Southern American English (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Southern American English" in English language version.

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ahdictionary.com

"Buggy". The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, Fifth Edition. 2017. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company.
"Carry". The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, Fifth Edition. 2017. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company.
"Cut". The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, Fifth Edition. 2017. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company.
"Right". The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, Fifth Edition. 2017. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company.
"Reckon". The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, Fifth Edition. 2017. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company.
"Ugly". The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, Fifth Edition. 2017. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company.
"Varmint". The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, Fifth Edition. 2017. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company.

aip.org

pubs.aip.org

Carmichael, Katie (January 2020). "The Rise of Canadian Raising of /au/ in New Orleans English". The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 147 (1): 554. Bibcode:2020ASAJ..147..554C. doi:10.1121/10.0000553. hdl:10919/113171. PMID 32006992. Retrieved 2023-04-26.

archive.org

Alvarez, Louis (director) (1985). Yeah You Rite! (Short documentary film). USA: Center for New American Media.

bartleby.com

"banquette". The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language: Fourth Edition. 2000. Archived from the original on 2008-04-20. Retrieved 2008-09-15.

books.google.com

Wolfram, Walt; Schilling-Estes, Natalie (2015). American English: Dialects and Variation. Malden: Blackwell Publishing. pp. 48, 380.
Wolfram, Walt; Reaser, Jeffrey (2014). Talkin' Tar Heel: How Our Voices Tell the Story of North Carolina. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press. pp. 94-95.
Wolfram, Walt; Schilling-Estes, Natalie (2015). American English: Dialects and Variation. Malden: Blackwell Publishing. p. 379.
Algeo, John (ed.) (2001). The Cambridge History of the English Language, Volume 3; Volume 6. Cambridge University Press. pp. 275-277.

degruyter.com

Thomas, Erik R. (2008). "Rural Southern white accents". The Americas and the Caribbean. p. 285. doi:10.1515/9783110208405.1.87. ISBN 978-3-11-019636-8.

dictionary.com

"Southern". Dictionary.com. Dictionary.com, based on Random House, Inc. 2014[See definition 7.]{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link)
Dictionary.com. Dictionary.com Unabridged, based on the Random House Dictionary. Random House, Inc. 2017.

doi.org

Clopper & Pisoni (2006), p. ?. Clopper, Cynthia G; Pisoni, David B (2006). "The Nationwide Speech Project: A new corpus of American English dialects". Speech Communication. 48 (6): 633–644. doi:10.1016/j.specom.2005.09.010. PMC 3060775. PMID 21423815.
Thomas (2007), p. 3. Thomas, Erik R. (2007), "Phonological and phonetic characteristics of African American Vernacular English", Language and Linguistics Compass, 1 (5): 450–475, doi:10.1111/j.1749-818X.2007.00029.x
Thomas (2007), p. 453. Thomas, Erik R. (2007), "Phonological and phonetic characteristics of African American Vernacular English", Language and Linguistics Compass, 1 (5): 450–475, doi:10.1111/j.1749-818X.2007.00029.x
Thomas, Erik R. (2008). "Rural Southern white accents". The Americas and the Caribbean. p. 285. doi:10.1515/9783110208405.1.87. ISBN 978-3-11-019636-8.
Carmichael, Katie (January 2020). "The Rise of Canadian Raising of /au/ in New Orleans English". The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 147 (1): 554. Bibcode:2020ASAJ..147..554C. doi:10.1121/10.0000553. hdl:10919/113171. PMID 32006992. Retrieved 2023-04-26.
Bailey, Guy; and Tillery, Jan. "The Persistence of Southern American English." Journal of English Linguistics, 24.4 (1996): 308-321. doi:10.1177/007542429602400406.
Hazen, Kirk (2022). "English in the U.S. South". Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Linguistics. doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199384655.013.925. ISBN 978-0-19-938465-5.
Katherine D. Kinzler & Jasmine M. DeJesus (2012): Northern = smart and Southern = nice: The development of accent attitudes in the United States, The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, doi:10.1080/17470218.2012.731695.

ed.ac.uk

lel.ed.ac.uk

Heggarty, Paul; et al., eds. (2013). "Accents of English from Around the World". University of Edinburgh.

handle.net

hdl.handle.net

Carmichael, Katie (January 2020). "The Rise of Canadian Raising of /au/ in New Orleans English". The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 147 (1): 554. Bibcode:2020ASAJ..147..554C. doi:10.1121/10.0000553. hdl:10919/113171. PMID 32006992. Retrieved 2023-04-26.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Carmichael, Katie (January 2020). "The Rise of Canadian Raising of /au/ in New Orleans English". The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 147 (1): 554. Bibcode:2020ASAJ..147..554C. doi:10.1121/10.0000553. hdl:10919/113171. PMID 32006992. Retrieved 2023-04-26.

