Social War (91–87 BC) (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Social War (91–87 BC)" in English language version.

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Brunt 1971, p. 439. Brunt, Peter A (1971). Italian Manpower 225 BC–AD 14. Oxford: Clarendon Press. ISBN 0-19-814283-8.
Brunt 1971, p. 439 – "late sources suggest that Livy may have estimated that 50,000 were killed on each side" – citing Eutrop. 5.9. However, Brunt 1971, pp. 696–97 notes that many of the Social war and later Sullan civil war estimates may be exaggerations taken from Sulla's memoirs. Brunt, Peter A (1971). Italian Manpower 225 BC–AD 14. Oxford: Clarendon Press. ISBN 0-19-814283-8. Brunt, Peter A (1971). Italian Manpower 225 BC–AD 14. Oxford: Clarendon Press. ISBN 0-19-814283-8.

books.google.com

Dart 2016, p. 40; Flor., 2.18.1; Aur. Vict. De vir. ill., 75.5. Dart, Christopher J. (2016) [First published by Ashgate, 2014]. The Social War, 91 to 88 BCE: a history of the Italian insurgency against the Roman republic. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-4724-1676-6. Florus (1929). Epitome of Roman History. Loeb Classical Library. Translated by Forster, ES. Cambridge: Harvard University Press – via LacusCurtius.
Dart 2016, pp. 40–41. Dart, Christopher J. (2016) [First published by Ashgate, 2014]. The Social War, 91 to 88 BCE: a history of the Italian insurgency against the Roman republic. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-4724-1676-6.
Dart 2016, pp. 40–41, citing:
- bellum Marsicum Dart, Christopher J. (2016) [First published by Ashgate, 2014]. The Social War, 91 to 88 BCE: a history of the Italian insurgency against the Roman republic. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-4724-1676-6.
- Dart 2016, p. 149. Dart, Christopher J. (2016) [First published by Ashgate, 2014]. The Social War, 91 to 88 BCE: a history of the Italian insurgency against the Roman republic. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-4724-1676-6.
- Dart 2016, p. 128. Dart, Christopher J. (2016) [First published by Ashgate, 2014]. The Social War, 91 to 88 BCE: a history of the Italian insurgency against the Roman republic. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-4724-1676-6.
- Dart 2016, p. 122, citing App. BCiv., 1.39. Dart, Christopher J. (2016) [First published by Ashgate, 2014]. The Social War, 91 to 88 BCE: a history of the Italian insurgency against the Roman republic. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-4724-1676-6. Appian (1913) [2nd century AD]. Civil Wars. Loeb Classical Library. Translated by White, Horace. Cambridge: Harvard University Press – via LacusCurtius.
- Dart 2016, p. 121, citing Livy Per., 72, adding "for the consuls to have departed immediately, the muster must have begun in November/December 91 and the levy would have been truly enormous". Dart, Christopher J. (2016) [First published by Ashgate, 2014]. The Social War, 91 to 88 BCE: a history of the Italian insurgency against the Roman republic. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-4724-1676-6. Livy (2003). Periochae. Translated by Lendering, Jona – via Livius.org.
- Dart 2016, p. 122. Dart, Christopher J. (2016) [First published by Ashgate, 2014]. The Social War, 91 to 88 BCE: a history of the Italian insurgency against the Roman republic. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-4724-1676-6.
- Dart 2016, p. 126. Dart, Christopher J. (2016) [First published by Ashgate, 2014]. The Social War, 91 to 88 BCE: a history of the Italian insurgency against the Roman republic. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-4724-1676-6.
- Dart 2016, p. 129, citing App. BCiv., 1.42. Dart, Christopher J. (2016) [First published by Ashgate, 2014]. The Social War, 91 to 88 BCE: a history of the Italian insurgency against the Roman republic. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-4724-1676-6. Appian (1913) [2nd century AD]. Civil Wars. Loeb Classical Library. Translated by White, Horace. Cambridge: Harvard University Press – via LacusCurtius.
- Dart 2016, pp. 136, 152, citing Oros. 5.18.11. "Marius had urged the consul Rutilius to delay... because of undertrained recruits in their armies". Dart, Christopher J. (2016) [First published by Ashgate, 2014]. The Social War, 91 to 88 BCE: a history of the Italian insurgency against the Roman republic. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-4724-1676-6.
- Dart 2016, p. 137. Dart, Christopher J. (2016) [First published by Ashgate, 2014]. The Social War, 91 to 88 BCE: a history of the Italian insurgency against the Roman republic. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-4724-1676-6.
- Dart 2016, p. 136. Dart, Christopher J. (2016) [First published by Ashgate, 2014]. The Social War, 91 to 88 BCE: a history of the Italian insurgency against the Roman republic. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-4724-1676-6.
- Dart 2016, p. 152. Dart, Christopher J. (2016) [First published by Ashgate, 2014]. The Social War, 91 to 88 BCE: a history of the Italian insurgency against the Roman republic. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-4724-1676-6.
- Dart 2016, p. 153. Dart, Christopher J. (2016) [First published by Ashgate, 2014]. The Social War, 91 to 88 BCE: a history of the Italian insurgency against the Roman republic. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-4724-1676-6.
- The fleet was commanded by Aulus Postumius Albinus, who was killed by his own men either on false charges of treason (Val. Max., 9.8.3) or intolerable arrogance (Oros., 5.18.22). Dart 2016, p. 161. Dart, Christopher J. (2016) [First published by Ashgate, 2014]. The Social War, 91 to 88 BCE: a history of the Italian insurgency against the Roman republic. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-4724-1676-6.
- Dart 2016, p. 158. Dart, Christopher J. (2016) [First published by Ashgate, 2014]. The Social War, 91 to 88 BCE: a history of the Italian insurgency against the Roman republic. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-4724-1676-6.
- Dart 2016, p. 166. Dart, Christopher J. (2016) [First published by Ashgate, 2014]. The Social War, 91 to 88 BCE: a history of the Italian insurgency against the Roman republic. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-4724-1676-6.
- Dart 2016, p. 167. Dart, Christopher J. (2016) [First published by Ashgate, 2014]. The Social War, 91 to 88 BCE: a history of the Italian insurgency against the Roman republic. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-4724-1676-6.
- Dart 2016, p. 168. Dart, Christopher J. (2016) [First published by Ashgate, 2014]. The Social War, 91 to 88 BCE: a history of the Italian insurgency against the Roman republic. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-4724-1676-6.
- Dart 2016, p. 169; Mackay 2009, p. 131. Mackay calls him propraetor; Broughton 1952, p. 42 and Dart 2016, p. 169 instead title him "probably proconsul". Dart, Christopher J. (2016) [First published by Ashgate, 2014]. The Social War, 91 to 88 BCE: a history of the Italian insurgency against the Roman republic. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-4724-1676-6. Mackay, Christopher S (2009). The breakdown of the Roman republic. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-51819-2. Broughton, Thomas Robert Shannon (1952). The magistrates of the Roman republic. Vol. 2. New York: American Philological Association. Dart, Christopher J. (2016) [First published by Ashgate, 2014]. The Social War, 91 to 88 BCE: a history of the Italian insurgency against the Roman republic. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-4724-1676-6.
