Snow leopard (English Wikipedia)

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astanatimes.com (Global: 7,129^th place; English: 5,115^th place)

Bulatkulova, S. (2021). "Snow Leopards Caught On Camera 65 Times and Counting This Year Alone in Almaty Region". The Astana Times. Archived from the original on 2021-11-23. Retrieved 2024-04-05.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

Kitchener, A. C.; Driscoll, C. A. & Yamaguchi, N. (2016). "What is a Snow Leopard? Taxonomy, Morphology, and Phylogeny". In McCarthy, T. & Mallon, D. (eds.). Snow Leopards. Amsterdam, Boston, Heidelberg, London, New York: Academic Press. pp. 3–11. ISBN 978-0-12-802496-6. Archived from the original on 2023-02-10. Retrieved 2020-12-12.
Sunquist, M. & Sunquist, F. (2002). "Snow leopard Uncia uncia (Schreber, 1775)". Wild Cats of the World. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. pp. 377–394. ISBN 978-0-226-77999-7. Archived from the original on 2023-02-10. Retrieved 2020-12-12.
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Paltsyn, M.; Poyarkov, A.; Spitsyn, S.; Kuksin, A.; Istomov, S.; Gibbs, J.P.; Jackson, R. M.; Castner, J.; Kozlova, S.; Karnaukhov, A. & Malykh, S. (2016). "Northern Range: Russia". In McCarthy, T. & Mallon, D. (eds.). Snow Leopards. Biodiversity of the World: Conservation from Genes to Landscapes. Amsterdam, Boston, Heidelberg, London, New York: Academic Press. pp. 501–511. ISBN 978-0-12-802496-6. Archived from the original on 2023-02-10. Retrieved 2020-12-12.
Esipov, A.; Bykova, E.; Protas, Y. & Aromov, B. (2016). "Central Asia: Uzbekistan". In McCarthy, T. & Mallon, D. (eds.). Snow Leopards. Biodiversity of the World: Conservation from Genes to Landscapes. Amsterdam, Boston, Heidelberg, London, New York: Academic Press. pp. 439–447. ISBN 978-0-12-802496-6. Archived from the original on 2023-02-10. Retrieved 2020-12-12.
Liu, Y.; Weckworth, B.; Li, J.; Xiao, L.; Zhao, X. & Lu, Z. (2016). "China: The Tibetan Plateau, Sanjiangyuan Region". In McCarthy, T. & Mallon, D. (eds.). Snow Leopards. Amsterdam, Boston, Heidelberg, London, New York: Academic Press. pp. 513–521. ISBN 978-0-12-802496-6. Archived from the original on 2023-02-10. Retrieved 2020-12-12.
Hussain, S. (2019). The Snow Leopard and the Goat: Politics of Conservation in the Western Himalayas. University of Washington Press. ISBN 978-0-295-74658-6. Archived from the original on 2023-11-08. Retrieved 2023-06-25.

bucknell.edu (Global: 671^st place; English: 1,144^th place)

departments.bucknell.edu

Wozencraft, W. C. (2005). "Species Uncia uncia". In Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 548. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.

cnn.com (Global: 36^th place; English: 26^th place)

Yeung, J. (2026). "Snow leopard mauls skier in China's Xinjiang region". CNN. Archived from the original on January 27, 2026. Retrieved January 28, 2026.

core.ac.uk (Global: 1,383^rd place; English: 954^th place)

Namgail, T.; Fox, J. L. & Bhatnagar, Y. V. (2007). "Carnivore-caused livestock mortality in Trans-Himalaya" (PDF). Environmental Management. 39 (4): 490–496. Bibcode:2007EnMan..39..490N. doi:10.1007/s00267-005-0178-2. PMID 17318699. S2CID 30967502. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2023-11-08. Retrieved 2023-10-25.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