hrmorning.com

Schappel, Christian (August 2014). "Employer to Southern workers: You sound dumb and we can fix that". HR Morning. Archived from the original on October 1, 2020.

jstor.org

Ching, Marvin K. L. "How Fixed Is Fixin' to?" American Speech, 62.4 (1987): 332-345, JSTOR 455409.
Berrey, Lester V. (1940). "Southern Mountain Dialect". American Speech, vol. 15, no. 1. p. 47.

merriam-webster.com

"Southern". Merriam-Webster. Merriam-Webster, Inc. 2014[See under the "noun" heading.]{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link)
"Definition of TUMP". www.merriam-webster.com. Retrieved 2021-03-16.

mouton-content.com

atlas.mouton-content.com

Labov, Ash & Boberg (2006), pp. 126, 131. Labov, William; Ash, Sharon; Boberg, Charles (2006), The Atlas of North American English, Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, ISBN 978-3-11-016746-7, archived from the original on July 21, 2019
Labov, Ash & Boberg (2006), p. 241. Labov, William; Ash, Sharon; Boberg, Charles (2006), The Atlas of North American English, Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, ISBN 978-3-11-016746-7, archived from the original on July 21, 2019
Labov, Ash & Boberg (2006), p. 131. Labov, William; Ash, Sharon; Boberg, Charles (2006), The Atlas of North American English, Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, ISBN 978-3-11-016746-7, archived from the original on July 21, 2019
Labov, Ash & Boberg (2006), pp. 126, 131, 150. Labov, William; Ash, Sharon; Boberg, Charles (2006), The Atlas of North American English, Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, ISBN 978-3-11-016746-7, archived from the original on July 21, 2019
Labov, Ash & Boberg (2006), pp. 137, 139. Labov, William; Ash, Sharon; Boberg, Charles (2006), The Atlas of North American English, Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, ISBN 978-3-11-016746-7, archived from the original on July 21, 2019
Labov, Ash & Boberg (2006), pp. 268. Labov, William; Ash, Sharon; Boberg, Charles (2006), The Atlas of North American English, Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, ISBN 978-3-11-016746-7, archived from the original on July 21, 2019
Labov, Ash & Boberg (2006), pp. 131, 135. Labov, William; Ash, Sharon; Boberg, Charles (2006), The Atlas of North American English, Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, ISBN 978-3-11-016746-7, archived from the original on July 21, 2019
Labov, Ash & Boberg (2006), p. 244. Labov, William; Ash, Sharon; Boberg, Charles (2006), The Atlas of North American English, Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, ISBN 978-3-11-016746-7, archived from the original on July 21, 2019
Labov, Ash & Boberg (2006), p. 245. Labov, William; Ash, Sharon; Boberg, Charles (2006), The Atlas of North American English, Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, ISBN 978-3-11-016746-7, archived from the original on July 21, 2019
Labov, Ash & Boberg (2006), p. 121. Labov, William; Ash, Sharon; Boberg, Charles (2006), The Atlas of North American English, Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, ISBN 978-3-11-016746-7, archived from the original on July 21, 2019
Labov, Ash & Boberg (2006), p. 248. Labov, William; Ash, Sharon; Boberg, Charles (2006), The Atlas of North American English, Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, ISBN 978-3-11-016746-7, archived from the original on July 21, 2019
Labov, Ash & Boberg (2006), p. 137. Labov, William; Ash, Sharon; Boberg, Charles (2006), The Atlas of North American English, Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, ISBN 978-3-11-016746-7, archived from the original on July 21, 2019
Labov, Ash & Boberg (2006), p. 61. Labov, William; Ash, Sharon; Boberg, Charles (2006), The Atlas of North American English, Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, ISBN 978-3-11-016746-7, archived from the original on July 21, 2019
Labov, Ash & Boberg (2006), p. 50. Labov, William; Ash, Sharon; Boberg, Charles (2006), The Atlas of North American English, Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, ISBN 978-3-11-016746-7, archived from the original on July 21, 2019
Labov, Ash & Boberg (2006), pp. 69–73. Labov, William; Ash, Sharon; Boberg, Charles (2006), The Atlas of North American English, Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, ISBN 978-3-11-016746-7, archived from the original on July 21, 2019
Labov, Ash & Boberg (2006), p. 105. Labov, William; Ash, Sharon; Boberg, Charles (2006), The Atlas of North American English, Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, ISBN 978-3-11-016746-7, archived from the original on July 21, 2019
Labov, Ash & Boberg (2006), p. 254. Labov, William; Ash, Sharon; Boberg, Charles (2006), The Atlas of North American English, Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, ISBN 978-3-11-016746-7, archived from the original on July 21, 2019
Labov, Ash & Boberg (2006), p. 52. Labov, William; Ash, Sharon; Boberg, Charles (2006), The Atlas of North American English, Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, ISBN 978-3-11-016746-7, archived from the original on July 21, 2019
Labov, Ash & Boberg (2006), pp. 148, 150. Labov, William; Ash, Sharon; Boberg, Charles (2006), The Atlas of North American English, Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, ISBN 978-3-11-016746-7, archived from the original on July 21, 2019
Labov, Ash & Boberg (2006), p. 69. Labov, William; Ash, Sharon; Boberg, Charles (2006), The Atlas of North American English, Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, ISBN 978-3-11-016746-7, archived from the original on July 21, 2019
Labov, Ash & Boberg (2006), pp. 260–1. Labov, William; Ash, Sharon; Boberg, Charles (2006), The Atlas of North American English, Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, ISBN 978-3-11-016746-7, archived from the original on July 21, 2019
Labov, Ash & Boberg (2006), p. 181. Labov, William; Ash, Sharon; Boberg, Charles (2006), The Atlas of North American English, Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, ISBN 978-3-11-016746-7, archived from the original on July 21, 2019
Labov, Ash & Boberg (2006), p. 304. Labov, William; Ash, Sharon; Boberg, Charles (2006), The Atlas of North American English, Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, ISBN 978-3-11-016746-7, archived from the original on July 21, 2019
Labov, Ash & Boberg (2006), p. 135. Labov, William; Ash, Sharon; Boberg, Charles (2006), The Atlas of North American English, Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, ISBN 978-3-11-016746-7, archived from the original on July 21, 2019
Labov, Ash & Boberg (2006), pp. 259–260. Labov, William; Ash, Sharon; Boberg, Charles (2006), The Atlas of North American English, Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, ISBN 978-3-11-016746-7, archived from the original on July 21, 2019
Labov, Ash & Boberg (2006), pp. 259–261. Labov, William; Ash, Sharon; Boberg, Charles (2006), The Atlas of North American English, Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, ISBN 978-3-11-016746-7, archived from the original on July 21, 2019
Labov, Ash & Boberg (2006), p. 68. Labov, William; Ash, Sharon; Boberg, Charles (2006), The Atlas of North American English, Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, ISBN 978-3-11-016746-7, archived from the original on July 21, 2019
Labov, Ash & Boberg (2006), p. 48. Labov, William; Ash, Sharon; Boberg, Charles (2006), The Atlas of North American English, Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, ISBN 978-3-11-016746-7, archived from the original on July 21, 2019