- Dart 2016, p. 169, citing App. BCiv., 1.53 and Livy Per., 76. Dart, Christopher J. (2016) [First published by Ashgate, 2014]. The Social War, 91 to 88 BCE: a history of the Italian insurgency against the Roman republic. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-4724-1676-6. Appian (1913) [2nd century AD]. Civil Wars. Loeb Classical Library. Translated by White, Horace. Cambridge: Harvard University Press – via LacusCurtius. Livy (2003). Periochae. Translated by Lendering, Jona – via Livius.org.
- Dart 2016, p. 170, 194–195, 199. Dart, Christopher J. (2016) [First published by Ashgate, 2014]. The Social War, 91 to 88 BCE: a history of the Italian insurgency against the Roman republic. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-4724-1676-6.
- Dart 2016, pp. 194, 199–200. Dart, Christopher J. (2016) [First published by Ashgate, 2014]. The Social War, 91 to 88 BCE: a history of the Italian insurgency against the Roman republic. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-4724-1676-6.
- Dart 2016, p. 40. Dart, Christopher J. (2016) [First published by Ashgate, 2014]. The Social War, 91 to 88 BCE: a history of the Italian insurgency against the Roman republic. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-4724-1676-6.
- Flower 2010, p. 92. Flower, Harriet (2010). Roman republics. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-14043-8. LCCN 2009004551.
- Flower 2010, p. 159, citing Keaveney, Arthur (2007). The army in the Roman revolution. London: Routledge. pp. 71–92. ISBN 978-0-415-39486-4. OCLC 73994209. Flower, Harriet (2010). Roman republics. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-14043-8. LCCN 2009004551.
- Flower 2010, p. 160. Flower, Harriet (2010). Roman republics. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-14043-8. LCCN 2009004551.
- Flower 2010, p. 91. Flower, Harriet (2010). Roman republics. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-14043-8. LCCN 2009004551.
- Flower 2010, p. 159. Flower, Harriet (2010). Roman republics. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-14043-8. LCCN 2009004551.
- Dart 2016, pp. 27–35, citing among others, Cic. Phil., 12.27; Vell. Pat., 2.15; Flor., 2.18.1; Plut. Mar., 32; and App. BCiv., 1.21. Dart, Christopher J. (2016) [First published by Ashgate, 2014]. The Social War, 91 to 88 BCE: a history of the Italian insurgency against the Roman republic. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-4724-1676-6. Velleius Paterculus (1924). Roman History. Loeb Classical Library. Translated by Shipley, Frederick W. Cambridge: Harvard University Press – via LacusCurtius. Florus (1929). Epitome of Roman History. Loeb Classical Library. Translated by Forster, ES. Cambridge: Harvard University Press – via LacusCurtius. Appian (1913) [2nd century AD]. Civil Wars. Loeb Classical Library. Translated by White, Horace. Cambridge: Harvard University Press – via LacusCurtius.
- Dart 2016, p. 23. Dart, Christopher J. (2016) [First published by Ashgate, 2014]. The Social War, 91 to 88 BCE: a history of the Italian insurgency against the Roman republic. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-4724-1676-6.
- Dart 2016, pp. 24–26; Steel 2013, p. 80. Dart, Christopher J. (2016) [First published by Ashgate, 2014]. The Social War, 91 to 88 BCE: a history of the Italian insurgency against the Roman republic. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-4724-1676-6. Steel, Catherine (2013). The end of the Roman republic, 146 to 44 BC: conquest and crisis. Edinburgh History of Ancient Rome. Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 978-0-7486-2902-2. OCLC 840473534.
- Dart 2016, p. 27. Dart, Christopher J. (2016) [First published by Ashgate, 2014]. The Social War, 91 to 88 BCE: a history of the Italian insurgency against the Roman republic. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-4724-1676-6.
- Dart 2016, p. 35. Dart, Christopher J. (2016) [First published by Ashgate, 2014]. The Social War, 91 to 88 BCE: a history of the Italian insurgency against the Roman republic. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-4724-1676-6.
- Dart 2016, p. 35; Mouritsen 1998, pp. 134–37; Ad Heren., 4.13. Dart, Christopher J. (2016) [First published by Ashgate, 2014]. The Social War, 91 to 88 BCE: a history of the Italian insurgency against the Roman republic. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-4724-1676-6. Mouritsen, Henrik (1998). Italian unification. BICS Supplement 70. London: Institute of Classical Studies. ISBN 0-9005-8781-4.
- Dart 2016, p. 37, citing Ovid. Am., 3.15.8–10; Mouritsen 1998, pp. 9–10 ("Ovid is likely to express a local tradition of the Social war as a glorious moment when the Italians had stood up to Rome and fought for their freedom"). Dart, Christopher J. (2016) [First published by Ashgate, 2014]. The Social War, 91 to 88 BCE: a history of the Italian insurgency against the Roman republic. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-4724-1676-6. Mouritsen, Henrik (1998). Italian unification. BICS Supplement 70. London: Institute of Classical Studies. ISBN 0-9005-8781-4.
- Dart 2016, p. 38, citing Strab., 5.4.2. Dart, Christopher J. (2016) [First published by Ashgate, 2014]. The Social War, 91 to 88 BCE: a history of the Italian insurgency against the Roman republic. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-4724-1676-6.
- Dart 2016, p. 39, citing Etur., 5.3.1. Dart, Christopher J. (2016) [First published by Ashgate, 2014]. The Social War, 91 to 88 BCE: a history of the Italian insurgency against the Roman republic. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-4724-1676-6.
- Dart 2016, p. 12. Dart, Christopher J. (2016) [First published by Ashgate, 2014]. The Social War, 91 to 88 BCE: a history of the Italian insurgency against the Roman republic. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-4724-1676-6.
- Dart 2016, pp. 12–13. Dart, Christopher J. (2016) [First published by Ashgate, 2014]. The Social War, 91 to 88 BCE: a history of the Italian insurgency against the Roman republic. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-4724-1676-6.
- Dart 2016, pp. 14–21. Dart, Christopher J. (2016) [First published by Ashgate, 2014]. The Social War, 91 to 88 BCE: a history of the Italian insurgency against the Roman republic. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-4724-1676-6.
- Dart 2016, pp. 19–20. Dart, Christopher J. (2016) [First published by Ashgate, 2014]. The Social War, 91 to 88 BCE: a history of the Italian insurgency against the Roman republic. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-4724-1676-6.
- Dart 2016, p. 20 n. 28. Dart, Christopher J. (2016) [First published by Ashgate, 2014]. The Social War, 91 to 88 BCE: a history of the Italian insurgency against the Roman republic. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-4724-1676-6.

