Smiley (English Wikipedia)

Uzundere Kocalar, Zuhal (17 July 2017). "Ancient Pot Discovery in Turkey Contests Smiley Origin". Anadolu Ajansı. Archived from the original on 21 July 2017. Retrieved 28 July 2017.

adage.com (Global: 2,700^th place; English: 1,403^rd place)

"How Smiley's "Defiant Optimism" Helps Brands emerge from Darker Times". AdAge. June 2021. Archived from the original on 27 January 2022. Retrieved 20 October 2021.

ancestry.com (Global: 943^rd place; English: 516^th place)

"Smiley Family History". Ancestry.com. Archived from the original on 28 August 2025. Retrieved 28 July 2025.

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

Tulloch, Sara (1991). The Oxford Dictionary of New Words: A Popular Guide to Words in the News. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. p. 268. ISBN 019869170X.
- Johnson, Richard A. (1985). American Fads. New York: Beech Tree Books. pp. 120–124. ISBN 0688049036.
- Amiot, Edith; Azizollah, Jean-Louis (1990). Les marques françaises : 150 ans de graphisme: 1824-1974. Historicom. p. 236. ISBN 978-2-907665-00-1.
- "Put On A Happy Face". Time. 30 August 1971. p. 36.
- Woolery, George W. (1983). Children's Television: The First Thirty-Five Years, 1946-1981. Scarecrow Press. pp. 113–115. ISBN 0-8108-1557-5. Retrieved 19 March 2024.
- I heart design : significant graphic design selected by designers, illustrators, and critics
- Button Helps Firms Gain 'Smile' Image, "Small Business World 1966-09:Vol 3 Iss 9 page 1.
- Catalog of Copyright Entries 3D Ser Vol 25 Pts 7-11A by Library of Congress. Copyright Office. 1971

artsy.net (Global: 6,213^th place; English: 4,191^st place)

"The Staying Power of the Smiley Face". Artsy. 15 August 2019. Archived from the original on 9 April 2020. Retrieved 9 April 2020.

bbc.co.uk (Global: 11^th place; English: 10^th place)

"The origins of your surnames revealed". BBC. 18 November 2016.
"What was the Plantation of Ulster?". BBC.

billboard.com (Global: 20^th place; English: 13^th place)

Rosenbaum, Claudia (23 September 2020). "California Graphic Artist Claims He, Not Kurt Cobain, Created Nirvana's Smiley Face Logo". Billboard. Archived from the original on 22 June 2021. Retrieved 21 June 2021.

blogs.com (Global: 7,787^th place; English: 5,564^th place)

adweek.blogs.com

Williamson, Richard (30 October 2006). "The last days of Walmart's smiley face". Adweek. Archived from the original on 2 January 2008. Retrieved 8 April 2024.

bloomberg.com (Global: 118^th place; English: 85^th place)

Sony, Astellas, Intel, Apple, Wal-Mart, Warner: Intellectual Property Archived 7 June 2024 at the Wayback Machine Victoria Slind-Flor, 1 July 2011, Bloomberg. The case is Loufrani v. Wal-Mart Stores Inc., 1:09-cv- 03062, U.S. District Court, Northern District of Illinois (Chicago).

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

"New York 'Good Guys' Show Way with Station 'Team' Idea". Billboard. 20 July 1963. Archived from the original on 7 June 2024. Retrieved 17 November 2021.
"Focus on Deejay Scene". Billboard. 15 December 1962. p. 34. Archived from the original on 7 June 2024. Retrieved 21 November 2020.
Doug Lennox, illustrated by Catriona Wight (2004), Now You Know More: The Book of Answers, vol. 2 (illustrated ed.), Dundurn, p. 50, ISBN 9781550025309, archived from the original on 7 June 2024, retrieved 21 November 2020

brandsuntapped.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Langsworthy, Billy (21 November 2024). "Smiley opens pop-up stores in Thailand". Brands Untapped.

businessoffashion.com (Global: 4,660^th place; English: 2,825^th place)

"The Smiley Company's Evolution From Licensor to a €350m Lifestyle Brand". Business of Fashion. 15 March 2022. Archived from the original on 7 June 2024. Retrieved 30 May 2022.

