Charrassin, J. B.; Roquet, F.; Park, Y. H.; Bailleul, F.; Guinet, C.; Meredith, M.; Nicholls, K.; Thorpe, S.; Tremblay, Y.; Costa, D.; Göbel, Miriam (2010). "New insights into Southern Ocean physical and biological processes revealed by instrumented elephant seals". Proceedings of OceanObs 09: Sustained Ocean Observations and Information for Society (Vol. 2), Venice, Italy, 21–25 September 2009, Hall, J., Harrison D.E. & Stammer, D., Eds., ESA Publication WPP-306.
Gray, John Edward (1827). "Synopsis of the species of the class Mammalia". In Baron Cuvier (ed.). The Animal Kingdom Arranged in Conformity with its Organization, by the Baron (G) Cuvier, with additional descriptions by Edward Griffith and others. Vol. 5. Printed for G.B. Whittaker. p. 180.
books.google.com
Perrin, William F.; Würsig, Bernd; Thewissen, J. G. M., eds. (24 November 2008). "Earless Seals". Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals (2nd ed.). Burlington, Massachusetts: Academic Press. p. 346. ISBN978-0-12-373553-9.
Perrin, W. F.; Perrin, William F.; Würsig, Bernd G.; Würsig, Bernd; Thewissen, J. G. M.; Thewissen, J. G. M. (5 February 2002). Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals. Gulf Professional Publishing. ISBN9780125513401 – via Google Books.
Jones, E. (1981). "Age in relation to breeding status of the male Southern Elephant Seal, Mirounga leonina (L.), at Macquarie Island". Australian Wildlife Research. 8 (2): 327–334. Bibcode:1981WildR...8..327J. doi:10.1071/WR9810327.
M. A. Hindell; D. J. Slip & H. R. Burton (1991). "The diving behavior of adult male and female Southern Elephant Seals, Mirounga leonina (Pinnipedia, Phocidae)". Australian Journal of Zoology. 39 (5): 595–619. doi:10.1071/ZO9910595.
Jones, E. (1981). "Age in relation to breeding status of the male Southern Elephant Seal, Mirounga leonina (L.), at Macquarie Island". Australian Wildlife Research. 8 (2): 327–334. Bibcode:1981WildR...8..327J. doi:10.1071/WR9810327.