Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Solar panel" in English language version.
Smart PV modules contain integrated power electronics, enabling features such as module-level maximum power point tracking (MPPT), real-time monitoring and fault detection, and enhanced fire safety through rapid shutdown capabilities.
Mounting structures typically consist of low-cost steel components that provide mechanical support and can be configured as fixed-tilt or tracking systems, depending on application.
Some special solar PV modules include concentrators in which light is focused by lenses or mirrors onto smaller cells.
These efficiencies have been verified by independent and internationally recognized testing laboratories such as NREL, AIST, JRC-ESTI, and Fraunhofer ISE.
A new solar cell configuration developed by engineers at the University of New South Wales has pushed sunlight-to-electricity conversion efficiency to 34.5% -- establishing a new world record for unfocused sunlight and nudging closer to the theoretical limits for such a device.