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Clopper & Pisoni (2006), p. ?. Clopper, Cynthia G; Pisoni, David B (2006). "The Nationwide Speech Project: A new corpus of American English dialects". Speech Communication. 48 (6): 633–644. doi:10.1016/j.specom.2005.09.010. PMC 3060775. PMID 21423815.
Carmichael, Katie (January 2020). "The Rise of Canadian Raising of /au/ in New Orleans English". The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 147 (1): 554. Bibcode:2020ASAJ..147..554C. doi:10.1121/10.0000553. hdl:10919/113171. PMID 32006992. Retrieved 2023-04-26.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Clopper & Pisoni (2006), p. ?. Clopper, Cynthia G; Pisoni, David B (2006). "The Nationwide Speech Project: A new corpus of American English dialects". Speech Communication. 48 (6): 633–644. doi:10.1016/j.specom.2005.09.010. PMC 3060775. PMID 21423815.

odlt.org

"Existential it." Online Dictionary of Language Terminology. 4 Oct 2012

oxfordre.com

Hazen, Kirk (2022). "English in the U.S. South". Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Linguistics. doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199384655.013.925. ISBN 978-0-19-938465-5.

pbs.org

"Do You Speak American: What Lies Ahead". PBS. Archived from the original on 2007-07-03. Retrieved 2007-08-15.
American Varieties: Texan English. Public Broadcasting Service. MacNeil/Lehrer Productions. 2005.
Fought, John G. (2005). "American Varieties: R-ful Southern". Do You Speak American? MacNeil/Lehrer Productions.

