Smelting (English Wikipedia)

Minet, Adolphe (1905). The Production of Aluminum and Its Industrial Use. Leonard Waldo (translator, additions). New York, London: John Wiley and Sons, Chapman & Hall. p. 244 (Minet speaking) +116 (Héroult speaking). OL 234319W.

asminternational.org

"Copper Metal from Malachite | Earth Resources". asminternational.org. Archived from the original on 23 September 2015. Retrieved 26 August 2015.

books.google.com

Sagona, A.G.; Zimansky, P.E. (2009). Ancient Turkey. Routledge. ISBN 9780415481236. Archived from the original on 6 March 2016.

britannica.com

"Smelting". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 23 February 2021.
"Mercury processing - Extraction and refining". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 23 February 2021.
McGeough, Joseph. "Early metals and smelting". Brittanica.

doi.org

Eisele, T.C. (2005). Direct Biohydrometallurgical Extraction of Iron from Ore. doi:10.2172/877695.
Gale, N.H.; Stos-Gale, Z.A. (1981). "Ancient Egyptian Silver". The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology. 67 (1): 103–115. doi:10.1177/030751338106700110. S2CID 192397529 – via Sage Journals.
Radivojević, Miljana; Rehren, Thilo; Farid, Shahina; Pernicka, Ernst; Camurcuoğlu, Duygu (1 October 2017). "Repealing the Çatalhöyük extractive metallurgy: The green, the fire and the 'slag'". Journal of Archaeological Science. 86: 101–122. Bibcode:2017JArSc..86..101R. doi:10.1016/j.jas.2017.07.001. ISSN 0305-4403.
Radivojević, Miljana; Rehren, Thilo; Farid, Shahina; Pernicka, Ernst; Camurcuoğlu, Duygu (2017). "Repealing the Çatalhöyük extractive metallurgy: The green, the fire and the 'slag'". Journal of Archaeological Science. 86: 101–122. Bibcode:2017JArSc..86..101R. doi:10.1016/j.jas.2017.07.001.
Loveluck, Christopher P.; McCormick, Michael; Spaulding, Nicole E.; Clifford, Heather; Handley, Michael J.; Hartman, Laura; Hoffmann, Helene; Korotkikh, Elena V.; Kurbatov, Andrei V.; More, Alexander F.; Sneed, Sharon B. (December 2018). "Alpine ice-core evidence for the transformation of the European monetary system, AD 640–670". Antiquity. 92 (366): 1571–1585. doi:10.15184/aqy.2018.110. ISSN 0003-598X.
Hutchinson, T.C.; Whitby, L.M. (1974). "Heavy-metal pollution in the Sudbury mining and smelting region of Canada, I. Soil and vegetation contamination by nickel, copper, and other metals". Environmental Conservation. 1 (2): 123–13 2. Bibcode:1974EnvCo...1..123H. doi:10.1017/S0376892900004240. ISSN 1469-4387. S2CID 86686979.
Likens, Gene E.; Wright, Richard F.; Galloway, James N.; Butler, Thomas J. (1979). "Acid Rain". Scientific American. 241 (4): 43–51. Bibcode:1979SciAm.241d..43L. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican1079-43. JSTOR 24965312.
Wiklund, Johan A.; Kirk, Jane L.; Muir, Derek C.G.; Evans, Marlene; Yang, Fan; Keating, Jonathan; Parsons, Matthew T. (15 May 2017). "Anthropogenic mercury deposition in Flin Flon Manitoba and the Experimental Lakes Area Ontario (Canada): A multi-lake sediment core reconstruction". Science of the Total Environment. 586: 685–695. Bibcode:2017ScTEn.586..685W. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.02.046. ISSN 0048-9697. PMID 28238379.
Jeong, H.; Choi, J. Y.; Ra, K. (2021). "Potentially toxic elements pollution in road deposited sediments around the active smelting industry of Korea". Scientific Reports. 11 (1): 7238. doi:10.1038/s41598-021-86698-x. PMC 8012626. PMID 33790361.
Jeong, Hyeryeong; Choi, Jin Young; Ra, Kongtae (2021). "Heavy Metal Pollution Assessment in Stream Sediments from Urban and Different Types of Industrial Areas in South Korea". Soil and Sediment Contamination. 30 (7): 804–818. Bibcode:2021SSCIJ..30..804J. doi:10.1080/15320383.2021.1893646. S2CID 233818266.
Sjöstrand, Torgny (12 January 1947). "Changes in the Respiratory Organs of Workmen at an Ore Smelting Works1". Acta Medica Scandinavica. 128 (S196): 687–699. doi:10.1111/j.0954-6820.1947.tb14704.x. ISSN 0954-6820.

