Small interfering RNA (English Wikipedia)

Tomari Y, Zamore PD (March 2005). "Perspective: Machines for RNAi". Genes & Development. 19 (5): 517–29. doi:10.1101/gad.1284105. PMID 15741316. Retrieved 20 May 2026.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Laganà A, Veneziano D, Russo F, Pulvirenti A, Giugno R, Croce CM, Ferro A (2015). "Computational Design of Artificial RNA Molecules for Gene Regulation". RNA Bioinformatics. Methods in Molecular Biology. Vol. 1269. pp. 393–412. doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-2291-8_25. ISBN 978-1-4939-2290-1. PMC 4425273. PMID 25577393.^{[non-primary source needed]}
Monga I, Qureshi A, Thakur N, Gupta AK, Kumar M (2017). "ASPsiRNA: A Resource of ASP-siRNAs Having Therapeutic Potential for Human Genetic Disorders and Algorithm for Prediction of Their Inhibitory Efficacy". G3: Genes, Genomes, Genetics. 7 (9): 2931–2943. doi:10.1534/g3.117.044024. PMC 5592921. PMID 28696921.^{[non-primary source needed]}
Bernstein E, Caudy AA, Hammond SM, Hannon GJ (January 2001). "Role for a bidentate ribonuclease in the initiation step of RNA interference". Nature. 409 (6818): 363–6. Bibcode:2001Natur.409..363B. doi:10.1038/35053110. PMID 11201747. S2CID 4371481.^{[non-primary source needed]}
Eisenstein M (16 October 2019). "Pharma's roller-coaster relationship with RNA therapies". Nature. 574 (7778): S4–S6. Bibcode:2019Natur.574S...4E. doi:10.1038/d41586-019-03069-3. S2CID 204741280.
Hamilton AJ, Baulcombe DC (October 1999). "A species of small antisense RNA in posttranscriptional gene silencing in plants". Science. 286 (5441): 950–2. doi:10.1126/science.286.5441.950. PMID 10542148. S2CID 17480249.^{[non-primary source needed]} Primary sources cannot establish first-to-discover history.
Elbashir SM, Harborth J, Lendeckel W, Yalcin A, Weber K, Tuschl T (May 2001). "Duplexes of 21-nucleotide RNAs mediate RNA interference in cultured mammalian cells". Nature. 411 (6836): 494–8. Bibcode:2001Natur.411..494E. doi:10.1038/35078107. PMID 11373684. S2CID 710341.^{[non-primary source needed]} Primary sources cannot establish first-to-discover history.
Cronin, Joseph M.; Yu, Ai-Ming (2025). "Small RNA or oligonucleotide drugs and challenges in evaluating drug-drug interactions". Frontiers in Pharmacology. 16 (1) 1720361. doi:10.3389/fphar.2025.1720361. PMC 11741981. PMID 39669210.
Chen, Zhihang; Krishnamachary, Balaji; Pachecho-Torres, Jesus; Penet, Marie-France; Bhujwalla, Zaver M. (March 2020). "Theranostic small interfering RNA nanoparticles in cancer precision nanomedicine". WIREs Nanomedicine and Nanobiotechnology. 12 (2) e1595. doi:10.1002/wnan.1595. ISSN 1939-5116. PMC 7360334. PMID 31642207.^{[better source needed]}
Qureshi A, Thakur N, Monga I, Thakur A, Kumar M (1 January 2014). "VIRmiRNA: a comprehensive resource for experimentally validated viral miRNAs and their targets". Database. 2014 bau103. doi:10.1093/database/bau103. PMC 4224276. PMID 25380780.
Mack GS (June 2007). "MicroRNA gets down to business". Nature Biotechnology. 25 (6): 631–8. doi:10.1038/nbt0607-631. PMID 17557095. S2CID 35357127.
Sharei A, Zoldan J, Adamo A, Sim WY, Cho N, Jackson E, et al. (February 2013). "A vector-free microfluidic platform for intracellular delivery". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 110 (6): 2082–7. Bibcode:2013PNAS..110.2082S. doi:10.1073/pnas.1218705110. PMC 3568376. PMID 23341631.
Li LC, Okino ST, Zhao H, Pookot D, Place RF, Urakami S, Enokida H, Dahiya R (November 2006). "Small dsRNAs induce transcriptional activation in human cells". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 103 (46): 17337–42. Bibcode:2006PNAS..10317337L. doi:10.1073/pnas.0607015103. PMC 1859931. PMID 17085592.
Huang V, Qin Y, Wang J, Wang X, Place RF, Lin G, Lue TF, Li LC (January 2010). Jin DY (ed.). "RNAa is conserved in mammalian cells". PLOS ONE. 5 (1) e8848. Bibcode:2010PLoSO...5.8848H. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0008848. PMC 2809750. PMID 20107511.
De Hayr L, Asad S, Hussain M, and Asgari S (2020). "RNA activation in insects: The targeted activation of endogenous and exogenous genes". Insect Biochem Mol Biol. 119 103325. Bibcode:2020IBMB..11903325D. doi:10.1016/j.ibmb.2020.103325. PMID 31981686.