brynmawr.edu

bmcr.brynmawr.edu

Raggi, Andrea (2014-09-13). "Review of "The struggle for Roman citizenship"". Bryn Mawr Classical Review. ISSN 1055-7660.
Bernard, Seth (2013-03-03). "Review of "Processes of integration and identity formation in the Roman republic"". Bryn Mawr Classical Review. ISSN 1055-7660.
Bernard, Seth (2013). "Review of "Processes of integration and identity formation in the Roman republic"". Bryn Mawr Classical Review. ISSN 1055-7660. Beginning with Henrik Mouritsen's reassessment of the Social War as a fight for Italian independence, not enfranchisement, historians have abandoned this teleology and begun to reflect instead upon the many decentralized and multilinear processes that ultimately reshaped Italy.

cambridge.org

Steel 2013, pp. 80 et seq, for example, presents an account largely based on Mouritsen. Smith, Christopher (1999). "Review of Mouritsen, Italian Unification". Journal of Roman Studies. 89: 227–227. doi:10.2307/300760. ISSN 1753-528X. This is now the best modern introduction to the Social war. Steel, Catherine (2013). The end of the Roman republic, 146 to 44 BC: conquest and crisis. Edinburgh History of Ancient Rome. Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 978-0-7486-2902-2. OCLC 840473534.

