Social Credit System (English Wikipedia)

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Chipman Koty, Alexander (5 November 2019). "China's Corporate Social Credit System: What Businesses Need to Know". China Briefing. Dezan Shira & Associates. Archived from the original on 2 November 2021. Retrieved 25 November 2021.

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Daum, Jeremy (30 March 2018). "The redlists are coming! The blacklists are coming! A concise articulation of the principle operational mechanism of Social Credit, industry-specific blacklists". China Law Translate. Archived from the original on 4 September 2019. Retrieved 12 May 2018.

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"最高法明确"老赖"上榜期限：一般2年最长或为5年". China News Service (in Simplified Chinese). 1 March 2017. Archived from the original on 12 November 2019. Retrieved 12 November 2019.

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Sander, Ed (26 July 2021). "Five misconceptions about China's Social Credit System". China Talk.

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Ahmed, Shazeda (24 January 2017). "Cashless Society, Cached Data Security Considerations for a Chinese Social Credit System". Citizen Lab. Archived from the original on 16 May 2019. Retrieved 13 July 2017.

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Shen, Kui. 社会信用体系建设的法治之道. Public Law, Peking University (in Chinese (China)). Archived from the original on 3 June 2020. Retrieved 25 May 2020.

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Zhao, Hailing; Liu, Tingting (28 November 2024). "China's social credit system and the family: Punishment and collective resistance". Economy and Society. 54: 49–69. doi:10.1080/03085147.2024.2422187. ISSN 0308-5147.
Hou, Rui; Fu, Diana (January 2024). "Sorting citizens: Governing via China's social credit system". Governance. 37 (1): 59–78. doi:10.1111/gove.12751. ISSN 0952-1895.
Loefflad, Carmen; Chen, Mo; Grossklags, Jens (31 December 2024). "Reputational Discrimination and Fairness in China's Social Credit System". Digital Government: Research and Practice. 5 (4): 1–27. doi:10.1145/3703160. ISSN 2691-199X. By the end of 2021, the blacklisting scheme had impacted the life of about 5.93 million citizens.
Brussee, Vincent (2023). Social Credit: The Warring States of China's Emerging Data Empire. Singapore: Palgrave MacMillan. doi:10.1007/978-981-99-2189-8. ISBN 9789819921881.
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Šebok, Filip (2023). "Social Control and Propaganda: What is "social credit" and how has China handled COVID-19?". In Kironska, Kristina; Turscanyi, Richard Q. (eds.). Contemporary China: a New Superpower?. Routledge. doi:10.4324/9781003350064-11. ISBN 978-1-03-239508-1.
Liu, Chuncheng (2019). "Multiple Social Credit Systems in China". Economic Sociology. 21 (1): 21–22. doi:10.31235/osf.io/v9frs. SSRN 3423057.
Kostka, Genia (13 February 2019). "China's social credit systems and public opinion: Explaining high levels of approval". New Media & Society. 21 (7): 1565–1593. doi:10.1177/1461444819826402. ISSN 1461-4448.
Creemers, Rogier (2018). "China's Social Credit System: An Evolving Practice of Control". SSRN Electronic Journal. doi:10.2139/ssrn.3175792. ISSN 1556-5068. SSRN 3175792.
Yu, Haiqing (22 March 2023). "China's Social Credit System as Method". East Asia Forum Quarterly. 15 (1). East Asia Forum. doi:10.22459/eafq.15.04.2023. ISSN 1837-5081.
Karen Li Xan Wong and Amy Shields Dobson (2019), "We're just data: Exploring China's social credit system in relation to digital platform ratings cultures in Westernised democracies", Global Media and China, 4 (2): 220–232, doi:10.1177/2059436419856090, hdl:20.500.11937/81128, S2CID 197785198, archived from the original on 28 December 2022, retrieved 25 November 2021
Xu, Xu; Kostka, Genia; Cao, Xun (1 October 2022). "Information Control and Public Support for Social Credit Systems in China". The Journal of Politics. 84 (4): 2230–2245. doi:10.1086/718358. ISSN 0022-3816.
Zhang, Angela Huyue (2024). High Wire: How China Regulates Big Tech and Governs Its Economy. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/oso/9780197682258.001.0001. ISBN 9780197682258.
Lan, Xiaohuan (2024). How China Works: An Introduction to China's State-led Economic Development. Translated by Topp, Gary. Palgrave Macmillan. doi:10.1007/978-981-97-0080-6. ISBN 978-981-97-0079-0.
Liang, Fan; Das, Vishnupriya; Kostyuk, Nadiya; Hussain, Muzammil M. (2018). "Constructing a Data-Driven Society: China's Social Credit System as a State Surveillance Infrastructure". Policy & Internet. 10 (4): 415–453. doi:10.1002/poi3.183. ISSN 1944-2866. S2CID 149771597.