Claycomb JM, Batista PJ, Pang KM, et al. (2009). "The Argonaute CSR-1 and its 22G-RNA cofactors are required for holocentric chromosome segregation". Cell. 139 (1): 123–134. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2009.09.014. PMC 2762760. PMID 19804756.
Shibuya K, Fukushima S, and Takatsuji H (2009). "RNA-directed DNA methylation induces transcriptional activation in plants". Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 106 (5): 1660–1665. Bibcode:2009PNAS..106.1660S. doi:10.1073/pnas.0809294106. PMC 2629447. PMID 19164525.
Portnoy V, Lin SH, Li KH, Burlingame A, Hu ZH, Li H, Li LC (March 2016). "saRNA-guided Ago2 targets the RITA complex to promoters to stimulate transcription". Cell Research. 26 (3): 320–35. doi:10.1038/cr.2016.22. PMC 4783471. PMID 26902284.
Voutila J, Reebye V, Roberts TC, Protopapa P, Andrikakou P, Blakey DC, Habib R, Huber H, Saetrom P, Rossi JJ, Habib NA (December 2017). "Development and Mechanism of Small Activating RNA Targeting CEBPA, a Novel Therapeutic in Clinical Trials for Liver Cancer". Molecular Therapy. 25 (12): 2705–2714. doi:10.1016/j.ymthe.2017.07.018. PMC 5768526. PMID 28882451.
Sarker D, Plummer R, Meyer T, et al. (2020). "MTL-CEBPA, a Small Activating RNA Therapeutic Upregulating C/EBP-alpha, in Patients with Advanced Liver Cancer: A First-in-Human, Multicenter, Open-Label, Phase I Trial". Clin Cancer Res. 26 (15): 3936–3946. doi:10.1212/WNL.0000000000009491. PMC 7403143. PMID 32354749.
Lee YS, Nakahara K, Pham JW, Kim K, He Z, Sontheimer EJ, Carthew RW (April 2004). "Distinct Roles for Drosophila Dicer-1 and Dicer-2 in the siRNA/miRNA Silencing Pathways". Cell. 117 (1): 69–81. Bibcode:2004Cell..117...69L. doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(04)00261-2. PMID 15066283. S2CID 6683459.^{[non-primary source needed]}
Carthew RW, Sontheimer EJ (February 2009). "Origins and Mechanisms of miRNAs and siRNAs". Cell. 136 (4): 642–55. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2009.01.035. PMC 2675692. PMID 19239886.
Tomari Y, Zamore PD (March 2005). "Perspective: Machines for RNAi". Genes & Development. 19 (5): 517–29. doi:10.1101/gad.1284105. PMID 15741316. Retrieved 20 May 2026.
Orban TI, Izaurralde E (April 2005). "Decay of mRNAs Targeted by RISC Requires XRN1, the Ski Complex, and the Exosome". RNA. 11 (4): 459–69. doi:10.1261/rna.7231505. PMC 1370735. PMID 15703439. We investigated the decay pathway of mRNAs targeted by RISC in Drosophila cells. We show that 5' mRNA fragments generated by RISC cleavage are rapidly degraded from their 3' ends by the exosome, whereas the 3' fragments are degraded from their 5' ends by XRN1.^{[non-primary source needed]}
Monga I, Banerjee I (2019). "Computational Identification of piRNAs Using Features Based on RNA Sequence, Structure, Thermodynamic and Physicochemical Properties". Current Genomics. 20 (2): 508–518. doi:10.2174/1389202920666191129112705. PMC 7327968. PMID 32655289.^{[non-primary source needed]}
Ozata DM, Gainetdinov I, Zoch A, Phillip D, Zamore PD (2019). "PIWI-Interacting RNAs: Small RNAs With Big Functions" (PDF). Nature Reviews Genetics. 20 (2): 89–108. doi:10.1038/s41576-018-0073-3. hdl:20.500.11820/9f12a0e2-1d56-4a44-968d-6f6300efa2b6. PMID 30446728. S2CID 53565676.
Marc S, Weinberg; Kevin V, Morris (August 2016). "Transcriptional Gene Silencing in Humans". Nucleic Acids Research. 44 (14): 6505–6517. doi:10.1093/nar/gkw139. PMC 5001580. PMID 27060137.
Jackson AL, Linsley PS (January 2010). "Recognizing and avoiding siRNA off-target effects for target identification and therapeutic application". Nature Reviews Drug Discovery. 9 (1): 57–67. Bibcode:2010NRvDD...9...57J. doi:10.1038/nrd3010. PMID 20043028. S2CID 20903257.
Woolf TM, Melton DA, Jennings CG (August 1992). "Specificity of antisense oligonucleotides in vivo". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 89 (16): 7305–9. Bibcode:1992PNAS...89.7305W. doi:10.1073/pnas.89.16.7305. PMC 49698. PMID 1380154.