doi.org

dx.doi.org

Vishnia 2012, p. 32; Mackay 2009, p. 21. Vishnia, Rachel Feig (2012). Roman elections in the age of Cicero. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-136-47872-7. Mackay, Christopher S (2009). The breakdown of the Roman republic. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-51819-2.
Vishnia 2012, p. 38. Vishnia, Rachel Feig (2012). Roman elections in the age of Cicero. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-136-47872-7.
Vishnia 2012, p. 79. Vishnia, Rachel Feig (2012). Roman elections in the age of Cicero. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-136-47872-7.
Vishnia 2012, p. 38. "[Slow registration of Italians] was not a matter of concern for some Romans; they preferred to defer [their] registration... as much as possible, so as to minimise their impact on political life... registration of all Italian residents as Roman citizens was completed only under the reign of Augustus". Vishnia, Rachel Feig (2012). Roman elections in the age of Cicero. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-136-47872-7.
Vishnia 2012, p. 146. Vishnia, Rachel Feig (2012). Roman elections in the age of Cicero. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-136-47872-7.
Vishnia 2012, p. 147. Vishnia, Rachel Feig (2012). Roman elections in the age of Cicero. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-136-47872-7.
Vishnia 2012, pp. 147–48. Vishnia, Rachel Feig (2012). Roman elections in the age of Cicero. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-136-47872-7.

doi.org

Salmon, ET; Potter, TW. "Fregellae". In OCD⁴ (2012). Hornblower, Simon; et al., eds. (2012). The Oxford classical dictionary (4th ed.). Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-954556-8. OCLC 959667246.
- Steel 2013, pp. 80 et seq, for example, presents an account largely based on Mouritsen. Smith, Christopher (1999). "Review of Mouritsen, Italian Unification". Journal of Roman Studies. 89: 227–227. doi:10.2307/300760. ISSN 1753-528X. This is now the best modern introduction to the Social war. Steel, Catherine (2013). The end of the Roman republic, 146 to 44 BC: conquest and crisis. Edinburgh History of Ancient Rome. Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 978-0-7486-2902-2. OCLC 840473534.

jstor.org

Dart 2009, p. 223 n. 84. Dart, Christopher J. (2009). "The 'Italian constitution' in the Social war: a reassessment (91 to 88 BCE)". Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte. 58 (2): 215–224. JSTOR 25598463.
Dart 2009, p. 215. Dart, Christopher J. (2009). "The 'Italian constitution' in the Social war: a reassessment (91 to 88 BCE)". Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte. 58 (2): 215–224. JSTOR 25598463.
Dart 2009, p. 216. Dart, Christopher J. (2009). "The 'Italian constitution' in the Social war: a reassessment (91 to 88 BCE)". Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte. 58 (2): 215–224. JSTOR 25598463.
Dart 2009, p. 218; Mouritsen 1998, pp. 139 et seq. Dart, Christopher J. (2009). "The 'Italian constitution' in the Social war: a reassessment (91 to 88 BCE)". Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte. 58 (2): 215–224. JSTOR 25598463. Mouritsen, Henrik (1998). Italian unification. BICS Supplement 70. London: Institute of Classical Studies. ISBN 0-9005-8781-4.
Dart 2009, p. 220, quoting Flor., 1.18.6 sub suis quisque signis. Dart, Christopher J. (2009). "The 'Italian constitution' in the Social war: a reassessment (91 to 88 BCE)". Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte. 58 (2): 215–224. JSTOR 25598463. Florus (1929). Epitome of Roman History. Loeb Classical Library. Translated by Forster, ES. Cambridge: Harvard University Press – via LacusCurtius.
Dart 2009, p. 224. Dart, Christopher J. (2009). "The 'Italian constitution' in the Social war: a reassessment (91 to 88 BCE)". Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte. 58 (2): 215–224. JSTOR 25598463.
Badian, Ernst (1969). "Quaestiones Variae". Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte. 18 (4): 459. ISSN 0018-2311. Asconius' [Asc. 22C] facts must here be right: the lex Varia was passed after the outbreak of the Social War... Appian deliberately distorts and inverts this sequence.

livius.org

Dart 2016, p. 121, citing Livy Per., 72, adding "for the consuls to have departed immediately, the muster must have begun in November/December 91 and the levy would have been truly enormous". Dart, Christopher J. (2016) [First published by Ashgate, 2014]. The Social War, 91 to 88 BCE: a history of the Italian insurgency against the Roman republic. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-4724-1676-6. Livy (2003). Periochae. Translated by Lendering, Jona – via Livius.org.
Gabba 1994, p. 122; App. BCiv., 1.49; Livy Per., 74. Gabba, E. "Rome and Italy: the social war". In CAH² 9 (1994), pp. 104–128. Appian (1913) [2nd century AD]. Civil Wars. Loeb Classical Library. Translated by White, Horace. Cambridge: Harvard University Press – via LacusCurtius. Livy (2003). Periochae. Translated by Lendering, Jona – via Livius.org.
Dart 2016, p. 169, citing App. BCiv., 1.53 and Livy Per., 76. Dart, Christopher J. (2016) [First published by Ashgate, 2014]. The Social War, 91 to 88 BCE: a history of the Italian insurgency against the Roman republic. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-4724-1676-6. Appian (1913) [2nd century AD]. Civil Wars. Loeb Classical Library. Translated by White, Horace. Cambridge: Harvard University Press – via LacusCurtius. Livy (2003). Periochae. Translated by Lendering, Jona – via Livius.org.
Broughton 1952, p. 41, citing Asc., 64C; App. BCiv., 1.55–56; Livy Per., 77. Broughton, Thomas Robert Shannon (1952). The magistrates of the Roman republic. Vol. 2. New York: American Philological Association. Appian (1913) [2nd century AD]. Civil Wars. Loeb Classical Library. Translated by White, Horace. Cambridge: Harvard University Press – via LacusCurtius. Livy (2003). Periochae. Translated by Lendering, Jona – via Livius.org.