ecfr.gov

EPA (1984). "Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing Point Source Category." Code of Federal Regulations, 40 CFR 421.

epa.gov

"Primary Aluminum Reduction Industry". National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAP). Washington, D.C.: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 25 May 2022.
"Primary Copper Smelting". NESHAP. EPA. 1 February 2022.
"Primary Lead Processing". NESHAP. EPA. 7 April 2022.
"7. Wastewater Characterization". Development Document for Final Effluent Limitations Guidelines and Standards for the Iron and Steel Manufacturing Point Source Category (Report). EPA. 2002. pp. 7–1ff. EPA 821-R-02-004.
Development Document for Effluent Limitations Guidelines, New Source Performance Standards and Pretreatment Standards for the Iron and Steel Manufacturing Point Source Category; Vol. I (Report). EPA. May 1982. pp. 177–216. EPA 440/1-82/024a.
Development Document for Effluent Limitations Guidelines and Standards for the Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing Point Source Category; Volume IV (Report). EPA. May 1989. pp. 1711–1739. EPA 440/1-89/019.4.
"Clean Air Act Standards and Guidelines for the Metals Production Industry". EPA. 1 June 2021.
"Iron and Steel Manufacturing Effluent Guidelines". EPA. 13 July 2021.
"Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing Effluent Guidelines". EPA. 13 July 2021.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Radivojević, Miljana; Rehren, Thilo; Farid, Shahina; Pernicka, Ernst; Camurcuoğlu, Duygu (1 October 2017). "Repealing the Çatalhöyük extractive metallurgy: The green, the fire and the 'slag'". Journal of Archaeological Science. 86: 101–122. Bibcode:2017JArSc..86..101R. doi:10.1016/j.jas.2017.07.001. ISSN 0305-4403.
Radivojević, Miljana; Rehren, Thilo; Farid, Shahina; Pernicka, Ernst; Camurcuoğlu, Duygu (2017). "Repealing the Çatalhöyük extractive metallurgy: The green, the fire and the 'slag'". Journal of Archaeological Science. 86: 101–122. Bibcode:2017JArSc..86..101R. doi:10.1016/j.jas.2017.07.001.
Hutchinson, T.C.; Whitby, L.M. (1974). "Heavy-metal pollution in the Sudbury mining and smelting region of Canada, I. Soil and vegetation contamination by nickel, copper, and other metals". Environmental Conservation. 1 (2): 123–13 2. Bibcode:1974EnvCo...1..123H. doi:10.1017/S0376892900004240. ISSN 1469-4387. S2CID 86686979.
Likens, Gene E.; Wright, Richard F.; Galloway, James N.; Butler, Thomas J. (1979). "Acid Rain". Scientific American. 241 (4): 43–51. Bibcode:1979SciAm.241d..43L. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican1079-43. JSTOR 24965312.
Wiklund, Johan A.; Kirk, Jane L.; Muir, Derek C.G.; Evans, Marlene; Yang, Fan; Keating, Jonathan; Parsons, Matthew T. (15 May 2017). "Anthropogenic mercury deposition in Flin Flon Manitoba and the Experimental Lakes Area Ontario (Canada): A multi-lake sediment core reconstruction". Science of the Total Environment. 586: 685–695. Bibcode:2017ScTEn.586..685W. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.02.046. ISSN 0048-9697. PMID 28238379.
Jeong, Hyeryeong; Choi, Jin Young; Ra, Kongtae (2021). "Heavy Metal Pollution Assessment in Stream Sediments from Urban and Different Types of Industrial Areas in South Korea". Soil and Sediment Contamination. 30 (7): 804–818. Bibcode:2021SSCIJ..30..804J. doi:10.1080/15320383.2021.1893646. S2CID 233818266.