Dua P, Yoo JW, Kim S, Lee DK (September 2011). "Modified siRNA structure with a single nucleotide bulge overcomes conventional siRNA-mediated off-target silencing". Molecular Therapy. 19 (9): 1676–87. doi:10.1038/mt.2011.109. PMC 3182346. PMID 21673662.
Whitehead KA, Dahlman JE, Langer RS, Anderson DG (17 June 2011). "Silencing or stimulation? siRNA delivery and the immune system". Annual Review of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering. 2 (1): 77–96. doi:10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-061010-114133. PMID 22432611. S2CID 28803811.
Matsumiya T, Stafforini DM (2010). "Function and regulation of retinoic acid-inducible gene-I". Critical Reviews in Immunology. 30 (6): 489–513. doi:10.1615/critrevimmunol.v30.i6.10. PMC 3099591. PMID 21175414.
Barøy T, Sørensen K, Lindeberg MM, Frengen E (June 2010). "shRNA expression constructs designed directly from siRNA oligonucleotide sequences". Molecular Biotechnology. 45 (2): 116–20. doi:10.1007/s12033-010-9247-8. PMID 20119685. S2CID 24309609.
Birmingham A, Anderson EM, Reynolds A, Ilsley-Tyree D, Leake D, Fedorov Y, et al. (March 2006). "3' UTR seed matches, but not overall identity, are associated with RNAi off-targets". Nature Methods. 3 (3): 199–204. doi:10.1038/nmeth854. PMID 16489337. S2CID 52809577.
Wittrup A, Lieberman J (September 2015). "Knocking down disease: a progress report on siRNA therapeutics". Nature Reviews. Genetics. 16 (9): 543–52. doi:10.1038/nrg3978. PMC 4756474. PMID 26281785.
Khan AA, Betel D, Miller ML, Sander C, Leslie CS, Marks DS (June 2009). "Transfection of small RNAs globally perturbs gene regulation by endogenous microRNAs". Nature Biotechnology. 27 (6): 549–55. doi:10.1038/nbt.1543. PMC 2782465. PMID 19465925.
Grimm D, Streetz KL, Jopling CL, Storm TA, Pandey K, Davis CR, et al. (May 2006). "Fatality in mice due to oversaturation of cellular microRNA/short hairpin RNA pathways". Nature. 441 (7092): 537–41. Bibcode:2006Natur.441..537G. doi:10.1038/nature04791. PMID 16724069. S2CID 15118504.
Dar SA, Thakur A, Qureshi A, Kumar M (January 2016). "siRNAmod: A database of experimentally validated chemically modified siRNAs". Scientific Reports. 6 (1) 20031. Bibcode:2016NatSR...620031D. doi:10.1038/srep20031. PMC 4730238. PMID 26818131.
Hickerson RP, Smith FJ, Reeves RE, Contag CH, Leake D, Leachman SA, et al. (March 2008). "Single-nucleotide-specific siRNA targeting in a dominant-negative skin model". The Journal of Investigative Dermatology. 128 (3): 594–605. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.465.8240. doi:10.1038/sj.jid.5701060. PMID 17914454. {{cite journal}}: Cite uses deprecated parameter |citeseerx= (help)
Alekseev OM, Richardson RT, Alekseev O, O'Rand MG (May 2009). "Analysis of gene expression profiles in HeLa cells in response to overexpression or siRNA-mediated depletion of NASP". Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology. 7 (1) 45. doi:10.1186/1477-7827-7-45. PMC 2686705. PMID 19439102.^{[non-primary source needed]}
Mahfuz A, Khan MA, Sajib EH, Deb A, Mahmud S, Hasan M, Saha O, Islam A, Rahaman MM (August 2022). "Designing potential siRNA molecules for silencing the gene of the nucleocapsid protein of Nipah virus: A computational investigation". Infection, Genetics and Evolution: Journal of Molecular Epidemiology and Evolutionary Genetics in Infectious Diseases. 102 105310. Bibcode:2022InfGE.10205310M. doi:10.1016/j.meegid.2022.105310. ISSN 1567-7257. PMID 35636695.^{[non-primary source needed]}
Petrocca F, Lieberman J (February 2011). "Promise and challenge of RNA interference-based therapy for cancer". Journal of Clinical Oncology. 29 (6): 747–54. doi:10.1200/JCO.2009.27.6287. PMID 21079135. S2CID 15337692.
Hu B, Zhong L, Weng Y, Peng L, Huang Y, Zhao Y, Liang XJ (June 2020). "Therapeutic siRNA: state of the art". Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy. 5 (1) 101. doi:10.1038/s41392-020-0207-x. PMC 7305320. PMID 32561705.
Shen H, Sun T, Ferrari M (June 2012). "Nanovector delivery of siRNA for cancer therapy". Cancer Gene Therapy. 19 (6): 367–73. doi:10.1038/cgt.2012.22. PMC 3842228. PMID 22555511.
