

ink.library.smu.edu.sg

Barnes CM, Lucianetti L, Bhave DP, Christian MS (2015). "You wouldn't like me when I'm sleepy: Leaders' sleep, daily abusive supervision, and work unit engagement". Academy of Management Journal. 58 (5): 1419–1437. doi:10.5465/amj.2013.1063. S2CID 145056840. Archived from the original on 15 January 2021. Retrieved 25 December 2020.

thensf.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"What is Sleep Quality?". 12 April 2024. Archived from the original on 2 July 2026.

thesciencenetwork.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Bingham R, Terrence S, Siegel J, Dyken ME, Czeisler C (February 2007). "Waking Up To Sleep" (Several conference videos). The Science Network. Archived from the original on 24 July 2011. Retrieved 25 January 2008.

utah.edu (Global: 2,766^th place; English: 1,555^th place)

healthcare.utah.edu

"Is it Dangerous to Be a Chronic Short Sleeper?". healthcare.utah.edu. 8 August 2018. Retrieved 14 October 2022.

uzh.ch (Global: 1,380^th place; English: 1,488^th place)

zora.uzh.ch

Borbély AA, Daan S, Wirz-Justice A, Deboer T (14 January 2016), "The two-process model of sleep regulation: a reappraisal" (PDF), J Sleep Res, 25 (2): 131–43, doi:10.1111/jsr.12371, PMID 26762182, S2CID 206156163, archived (PDF) from the original on 13 April 2023, retrieved 11 March 2022
Clark I, Landolt HP (February 2017). "Coffee, caffeine, and sleep: A systematic review of epidemiological studies and randomized controlled trials" (PDF). Sleep Medicine Reviews. 31: 70–78. doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2016.01.006. PMID 26899133. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 November 2018. Retrieved 19 November 2018.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