McCarthy, T.; Mallon, D.; Jackson, R.; Zahler, P. & McCarthy, K. (2017). "Panthera uncia". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017 e.T22732A50664030. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T22732A50664030.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
Allen, E. A. (1908). "English Doublets". Publications of the Modern Language Association of America. New Series 16. 23 (1): 184–239. doi:10.2307/456687. JSTOR 456687. S2CID 251028590.
Oxford University Press. "ounce (n.2), Etymology". Oxford English Dictionary. doi:10.1093/OED/1585449939. Retrieved 9 August 2026.
Horsfield, T. (1855). "Brief notices of several new or little-known species of Mammalia, lately discovered and collected in Nepal, by Brian Houghton Hodgson". The Annals and Magazine of Natural History: Including Zoology, Botany, and Geology. 2. 16 (92): 101–114. doi:10.1080/037454809495489.
Johnson, W. E.; Eizirik, E.; Pecon-Slattery, J.; Murphy, W. J.; Antunes, A.; Teeling, E. & O'Brien, S. J. (2006). "The late Miocene radiation of modern Felidae: a genetic assessment". Science. 311 (5757): 73–77. Bibcode:2006Sci...311...73J. doi:10.1126/science.1122277. PMID 16400146.
Davis, B. W.; Li, G. & Murphy, W. J. (2010). "Supermatrix and species tree methods resolve phylogenetic relationships within the big cats, Panthera (Carnivora: Felidae)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 56 (1): 64–76. Bibcode:2010MolPE..56...64D. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2010.01.036. PMID 20138224.
Janecka, J. E.; Zhang, Y.; Li, D.; Munkhtsog, B.; Bayaraa, M.; Galsandorj, N.; Wangchuk, T. R.; Karmacharya, D.; Li, J.; Lu, Z. & Uulu, K. Z. (2017). "Range-Wide Snow Leopard Phylogeography Supports Three Subspecies". Journal of Heredity. 108 (6): 597–607. doi:10.1093/jhered/esx044. PMID 28498961.
Senn, H.; Murray-Dickson, G.; Kitchener, A. C.; Riordan, P. & Mallon, D. (2018). "Response to Janecka et al. 2017". Heredity. 120 (6): 581–585. Bibcode:2018Hered.120..581S. doi:10.1038/s41437-017-0015-4. PMC 5943311. PMID 29225352.
Janecka, J. E.; Janecka, M. J.; Helgen, K. M. & Murphy, W. J. (2018). "The validity of three snow leopard subspecies: response to Senn et al". Heredity. 120 (6): 586–590. Bibcode:2018Hered.120..586J. doi:10.1038/s41437-018-0052-7. PMC 5943360. PMID 29434338.
Janecka, J. E.; Hacker, C.; Broderick, J.; Pulugulla, S.; Auron, P.; Ringling, M.; Nelson, B.; Munkhtsog, B.; Hussain, S.; Davis, B. & Jackson, R. (2020). "Noninvasive Genetics and Genomics Shed Light on the Status, Phylogeography, and Evolution of the Elusive Snow Leopard". In Ortega, J. & Maldonado, J. E. (eds.). Conservation Genetics in Mammals. Integrative Research Using Novel Approaches. Basel: Springer International Publishing. pp. 83–120. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-33334-8_5. ISBN 978-3-030-33334-8.
Korablev, M.; Poyarkov, A. D.; Karnaukhov, A. S.; Zvychaynaya, E. Y.; Kuksin, A. N.; Malykh, S. V.; Istomov, S. V.; Spitsyn, S. V.; Aleksandrov, D. Y.; Hernandez-Blanco, J. A. & Munkhtsog, B. (2021). "Large-scale and fine-grain population structure and genetic diversity of snow leopards (Panthera uncia Schreber, 1776) from the northern and western parts of the range with an emphasis on the Russian population" (PDF). Conservation Genetics. 22 (3): 397–410. Bibcode:2021ConG...22..397K. doi:10.1007/s10592-021-01347-0. S2CID 233480791. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2021-05-19. Retrieved 2021-04-22.
Jiangzuo, Q.; Madurell-Malapeira, J.; Li, X.; Estraviz-López, D.; Mateus, O.; Testu, A.; Li, S.; Wang, S.; Deng, T. (2025). "Insights on the evolution and adaptation toward high-altitude and cold environments in the snow leopard lineage". Science Advances. 11 (3) eadp5243. Bibcode:2025SciA...11P5243J. doi:10.1126/sciadv.adp5243. PMC 11734717. PMID 39813339.
Mazák, J. H.; Christiansen, P.; Kitchener, A. C. & Goswami, A. (2011). "Oldest known pantherine skull and evolution of the tiger". PLoS One. 6 (10) e25483. Bibcode:2011PLoSO...625483M. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0025483. PMC 3189913. PMID 22016768.