Burnett JC, Rossi JJ (January 2012). "RNA-based therapeutics: current progress and future prospects". Chemistry & Biology. 19 (1): 60–71. doi:10.1016/j.chembiol.2011.12.008. PMC 3269031. PMID 22284355.
Elbashir SM, Lendeckel W, Tuschl T (January 2001). "RNA interference is mediated by 21- and 22-nucleotide RNAs". Genes & Development. 15 (2): 188–200. doi:10.1101/gad.862301. PMC 312613. PMID 11157775.
Heidel JD, Yu Z, Liu JY, Rele SM, Liang Y, Zeidan RK, et al. (April 2007). "Administration in non-human primates of escalating intravenous doses of targeted nanoparticles containing ribonucleotide reductase subunit M2 siRNA". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 104 (14): 5715–21. Bibcode:2007PNAS..104.5715H. doi:10.1073/pnas.0701458104. PMC 1829492. PMID 17379663.
Gomes MJ, Dreier J, Brewer J, Martins S, Brandl M, Sarmento B (April 2016). "A new approach for a blood-brain barrier model based on phospholipid vesicles: Membrane development and siRNA-loaded nanoparticles permeability". Journal of Membrane Science. 503: 8–15. doi:10.1016/j.memsci.2016.01.002.
Shukla RS, Qin B, Cheng K (October 2014). "Peptides used in the delivery of small noncoding RNA". Molecular Pharmaceutics. 11 (10): 3395–408. doi:10.1021/mp500426r. PMC 4186677. PMID 25157701.
Tabernero J, Shapiro GI, LoRusso PM, Cervantes A, Schwartz GK, Weiss GJ, et al. (April 2013). "First-in-humans trial of an RNA interference therapeutic targeting VEGF and KSP in cancer patients with liver involvement". Cancer Discovery. 3 (4): 406–17. doi:10.1158/2159-8290.CD-12-0429. PMID 23358650.
Geisbert TW, Lee AC, Robbins M, Geisbert JB, Honko AN, Sood V, et al. (May 2010). "Postexposure protection of non-human primates against a lethal Ebola virus challenge with RNA interference: a proof-of-concept study". Lancet. 375 (9729): 1896–905. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60357-1. PMC 7138079. PMID 20511019.
Guerriaud, Mathieu; Kohli, Evelyne (2022). "RNA-based drugs and regulation: Toward a necessary evolution of the definitions issued from the European union legislation". Frontiers in Medicine. 9 1012497. doi:10.3389/fmed.2022.1012497. ISSN 2296-858X. PMC 9618588. PMID 36325384.
Rosemary, Kanasty (2013). "Delivery materials for siRNA therapeutics". Nat Mater. 12 (11): 967–977. Bibcode:2013NatMa..12..967K. doi:10.1038/nmat3765. PMID 24150415.
Jensen K, Anderson JA, Glass EJ (April 2014). "Comparison of small interfering RNA (siRNA) delivery into bovine monocyte-derived macrophages by transfection and electroporation". Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology. 158 (3–4): 224–32. doi:10.1016/j.vetimm.2014.02.002. PMC 3988888. PMID 24598124.
Takei Y (2014). "Electroporation-Mediated siRNA Delivery into Tumors". Electroporation Protocols. Methods in Molecular Biology. Vol. 1121. pp. 131–8. doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-9632-8_11. ISBN 978-1-4614-9631-1. PMID 24510818.
Morris KV, Rossi JJ (March 2006). "Lentiviral-mediated delivery of siRNAs for antiviral therapy". Gene Therapy. 13 (6): 553–8. doi:10.1038/sj.gt.3302688. PMC 7091755. PMID 16397511.^{[non-primary source needed]}
Cambon K, Déglon N (2013). "Lentiviral-Mediated Gene Transfer of siRNAs for the Treatment of Huntington's Disease". Trinucleotide Repeat Protocols. Methods in Molecular Biology. Vol. 1010. pp. 95–109. doi:10.1007/978-1-62703-411-1_7. ISBN 978-1-62703-410-4. PMID 23754221.
Tiemann K, Rossi JJ (June 2009). "RNAi-based therapeutics-current status, challenges and prospects". EMBO Molecular Medicine. 1 (3): 142–51. doi:10.1002/emmm.200900023. PMC 3378126. PMID 20049714.
Yonezawa, Sei; Koide, Hiroyuki; Asai, Tomohiro (2020). "Recent advances in siRNA delivery mediated by lipid-based nanoparticles". Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews. 154: 64–78. doi:10.1016/j.addr.2020.07.022. ISSN 0169-409X. PMC 7406478. PMID 32768564.
David, Adams (5 July 2018). "Patisiran, an RNAi Therapeutic, for Hereditary Transthyretin Amyloidosis". The New England Journal of Medicine. 379 (1): 11–21. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1716153. hdl:2445/138257. PMID 29972753.