redlog.net

dialect.redlog.net

Vaux, Bert and Scott Golder. 2003. The Harvard Dialect Survey. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Linguistics Department.

thefreedictionary.com

Regional Note from The Free Dictionary

unm.edu

digitalrepository.unm.edu

Hayes (2013), p. 63. Hayes, Dean (2013). The Southern Accent and 'Bad English': A Comparative Perceptual Study of the Conceptual Network between Southern Linguistic Features and Identity (Thesis).
Hayes (2013), p. vi. Hayes, Dean (2013). The Southern Accent and 'Bad English': A Comparative Perceptual Study of the Conceptual Network between Southern Linguistic Features and Identity (Thesis).
Hayes (2013), p. 51. Hayes, Dean (2013). The Southern Accent and 'Bad English': A Comparative Perceptual Study of the Conceptual Network between Southern Linguistic Features and Identity (Thesis).
Hayes (2013), p. 39. Hayes, Dean (2013). The Southern Accent and 'Bad English': A Comparative Perceptual Study of the Conceptual Network between Southern Linguistic Features and Identity (Thesis).

upenn.edu

ling.upenn.edu

"Map". ling.upenn.edu. Archived from the original on August 30, 2012.

repository.upenn.edu

Dodsworth, Robin (2013) "Retreat from the Southern Vowel Shift in Raleigh, NC: Social Factors", University of Pennsylvania Working Papers in Linguistics: Vol. 19: Iss. 2, Article 5.

uwm.edu

www4.uwm.edu

"Dialect Survey Results". www4.uwm.edu. Archived from the original on October 9, 2007.