buttonmuseum.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Keep Your Eye on Chevrolet". Button Museum.

cambridge.org (Global: 209^th place; English: 151^st place)

Honkapohja, Alpo; Marcus, Imogen (2024). "The long history of shortening: a diachronic analysis of abbreviation practices from the fifteenth to the twenty-first century". English Language and Linguistics. 28. Cambridge University: 43–71. doi:10.1017/S1360674323000436. hdl:10852/106434. Archived from the original on 9 August 2024. Retrieved 28 July 2025.

citizen.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Smith v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc". Citizen Vox. 28 March 2008. Archived from the original on 17 January 2013. Retrieved 2 February 2011. The relevant text is in the Order granting summary judgment: Timothy C. Batten Sr., "Order" (21 March 2008)", section "B. Threshold Issue: Trademark Ownership", case "1:06-cv-00526-TCB", document 103, pages 15–19

cmu.edu (Global: 2,125^th place; English: 1,347^th place)

cs.cmu.edu

Fahlman, Scott E. "Smiley Lore :-)". cmu.edu. Archived from the original on 19 July 2014. Retrieved 7 August 2014.

www-2.cs.cmu.edu

Fahlman's original message Archived 13 May 2008 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved October 27, 2013.

cnn.com (Global: 36^th place; English: 26^th place)

money.cnn.com

"Wal-Mart Fights to Keep the Smiley Face". CNN Money. 5 July 2006. Archived from the original on 30 September 2022. Retrieved 26 September 2022.
Smith, Aaron (2 June 2016). "Walmart's Smiley is back after 10 years and a lawsuit". CNNMoney. Archived from the original on 18 January 2017. Retrieved 18 January 2017.

commons.wikimedia.org (Global: 484^th place; English: 698^th place)

""The Gregory Rubber Co Toys ad on page 20 of The Billboard March 18, 1922"". commons.wikimedia.org. Archived from the original on 11 August 2021. Retrieved 16 June 2021.

courtlistener.com (Global: 4,387^th place; English: 2,143^rd place)

"(Docket Entried and select Court filing) Loufrani v. Wal-Mart Stores Inc., 1:09-cv-03062, (N.D. Ill.)--CourtListener". Archived from the original on 24 October 2023. Retrieved 7 October 2023.

dmlp.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Smith v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. – 537 FSupp2d 1302 – March 20, 2008 - https://www.dmlp.org/sites/citmedialaw.org/files/2008-03-20-Order%20Granting%20Summary%20Judgment.pdf Archived 5 October 2022 at the Wayback Machine

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Honkapohja, Alpo; Marcus, Imogen (2024). "The long history of shortening: a diachronic analysis of abbreviation practices from the fifteenth to the twenty-first century". English Language and Linguistics. 28. Cambridge University: 43–71. doi:10.1017/S1360674323000436. hdl:10852/106434. Archived from the original on 9 August 2024. Retrieved 28 July 2025.
Clarke, M., McAneney, H., Chan, F., & Maguire, L. (2018). Inconsistencies in the drawing and interpretation of smiley faces: an observational study. BMC Research Notes, 11, Article 77. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-018-3185-0
Sedley, Aaron; Yang, Yongwei (30 April 2020). Sha, Mandy (ed.). Scaling the Smileys: A Multicountry Investigation (Chapter 12) in The Essential Role of Language in Survey Research. RTI Press. doi:10.3768/rtipress.bk.0023.2004. ISBN 978-1-934831-24-3. Archived from the original on 11 December 2023. Retrieved 11 December 2023.

electronicbeats.net (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Acid History: How The Smiley Became The Iconic Face Of Rave". ElectronicBeats magazine. 5 January 2017. Archived from the original on 3 December 2019. Retrieved 3 December 2019.

fileformat.info (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Original Emoji from DoCoMo". FileFormat.info. Archived from the original on 19 July 2023. Retrieved 2 September 2019.
"Original Emoji from KDDI". FileFormat.info. Archived from the original on 19 July 2023. Retrieved 2 September 2019.

forbes.com (Global: 71^st place; English: 54^th place)