fastcompany.com (Global: 1,040^th place; English: 623^rd place)

"Uh-oh: Silicon Valley is building a Chinese-style social credit system In China, scoring". Fast Company. 26 August 2019.

foreignpolicy.com (Global: 1,116^th place; English: 790^th place)

Mistreanu, Simina (3 April 2018). "China is implementing a massive plan to rank its citizens, and many of them want in". Foreign Policy. Archived from the original on 1 November 2019. Retrieved 9 January 2025.
Brussee, Vincent (15 September 2021). "China's Social Credit System Is Actually Quite Boring". Foreign Policy. Archived from the original on 16 September 2021. Retrieved 9 January 2025.
Horsley, Jamie (16 November 2018). "China's Orwellian Social Credit Score Isn't Real". Foreign Policy. Archived from the original on 28 December 2022. Retrieved 15 March 2021.

freedomhouse.org (Global: 2,046^th place; English: 1,783^rd place)

"China Media Bulletin: Social credit incentives, elite jailings, #MeTooUyghur (No. 133)". Freedom House. Archived from the original on 31 March 2024. Retrieved 31 March 2024.

ft.com (Global: 210^th place; English: 157^th place)

Hornby, Lucy. "China changes tack on 'social credit' scheme plan". Financial Times. 5 July 2017. Archived from the original on 3 January 2018. Retrieved 14 July 2017.
Yang, Yuan (15 February 2017). "China penalises 6.7m debtors with travel ban". Financial Times. Archived from the original on 24 July 2018. Retrieved 24 July 2018.
McMorrow, Ryan; Ding, Wenjie; Liu, Nian (6 January 2025). "Chinese venture capitalists force failed founders on to debtor blacklist". Financial Times. Archived from the original on 6 January 2025. Retrieved 9 January 2025.

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"Study: More than two thirds of Chinese take a positive view of social credit systems in their country". Freie Universität Berlin. 23 July 2018. Archived from the original on 8 October 2019. Retrieved 5 September 2019.

ghostarchive.org (Global: 32^nd place; English: 21^st place)

Yan, Sophia (30 October 2018). "Pick up poo or we take the dog: Chinese city rolls out 'social credit' system for pet owners". The Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. Archived from the original on 12 January 2022. Retrieved 12 November 2019.

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国务院关于印发社会信用体系建设规划纲要（2014—2020年）的通知. Central Government of China (in Chinese (China)). Archived from the original on 3 July 2017. Retrieved 10 November 2019.
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hdl.handle.net

Karen Li Xan Wong and Amy Shields Dobson (2019), "We're just data: Exploring China's social credit system in relation to digital platform ratings cultures in Westernised democracies", Global Media and China, 4 (2): 220–232, doi:10.1177/2059436419856090, hdl:20.500.11937/81128, S2CID 197785198, archived from the original on 28 December 2022, retrieved 25 November 2021

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Cook, Sarah (27 February 2019). "'Social credit' scoring: How China's Communist Party is incentivising repression". Hong Kong Free Press. Retrieved 2 March 2019.