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Geraads, D. & Peigné, S. (December 2017). "Re-Appraisal of 'Felis' pamiri Ozansoy, 1959 (Carnivora, Felidae) from the Upper Miocene of Turkey: the Earliest Pantherin Cat?". Journal of Mammalian Evolution. 24 (4): 415–425. doi:10.1007/s10914-016-9349-6. Archived from the original on 2024-06-25. Retrieved 2024-06-30.
Hemmer, H. (2023). "The evolution of the palaeopantherine cats, Palaeopanthera gen. nov. blytheae (Tseng et al., 2014) and Palaeopanthera pamiri (Ozansoy, 1959) comb. nov. (Mammalia, Carnivora, Felidae)". Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments. 103 (4): 827–839. Bibcode:2023PdPe..103..827H. doi:10.1007/s12549-023-00571-5.
Li, G.; Davis, B. W.; Eizirik, E. & Murphy, W. J. (2016). "Phylogenomic evidence for ancient hybridization in the genomes of living cats (Felidae)". Genome Research. 26 (1): 1–11. doi:10.1101/gr.186668.114. PMC 4691742. PMID 26518481.
Dennell, R. W.; Coard, R. & Turner, A. (2008). "Predators and scavengers in Early Pleistocene southern Asia". Quaternary International. 192 (1): 78–88. Bibcode:2008QuInt.192...78D. doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2007.06.023.
Hemmer, H. (2023). "An intriguing find of an early Middle Pleistocene European snow leopard, Panthera uncia pyrenaica ssp. nov. (Mammalia, Carnivora, Felidae), from the Arago cave (Tautavel, Pyrénées-Orientales, France)". Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments. 103 (1): 207–220. Bibcode:2023PdPe..103..207H. doi:10.1007/s12549-021-00514-y. S2CID 246433218.
Prat-Vericat, M.; Marciszak, A.; Bartolini-Lucenti, S.; Fidalgo, D.; Rufí, I.; Tura-Poch, C.; Vizcaíno-Varo, V.; Jovells-Vaqué, S.; Ramada, N.; Díez-Canseco, C.; Gelabert, P.; Tornero, C.; Terradas, X.; Rook, L.; Madurell-Malapeira, J. (2025). "A review on Pyrenean Pleistocene leopards paleoecology, paleobiogeography and adaptative convergences with snow leopards". Quaternary Science Reviews. 358 109327. Bibcode:2025QSRv..35809327P. doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2025.109327. hdl:2158/1419593.
Hemmer, H. (1972). "Uncia uncia" (PDF). Mammalian Species (20): 1–5. Bibcode:1972MamSp..20....1H. doi:10.2307/3503882. JSTOR 3503882. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-04-01.
Christiansen, P. (2007). "Canine morphology in the larger Felidae: implications for feeding ecology". Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. 91 (4): 573–592. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8312.2007.00819.x.
Weissengruber, G. E.; Forstenpointner, G.; Peters, G.; Kübber-Heiss, A.; Fitch, W. T. (2002). "Hyoid apparatus and pharynx in the lion (Panthera leo), jaguar (Panthera onca), tiger (Panthera tigris), cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus) and domestic cat (Felis silvestris f. catus)". Journal of Anatomy. 201 (3): 195–209. doi:10.1046/j.1469-7580.2002.00088.x. PMC 1570911. PMID 12363272.
Torregrosa, V.; Petrucci, M.; Pérez-Claros, J. A. & Palmqvist, P. (2010). "Nasal aperture area and body mass in felids: Ecophysiological implications and paleobiological inferences". Geobios. 43 (6): 653–661. Bibcode:2010Geobi..43..653T. doi:10.1016/j.geobios.2010.05.001.
Janecka, J.E.; Nielsen, S.S.; Andersen, S.D.; Hoffmann, F.G.; Weber, R.E.; Anderson, T.; Storz, J.F. & Fago, A. (2015). "Genetically based low oxygen affinities of felid hemoglobins: lack of biochemical adaptation to high-altitude hypoxia in the snow leopard". Journal of Experimental Biology. 218 (15): 2402–2409. Bibcode:2015JExpB.218.2402J. doi:10.1242/jeb.125369. PMC 4528707. PMID 26246610.
Simms, A.; Moheb, Z.; Salahudin; Ali, H.; Ali, I.; Wood, T. (2011). "Saving threatened species in Afghanistan: snow leopards in the Wakhan Corridor". International Journal of Environmental Studies. 68 (3): 299–312. Bibcode:2011IJEnS..68..299S. doi:10.1080/00207233.2011.577147. S2CID 96170915.
Janečka, J. E.; Jackson. R.; Yuquang, Z.; Diqiang, L.; Munkhtsog, B.; Buckley-Beason, V.; Murphy, W. J. (2008). "Population monitoring of snow leopards using noninvasive collection of scat samples: a pilot study". Animal Conservation. 11 (5): 401–411. Bibcode:2008AnCon..11..401J. doi:10.1111/j.1469-1795.2008.00195.x. S2CID 20787622.