ed.ac.uk (Global: 1,867^th place; English: 1,129^th place)

pure.ed.ac.uk

Ozata DM, Gainetdinov I, Zoch A, Phillip D, Zamore PD (2019). "PIWI-Interacting RNAs: Small RNAs With Big Functions" (PDF). Nature Reviews Genetics. 20 (2): 89–108. doi:10.1038/s41576-018-0073-3. hdl:20.500.11820/9f12a0e2-1d56-4a44-968d-6f6300efa2b6. PMID 30446728. S2CID 53565676.

eurekalert.org (Global: 3,950^th place; English: 3,383^rd place)

"First-in-man study demonstrates the therapeutic effect of RNAi gene silencing in cancer treatment" (Press release). Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology. 11 February 2013.

fda.gov (Global: 470^th place; English: 329^th place)

Commissioner, Office of the (24 March 2020). "FDA approves first-of-its kind targeted RNA-based therapy to treat a rare disease". FDA. Archived from the original on 31 May 2019. Retrieved 24 May 2021.
"FDA approves first-of-its kind targeted RNA-based therapy to treat a rare disease" (Press release). U.S. Food and Drug Administration. 10 August 2018. Archived from the original on 31 May 2019.

hdl.handle.net (Global: 66^th place; English: 34^th place)

Ozata DM, Gainetdinov I, Zoch A, Phillip D, Zamore PD (2019). "PIWI-Interacting RNAs: Small RNAs With Big Functions" (PDF). Nature Reviews Genetics. 20 (2): 89–108. doi:10.1038/s41576-018-0073-3. hdl:20.500.11820/9f12a0e2-1d56-4a44-968d-6f6300efa2b6. PMID 30446728. S2CID 53565676.
David, Adams (5 July 2018). "Patisiran, an RNAi Therapeutic, for Hereditary Transthyretin Amyloidosis". The New England Journal of Medicine. 379 (1): 11–21. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1716153. hdl:2445/138257. PMID 29972753.