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Mistreanu, Simina (3 April 2018). "Life Inside China's Social Credit Laboratory:The party's massive experiment in ranking and monitoring Chinese citizens has already started" (PDF). FOREIGN POLICY. Archived (PDF) from the original on 29 September 2018. Retrieved 15 December 2018.

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"China's Chilling 'Social Credit' Blacklist". Human Rights Watch. 12 December 2017. Archived from the original on 9 April 2018. Retrieved 13 April 2018.

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"China could ban children from 'dishonest' families from schools under social credit system". The Independent. 13 March 2019. Archived from the original on 10 November 2019. Retrieved 10 November 2019.
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"Government clarifies reports on social credit system". Government of Hong Kong. 9 July 2019. Archived from the original on 10 July 2019. Retrieved 10 July 2019.

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Daum, Jeremy (8 October 2021). "Far From a Panopticon, Social Credit Focuses on Legal Violations". China Brief. 21 (19). Jamestown Foundation. Archived from the original on 9 October 2021. Retrieved 10 October 2021.

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联合信用助力新疆社会信用体系建设 (in Simplified Chinese). 9 December 2016. Retrieved 14 July 2017. ^{[dead link]}

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Ahmed, Shazeda (1 May 2019). "The Messy Truth About Social Credit". logic magazine. Archived from the original on 18 January 2020. Retrieved 10 January 2020.

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Brussee, Vincent (11 February 2022). "China's social credit score – untangling myth from reality". Mercator Institute for China Studies. Archived from the original on 8 January 2024. Retrieved 6 July 2024. The biggest disconnect is around the notion of scores. Some commentators seem to imagine that a magic algorithm draws from AI cameras and internet surveillance all over the country to calculate a score that determines everyone's place in society. In reality, the SoCS is not the techno-dystopian nightmare we fear: it is lowly digitalized, highly fragmented, and primarily focuses on businesses. Most importantly, such a score simply does not exist.
Drinhausen, Katja; Brussee, Vincent (3 March 2021). "China's Social Credit System in 2021: From fragmentation towards integration". Mercator Institute for China Studies. Archived from the original on 28 December 2022. Retrieved 6 June 2023.
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Zhong, Yuhao (Summer 2019). "Rethinking the Social Credit System: A Long Road to Establishing Trust in Chinese Society" (PDF). Symposium on Applications of Contextual Integrity: 28–29. Archived (PDF) from the original on 18 December 2019. Retrieved 18 December 2019 – via Privaci.info.

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journals.sagepub.com

Karen Li Xan Wong and Amy Shields Dobson (2019), "We're just data: Exploring China's social credit system in relation to digital platform ratings cultures in Westernised democracies", Global Media and China, 4 (2): 220–232, doi:10.1177/2059436419856090, hdl:20.500.11937/81128, S2CID 197785198, archived from the original on 28 December 2022, retrieved 25 November 2021

scmp.com (Global: 362^nd place; English: 245^th place)

"What is China's social credit system and why is it controversial?". South China Morning Post. 9 August 2020. Archived from the original on 20 May 2021. Retrieved 8 December 2020.
"How China's social credit system actually works – it's not how you think". South China Morning Post. 7 January 2023. Retrieved 20 August 2023.
Lee, Amanda (19 July 2019). "Social credit system will not stop people using public services, Beijing says that". South China Morning Post. Archived from the original on 19 July 2019. Retrieved 10 November 2019.
"Court names and shames debtors in warm-up to Avengers movie". South China Morning Post. 25 April 2019. Archived from the original on 10 November 2019. Retrieved 10 November 2019.
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api.semanticscholar.org

Karen Li Xan Wong and Amy Shields Dobson (2019), "We're just data: Exploring China's social credit system in relation to digital platform ratings cultures in Westernised democracies", Global Media and China, 4 (2): 220–232, doi:10.1177/2059436419856090, hdl:20.500.11937/81128, S2CID 197785198, archived from the original on 28 December 2022, retrieved 25 November 2021
Liang, Fan; Das, Vishnupriya; Kostyuk, Nadiya; Hussain, Muzammil M. (2018). "Constructing a Data-Driven Society: China's Social Credit System as a State Surveillance Infrastructure". Policy & Internet. 10 (4): 415–453. doi:10.1002/poi3.183. ISSN 1944-2866. S2CID 149771597.