Raina, P.; Mungi, N. A.; Kumar, U.; Rathi, A. D.; Khan, N. H.; Patel, D. A.; Bhasin, A.; Bisht, S.; Hiby, L.; Pandav, B.; Sultan, M. S.; Takpa, J. J.; Jhala, Y. V. (2025). "Comprehensive assessment of snow leopard distribution and population in the Indian Trans-Himalaya, Ladakh: Standardizing methods for evidence-based conservation". PLOS ONE. 20 (5) e0322136. Bibcode:2025PLoSO..2022136R. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0322136. PMC 12057866. PMID 40333686.
Li, X.; Wei, C.; Chen, X.; Jia, D.; Li, P.; Liang, S.; Jikmed, A.; Gao, Y.; Zhao, X.; Chu, M. & Sharma, K. (2025). "First large-scale assessment of snow leopard population in China using existing data from multiple organizations". Biodiversity and Conservation. 34 (3): 1039–1055. doi:10.1007/s10531-024-03007-4.
Nawaz, M.A.; Hameed, S.; Din, J.U.; Ali, H.; Ahmad, S.; Durbach, I.; Ghaznavi, M.; Farooque, M.; Iftikhar, N. & Khan, M.S. (2026). "From shadows to data: first robust population assessment of snow leopards in Pakistan". Ecography (2) e08074. Bibcode:2026Ecogr202608074N. doi:10.1002/ecog.08074.
Johansson, Ö.; Rauset, G. R.; Samelius, G.; McCarthy, T.; Andrén, H.; Tumursukh, L. & Mishra, C. (2016). "Land sharing is essential for snow leopard conservation" (PDF). Biological Conservation. 203 (203): 1–7. Bibcode:2016BCons.203....1J. doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2016.08.034. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2021-05-19. Retrieved 2019-05-24.
Das, S.; Manna, S.; Ray, S.; Das, P.; Rai, U.; Ghosh, B. & Sarkar, M. P. (2019). "Do Urinary Volatiles Carry Communicative Messages in Himalayan Snow Leopards [Panthera uncia, (Schreber, 1775)]?". In Buesching, C. (ed.). Chemical Signals in Vertebrates 14. Vol. 14. Cham: Springer. pp. 27–37. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-17616-7_3. ISBN 978-3-030-17615-0. S2CID 200084900.
Johansson, Ö.; McCarthy, T.; Samelius, G.; Andrén, H.; Tumursukh, L. & Mishra, C. (2015). "Snow leopard predation in a livestock dominated landscape in Mongolia" (PDF). Biological Conservation. 184: 251–258. Bibcode:2015BCons.184..251J. doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2015.02.003. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-01-28. Retrieved 2015-03-25.
Namgail, T.; Fox, J. L. & Bhatnagar, Y. V. (2007). "Carnivore-caused livestock mortality in Trans-Himalaya" (PDF). Environmental Management. 39 (4): 490–496. Bibcode:2007EnMan..39..490N. doi:10.1007/s00267-005-0178-2. PMID 17318699. S2CID 30967502. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2023-11-08. Retrieved 2023-10-25.
Lyngdoh, S.; Shrotriya, S.; Goyal, S. P.; Clements, H.; Hayward, M. W. & Habib, B. (2014). "Prey preferences of the snow leopard (Panthera uncia): regional diet specificity holds global significance for conservation". PLoS One. 9 (2) e88349. Bibcode:2014PLoSO...988349L. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0088349. PMC 3922817. PMID 24533080.
Shehzad, W.; McCarthy, T. M.; Pompanon, F.; Purevjav, L.; Coissac, E.; Riaz, T. & Taberlet, P. (2012). "Prey Preference of Snow Leopard (Panthera uncia) in South Gobi, Mongolia". PLoS One. 7 (2) e32104. Bibcode:2012PLoSO...732104S. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0032104. PMC 3290533. PMID 22393381.
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Forrest, J. L.; Wikramanayake, E.; Shrestha, R.; Areendran, G.; Gyeltshen, K.; Maheshwari, A.; Mazumdar, S.; Naidoo, R.; Thapa, G. J. & Thapa, K. (2012). "Conservation and climate change: Assessing the vulnerability of snow leopard habitat to treeline shift in the Himalaya" (PDF). Biological Conservation. 150 (1): 129–135. Bibcode:2012BCons.150..129F. doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2012.03.001. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-08-09. Retrieved 2019-05-24.
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McCarthy, T.; Mallon, D., eds. (2016). "Religion and Cultural Impacts on Snow Leopard Conservation". Snow Leopards. Cambridge: Academic Press. pp. 197–217. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-802213-9.00015-8. ISBN 978-0-12-802213-9.