jiaa-kaman.org

Akanuma, Hideo (2008). "The significance of Early Bronze Age iron objects from Kaman-Kalehöyük, Turkey" (PDF). Anatolian Archaeological Studies. 17. Tokyo: Japanese Institute of Anatolian Archaeology: 313–320.

jstor.org

Likens, Gene E.; Wright, Richard F.; Galloway, James N.; Butler, Thomas J. (1979). "Acid Rain". Scientific American. 241 (4): 43–51. Bibcode:1979SciAm.241d..43L. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican1079-43. JSTOR 24965312.

makin-metals.com

"History of Bronze Infographic | About | Website | Makin Metal Powders (UK)". www.makin-metals.com. Archived from the original on 8 November 2020. Retrieved 23 February 2021.

mindat.org

"Malachite: Malachite mineral information and data". mindat.org. Archived from the original on 8 September 2015. Retrieved 26 August 2015.

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Wiklund, Johan A.; Kirk, Jane L.; Muir, Derek C.G.; Evans, Marlene; Yang, Fan; Keating, Jonathan; Parsons, Matthew T. (15 May 2017). "Anthropogenic mercury deposition in Flin Flon Manitoba and the Experimental Lakes Area Ontario (Canada): A multi-lake sediment core reconstruction". Science of the Total Environment. 586: 685–695. Bibcode:2017ScTEn.586..685W. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.02.046. ISSN 0048-9697. PMID 28238379.
Jeong, H.; Choi, J. Y.; Ra, K. (2021). "Potentially toxic elements pollution in road deposited sediments around the active smelting industry of Korea". Scientific Reports. 11 (1): 7238. doi:10.1038/s41598-021-86698-x. PMC 8012626. PMID 33790361.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Jeong, H.; Choi, J. Y.; Ra, K. (2021). "Potentially toxic elements pollution in road deposited sediments around the active smelting industry of Korea". Scientific Reports. 11 (1): 7238. doi:10.1038/s41598-021-86698-x. PMC 8012626. PMID 33790361.

nytimes.com

Browne, Malcolm W. (9 December 1997). "Ice Cap Shows Ancient Mines Polluted the Globe (Published 1997)". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 23 February 2021.

openlibrary.org

Minet, Adolphe (1905). The Production of Aluminum and Its Industrial Use. Leonard Waldo (translator, additions). New York, London: John Wiley and Sons, Chapman & Hall. p. 244 (Minet speaking) +116 (Héroult speaking). OL 234319W.

researchgate.net

Veldhuijzen, Xander; Rehren, Thilo (2007). "Slags and the city: early iron production at Tell Hammeh". In La Niece, Susan; Hook, Duncan; Craddock, Paul (eds.). Metals and Mines: Studies in Archaeometallurgy. Archetype, British Museum. pp. 189–201. ISBN 978-1904982197. OCLC 174131337.

sagepub.com

journals.sagepub.com

Gale, N.H.; Stos-Gale, Z.A. (1981). "Ancient Egyptian Silver". The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology. 67 (1): 103–115. doi:10.1177/030751338106700110. S2CID 192397529 – via Sage Journals.

scienceaid.co.uk

"Blast Furnace". Science Aid. Retrieved 13 October 2021.

sciencedaily.com

"releases/2007/04/070423100437". sciencedaily.com. Archived from the original on 9 September 2015. Retrieved 26 August 2015.