sina.com.cn (Global: 144^th place; English: 497^th place)

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7月8日起在南京一年闯红灯5次以上将记入个人信用记录 (in Chinese). Sina. 7 July 2019. Archived from the original on 7 July 2019. Retrieved 9 November 2019.
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《上海市生活垃圾管理条例》全文公布 7月1日起施行 (in Chinese). Sina. Archived from the original on 9 November 2019. Retrieved 9 November 2019.

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苏州人有自己的信用指标"桂花分"，它的高低对生活有啥影响？ (in Chinese). Sohu. Archived from the original on 9 November 2019. Retrieved 9 November 2019.
"加大曝光！这12名"老赖"登上了新昌影院大银幕，最高欠款2000多万元！". Sohu (in Chinese (China)). 22 July 2019. Archived from the original on 10 November 2019. Retrieved 10 November 2019.
"高院教委出手：限制失信被执行人子女就读高收费民办学校". Sohu (in Chinese (China)). 9 August 2018. Archived from the original on 12 February 2021. Retrieved 10 November 2019.
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11月1日起，深圳行人闯红灯将纳入征信体系，小孩照样罚！ (in Chinese (China)). Sohu. Archived from the original on 9 November 2019. Retrieved 9 November 2019.
新修改的《杭州市生活垃圾管理条例》全文来啦！. Sohu (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 12 November 2019. Retrieved 12 November 2019.
南京行人年闯红灯5次将失信是加强违法行为制约还是滥用信用？ (in Chinese). Sohu. Archived from the original on 8 November 2019. Retrieved 8 November 2019.
济南"养犬计分制"实施细则公布 4种违规情况要被扣分. www.sohu.com (in Chinese (China)). Archived from the original on 27 February 2021. Retrieved 12 November 2019.
牵好你的狗！上海推出养犬信用积分制，将纳入征信体系 (in Chinese (China)). Sohu. Archived from the original on 9 November 2019. Retrieved 9 November 2019.

spectator.co.uk (Global: 1,811^th place; English: 1,036^th place)

Yu, Cindy (13 June 2023). "Mythbusting the social credit system". The Spectator. Archived from the original on 20 August 2023. Retrieved 20 August 2023.

ssrn.com (Global: 703^rd place; English: 501^st place)

papers.ssrn.com

Liu, Chuncheng (2019). "Multiple Social Credit Systems in China". Economic Sociology. 21 (1): 21–22. doi:10.31235/osf.io/v9frs. SSRN 3423057.
Creemers, Rogier (2018). "China's Social Credit System: An Evolving Practice of Control". SSRN Electronic Journal. doi:10.2139/ssrn.3175792. ISSN 1556-5068. SSRN 3175792.
Fu, King-wa; Jiang, Min (15 November 2018). "Big Data, Big Brother, Big Profit?". SSRN 3239434.

suzhou.com.cn (Global: low place; English: low place)

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这25条都将被列入个人征信不良，不可不知! (in Chinese). Credit China Suzhou. Archived from the original on 9 November 2019. Retrieved 9 November 2019.

sznews.com (Global: 8,365^th place; English: low place)

不开玩笑！11月1日起，行人闯红灯和这些违法行为将纳入征信体系 (in Chinese). Shenzhen News. Archived from the original on 20 September 2019. Retrieved 9 November 2019.
深圳新交规：非机动车交通违法、一年3次违法未处理，都将纳入征信系统 (in Chinese (China)). Shenzhen News. Archived from the original on 9 November 2019. Retrieved 9 November 2019.

taiwannews.com.tw (Global: 3,205^th place; English: 2,266^th place)

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technologyreview.com (Global: 1,943^rd place; English: 1,253^rd place)

Yang, Zeyi (22 November 2022). "China just announced a new social credit law. Here's what it means". MIT Technology Review. Archived from the original on 22 November 2022. Retrieved 23 November 2022.
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ynet.com (Global: 3,448^th place; English: 5,925^th place)

epaper.ynet.com

Wang, Bin (31 January 2019). 北京将探索推行"个人诚信分". Beijing Youth Daily (in Simplified Chinese). Archived from the original on 16 July 2019. Retrieved 1 February 2019.