exposure.co (Global: low place; English: low place)

undp-biodiversity.exposure.co

"What water means to snow leopards". UNDP. 2 June 2022. Archived from the original on 1 June 2022. Retrieved 6 August 2022.

google.com (Global: 109^th place; English: 87^th place)

Wozencraft, W. C. (2005). "Species Uncia uncia". In Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 548. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.

greaterkashmir.com (Global: 9,644^th place; English: 5,280^th place)

m.greaterkashmir.com

Oberoi, S. S. (2024). "Snow leopard census: Ladakh leads the pack with 477, J&K records minimum at 9 of total 718". Greater Kashmir. Archived from the original on 2024-02-01. Retrieved 2024-02-01.

hdl.handle.net (Global: 66^th place; English: 34^th place)

Prat-Vericat, M.; Marciszak, A.; Bartolini-Lucenti, S.; Fidalgo, D.; Rufí, I.; Tura-Poch, C.; Vizcaíno-Varo, V.; Jovells-Vaqué, S.; Ramada, N.; Díez-Canseco, C.; Gelabert, P.; Tornero, C.; Terradas, X.; Rook, L.; Madurell-Malapeira, J. (2025). "A review on Pyrenean Pleistocene leopards paleoecology, paleobiogeography and adaptative convergences with snow leopards". Quaternary Science Reviews. 358 109327. Bibcode:2025QSRv..35809327P. doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2025.109327. hdl:2158/1419593.

indiatimes.com (Global: 31^st place; English: 19^th place)

timesofindia.indiatimes.com

"Second survey confirms 83 snow leopards in Himachal Pradesh". The Times of India. 2025. Archived from the original on 2025-11-03. Retrieved 2026-02-05.

iucnredlist.org (Global: 39^th place; English: 71^st place)

McCarthy, T.; Mallon, D.; Jackson, R.; Zahler, P. & McCarthy, K. (2017). "Panthera uncia". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017 e.T22732A50664030. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T22732A50664030.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.

jstor.org (Global: 23^rd place; English: 15^th place)

Allen, E. A. (1908). "English Doublets". Publications of the Modern Language Association of America. New Series 16. 23 (1): 184–239. doi:10.2307/456687. JSTOR 456687. S2CID 251028590.
Hemmer, H. (1972). "Uncia uncia" (PDF). Mammalian Species (20): 1–5. Bibcode:1972MamSp..20....1H. doi:10.2307/3503882. JSTOR 3503882. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-04-01.

moenr.gov.bt (Global: low place; English: low place)

"The National Snow Leopard Survey 2022-23 Confirms 134 snow leopards in the country". Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources. Thimphu, Bhutan. 2023. Archived from the original on 2024-11-21. Retrieved 2024-11-21.

nih.gov (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Johnson, W. E.; Eizirik, E.; Pecon-Slattery, J.; Murphy, W. J.; Antunes, A.; Teeling, E. & O'Brien, S. J. (2006). "The late Miocene radiation of modern Felidae: a genetic assessment". Science. 311 (5757): 73–77. Bibcode:2006Sci...311...73J. doi:10.1126/science.1122277. PMID 16400146.
Davis, B. W.; Li, G. & Murphy, W. J. (2010). "Supermatrix and species tree methods resolve phylogenetic relationships within the big cats, Panthera (Carnivora: Felidae)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 56 (1): 64–76. Bibcode:2010MolPE..56...64D. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2010.01.036. PMID 20138224.
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ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

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Weissengruber, G. E.; Forstenpointner, G.; Peters, G.; Kübber-Heiss, A.; Fitch, W. T. (2002). "Hyoid apparatus and pharynx in the lion (Panthera leo), jaguar (Panthera onca), tiger (Panthera tigris), cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus) and domestic cat (Felis silvestris f. catus)". Journal of Anatomy. 201 (3): 195–209. doi:10.1046/j.1469-7580.2002.00088.x. PMC 1570911. PMID 12363272.
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pensoft.net (Global: 2,271^st place; English: 1,953^rd place)

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researchgate.net (Global: 96^th place; English: 89^th place)

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si.edu (Global: 256^th place; English: 197^th place)

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smith.edu (Global: 3,053^rd place; English: 2,250^th place)

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snowleopardnetwork.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

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sorbonne-universite.fr (Global: low place; English: low place)

hal.sorbonne-universite.fr

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traffic.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

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tufts.edu (Global: 192^nd place; English: 165^th place)

perseus.tufts.edu

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web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

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"Global Snow Leopard Conservation Forum". World Bank. Archived from the original on 2021-04-17. Retrieved 2021-04-17.

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