loc.gov

lccn.loc.gov

Millar, Fergus (1998). The crowd in Rome in the late republic. Jerome Lectures, 22. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. pp. 150–51. ISBN 0-472-10892-1. LCCN 97-50351.
Flower 2010, p. 92. Flower, Harriet (2010). Roman republics. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-14043-8. LCCN 2009004551.
Flower 2010, p. 159, citing Keaveney, Arthur (2007). The army in the Roman revolution. London: Routledge. pp. 71–92. ISBN 978-0-415-39486-4. OCLC 73994209. Flower, Harriet (2010). Roman republics. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-14043-8. LCCN 2009004551.
Flower 2010, p. 160. Flower, Harriet (2010). Roman republics. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-14043-8. LCCN 2009004551.
Flower 2010, p. 91. Flower, Harriet (2010). Roman republics. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-14043-8. LCCN 2009004551.
Flower 2010, p. 159. Flower, Harriet (2010). Roman republics. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-14043-8. LCCN 2009004551.

uchicago.edu

penelope.uchicago.edu

Dart 2016, p. 40; Flor., 2.18.1; Aur. Vict. De vir. ill., 75.5. Dart, Christopher J. (2016) [First published by Ashgate, 2014]. The Social War, 91 to 88 BCE: a history of the Italian insurgency against the Roman republic. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-4724-1676-6. Florus (1929). Epitome of Roman History. Loeb Classical Library. Translated by Forster, ES. Cambridge: Harvard University Press – via LacusCurtius.
Bispham 2016a, p. 79, quoting App. BCiv., 1.21.86–87 ("they [the Italian elite] preferred the citizenship to lands"). Appian (1913) [2nd century AD]. Civil Wars. Loeb Classical Library. Translated by White, Horace. Cambridge: Harvard University Press – via LacusCurtius.
Gabba 1994, pp. 113–14; App. BCiv., 1.38.1. Gabba, E. "Rome and Italy: the social war". In CAH² 9 (1994), pp. 104–128. Appian (1913) [2nd century AD]. Civil Wars. Loeb Classical Library. Translated by White, Horace. Cambridge: Harvard University Press – via LacusCurtius.
Bispham 2016a, p. 80, quoting, App. BCiv., 1.34.152. Appian (1913) [2nd century AD]. Civil Wars. Loeb Classical Library. Translated by White, Horace. Cambridge: Harvard University Press – via LacusCurtius.
Dart 2009, p. 220, quoting Flor., 1.18.6 sub suis quisque signis. Dart, Christopher J. (2009). "The 'Italian constitution' in the Social war: a reassessment (91 to 88 BCE)". Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte. 58 (2): 215–224. JSTOR 25598463. Florus (1929). Epitome of Roman History. Loeb Classical Library. Translated by Forster, ES. Cambridge: Harvard University Press – via LacusCurtius.
Mouritsen 1998, p. 129, citing Vell. Pat., 2.15.1 and Flor., 2.6.4. Mouritsen, Henrik (1998). Italian unification. BICS Supplement 70. London: Institute of Classical Studies. ISBN 0-9005-8781-4. Velleius Paterculus (1924). Roman History. Loeb Classical Library. Translated by Shipley, Frederick W. Cambridge: Harvard University Press – via LacusCurtius. Florus (1929). Epitome of Roman History. Loeb Classical Library. Translated by Forster, ES. Cambridge: Harvard University Press – via LacusCurtius.
Dart 2016, p. 122, citing App. BCiv., 1.39. Dart, Christopher J. (2016) [First published by Ashgate, 2014]. The Social War, 91 to 88 BCE: a history of the Italian insurgency against the Roman republic. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-4724-1676-6. Appian (1913) [2nd century AD]. Civil Wars. Loeb Classical Library. Translated by White, Horace. Cambridge: Harvard University Press – via LacusCurtius.
Dart 2016, p. 129, citing App. BCiv., 1.42. Dart, Christopher J. (2016) [First published by Ashgate, 2014]. The Social War, 91 to 88 BCE: a history of the Italian insurgency against the Roman republic. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-4724-1676-6. Appian (1913) [2nd century AD]. Civil Wars. Loeb Classical Library. Translated by White, Horace. Cambridge: Harvard University Press – via LacusCurtius.
Gabba 1994, p. 120; App. BCiv., 1.41. Gabba, E. "Rome and Italy: the social war". In CAH² 9 (1994), pp. 104–128. Appian (1913) [2nd century AD]. Civil Wars. Loeb Classical Library. Translated by White, Horace. Cambridge: Harvard University Press – via LacusCurtius.
Gabba 1994, pp. 120–21; App. BCiv., 1.47.1. Gabba, E. "Rome and Italy: the social war". In CAH² 9 (1994), pp. 104–128. Appian (1913) [2nd century AD]. Civil Wars. Loeb Classical Library. Translated by White, Horace. Cambridge: Harvard University Press – via LacusCurtius.
Gabba 1994, p. 121; App. BCiv., 1.42–45. Gabba, E. "Rome and Italy: the social war". In CAH² 9 (1994), pp. 104–128. Appian (1913) [2nd century AD]. Civil Wars. Loeb Classical Library. Translated by White, Horace. Cambridge: Harvard University Press – via LacusCurtius.
Gabba 1994, p. 121; App. BCiv., 1.44. The initial replacement was Quintus Servilius Caepio, who was probably praetor the previous year. Broughton 1952, p. 28. Gabba, E. "Rome and Italy: the social war". In CAH² 9 (1994), pp. 104–128. Appian (1913) [2nd century AD]. Civil Wars. Loeb Classical Library. Translated by White, Horace. Cambridge: Harvard University Press – via LacusCurtius. Broughton, Thomas Robert Shannon (1952). The magistrates of the Roman republic. Vol. 2. New York: American Philological Association.