Social Credit System (English Wikipedia)

163.com (Global: 372nd place; English: 942nd place)

dy.163.com

3news.cn (Global: low place; English: low place)

abc.net.au (Global: 139th place; English: 108th place)

archive.org (Global: 6th place; English: 6th place)

bbc.com (Global: 20th place; English: 30th place)

beijing.gov.cn (Global: low place; English: low place)

jtw.beijing.gov.cn

zhengce.beijing.gov.cn

bjnews.com.cn (Global: 1,192nd place; English: 4,736th place)

brookings.edu (Global: 1,634th place; English: 1,093rd place)

businessinsider.com (Global: 140th place; English: 115th place)

caixinglobal.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

cbc.ca (Global: 115th place; English: 82nd place)

ccc.de (Global: low place; English: low place)

media.ccc.de

cctv.com (Global: 2,386th place; English: 6,176th place)

tv.cctv.com

news.cctv.com

china-briefing.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

chinacourt.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

cq5zy.chinacourt.org

chinadaily.com.cn (Global: 831st place; English: 730th place)

chinalawtranslate.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

chinanews.com (Global: 1,432nd place; English: 4,451st place)

chinatalk.nl (Global: low place; English: low place)

ciis.org.cn (Global: low place; English: low place)

citizenlab.ca (Global: low place; English: low place)

cnbc.com (Global: 220th place; English: 155th place)

creditchina.gov.cn (Global: low place; English: low place)

cupl.edu.cn (Global: low place; English: low place)

fzzfyjy.cupl.edu.cn

doi.org (Global: 2nd place; English: 2nd place)

fastcompany.com (Global: 1,040th place; English: 623rd place)

foreignpolicy.com (Global: 1,116th place; English: 790th place)

freedomhouse.org (Global: 2,046th place; English: 1,783rd place)

ft.com (Global: 210th place; English: 157th place)

fu-berlin.de (Global: 3,329th place; English: 4,598th place)

ghostarchive.org (Global: 32nd place; English: 21st place)

gov.cn (Global: 1,676th place; English: 4,796th place)

gz.gov.cn (Global: low place; English: low place)

credit.gz.gov.cn

handle.net (Global: 102nd place; English: 76th place)

hdl.handle.net

hongkongfp.com (Global: 6,197th place; English: 3,709th place)

house.gov (Global: 529th place; English: 314th place)

docs.house.gov

hrw.org (Global: 729th place; English: 650th place)

ieduchina.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

school.ieduchina.com

independent.co.uk (Global: 36th place; English: 33rd place)

info.gov.hk (Global: 2,665th place; English: 5,448th place)

jamestown.org (Global: 2,677th place; English: 1,908th place)

lhcis.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

logicmag.io (Global: low place; English: low place)

merics.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

mskagency.ru (Global: low place; English: low place)

ndrc.gov.cn (Global: low place; English: low place)

neweconomics.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

observer.com (Global: 760th place; English: 494th place)

pazjw.gov.cn (Global: low place; English: low place)

pbc.gov.cn (Global: low place; English: low place)

people.com.cn (Global: 351st place; English: 1,081st place)

politics.people.com.cn

privaci.info (Global: low place; English: low place)

qz.com (Global: 1,110th place; English: 695th place)

sagepub.com (Global: 731st place; English: 638th place)

journals.sagepub.com

scmp.com (Global: 362nd place; English: 245th place)

semanticscholar.org (Global: 11th place; English: 8th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

sina.com.cn (Global: 144th place; English: 497th place)

finance.sina.com.cn

sh.sina.com.cn

sohu.com (Global: 343rd place; English: 927th place)

spectator.co.uk (Global: 1,811th place; English: 1,036th place)

ssrn.com (Global: 703rd place; English: 501st place)

papers.ssrn.com

suzhou.com.cn (Global: low place; English: low place)