sciencedirect.com

Radivojević, Miljana; Rehren, Thilo; Farid, Shahina; Pernicka, Ernst; Camurcuoğlu, Duygu (1 October 2017). "Repealing the Çatalhöyük extractive metallurgy: The green, the fire and the 'slag'". Journal of Archaeological Science. 86: 101–122. Bibcode:2017JArSc..86..101R. doi:10.1016/j.jas.2017.07.001. ISSN 0305-4403.
Wiklund, Johan A.; Kirk, Jane L.; Muir, Derek C.G.; Evans, Marlene; Yang, Fan; Keating, Jonathan; Parsons, Matthew T. (15 May 2017). "Anthropogenic mercury deposition in Flin Flon Manitoba and the Experimental Lakes Area Ontario (Canada): A multi-lake sediment core reconstruction". Science of the Total Environment. 586: 685–695. Bibcode:2017ScTEn.586..685W. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.02.046. ISSN 0048-9697. PMID 28238379.

sciencemag.org

Peter Schmidt, Donald H. Avery. Complex Iron Smelting and Prehistoric Culture in Tanzania Archived 9 April 2010 at the Wayback Machine, Science 22 September 1978: Vol. 201. no. 4361, pp. 1085–1089

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Gale, N.H.; Stos-Gale, Z.A. (1981). "Ancient Egyptian Silver". The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology. 67 (1): 103–115. doi:10.1177/030751338106700110. S2CID 192397529 – via Sage Journals.
Hutchinson, T.C.; Whitby, L.M. (1974). "Heavy-metal pollution in the Sudbury mining and smelting region of Canada, I. Soil and vegetation contamination by nickel, copper, and other metals". Environmental Conservation. 1 (2): 123–13 2. Bibcode:1974EnvCo...1..123H. doi:10.1017/S0376892900004240. ISSN 1469-4387. S2CID 86686979.
Jeong, Hyeryeong; Choi, Jin Young; Ra, Kongtae (2021). "Heavy Metal Pollution Assessment in Stream Sediments from Urban and Different Types of Industrial Areas in South Korea". Soil and Sediment Contamination. 30 (7): 804–818. Bibcode:2021SSCIJ..30..804J. doi:10.1080/15320383.2021.1893646. S2CID 233818266.

stonepages.com

"Stone Pages Archaeo News: Ancient metal workshop found in Serbia". stonepages.com. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 26 August 2015.

thereminder.ca

Naylor, Jonathon (21 February 2017). "When the smoke stopped: the shutdown of the Flin Flon smelter". Flin Flon Reminder. Retrieved 6 July 2020.

ucl.ac.uk

discovery.ucl.ac.uk

Radivojević, Miljana; Rehren, Thilo; Farid, Shahina; Pernicka, Ernst; Camurcuoğlu, Duygu (2017). "Repealing the Çatalhöyük extractive metallurgy: The green, the fire and the 'slag'". Journal of Archaeological Science. 86: 101–122. Bibcode:2017JArSc..86..101R. doi:10.1016/j.jas.2017.07.001.

unt.edu

digital.library.unt.edu

Eisele, T.C. (2005). Direct Biohydrometallurgical Extraction of Iron from Ore. doi:10.2172/877695.

usda.gov

pubag.nal.usda.gov

Jeong, Hyeryeong; Choi, Jin Young; Ra, Kongtae (2021). "Heavy Metal Pollution Assessment in Stream Sediments from Urban and Different Types of Industrial Areas in South Korea". Soil and Sediment Contamination. 30 (7): 804–818. Bibcode:2021SSCIJ..30..804J. doi:10.1080/15320383.2021.1893646. S2CID 233818266.

web.archive.org

"Malachite: Malachite mineral information and data". mindat.org. Archived from the original on 8 September 2015. Retrieved 26 August 2015.
"Copper Metal from Malachite | Earth Resources". asminternational.org. Archived from the original on 23 September 2015. Retrieved 26 August 2015.
"releases/2007/04/070423100437". sciencedaily.com. Archived from the original on 9 September 2015. Retrieved 26 August 2015.
"Stone Pages Archaeo News: Ancient metal workshop found in Serbia". stonepages.com. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 26 August 2015.
"201006274431 | Belovode site in Serbia may have hosted first copper makers". archaeologydaily.com. Archived from the original on 29 February 2012. Retrieved 26 August 2015.
Sagona, A.G.; Zimansky, P.E. (2009). Ancient Turkey. Routledge. ISBN 9780415481236. Archived from the original on 6 March 2016.
"History of Bronze Infographic | About | Website | Makin Metal Powders (UK)". www.makin-metals.com. Archived from the original on 8 November 2020. Retrieved 23 February 2021.
Peter Schmidt, Donald H. Avery. Complex Iron Smelting and Prehistoric Culture in Tanzania Archived 9 April 2010 at the Wayback Machine, Science 22 September 1978: Vol. 201. no. 4361, pp. 1085–1089