Gabba 1994, p. 122. Cf Broughton 1952, p. 27, citing App. BCiv., 1.48, claiming Sextus died of illness at Asculum and Broughton 1952, p. 31 n. 11 noting that Appian's general confusion of Sextus and Lucius Caesar. Gabba, E. "Rome and Italy: the social war". In CAH² 9 (1994), pp. 104–128. Broughton, Thomas Robert Shannon (1952). The magistrates of the Roman republic. Vol. 2. New York: American Philological Association. Appian (1913) [2nd century AD]. Civil Wars. Loeb Classical Library. Translated by White, Horace. Cambridge: Harvard University Press – via LacusCurtius. Broughton, Thomas Robert Shannon (1952). The magistrates of the Roman republic. Vol. 2. New York: American Philological Association.
Gabba 1994, p. 122; App. BCiv., 1.49; Livy Per., 74. Gabba, E. "Rome and Italy: the social war". In CAH² 9 (1994), pp. 104–128. Appian (1913) [2nd century AD]. Civil Wars. Loeb Classical Library. Translated by White, Horace. Cambridge: Harvard University Press – via LacusCurtius. Livy (2003). Periochae. Translated by Lendering, Jona – via Livius.org.
Gabba 1994, p. 123; App. BCiv., 1.49. Gabba, E. "Rome and Italy: the social war". In CAH² 9 (1994), pp. 104–128. Appian (1913) [2nd century AD]. Civil Wars. Loeb Classical Library. Translated by White, Horace. Cambridge: Harvard University Press – via LacusCurtius.
Gabba 1994, p. 124, adding "we do not know why [Marius] was excluded from the command... his age should have been outweighed by his experience"; App. BCiv., 1.50. Gabba, E. "Rome and Italy: the social war". In CAH² 9 (1994), pp. 104–128. Appian (1913) [2nd century AD]. Civil Wars. Loeb Classical Library. Translated by White, Horace. Cambridge: Harvard University Press – via LacusCurtius.
Gabba 1994, pp. 124–25; App. BCiv., 1.50. Gabba notes also that Cicero served in Sulla's army during this campaign. Gabba, E. "Rome and Italy: the social war". In CAH² 9 (1994), pp. 104–128. Appian (1913) [2nd century AD]. Civil Wars. Loeb Classical Library. Translated by White, Horace. Cambridge: Harvard University Press – via LacusCurtius.
Gabba 1994, p. 125; App. BCiv., 1.50–52. Gabba, E. "Rome and Italy: the social war". In CAH² 9 (1994), pp. 104–128. Appian (1913) [2nd century AD]. Civil Wars. Loeb Classical Library. Translated by White, Horace. Cambridge: Harvard University Press – via LacusCurtius.
Dart 2016, p. 169, citing App. BCiv., 1.53 and Livy Per., 76. Dart, Christopher J. (2016) [First published by Ashgate, 2014]. The Social War, 91 to 88 BCE: a history of the Italian insurgency against the Roman republic. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-4724-1676-6. Appian (1913) [2nd century AD]. Civil Wars. Loeb Classical Library. Translated by White, Horace. Cambridge: Harvard University Press – via LacusCurtius. Livy (2003). Periochae. Translated by Lendering, Jona – via Livius.org.
Steel 2013, p. 85, citing App. BCiv., 1.49. Steel, Catherine (2013). The end of the Roman republic, 146 to 44 BC: conquest and crisis. Edinburgh History of Ancient Rome. Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 978-0-7486-2902-2. OCLC 840473534. Appian (1913) [2nd century AD]. Civil Wars. Loeb Classical Library. Translated by White, Horace. Cambridge: Harvard University Press – via LacusCurtius.
Steel 2013, p. 86 n. 25, citing App. BCiv., 1.49. Steel, Catherine (2013). The end of the Roman republic, 146 to 44 BC: conquest and crisis. Edinburgh History of Ancient Rome. Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 978-0-7486-2902-2. OCLC 840473534. Appian (1913) [2nd century AD]. Civil Wars. Loeb Classical Library. Translated by White, Horace. Cambridge: Harvard University Press – via LacusCurtius.
Broughton 1952, p. 41, citing Asc., 64C; App. BCiv., 1.55–56; Livy Per., 77. Broughton, Thomas Robert Shannon (1952). The magistrates of the Roman republic. Vol. 2. New York: American Philological Association. Appian (1913) [2nd century AD]. Civil Wars. Loeb Classical Library. Translated by White, Horace. Cambridge: Harvard University Press – via LacusCurtius. Livy (2003). Periochae. Translated by Lendering, Jona – via Livius.org.
Dart 2016, pp. 27–35, citing among others, Cic. Phil., 12.27; Vell. Pat., 2.15; Flor., 2.18.1; Plut. Mar., 32; and App. BCiv., 1.21. Dart, Christopher J. (2016) [First published by Ashgate, 2014]. The Social War, 91 to 88 BCE: a history of the Italian insurgency against the Roman republic. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-4724-1676-6. Velleius Paterculus (1924). Roman History. Loeb Classical Library. Translated by Shipley, Frederick W. Cambridge: Harvard University Press – via LacusCurtius. Florus (1929). Epitome of Roman History. Loeb Classical Library. Translated by Forster, ES. Cambridge: Harvard University Press – via LacusCurtius. Appian (1913) [2nd century AD]. Civil Wars. Loeb Classical Library. Translated by White, Horace. Cambridge: Harvard University Press – via LacusCurtius.