163.com (Global: 372^nd place; English: 942^nd place)

abc.net.au (Global: 139^th place; English: 108^th place)

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

bbc.com (Global: 20^th place; English: 30^th place)

bjnews.com.cn (Global: 1,192^nd place; English: 4,736^th place)

brookings.edu (Global: 1,634^th place; English: 1,093^rd place)

businessinsider.com (Global: 140^th place; English: 115^th place)

cbc.ca (Global: 115^th place; English: 82^nd place)

cctv.com (Global: 2,386^th place; English: 6,176^th place)

chinadaily.com.cn (Global: 831^st place; English: 730^th place)

chinanews.com (Global: 1,432^nd place; English: 4,451^st place)

cnbc.com (Global: 220^th place; English: 155^th place)

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

fastcompany.com (Global: 1,040^th place; English: 623^rd place)

foreignpolicy.com (Global: 1,116^th place; English: 790^th place)

freedomhouse.org (Global: 2,046^th place; English: 1,783^rd place)

ft.com (Global: 210^th place; English: 157^th place)

fu-berlin.de (Global: 3,329^th place; English: 4,598^th place)

ghostarchive.org (Global: 32^nd place; English: 21^st place)

gov.cn (Global: 1,676^th place; English: 4,796^th place)

handle.net (Global: 102^nd place; English: 76^th place)

hongkongfp.com (Global: 6,197^th place; English: 3,709^th place)

house.gov (Global: 529^th place; English: 314^th place)

hrw.org (Global: 729^th place; English: 650^th place)

independent.co.uk (Global: 36^th place; English: 33^rd place)

info.gov.hk (Global: 2,665^th place; English: 5,448^th place)

jamestown.org (Global: 2,677^th place; English: 1,908^th place)

observer.com (Global: 760^th place; English: 494^th place)

people.com.cn (Global: 351^st place; English: 1,081^st place)

qz.com (Global: 1,110^th place; English: 695^th place)

sagepub.com (Global: 731^st place; English: 638^th place)

scmp.com (Global: 362^nd place; English: 245^th place)

semanticscholar.org (Global: 11^th place; English: 8^th place)

sina.com.cn (Global: 144^th place; English: 497^th place)

sohu.com (Global: 343^rd place; English: 927^th place)

spectator.co.uk (Global: 1,811^th place; English: 1,036^th place)

ssrn.com (Global: 703^rd place; English: 501^st place)

sznews.com (Global: 8,365^th place; English: low place)

taiwannews.com.tw (Global: 3,205^th place; English: 2,266^th place)

technologyreview.com (Global: 1,943^rd place; English: 1,253^rd place)

telegraph.co.uk (Global: 30^th place; English: 24^th place)

thediplomat.com (Global: 1,382^nd place; English: 876^th place)

theguardian.com (Global: 12^th place; English: 11^th place)

themoscowtimes.com (Global: 1,388^th place; English: 972^nd place)

thepaper.cn (Global: 1,497^th place; English: 4,253^rd place)

time.com (Global: 61^st place; English: 54^th place)

vice.com (Global: 175^th place; English: 137^th place)

vox.com (Global: 484^th place; English: 323^rd place)

washingtonpost.com (Global: 34^th place; English: 27^th place)

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

wired.co.uk (Global: 2,053^rd place; English: 1,340^th place)

wired.com (Global: 193^rd place; English: 152^nd place)

worldbank.org (Global: 231^st place; English: 332^nd place)

worldcat.org (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

xinhuanet.com (Global: 309^th place; English: 660^th place)

ynet.com (Global: 3,448^th place; English: 5,925^th place)