"Brain Basics: Understanding Sleep | National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke". www.ninds.nih.gov. Archived from the original on 27 September 2022. Retrieved 15 February 2023.
"Sleep-wake cycle: its physiology and impact on health" (PDF). National Sleep Foundation. 2006. Archived (PDF) from the original on 30 August 2017. Retrieved 24 May 2017.
Bingham R, Terrence S, Siegel J, Dyken ME, Czeisler C (February 2007). "Waking Up To Sleep" (Several conference videos). The Science Network. Archived from the original on 24 July 2011. Retrieved 25 January 2008.
Konnikova, Maria (11 January 2014). "Goodnight. Sleep Clean". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 15 August 2019. Retrieved 18 February 2014. She called it the glymphatic system, a nod to its dependence on glial cells
Coontz, Robert (19 December 2013). "Science's Top 10 Breakthroughs of 2013". Science. Archived from the original on 12 May 2025. Retrieved 12 January 2025.
"How Blue Light Affects Sleep". Sleep Foundation. 4 November 2020. Archived from the original on 17 November 2021. Retrieved 18 November 2021.
Borbély AA, Daan S, Wirz-Justice A, Deboer T (14 January 2016), "The two-process model of sleep regulation: a reappraisal" (PDF), J Sleep Res, 25 (2): 131–43, doi:10.1111/jsr.12371, PMID 26762182, S2CID 206156163, archived (PDF) from the original on 13 April 2023, retrieved 11 March 2022
"Brain Basics: Understanding Sleep". National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. Archived from the original on 27 September 2022. Retrieved 15 February 2023.
Roenneberg T, Kuehnle T, Juda M, Kantermann T, Allebrandt K, Gordijn M, Merrow M (December 2007). "Epidemiology of the human circadian clock" (PDF). Sleep Medicine Reviews. 11 (6): 429–38. doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2007.07.005. hdl:11370/65d6f03a-88cd-405c-a067-4afbc1b9ba9d. PMID 17936039. S2CID 11628329. Archived (PDF) from the original on 23 March 2023. Retrieved 16 August 2019.
"The brain from top to bottom: Molecules that build up and make you sleep". McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Archived from the original on 7 February 2013. Retrieved 20 September 2012.
Clark I, Landolt HP (February 2017). "Coffee, caffeine, and sleep: A systematic review of epidemiological studies and randomized controlled trials" (PDF). Sleep Medicine Reviews. 31: 70–78. doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2016.01.006. PMID 26899133. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 November 2018. Retrieved 19 November 2018.
Dagan Y (February 2002). "Circadian rhythm sleep disorders (CRSD)" (PDF). Sleep Medicine Reviews. 6 (1): 45–54. doi:10.1053/smrv.2001.0190. PMID 12531141. Archived from the original (PDF: full text) on 27 February 2008. Retrieved 5 June 2016. Early onset of CRSD, the ease of diagnosis, the high frequency of misdiagnosis and erroneous treatment, the potentially harmful psychological and adjustment consequences, and the availability of promising treatments, all indicate the importance of greater awareness of these disorders.
Fry, A. (9 October 2020). Napping: Health Benefits & Tips for your best nap. Sleep Foundation. Retrieved 14 November 2021, from https://www.sleepfoundation.org/sleep-hygiene/napping Archived 13 November 2021 at the Wayback Machine .
Barnes CM, Lucianetti L, Bhave DP, Christian MS (2015). "You wouldn't like me when I'm sleepy: Leaders' sleep, daily abusive supervision, and work unit engagement". Academy of Management Journal. 58 (5): 1419–1437. doi:10.5465/amj.2013.1063. S2CID 145056840. Archived from the original on 15 January 2021. Retrieved 25 December 2020.
de Benedictis T, Larson H, Kemp G, Barston S, Segal R (2007). "Understanding Sleep: Sleep Needs, Cycles, and Stages". Helpguide.org. Archived from the original on 24 January 2008. Retrieved 25 January 2008.
"How Much Sleep Do I Need?". CDC.gov. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 14 September 2022. Archived from the original on 2 November 2023. Last Reviewed: September 14, 2022. Source: National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Division of Population Health.