nih.gov (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Laganà A, Veneziano D, Russo F, Pulvirenti A, Giugno R, Croce CM, Ferro A (2015). "Computational Design of Artificial RNA Molecules for Gene Regulation". RNA Bioinformatics. Methods in Molecular Biology. Vol. 1269. pp. 393–412. doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-2291-8_25. ISBN 978-1-4939-2290-1. PMC 4425273. PMID 25577393.^{[non-primary source needed]}
Monga I, Qureshi A, Thakur N, Gupta AK, Kumar M (2017). "ASPsiRNA: A Resource of ASP-siRNAs Having Therapeutic Potential for Human Genetic Disorders and Algorithm for Prediction of Their Inhibitory Efficacy". G3: Genes, Genomes, Genetics. 7 (9): 2931–2943. doi:10.1534/g3.117.044024. PMC 5592921. PMID 28696921.^{[non-primary source needed]}
Bernstein E, Caudy AA, Hammond SM, Hannon GJ (January 2001). "Role for a bidentate ribonuclease in the initiation step of RNA interference". Nature. 409 (6818): 363–6. Bibcode:2001Natur.409..363B. doi:10.1038/35053110. PMID 11201747. S2CID 4371481.^{[non-primary source needed]}
Hamilton AJ, Baulcombe DC (October 1999). "A species of small antisense RNA in posttranscriptional gene silencing in plants". Science. 286 (5441): 950–2. doi:10.1126/science.286.5441.950. PMID 10542148. S2CID 17480249.^{[non-primary source needed]} Primary sources cannot establish first-to-discover history.
Elbashir SM, Harborth J, Lendeckel W, Yalcin A, Weber K, Tuschl T (May 2001). "Duplexes of 21-nucleotide RNAs mediate RNA interference in cultured mammalian cells". Nature. 411 (6836): 494–8. Bibcode:2001Natur.411..494E. doi:10.1038/35078107. PMID 11373684. S2CID 710341.^{[non-primary source needed]} Primary sources cannot establish first-to-discover history.
Cronin, Joseph M.; Yu, Ai-Ming (2025). "Small RNA or oligonucleotide drugs and challenges in evaluating drug-drug interactions". Frontiers in Pharmacology. 16 (1) 1720361. doi:10.3389/fphar.2025.1720361. PMC 11741981. PMID 39669210.
Chen, Zhihang; Krishnamachary, Balaji; Pachecho-Torres, Jesus; Penet, Marie-France; Bhujwalla, Zaver M. (March 2020). "Theranostic small interfering RNA nanoparticles in cancer precision nanomedicine". WIREs Nanomedicine and Nanobiotechnology. 12 (2) e1595. doi:10.1002/wnan.1595. ISSN 1939-5116. PMC 7360334. PMID 31642207.^{[better source needed]}
Qureshi A, Thakur N, Monga I, Thakur A, Kumar M (1 January 2014). "VIRmiRNA: a comprehensive resource for experimentally validated viral miRNAs and their targets". Database. 2014 bau103. doi:10.1093/database/bau103. PMC 4224276. PMID 25380780.
Mack GS (June 2007). "MicroRNA gets down to business". Nature Biotechnology. 25 (6): 631–8. doi:10.1038/nbt0607-631. PMID 17557095. S2CID 35357127.
Sharei A, Zoldan J, Adamo A, Sim WY, Cho N, Jackson E, et al. (February 2013). "A vector-free microfluidic platform for intracellular delivery". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 110 (6): 2082–7. Bibcode:2013PNAS..110.2082S. doi:10.1073/pnas.1218705110. PMC 3568376. PMID 23341631.
Li LC, Okino ST, Zhao H, Pookot D, Place RF, Urakami S, Enokida H, Dahiya R (November 2006). "Small dsRNAs induce transcriptional activation in human cells". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 103 (46): 17337–42. Bibcode:2006PNAS..10317337L. doi:10.1073/pnas.0607015103. PMC 1859931. PMID 17085592.