Verdon, Joan (4 March 2022). "Nordstrom And Luxury Brands Help The Smiley Face Celebrate Its 50th Birthday". Forbes. Archived from the original on 30 May 2022. Retrieved 30 May 2022.

ghostarchive.org (Global: 64^th place; English: 28^th place)

Sooke, Alastair (3 February 2012), "Smiley's People (Radio 4): The million dollar smile", The Telegraph, archived from the original on 12 January 2022, [Loufrani] points out that a smiley face was a key feature of a well-known promotional campaign for a radio network on America's East Coast in the late Fifties.

goliath.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Steinberg, Nick (10 August 2016). "20 Hidden Details In 'Suicide Squad' You May Have Missed". Goliath. Archived from the original on 24 September 2020. Retrieved 9 April 2020.

hdl.handle.net (Global: 66^th place; English: 34^th place)

Honkapohja, Alpo; Marcus, Imogen (2024). "The long history of shortening: a diachronic analysis of abbreviation practices from the fifteenth to the twenty-first century". English Language and Linguistics. 28. Cambridge University: 43–71. doi:10.1017/S1360674323000436. hdl:10852/106434. Archived from the original on 9 August 2024. Retrieved 28 July 2025.

heraldcorp.com (Global: 3,510^th place; English: 3,380^th place)

nbiz.heraldcorp.com

신소연 (21 March 2021). "'스마일리' 보며 행복해져볼까[언박싱]". 헤럴드경제 (in Korean). The Korea Herald. Archived from the original on 25 April 2023. Retrieved 30 May 2022.

ibtimes.com (Global: 1,495^th place; English: 1,080^th place)

Ghosh, Shreesha (6 February 2017). "World's Oldest Emoji Discovered? Scientists In Slovakia Say They Found 'Smiley Face Emoji'". International Business Times. Archived from the original on 3 October 2020. Retrieved 21 April 2020.

imdb.com (Global: 22^nd place; English: 33^rd place)

"Port of Call (IMDb)". IMDb. Archived from the original on 4 June 2024. Retrieved 17 February 2024.

ingmarbergman.se (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Hamnstad". Ingmar Bergman. Retrieved 21 January 2026.

inpi.fr (Global: low place; English: low place)

data.inpi.fr

INPI Brand: FR1199660 Archived 7 June 2024 at the Wayback Machine ***Renewal*** of the Deposit Made on October 1, 1971 at the INPI No. 120.846 and Registered No. 832.277

law.harvard.edu (Global: 4,438^th place; English: 3,142^nd place)

h2o.law.harvard.edu

Smith v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. - 537 FSupp2d 1302 - March 20, 2008 - https://h2o.law.harvard.edu/collages/14555 Archived 14 September 2022 at the Wayback Machine

lefigaro.fr (Global: 116^th place; English: 637^th place)

Baërd, Elodie (21 February 2022). "Joaillerie: Messika célèbre les 50 ans de Smiley avec le sourire" (in French). Le Figaro. Archived from the original on 30 May 2022. Retrieved 30 May 2022.

licenseglobal.com (Global: low place; English: 9,278^th place)

"The Smiley Company Expands to China". License Global. Archived from the original on 13 January 2025. Retrieved 13 January 2025.

licensing.biz (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Smiley Licensing | Company Profile by". Licensing.biz. Archived from the original on 29 February 2012. Retrieved 14 March 2013.

madeinshoreditch.co.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

Ivanauskas, Giedrius (16 January 2012). "Boxpark Shoreditch: Interview with Nicolas Loufrani CEO of Smiley | Made in Shoreditch - A Magazine About Style, Innovation, Dining, Nightlife and People in Shoreditch". Made in Shoreditch. Archived from the original on 7 March 2013. Retrieved 14 March 2013.

merriam-webster.com (Global: 425^th place; English: 373^rd place)

"smiley face". Merriam-Webster. Archived from the original on 7 June 2024. Retrieved 17 February 2024.

microsoft.com (Global: 263^rd place; English: 259^th place)