Insomnia Causes Archived 22 October 2010 at the Wayback Machine. Healthcommunities.com. Original Publication: 1 December 2000, Updated: 1 December 2007.
Rowland R (15 February 2002). "Experts challenge study linking sleep, life span". CNN. Archived from the original on 5 October 2012. Retrieved 29 October 2013.
Mann JJ, Kupfer DJ (1993). Biology of Depressive Disorders: Subtypes of depression and comorbid disorders, Part 2 (Google books). Springer. p. 49. ISBN 978-0-306-44296-4. Archived from the original on 10 March 2017. Retrieved 24 July 2009.
"Hate waking up when it's dark out? Find out how winter really affects your sleep habits". Sleep.org. 30 January 2023. Archived from the original on 2 March 2021.
Hirshkowitz M, Whiton K, Albert SM, Alessi C, Bruni O, DonCarlos L, et al. (March 2015). "National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary". Sleep Health. 1 (1): 40–43. doi:10.1016/j.sleh.2014.12.010. PMID 29073412. S2CID 205190733. Archived from the original on 14 November 2017. Retrieved 4 February 2015.
Leslie, Mitch (8 January 2025). "Scientists uncover how the brain washes itself during sleep". Science. Archived from the original on 10 January 2025. Retrieved 10 January 2025. She called it the glymphatic system, a nod to its dependence on glial cells
Schreiner T, Rasch B (April 2017). "The beneficial role of memory reactivation for language learning during sleep: A review" (PDF). Brain and Language. 167: 94–105. doi:10.1016/j.bandl.2016.02.005. PMID 27036946. S2CID 3377186. Archived (PDF) from the original on 18 October 2021. Retrieved 17 February 2022.
Konkoly, Karen R.; Appel, Kristoffer; Chabani, Emma; et al. (18 February 2021). "Real-time dialogue between experimenters and dreamers during REM sleep". Current Biology. 31 (7): 1417–1427.e6. Bibcode:2021CBio...31E1417K. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2021.01.026. ISSN 0960-9822. PMC 8162929. PMID 33607035. Available under CC BY 4.0 Archived 16 October 2017 at the Wayback Machine.
López HH, Bracha AS, Bracha HS (September 2002). "Evidence based complementary intervention for insomnia" (PDF). Hawaii Medical Journal. 61 (9): 192, 213. PMID 12422383. Archived (PDF) from the original on 1 May 2015. Retrieved 16 December 2010.
"How to Determine Poor Sleep Quality". 17 December 2020. Archived from the original on 11 January 2025. Retrieved 5 January 2025.
"What is Sleep Quality?". 12 April 2024. Archived from the original on 2 July 2026.
"CDC - Sleep Hygiene Tips - Sleep and Sleep Disorders". cdc.gov. 13 February 2019. Archived from the original on 28 December 2021. Retrieved 18 November 2021.
Sleeping with Neck Pain: Advice from a Pain Specialist Archived 4 December 2025 at the Wayback Machine, HSS | Hospital for Special Surgery, 4/3/2023
Edison Spine Center, Sleeping Positions for Back and Neck Pain Archived 30 November 2025 at the Wayback Machine
Lee-chiong T (2008). Sleep Medicine: Essentials and Review. Oxford University Press, US. p. 52. ISBN 978-0-19-530659-0. Archived from the original on 11 March 2017. Retrieved 25 September 2016.
Primary hypersomnia: Diagnostic Features. mindsite.com
Jackson M, Banks S (4 April 2018). "Humans Used to Sleep in Two Shifts, And Maybe We Should Do It Again". Science Alert. Archived from the original on 19 June 2026. Retrieved 7 February 2022.
Hegarty S (22 February 2012). "The myth of the eight-hour sleep". BBC News. Archived from the original on 22 February 2012. Retrieved 22 February 2012.
Huntington, Ellsworth (1915) Civilization and Climate Archived 17 August 2016 at the Wayback Machine. Yale University Press. p. 126
"On Death - On Death Poem by John Keats". Poem Hunter. 29 March 2010. Archived from the original on 3 January 2023. Retrieved 12 July 2022.
Thorn J. "Saint Rip". nyfolklore.org. Voices: The Journal of New York Folklore. Archived from the original on 18 October 2017. Retrieved 21 June 2017.
Frank P (24 June 2016). "Why Have Artists Always Found Sleep Such A Fascinating Subject?". HuffPost. Archived from the original on 25 July 2017. Retrieved 14 July 2017.