worldcat.org

search.worldcat.org

W. G. Davenport (1999). "Copper extraction from the 60s into the 21st century". In G. A. Eltringham; N. L. Piret; M. Sahoo (eds.). Proceedings of the Copper 99–Cobre 99 International Conference. Vol. I—Plenary Lectures/Movement of Copper and Industry Outlook/Copper Applications and Fabrication. Warrendale, Pennsylvania: The Minerals, Metals and Materials Society. pp. 55–79. OCLC 42774618.
Radivojević, Miljana; Rehren, Thilo; Farid, Shahina; Pernicka, Ernst; Camurcuoğlu, Duygu (1 October 2017). "Repealing the Çatalhöyük extractive metallurgy: The green, the fire and the 'slag'". Journal of Archaeological Science. 86: 101–122. Bibcode:2017JArSc..86..101R. doi:10.1016/j.jas.2017.07.001. ISSN 0305-4403.
Browne, Malcolm W. (9 December 1997). "Ice Cap Shows Ancient Mines Polluted the Globe (Published 1997)". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 23 February 2021.
Loveluck, Christopher P.; McCormick, Michael; Spaulding, Nicole E.; Clifford, Heather; Handley, Michael J.; Hartman, Laura; Hoffmann, Helene; Korotkikh, Elena V.; Kurbatov, Andrei V.; More, Alexander F.; Sneed, Sharon B. (December 2018). "Alpine ice-core evidence for the transformation of the European monetary system, AD 640–670". Antiquity. 92 (366): 1571–1585. doi:10.15184/aqy.2018.110. ISSN 0003-598X.
Veldhuijzen, Xander; Rehren, Thilo (2007). "Slags and the city: early iron production at Tell Hammeh". In La Niece, Susan; Hook, Duncan; Craddock, Paul (eds.). Metals and Mines: Studies in Archaeometallurgy. Archetype, British Museum. pp. 189–201. ISBN 978-1904982197. OCLC 174131337.
Hutchinson, T.C.; Whitby, L.M. (1974). "Heavy-metal pollution in the Sudbury mining and smelting region of Canada, I. Soil and vegetation contamination by nickel, copper, and other metals". Environmental Conservation. 1 (2): 123–13 2. Bibcode:1974EnvCo...1..123H. doi:10.1017/S0376892900004240. ISSN 1469-4387. S2CID 86686979.
Wiklund, Johan A.; Kirk, Jane L.; Muir, Derek C.G.; Evans, Marlene; Yang, Fan; Keating, Jonathan; Parsons, Matthew T. (15 May 2017). "Anthropogenic mercury deposition in Flin Flon Manitoba and the Experimental Lakes Area Ontario (Canada): A multi-lake sediment core reconstruction". Science of the Total Environment. 586: 685–695. Bibcode:2017ScTEn.586..685W. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.02.046. ISSN 0048-9697. PMID 28238379.
Sjöstrand, Torgny (12 January 1947). "Changes in the Respiratory Organs of Workmen at an Ore Smelting Works1". Acta Medica Scandinavica. 128 (S196): 687–699. doi:10.1111/j.0954-6820.1947.tb14704.x. ISSN 0954-6820.

worldcat.org

Veldhuijzen, Xander; Rehren, Thilo (2007). "Slags and the city: early iron production at Tell Hammeh". In La Niece, Susan; Hook, Duncan; Craddock, Paul (eds.). Metals and Mines: Studies in Archaeometallurgy. Archetype, British Museum. pp. 189–201. ISBN 978-1904982197. OCLC 174131337.