Announcing WGL Assistant. Announcement: WGL Assistant V1.1 Beta available Archived 13 October 2011 at the Wayback Machine, comp.fonts, 27 July 1999, Microsoft Typography – News archive.

mixonline.com (Global: 4,966^th place; English: 2,632^nd place)

Johnson, Heather. "Dead Kennedys' 'California Uber Alles' Archived 2014-11-10 at the Wayback Machine". Mix Online. 1 October 2005.

mr-mag.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Russell Jones, John (9 March 2022). "Lee Celebrates Smiley 50th Anniversary with new Collection". MR (magazine). Archived from the original on 12 August 2022. Retrieved 30 May 2022.

networkworld.com (Global: 5,743^rd place; English: 3,776^th place)

Evers, Joris (30 September 2004). "Microsoft set to release MSN Messenger 7.0 beta". Network World. Archived from the original on 1 September 2025. Retrieved 26 August 2025.

newspaperarchive.com (Global: 1,148^th place; English: 513^th place)

Ethridge, Mark (9 September 1971). "Several Firms Claim to Be Originators of Smile Button". Nashua Telegraph. Archived from the original on 10 October 2022. Retrieved 10 October 2022.

newspapers.com (Global: 24^th place; English: 12^th place)

Clarke, Nancy B. (22 August 1971). "Two Brothers Put The Smile On Buttons For Latest Fad". The Daily Times-News. Burlington, North Carolina. Women's News Service. p. 20. Archived from the original on 31 January 2024. Retrieved 31 January 2024.
"Fad Is Sweeping Charlotte – A Little Smile That's Going Places". The Charlotte News. Charlotte, North Carolina. 9 July 1971. p. 5. Archived from the original on 7 June 2024. Retrieved 31 January 2024.
Latest National Fad: Smiling Faces Now Appear On Everything From Ear Screws To Blue Jeans (part 1) Lubbock Avalanche-Journal. Lubbock, Texas. 3 September 1971. Archived 7 June 2024 at the Wayback Machine and (part 2) Archived 31 January 2024 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 31 Jan 2024
Everybody's Putting on a Happy Face, Asbury Park Press Asbury Park, New Jersey, Sun, Jul 25, 1971, Page 36 Archived 21 February 2024 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 02-21-2024
"Nation in Quest of Symbol Takes "Smile" Pin to Heart". Press-Telegram. Long Beach, California. 11 September 1971. p. 10. Archived from the original on 31 January 2024. Retrieved 31 January 2024.
"Where Did "Smiley" Come From?". Morehead News. Morehead, Kentucky. 7 September 1972. p. 11. Archived from the original on 24 April 2025. Retrieved 25 August 2025. …Worcester/Guarantee president John Adam, Jr., admitted: "I guess we proved that a smile really goes a long way." He added, when asked why the companies hadn't trademarked the button design: "We never intended to keep the smile to ourselves—we want everyone to smile and to keep smiling and to remind them that that is our first goal in serving our customers—keep 'em smiling!"
Do-It-Yourself Carnival by Jane McHenry Archived 19 February 2024 at the Wayback Machine Vicksburg Evening Post Vicksburg, Mississippi • Sun, Sep 8, 1957, Page 38--Part of the syndicated Junior TREASURE Chest Edited by Marjorie Barrows Editor of The Children' Hour
Galloping Ghosts! By Bill Ross Archived 4 March 2024 at the Wayback Machine The Tyler Courier-Times Tyler, Texas • Sun, Oct 26, 1958 Page 64--Part of the syndicated Junior TREASURE Chest Edited by Marjorie Barrows Editor of The Children' Hour
"Largest Announcement Program Ever Used". Cherokee County Democrat-Star. 25 December 1931.
"Premiere to Be Held at Highland Theatre". Highland Park News-Herald and Journal. Los Angeles, California. 5 September 1963. p. 28. Archived from the original on 7 June 2024.
A Grin That's Lasted 43 Years - Smiley Face Got Its Start In Worcester (part 1) Archived 20 February 2024 at the Wayback Machine and Smiley Grew With America’s Search For Positives(part 2) Archived 20 February 2024 at the Wayback Machine Hartford Courant, Hartford, Connecticut, Fri, Sep 29, 2006, Pages D01, D05
The smile button: It's Enough to Man Cry(part 1) By Joseph M Treen Newsday (Suffolk Edition), Melville, New York, Mon, Mar 20, 1972 page 3 A Archived 28 February 2024 at the Wayback Machine and (part 2 page 12 A) Archived 28 February 2024 at the Wayback Machine
An early smiley in an ad for the movie LILI (1953). Archived 23 February 2024 at the Wayback Machine (newspapers.com) Daily News, New York, New York, Tue, Mar 10, 1953, Page 312

newyorker.com (Global: 191^st place; English: 122^nd place)