wiley.com (Global: 150^th place; English: 174^th place)

onlinelibrary.wiley.com

Murray, Greg; Harvey, Allison (2010). "Circadian rhythms and sleep in bipolar disorder". Bipolar Disorders. 12 (5): 459–472. doi:10.1111/j.1399-5618.2010.00843.x. ISSN 1398-5647. PMID 20712747. Retrieved 9 May 2026.

worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

search.worldcat.org

Krueger JM, Frank MG, Wisor JP, Roy S (August 2016). "Sleep function: Toward elucidating an enigma". Sleep Medicine Reviews. 28: 46–54. doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2015.08.005. ISSN 1087-0792. PMC 4769986. PMID 26447948.
Vallat, Raphael; Berry, Sarah E.; Tsereteli, Neli; Capdevila, Joan; Khatib, Haya Al; Valdes, Ana M.; Delahanty, Linda M.; Drew, David A.; Chan, Andrew T.; Wolf, Jonathan; Franks, Paul W.; Spector, Tim D.; Walker, Matthew P. (19 November 2022). "How people wake up is associated with previous night's sleep together with physical activity and food intake". Nature Communications. 13 (1): 7116. Bibcode:2022NatCo..13.7116V. doi:10.1038/s41467-022-34503-2. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 9675783. PMID 36402781.
Yook, Ji Hyun; Rizwan, Muneeba; Shahid, Noor ul ain; Naguit, Noreen; Jakkoju, Rakesh; Laeeq, Sadia; Reghefaoui, Tiba; Zahoor, Hafsa; Mohammed, Lubna (25 October 2021). "Some Twist of Molecular Circuitry Fast Forwards Overnight Sleep Hours: A Systematic Review of Natural Short Sleepers' Genes". Cureus. 13 (10) e19045. doi:10.7759/cureus.19045. ISSN 2168-8184. PMC 8547374. PMID 34722012.
Panchin, Yuri; Kovalzon, Vladimir M. (2021). "Total Wake: Natural, Pathological, and Experimental Limits to Sleep Reduction". Frontiers in Neuroscience. 15 643496. doi:10.3389/fnins.2021.643496. ISSN 1662-453X. PMC 8058214. PMID 33897357.
Zheng, Liubin; Zhang, Luoying (September 2022). "The molecular mechanism of natural short sleep: A path towards understanding why we need to sleep". Brain Science Advances. 8 (3): 165–172. doi:10.26599/BSA.2022.9050003. ISSN 2096-5958. S2CID 250363367.
Hirshkowitz, Max; Whiton, Kaitlyn; Albert, Steven M.; Alessi, Cathy; Bruni, Oliviero; DonCarlos, Lydia; Hazen, Nancy; Herman, John; Katz, Eliot S.; Kheirandish-Gozal, Leila; Neubauer, David N.; O'Donnell, Anne E.; Ohayon, Maurice; Peever, John; Rawding, Robert (March 2015). "National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary". Sleep Health. 1 (1): 40–43. doi:10.1016/j.sleh.2014.12.010. ISSN 2352-7226. PMID 29073412. S2CID 205190733.
Benbadis, S. R. (November 1998). "Daytime sleepiness: when is it normal? When to refer?". Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine. 65 (10): 543–549. doi:10.3949/ccjm.65.10.543 (inactive 5 May 2026). ISSN 0891-1150. PMID 9830788. S2CID 8222974.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of May 2026 (link)
Arditte Hall, Kimberly A.; Werner, Kimberly B.; Griffin, Michael G.; Galovski, Tara E. (10 January 2022). "Exploring Predictors of Sleep State Misperception in Women with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder". Behavioral Sleep Medicine. 21 (1): 22–32. doi:10.1080/15402002.2021.2024193. ISSN 1540-2010. PMC 9271136. PMID 35007171.
Truzzi, Giselle de Martin; Teixeira, Igor de Lima; do Prado, Lucila Bizari Fernandes; do Prado, Gilmar Fernandes; Tufik, Sergio; Coelho, Fernando Morgadinho (January 2021). "Sleep state misperception: is there a CNS structural source?". Sleep Science (Sao Paulo, Brazil). 14 (Spec 1): 94–96. doi:10.5935/1984-0063.20200039. ISSN 1984-0659. PMC 8663728. PMID 34917280.