web.archive.org

Labov, Ash & Boberg (2006), pp. 126, 131. Labov, William; Ash, Sharon; Boberg, Charles (2006), The Atlas of North American English, Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, ISBN 978-3-11-016746-7, archived from the original on July 21, 2019
"Do You Speak American: What Lies Ahead". PBS. Archived from the original on 2007-07-03. Retrieved 2007-08-15.
Labov, Ash & Boberg (2006), p. 241. Labov, William; Ash, Sharon; Boberg, Charles (2006), The Atlas of North American English, Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, ISBN 978-3-11-016746-7, archived from the original on July 21, 2019
Labov, Ash & Boberg (2006), p. 131. Labov, William; Ash, Sharon; Boberg, Charles (2006), The Atlas of North American English, Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, ISBN 978-3-11-016746-7, archived from the original on July 21, 2019
"Map". ling.upenn.edu. Archived from the original on August 30, 2012.
Labov, Ash & Boberg (2006), pp. 126, 131, 150. Labov, William; Ash, Sharon; Boberg, Charles (2006), The Atlas of North American English, Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, ISBN 978-3-11-016746-7, archived from the original on July 21, 2019
Labov, Ash & Boberg (2006), pp. 137, 139. Labov, William; Ash, Sharon; Boberg, Charles (2006), The Atlas of North American English, Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, ISBN 978-3-11-016746-7, archived from the original on July 21, 2019
Labov, Ash & Boberg (2006), pp. 268. Labov, William; Ash, Sharon; Boberg, Charles (2006), The Atlas of North American English, Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, ISBN 978-3-11-016746-7, archived from the original on July 21, 2019
Labov, Ash & Boberg (2006), pp. 131, 135. Labov, William; Ash, Sharon; Boberg, Charles (2006), The Atlas of North American English, Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, ISBN 978-3-11-016746-7, archived from the original on July 21, 2019
Labov, Ash & Boberg (2006), p. 244. Labov, William; Ash, Sharon; Boberg, Charles (2006), The Atlas of North American English, Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, ISBN 978-3-11-016746-7, archived from the original on July 21, 2019
Labov, Ash & Boberg (2006), p. 245. Labov, William; Ash, Sharon; Boberg, Charles (2006), The Atlas of North American English, Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, ISBN 978-3-11-016746-7, archived from the original on July 21, 2019
Labov, Ash & Boberg (2006), p. 121. Labov, William; Ash, Sharon; Boberg, Charles (2006), The Atlas of North American English, Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, ISBN 978-3-11-016746-7, archived from the original on July 21, 2019
Labov, Ash & Boberg (2006), p. 248. Labov, William; Ash, Sharon; Boberg, Charles (2006), The Atlas of North American English, Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, ISBN 978-3-11-016746-7, archived from the original on July 21, 2019
Labov, Ash & Boberg (2006), p. 137. Labov, William; Ash, Sharon; Boberg, Charles (2006), The Atlas of North American English, Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, ISBN 978-3-11-016746-7, archived from the original on July 21, 2019
Labov, Ash & Boberg (2006), p. 61. Labov, William; Ash, Sharon; Boberg, Charles (2006), The Atlas of North American English, Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, ISBN 978-3-11-016746-7, archived from the original on July 21, 2019
Labov, Ash & Boberg (2006), p. 50. Labov, William; Ash, Sharon; Boberg, Charles (2006), The Atlas of North American English, Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, ISBN 978-3-11-016746-7, archived from the original on July 21, 2019
Labov, Ash & Boberg (2006), pp. 69–73. Labov, William; Ash, Sharon; Boberg, Charles (2006), The Atlas of North American English, Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, ISBN 978-3-11-016746-7, archived from the original on July 21, 2019
Labov, Ash & Boberg (2006), p. 105. Labov, William; Ash, Sharon; Boberg, Charles (2006), The Atlas of North American English, Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, ISBN 978-3-11-016746-7, archived from the original on July 21, 2019
Labov, Ash & Boberg (2006), p. 254. Labov, William; Ash, Sharon; Boberg, Charles (2006), The Atlas of North American English, Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, ISBN 978-3-11-016746-7, archived from the original on July 21, 2019
Labov, Ash & Boberg (2006), p. 52. Labov, William; Ash, Sharon; Boberg, Charles (2006), The Atlas of North American English, Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, ISBN 978-3-11-016746-7, archived from the original on July 21, 2019
Labov, Ash & Boberg (2006), pp. 148, 150. Labov, William; Ash, Sharon; Boberg, Charles (2006), The Atlas of North American English, Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, ISBN 978-3-11-016746-7, archived from the original on July 21, 2019
Labov, Ash & Boberg (2006), p. 69. Labov, William; Ash, Sharon; Boberg, Charles (2006), The Atlas of North American English, Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, ISBN 978-3-11-016746-7, archived from the original on July 21, 2019
Labov, Ash & Boberg (2006), pp. 260–1. Labov, William; Ash, Sharon; Boberg, Charles (2006), The Atlas of North American English, Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, ISBN 978-3-11-016746-7, archived from the original on July 21, 2019
Labov, Ash & Boberg (2006), p. 181. Labov, William; Ash, Sharon; Boberg, Charles (2006), The Atlas of North American English, Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, ISBN 978-3-11-016746-7, archived from the original on July 21, 2019
Labov, Ash & Boberg (2006), p. 304. Labov, William; Ash, Sharon; Boberg, Charles (2006), The Atlas of North American English, Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, ISBN 978-3-11-016746-7, archived from the original on July 21, 2019
Labov, Ash & Boberg (2006), p. 135. Labov, William; Ash, Sharon; Boberg, Charles (2006), The Atlas of North American English, Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, ISBN 978-3-11-016746-7, archived from the original on July 21, 2019
Labov, Ash & Boberg (2006), pp. 259–260. Labov, William; Ash, Sharon; Boberg, Charles (2006), The Atlas of North American English, Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, ISBN 978-3-11-016746-7, archived from the original on July 21, 2019
Labov, Ash & Boberg (2006), pp. 259–261. Labov, William; Ash, Sharon; Boberg, Charles (2006), The Atlas of North American English, Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, ISBN 978-3-11-016746-7, archived from the original on July 21, 2019
Labov, Ash & Boberg (2006), p. 68. Labov, William; Ash, Sharon; Boberg, Charles (2006), The Atlas of North American English, Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, ISBN 978-3-11-016746-7, archived from the original on July 21, 2019
Labov, Ash & Boberg (2006), p. 48. Labov, William; Ash, Sharon; Boberg, Charles (2006), The Atlas of North American English, Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, ISBN 978-3-11-016746-7, archived from the original on July 21, 2019
"Liketa | Yale Grammatical Diversity Project: English in North America". Yale Grammatical Diversity Project (ygdp.yale.edu). Yale University. 2018. Archived from the original on April 4, 2023.
"Dialect Survey Results". www4.uwm.edu. Archived from the original on October 9, 2007.
"banquette". The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language: Fourth Edition. 2000. Archived from the original on 2008-04-20. Retrieved 2008-09-15.
Schappel, Christian (August 2014). "Employer to Southern workers: You sound dumb and we can fix that". HR Morning. Archived from the original on October 1, 2020.

yale.edu

ygdp.yale.edu

"Liketa | Yale Grammatical Diversity Project: English in North America". Yale Grammatical Diversity Project (ygdp.yale.edu). Yale University. 2018. Archived from the original on April 4, 2023.