Carey, Leo (16 May 2004). "Sh-h-h". The New Yorker. Retrieved 29 August 2025. There are fermatas, exclamation points, question marks, and, in the middle and at the end, enigmatic signs that look like a hybrid of a half note and a smiley face
Mitchell, Joseph (30 March 1940). "Santa Claus Smith of Riga, Latvia, Europe". The New Yorker. Archived from the original on 29 August 2025. Retrieved 24 August 2025.

nme.com (Global: 142^nd place; English: 95^th place)

"Artist files lawsuit after claiming he came up with Nirvana's 'smily face' logo". NME. 25 September 2020. Archived from the original on 30 May 2022. Retrieved 30 May 2022.

nypost.com (Global: 376^th place; English: 247^th place)

"Giant smiley face projected onto Brooklyn Bridge to cheer up New Yorkers". NY Post. 28 July 2020. Archived from the original on 5 April 2024. Retrieved 5 April 2024.

nytimes.com (Global: 7^th place; English: 7^th place)

Honan, William H. (14 April 2001). "H. R. Ball, 79, Ad Executive Credited With happy Face". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 29 June 2019. Retrieved 29 August 2009.
"When You ☺ the Whole World ☺ With You, The New York Times(Oct. 16, 1971)". The New York Times. 16 October 1971. Archived from the original on 18 February 2024. Retrieved 18 February 2024.
Crampton, Thomas (5 July 2006). "Smiley Face Is Serious to Company". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 1 July 2017. Retrieved 20 February 2017.

pitt.edu (Global: 1,616^th place; English: 1,079^th place)

Votruba, Martin. "17th-century Emoji". Slovak Studies Program. University of Pittsburgh. Archived from the original on 10 August 2018. Retrieved 4 March 2017.

rankingthebrands.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Global License : Ranking the brands" (PDF). Rankingthebrands.com. Archived (PDF) from the original on 20 November 2018. Retrieved 21 September 2018.

redbull.com (Global: 1,723^rd place; English: 1,438^th place)

"The strange, tangled history of the acid house smiley". Red Bull. 18 April 2018. Archived from the original on 3 December 2019. Retrieved 3 December 2019.

rti.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Sedley, Aaron; Yang, Yongwei (30 April 2020). Sha, Mandy (ed.). Scaling the Smileys: A Multicountry Investigation (Chapter 12) in The Essential Role of Language in Survey Research. RTI Press. doi:10.3768/rtipress.bk.0023.2004. ISBN 978-1-934831-24-3. Archived from the original on 11 December 2023. Retrieved 11 December 2023.

rushordertees.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"The True Story of The Smiley Face T-shirt by Imri Merritt, August 15, 2022". Archived from the original on 20 February 2024. Retrieved 20 February 2024.

seattletimes.com (Global: 449^th place; English: 222^nd place)

archive.seattletimes.com

Rahner, Mark (20 December 1999). "George Tanagi's Work Is All Around". The Seattle Times. Archived from the original on 22 December 2024. Retrieved 22 December 2024.

seattleweekly.com (Global: 7,181^st place; English: 3,913^th place)

Barcott, Bruce (9 October 2006). "Pop icons". Seattle Weekly. Retrieved 19 January 2026.

slate.com (Global: 409^th place; English: 260^th place)

"Emoticon: Robert Herrick's 17th-century poem "To Fortune" does not contain a smiley face". Slate Magazine. 15 April 2014. Archived from the original on 20 July 2014. Retrieved 7 August 2014.