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Steel 2013, p. 40; Mouritsen 1998, p. 150. Steel, Catherine (2013). The end of the Roman republic, 146 to 44 BC: conquest and crisis. Edinburgh History of Ancient Rome. Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 978-0-7486-2902-2. OCLC 840473534. Mouritsen, Henrik (1998). Italian unification. BICS Supplement 70. London: Institute of Classical Studies. ISBN 0-9005-8781-4.
Indeed, Drusus and his associates were blamed for the start of the war during the confused operations of the quaestio Varia in the war's first year. Steel 2013, pp. 81–82. Steel, Catherine (2013). The end of the Roman republic, 146 to 44 BC: conquest and crisis. Edinburgh History of Ancient Rome. Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 978-0-7486-2902-2. OCLC 840473534.
Steel 2013, p. 41, noting also that the prospect of Drusus taking on the whole of Italy as clients would have motivated his assassination. Steel, Catherine (2013). The end of the Roman republic, 146 to 44 BC: conquest and crisis. Edinburgh History of Ancient Rome. Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 978-0-7486-2902-2. OCLC 840473534.
Steel 2013, p. 40 n. 117; Mouritsen 1998, pp. 150–51. Steel, Catherine (2013). The end of the Roman republic, 146 to 44 BC: conquest and crisis. Edinburgh History of Ancient Rome. Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 978-0-7486-2902-2. OCLC 840473534. Mouritsen, Henrik (1998). Italian unification. BICS Supplement 70. London: Institute of Classical Studies. ISBN 0-9005-8781-4.
Salmon, ET; Potter, TW. "Fregellae". In OCD⁴ (2012). Hornblower, Simon; et al., eds. (2012). The Oxford classical dictionary (4th ed.). Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-954556-8. OCLC 959667246.
- Badian, Ernst (1969). "Quaestiones Variae". Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte. 18 (4): 459. ISSN 0018-2311. Asconius' [Asc. 22C] facts must here be right: the lex Varia was passed after the outbreak of the Social War... Appian deliberately distorts and inverts this sequence.
- Steel 2013, p. 80. Steel, Catherine (2013). The end of the Roman republic, 146 to 44 BC: conquest and crisis. Edinburgh History of Ancient Rome. Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 978-0-7486-2902-2. OCLC 840473534.
- Steel 2013, p. 87. Steel, Catherine (2013). The end of the Roman republic, 146 to 44 BC: conquest and crisis. Edinburgh History of Ancient Rome. Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 978-0-7486-2902-2. OCLC 840473534.
- Steel 2013, p. 85, citing App. BCiv., 1.49. Steel, Catherine (2013). The end of the Roman republic, 146 to 44 BC: conquest and crisis. Edinburgh History of Ancient Rome. Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 978-0-7486-2902-2. OCLC 840473534. Appian (1913) [2nd century AD]. Civil Wars. Loeb Classical Library. Translated by White, Horace. Cambridge: Harvard University Press – via LacusCurtius.
- Steel 2013, p. 86 n. 25, citing App. BCiv., 1.49. Steel, Catherine (2013). The end of the Roman republic, 146 to 44 BC: conquest and crisis. Edinburgh History of Ancient Rome. Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 978-0-7486-2902-2. OCLC 840473534. Appian (1913) [2nd century AD]. Civil Wars. Loeb Classical Library. Translated by White, Horace. Cambridge: Harvard University Press – via LacusCurtius.
- Mouritsen 2017, p. 129. Mouritsen, Henrik (2017). Politics in the Roman republic. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-139-41086-1. OCLC 981917178.
- Mouritsen 2017, p. 171. Mouritsen, Henrik (2017). Politics in the Roman republic. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-139-41086-1. OCLC 981917178.
- Flower 2010, p. 159, citing Keaveney, Arthur (2007). The army in the Roman revolution. London: Routledge. pp. 71–92. ISBN 978-0-415-39486-4. OCLC 73994209. Flower, Harriet (2010). Roman republics. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-14043-8. LCCN 2009004551.
- Beard, Mary (2015). SPQR: a history of ancient Rome. p. 244. ISBN 978-1-84765-441-0. OCLC 1100981198. What was eroded... was the fundamental distinction between Romans and foreign enemies... older certainties were so radically overturned that soldiers deserting one Roman commander could apparently see both Sulla and [Mithridates] as plausible options for their new allegiance.
- Raggi, Andrea (2014-09-13). "Review of "The struggle for Roman citizenship"". Bryn Mawr Classical Review. ISSN 1055-7660.
- Bernard, Seth (2013-03-03). "Review of "Processes of integration and identity formation in the Roman republic"". Bryn Mawr Classical Review. ISSN 1055-7660.
- Dart 2016, pp. 24–26; Steel 2013, p. 80. Dart, Christopher J. (2016) [First published by Ashgate, 2014]. The Social War, 91 to 88 BCE: a history of the Italian insurgency against the Roman republic. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-4724-1676-6. Steel, Catherine (2013). The end of the Roman republic, 146 to 44 BC: conquest and crisis. Edinburgh History of Ancient Rome. Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 978-0-7486-2902-2. OCLC 840473534.