Murray, Greg; Harvey, Allison (2010). "Circadian rhythms and sleep in bipolar disorder". Bipolar Disorders. 12 (5): 459–472. doi:10.1111/j.1399-5618.2010.00843.x. ISSN 1398-5647. PMID 20712747. Retrieved 9 May 2026.
Xie L, Kang H, Xu Q, Chen MJ, Liao Y, Thiyagarajan M, et al. (17 October 2013). "Sleep drives metabolite clearance from the adult brain". Science. 342 (6156): 373–7. Bibcode:2013Sci...342..373X. doi:10.1126/science.1241224. ISSN 0036-8075. PMC 3880190. PMID 24136970.
Konkoly, Karen R.; Appel, Kristoffer; Chabani, Emma; et al. (18 February 2021). "Real-time dialogue between experimenters and dreamers during REM sleep". Current Biology. 31 (7): 1417–1427.e6. Bibcode:2021CBio...31E1417K. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2021.01.026. ISSN 0960-9822. PMC 8162929. PMID 33607035. Available under CC BY 4.0 Archived 16 October 2017 at the Wayback Machine.
Lollies, Friederike; Schnatschmidt, Marisa; Bihlmeier, Isabell; Genuneit, Jon; In-Albnon, Tina; Holtmann, Martin; Legenbauer, Tanja; Schlarb, Angelika Anita (December 2022). "Associations of sleep and emotion regulation processes in childhood and adolescence - a systematic review, report of methodological challenges and future directions". Sleep Science. 15 (4): 490–514. doi:10.5935/1984-0063.20220082. ISSN 1984-0659. PMC 9670771. PMID 36419813.
Rosen, Ilene M.; Aurora, R. Nisha; Kirsch, Douglas B.; Carden, Kelly A.; Malhotra, Raman K.; Ramar, Kannan; Abbasi-Feinberg, Fariha; Kristo, David A.; Martin, Jennifer L.; Olson, Eric J.; Rosen, Carol L.; Rowley, James A.; Shelgikar, Anita V. (15 November 2019). "Chronic Opioid Therapy and Sleep: An American Academy of Sleep Medicine Position Statement". Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine. 15 (11): 1671–1673. doi:10.5664/jcsm.8062. ISSN 1550-9389. PMC 6853382. PMID 31739858.
Mamelak, M.; Escriu, J. M.; Stokan, O. (April 1977). "The effects of gamma-hydroxybutyrate on sleep". Biological Psychiatry. 12 (2): 273–288. ISSN 0006-3223. PMID 192353.
Shimatsu, Akira (September 2004). "[Ghrelin-related drugs: clinical perspectives]". Nihon Rinsho. Japanese Journal of Clinical Medicine. 62 (Suppl 9): 435–438. ISSN 0047-1852. PMID 15506422.
Murphy, P. J.; Badia, P.; Myers, B. L.; Boecker, M. R.; Wright, K. P. (June 1994). "Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs affect normal sleep patterns in humans". Physiology & Behavior. 55 (6): 1063–1066. doi:10.1016/0031-9384(94)90388-3. ISSN 0031-9384. PMID 8047572. S2CID 25887442.
Copinschi, G.; Leproult, R.; Van Onderbergen, A.; Caufriez, A.; Cole, K. Y.; Schilling, L. M.; Mendel, C. M.; De Lepeleire, I.; Bolognese, J. A.; Van Cauter, E. (October 1997). "Prolonged oral treatment with MK-677, a novel growth hormone secretagogue, improves sleep quality in man". Neuroendocrinology. 66 (4): 278–286. doi:10.1159/000127249. ISSN 0028-3835. PMID 9349662.
Samson DR (21 October 2021). "The Human Sleep Paradox: The Unexpected Sleeping Habits of Homo sapiens". Annual Review of Anthropology. 50 (1): 259–274. doi:10.1146/annurev-anthro-010220-075523. ISSN 0084-6570. S2CID 237845665.
Doerig, Adrien; Schurger, Aaron; Hess, Kathryn; Herzog, Michael H. (1 July 2019). "The unfolding argument: Why IIT and other causal structure theories cannot explain consciousness". Consciousness and Cognition. 72: 49–59. doi:10.1016/j.concog.2019.04.002. ISSN 1053-8100. PMID 31078047. S2CID 147704603.
Kerskens, Christian Matthias; López Pérez, David (1 October 2022). "Experimental indications of non-classical brain functions". Journal of Physics Communications. 6 (10): 105001. arXiv:1806.07998. Bibcode:2022JPhCo...6j5001K. doi:10.1088/2399-6528/ac94be. ISSN 2399-6528.