smiley.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Take the time to smile". smiley.com. Archived from the original on 5 November 2025. Retrieved 20 January 2026.
"Who Invented the Emojis?". The Smiley Company. Archived from the original on 15 June 2024. Retrieved 26 August 2025.

smileycompany.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"History". smiley. Archived from the original on 30 March 2012. Retrieved 30 March 2012.

smithsonianmag.com (Global: 663^rd place; English: 431^st place)

Stamp, Jimmy (13 March 2013). "Who Really Invented the Smiley Face". Smithsonian Magazine. Retrieved 29 May 2015.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)
Dash, Mike (5 December 2011). "Making the Rounds With Santa Claus Smith: For six years, an elderly tramp toured the U.S., paying those who helped him with checks for sums of up to $900,000". Smithsonian Magazine. Archived from the original on 22 August 2025. Retrieved 24 August 2025.

sounderground.net (Global: low place; English: low place)

Crews, Isaac (12 March 2022). "David Guetta Joins Smiley's Campaign Of Positivity With An Exclusive Video Release For Upbeat Anthem 'Silver Screen'". Sounderground. Archived from the original on 7 June 2024. Retrieved 30 May 2022.

straightdope.com (Global: 5,132^nd place; English: 4,368^th place)

Adams, Cecil (23 April 1993). "Who invented the smiley face?". The Straight Dope. Archived from the original on 18 May 2013. Retrieved 18 April 2011.

surnamedb.com (Global: low place; English: 5,785^th place)

"Last name: Smiley". The Internet Surname Database. Name Origin Research. Archived from the original on 30 April 2025. Retrieved 29 April 2025.

techinasia.com (Global: 6,958^th place; English: 5,231^st place)

Borak, Masha. "In China, the smiley face does not mean what you think it means". TechinAsia. Archived from the original on 13 January 2025. Retrieved 13 January 2025.

telegraph.co.uk (Global: 40^th place; English: 27^th place)

Sooke, Alastair (3 February 2012), "Smiley's People (Radio 4): The million dollar smile", The Telegraph, archived from the original on 12 January 2022, [Loufrani] points out that a smiley face was a key feature of a well-known promotional campaign for a radio network on America's East Coast in the late Fifties.

theatlantic.com (Global: 322^nd place; English: 198^th place)

Madrigal, Alexis C. (14 April 2014). "The First Emoticon May Have Appeared in ... 1648". The Atlantic. Archived from the original on 15 April 2014. Retrieved 15 April 2014.

theguardian.com (Global: 16^th place; English: 11^th place)

Coldwell, Will (25 September 2022). "Fifty Years and $500m: the Happy Business of the Smiley Symbol". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 7 June 2024. Retrieved 17 February 2024.
Savage, Jon (20 February 2009). "A design for life". the Guardian. Archived from the original on 16 November 2010. Retrieved 5 January 2022.
Hern, Alex (6 February 2015). "Don't know the difference between emoji and emoticons? Let me explain". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 8 June 2023. Retrieved 26 August 2025.
Seamons, Helen (5 February 2022). "We love: Fashion fixes for the week ahead – in pictures". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 7 June 2024. Retrieved 30 May 2022.
Snapes, Laura (3 January 2019). "Nirvana sue designer Marc Jacobs over alleged copyright breach". The Guardian.
"Marc Jacobs countersues Nirvana in T-shirt copyright dispute". The Guardian. 28 November 2019.

thenewatlantis.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

text-patterns.thenewatlantis.com

"smileys, emoticons, typewriter art". Text Patterns - The New Atlantis. Archived from the original on 28 February 2017. Retrieved 9 August 2014.

thetimes.com (Global: 221^st place; English: 110^th place)

O'Brien, Jennifer. "Banksy to sell works at Art Source fair in Dublin". The Times. Archived from the original on 3 October 2020. Retrieved 9 April 2020.

typ.pl (Global: low place; English: low place)

wgl.typ.pl

"WGL Assistant v1.1: The Multilingual Font Manager". Archived from the original on 24 March 2008.

usatoday.com (Global: 55^th place; English: 36^th place)