- Bernard, Seth (2013). "Review of "Processes of integration and identity formation in the Roman republic"". Bryn Mawr Classical Review. ISSN 1055-7660. Beginning with Henrik Mouritsen's reassessment of the Social War as a fight for Italian independence, not enfranchisement, historians have abandoned this teleology and begun to reflect instead upon the many decentralized and multilinear processes that ultimately reshaped Italy.
- Steel 2013, pp. 80 et seq, for example, presents an account largely based on Mouritsen. Smith, Christopher (1999). "Review of Mouritsen, Italian Unification". Journal of Roman Studies. 89: 227–227. doi:10.2307/300760. ISSN 1753-528X. This is now the best modern introduction to the Social war. Steel, Catherine (2013). The end of the Roman republic, 146 to 44 BC: conquest and crisis. Edinburgh History of Ancient Rome. Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 978-0-7486-2902-2. OCLC 840473534.
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- Steel 2013, p. 40; Mouritsen 1998, p. 150. Steel, Catherine (2013). The end of the Roman republic, 146 to 44 BC: conquest and crisis. Edinburgh History of Ancient Rome. Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 978-0-7486-2902-2. OCLC 840473534. Mouritsen, Henrik (1998). Italian unification. BICS Supplement 70. London: Institute of Classical Studies. ISBN 0-9005-8781-4.
- Indeed, Drusus and his associates were blamed for the start of the war during the confused operations of the quaestio Varia in the war's first year. Steel 2013, pp. 81–82. Steel, Catherine (2013). The end of the Roman republic, 146 to 44 BC: conquest and crisis. Edinburgh History of Ancient Rome. Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 978-0-7486-2902-2. OCLC 840473534.
- Steel 2013, p. 41, noting also that the prospect of Drusus taking on the whole of Italy as clients would have motivated his assassination. Steel, Catherine (2013). The end of the Roman republic, 146 to 44 BC: conquest and crisis. Edinburgh History of Ancient Rome. Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 978-0-7486-2902-2. OCLC 840473534.
- Steel 2013, p. 40 n. 117; Mouritsen 1998, pp. 150–51. Steel, Catherine (2013). The end of the Roman republic, 146 to 44 BC: conquest and crisis. Edinburgh History of Ancient Rome. Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 978-0-7486-2902-2. OCLC 840473534. Mouritsen, Henrik (1998). Italian unification. BICS Supplement 70. London: Institute of Classical Studies. ISBN 0-9005-8781-4.
- Steel 2013, p. 80. Steel, Catherine (2013). The end of the Roman republic, 146 to 44 BC: conquest and crisis. Edinburgh History of Ancient Rome. Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 978-0-7486-2902-2. OCLC 840473534.
- Steel 2013, p. 87. Steel, Catherine (2013). The end of the Roman republic, 146 to 44 BC: conquest and crisis. Edinburgh History of Ancient Rome. Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 978-0-7486-2902-2. OCLC 840473534.
- Steel 2013, p. 85, citing App. BCiv., 1.49. Steel, Catherine (2013). The end of the Roman republic, 146 to 44 BC: conquest and crisis. Edinburgh History of Ancient Rome. Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 978-0-7486-2902-2. OCLC 840473534. Appian (1913) [2nd century AD]. Civil Wars. Loeb Classical Library. Translated by White, Horace. Cambridge: Harvard University Press – via LacusCurtius.
- Steel 2013, p. 86 n. 25, citing App. BCiv., 1.49. Steel, Catherine (2013). The end of the Roman republic, 146 to 44 BC: conquest and crisis. Edinburgh History of Ancient Rome. Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 978-0-7486-2902-2. OCLC 840473534. Appian (1913) [2nd century AD]. Civil Wars. Loeb Classical Library. Translated by White, Horace. Cambridge: Harvard University Press – via LacusCurtius.
- Dart 2016, pp. 24–26; Steel 2013, p. 80. Dart, Christopher J. (2016) [First published by Ashgate, 2014]. The Social War, 91 to 88 BCE: a history of the Italian insurgency against the Roman republic. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-4724-1676-6. Steel, Catherine (2013). The end of the Roman republic, 146 to 44 BC: conquest and crisis. Edinburgh History of Ancient Rome. Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 978-0-7486-2902-2. OCLC 840473534.
- Steel 2013, pp. 80 et seq, for example, presents an account largely based on Mouritsen. Smith, Christopher (1999). "Review of Mouritsen, Italian Unification". Journal of Roman Studies. 89: 227–227. doi:10.2307/300760. ISSN 1753-528X. This is now the best modern introduction to the Social war. Steel, Catherine (2013). The end of the Roman republic, 146 to 44 BC: conquest and crisis. Edinburgh History of Ancient Rome. Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 978-0-7486-2902-2. OCLC 840473534.