Huang V, Qin Y, Wang J, Wang X, Place RF, Lin G, Lue TF, Li LC (January 2010). Jin DY (ed.). "RNAa is conserved in mammalian cells". PLOS ONE. 5 (1) e8848. Bibcode:2010PLoSO...5.8848H. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0008848. PMC 2809750. PMID 20107511.
De Hayr L, Asad S, Hussain M, and Asgari S (2020). "RNA activation in insects: The targeted activation of endogenous and exogenous genes". Insect Biochem Mol Biol. 119 103325. Bibcode:2020IBMB..11903325D. doi:10.1016/j.ibmb.2020.103325. PMID 31981686.
Claycomb JM, Batista PJ, Pang KM, et al. (2009). "The Argonaute CSR-1 and its 22G-RNA cofactors are required for holocentric chromosome segregation". Cell. 139 (1): 123–134. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2009.09.014. PMC 2762760. PMID 19804756.
Shibuya K, Fukushima S, and Takatsuji H (2009). "RNA-directed DNA methylation induces transcriptional activation in plants". Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 106 (5): 1660–1665. Bibcode:2009PNAS..106.1660S. doi:10.1073/pnas.0809294106. PMC 2629447. PMID 19164525.
Portnoy V, Lin SH, Li KH, Burlingame A, Hu ZH, Li H, Li LC (March 2016). "saRNA-guided Ago2 targets the RITA complex to promoters to stimulate transcription". Cell Research. 26 (3): 320–35. doi:10.1038/cr.2016.22. PMC 4783471. PMID 26902284.
Voutila J, Reebye V, Roberts TC, Protopapa P, Andrikakou P, Blakey DC, Habib R, Huber H, Saetrom P, Rossi JJ, Habib NA (December 2017). "Development and Mechanism of Small Activating RNA Targeting CEBPA, a Novel Therapeutic in Clinical Trials for Liver Cancer". Molecular Therapy. 25 (12): 2705–2714. doi:10.1016/j.ymthe.2017.07.018. PMC 5768526. PMID 28882451.
Sarker D, Plummer R, Meyer T, et al. (2020). "MTL-CEBPA, a Small Activating RNA Therapeutic Upregulating C/EBP-alpha, in Patients with Advanced Liver Cancer: A First-in-Human, Multicenter, Open-Label, Phase I Trial". Clin Cancer Res. 26 (15): 3936–3946. doi:10.1212/WNL.0000000000009491. PMC 7403143. PMID 32354749.
Lee YS, Nakahara K, Pham JW, Kim K, He Z, Sontheimer EJ, Carthew RW (April 2004). "Distinct Roles for Drosophila Dicer-1 and Dicer-2 in the siRNA/miRNA Silencing Pathways". Cell. 117 (1): 69–81. Bibcode:2004Cell..117...69L. doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(04)00261-2. PMID 15066283. S2CID 6683459.^{[non-primary source needed]}
Carthew RW, Sontheimer EJ (February 2009). "Origins and Mechanisms of miRNAs and siRNAs". Cell. 136 (4): 642–55. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2009.01.035. PMC 2675692. PMID 19239886.
Tomari Y, Zamore PD (March 2005). "Perspective: Machines for RNAi". Genes & Development. 19 (5): 517–29. doi:10.1101/gad.1284105. PMID 15741316. Retrieved 20 May 2026.
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nobelprize.org (Global: 265^th place; English: 450^th place)

"Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2006". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 3 June 2026.

psu.edu (Global: 299^th place; English: 159^th place)

citeseerx.ist.psu.edu

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ractigen.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

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semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)

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