Carry, Owen (11 September 2026). "Why the word 'Verity' and yellow smiley faces could become the new '6-7'". USA Today. Retrieved 24 September 2026.

uspto.gov (Global: 2,155^th place; English: 1,380^th place)

tsdr.uspto.gov

The Funny Company, Inc. US Trademark Registration Certificate No. 764,727, Feb 11, 1964, Ser. No. 164,341, file Mar. 11, 1963 First Use Jan 10, 1963, First Use in Commerce Feb. 13, 1963 Archived 6 January 2022 at the Wayback Machine access date March 27, 2022

vancouversun.com (Global: 2,100^th place; English: 1,074^th place)

Gunn, Frank (28 July 2012). "Spectators play with giant smiley face beach balls during the pre-show for the Olympic Games Opening ceremonies in London on Friday July 27, 2012". Vancouver Sun. Archived from the original on 3 October 2020. Retrieved 9 April 2020.

vice.com (Global: 247^th place; English: 175^th place)

Golby, Joel (24 January 2018). "The Man Who Owns the Smiley Face". Vice. Archived from the original on 3 December 2019. Retrieved 3 December 2019.

volkskrant.nl (Global: 949^th place; English: 1,958^th place)

van Den Berg, Erik. "De smiley is niet stuk te krijgen". de Volkskrant. Archived from the original on 5 April 2024. Retrieved 5 April 2024.

walmart.com (Global: 8,706^th place; English: 5,430^th place)

corporate.walmart.com

"Why the (Smiley) Face? A Chat with Walmart's CMO". Corporate - US (The Wayback Machine). 1 June 2016. Archived from the original on 28 February 2020. Retrieved 21 February 2024.

washington.edu (Global: 1,171^st place; English: 736^th place)

digitalcollections.lib.washington.edu

"Smiley face pin from University Federal Savings, 1967 (Museum of History and Industry)". Archived from the original on 21 February 2024. Retrieved 21 February 2024.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

"smiley face". Merriam-Webster. Archived from the original on 7 June 2024. Retrieved 17 February 2024.
"New York 'Good Guys' Show Way with Station 'Team' Idea". Billboard. 20 July 1963. Archived from the original on 7 June 2024. Retrieved 17 November 2021.
Adams, Cecil (23 April 1993). "Who invented the smiley face?". The Straight Dope. Archived from the original on 18 May 2013. Retrieved 18 April 2011.
Ethridge, Mark (9 September 1971). "Several Firms Claim to Be Originators of Smile Button". Nashua Telegraph. Archived from the original on 10 October 2022. Retrieved 10 October 2022.
"Wal-Mart Fights to Keep the Smiley Face". CNN Money. 5 July 2006. Archived from the original on 30 September 2022. Retrieved 26 September 2022.
INPI Brand: FR1199660 Archived 7 June 2024 at the Wayback Machine ***Renewal*** of the Deposit Made on October 1, 1971 at the INPI No. 120.846 and Registered No. 832.277
Clarke, Nancy B. (22 August 1971). "Two Brothers Put The Smile On Buttons For Latest Fad". The Daily Times-News. Burlington, North Carolina. Women's News Service. p. 20. Archived from the original on 31 January 2024. Retrieved 31 January 2024.
"Fad Is Sweeping Charlotte – A Little Smile That's Going Places". The Charlotte News. Charlotte, North Carolina. 9 July 1971. p. 5. Archived from the original on 7 June 2024. Retrieved 31 January 2024.
Latest National Fad: Smiling Faces Now Appear On Everything From Ear Screws To Blue Jeans (part 1) Lubbock Avalanche-Journal. Lubbock, Texas. 3 September 1971. Archived 7 June 2024 at the Wayback Machine and (part 2) Archived 31 January 2024 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 31 Jan 2024
Everybody's Putting on a Happy Face, Asbury Park Press Asbury Park, New Jersey, Sun, Jul 25, 1971, Page 36 Archived 21 February 2024 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 02-21-2024
"Nation in Quest of Symbol Takes "Smile" Pin to Heart". Press-Telegram. Long Beach, California. 11 September 1971. p. 10. Archived from the original on 31 January 2024. Retrieved 31 January 2024.
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