Sleep (English Wikipedia)

adsabs.harvard.edu (Global: 14th place; English: 9th place)

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

archive.org (Global: 6th place; English: 6th place)

arxiv.org (Global: 49th place; English: 31st place)

bbc.co.uk (Global: 11th place; English: 10th place)

books.google.com (Global: 3rd place; English: 3rd place)

cambridge.org (Global: 209th place; English: 151st place)

cdc.gov (Global: 251st place; English: 248th place)

circledna.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

magazine.circledna.com

cnn.com (Global: 36th place; English: 26th place)

edition.cnn.com

cogprints.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

commons.wikimedia.org (Global: 484th place; English: 698th place)

creativecommons.org (Global: 580th place; English: 287th place)

doi.org (Global: 2nd place; English: 2nd place)

edisonspinecenter.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

hdl.handle.net (Global: 66th place; English: 34th place)

health.harvard.edu (Global: 7,776th place; English: 8,917th place)

helpguide.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

henryford.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

hss.edu (Global: low place; English: low place)

huffingtonpost.com (Global: 212th place; English: 141st place)

inverse.com (Global: 1,941st place; English: 1,159th place)

jstor.org (Global: 23rd place; English: 15th place)

mcgill.ca (Global: 2,445th place; English: 1,513th place)

thebrain.mcgill.ca

medlineplus.gov (Global: 1,521st place; English: 1,017th place)

nationalpost.com (Global: 1,018th place; English: 559th place)

neurosono.com.br (Global: low place; English: low place)

nih.gov (Global: 5th place; English: 5th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

ninds.nih.gov

nm.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

nyfolklore.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

nytimes.com (Global: 7th place; English: 7th place)

poemhunter.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

psychologytoday.com (Global: 2,259th place; English: 1,691st place)

quantifysleep.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

rero.ch (Global: 3,023rd place; English: 2,092nd place)

doc.rero.ch

rug.nl (Global: 2,629th place; English: 1,971st place)

pure.rug.nl

science.org (Global: 1,007th place; English: 665th place)

sciencealert.com (Global: 6,647th place; English: 5,633rd place)

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15th place; English: 8th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

sleep.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

sleepcycle.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

sleepdisorderchannel.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

sleepfoundation.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

sleephealthjournal.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

smu.edu.sg (Global: low place; English: low place)

ink.library.smu.edu.sg

thensf.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

thesciencenetwork.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

utah.edu (Global: 2,766th place; English: 1,555th place)

healthcare.utah.edu

uzh.ch (Global: 1,380th place; English: 1,488th place)

zora.uzh.ch

web.archive.org (Global: 1st place; English: 1st place)

wiley.com (Global: 150th place; English: 174th place)

onlinelibrary.wiley.com

worldcat.org (Global: 4th place; English: 4th place)

search.worldcat.org

adsabs.harvard.edu (Global: 14^th place; English: 9^th place)

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

arxiv.org (Global: 49^th place; English: 31^st place)

bbc.co.uk (Global: 11^th place; English: 10^th place)

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

cambridge.org (Global: 209^th place; English: 151^st place)

cdc.gov (Global: 251^st place; English: 248^th place)

cnn.com (Global: 36^th place; English: 26^th place)

commons.wikimedia.org (Global: 484^th place; English: 698^th place)

creativecommons.org (Global: 580^th place; English: 287^th place)

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

hdl.handle.net (Global: 66^th place; English: 34^th place)

health.harvard.edu (Global: 7,776^th place; English: 8,917^th place)

huffingtonpost.com (Global: 212^th place; English: 141^st place)

inverse.com (Global: 1,941^st place; English: 1,159^th place)

jstor.org (Global: 23^rd place; English: 15^th place)

mcgill.ca (Global: 2,445^th place; English: 1,513^th place)

medlineplus.gov (Global: 1,521^st place; English: 1,017^th place)

nationalpost.com (Global: 1,018^th place; English: 559^th place)

nih.gov (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

nytimes.com (Global: 7^th place; English: 7^th place)

psychologytoday.com (Global: 2,259^th place; English: 1,691^st place)

rero.ch (Global: 3,023^rd place; English: 2,092^nd place)

rug.nl (Global: 2,629^th place; English: 1,971^st place)

science.org (Global: 1,007^th place; English: 665^th place)

sciencealert.com (Global: 6,647^th place; English: 5,633^rd place)

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)

utah.edu (Global: 2,766^th place; English: 1,555^th place)

uzh.ch (Global: 1,380^th place; English: 1,488^th place)

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

wiley.com (Global: 150^th place; English: 174^th place)

worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)