Sovereign state (English Wikipedia)

Robinson, Edward Heath (August 2013). "The Distinction Between State and Government". Geography Compass. 7 (8): 556–566. Bibcode:2013GComp...7..556R. doi:10.1111/gec3.12065.

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

See the following:
- Shaw, Malcolm Nathan (2003). International law. Cambridge University Press. p. 178. ISBN 978-0-5215-3183-2. Article 1 of the Montevideo Convention on Rights and Duties of States, 1 lays down the most widely accepted formulation of the criteria of statehood in international law. It note that the state as an international person should possess the following qualifications: '(a) a permanent population; (b) a defined territory; (c) government; and (d) capacity to enter into relations with other states'
- Shaw 2003, p. 369.
- Ringmar, Erik (1996). "On the ontological status of the state". European Journal of International Relations. 2 (4): 439–466. doi:10.1177/1354066196002004002. S2CID 145248100. (full text)

bbc.com (Global: 26^th place; English: 23^rd place)

BBC Archived 22 May 2018 at the Wayback Machine The President of the International Court of Justice (ICJ) Hisashi Owada (2010): "International law contains no prohibition on declarations of independence."

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

See B. Broms, "IV Recognition of States", pp 47–48 in International law: achievements and prospects, UNESCO Series, Mohammed Bedjaoui(ed), Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1991, ISBN 92-3-102716-6 Archived 14 November 2022 at the Wayback Machine
See Israel Yearbook on Human Rights, 1989, Yoram Dinstein, Mala Tabory eds., Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1990, ISBN 0-7923-0450-0, page 135–136 Archived 14 November 2022 at the Wayback Machine
Hillier, Tim (1998). Sourcebook on Public International Law. Routledge. pp. 201–2. ISBN 978-1-85941-050-9.
Kalevi Jaakko Holsti Taming the Sovereigns p. 128.
Lassa Oppenheim, Ronald Roxburgh (2005). International Law: A Treatise. The Lawbook Exchange, Ltd. p. 135. ISBN 978-1-58477-609-3.
Hersch Lauterpacht (2012). Recognition in International Law. Cambridge University Press. p. 419. ISBN 9781107609433. Archived from the original on 15 January 2023. Retrieved 13 August 2015.
Castellino, Joshua (2000). International Law and Self-Determination: The Interplay of the Politics of Territorial Possession With Formulations of Post-Colonial National Identity. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. p. 77. ISBN 978-90-411-1409-9.
Lauterpacht, Hersch (2012). Recognition in International Law. Cambridge University Press. p. 64. ISBN 9781107609433. Archived from the original on 15 January 2023. Retrieved 19 January 2018.
Oshisanya, An Almanac of Contemporary and Comperative Judicial Restatement, 2016 Archived 14 November 2022 at the Wayback Machine p.64: The ICJ maintained that ... the issue of recognition was apolitical.
James Ker-Lindsay (UN SG's Former Special Representative for Cyprus) Archived 14 November 2022 at the Wayback Machine The Foreign Policy of Counter Secession: Preventing the Recognition of Contested States, p.149
Czapliński, W.; Kleczkowska, A.; Scholar, W.N. (2019). Unrecognised Subjects in International Law. Scholar Publishing House. p. 26. ISBN 978-83-7383-964-9. Retrieved 5 February 2024.
Grant, John P.; Barker, J. Craig (2 October 2009). Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of International Law. Oxford University Press. p. 552. ISBN 978-0-19-987491-0. Archived from the original on 15 January 2023. Retrieved 7 March 2022.
Katzenstein, Peter J. (1987). Policy and Politics in West Germany: The Growth of a Semisovereign State. Temple University Press. ISBN 978-0-87722-264-4. Archived from the original on 15 January 2023. Retrieved 7 March 2022.
Padgett, Stephen; Jeffery, C.; Bulmer, Simon (14 January 2014). Rethinking Germany and Europe: Democracy and Diplomacy in a Semi-Sovereign State. Palgrave Macmillan UK. ISBN 978-1-349-58924-1. Archived from the original on 15 January 2023. Retrieved 7 March 2022.
Schmandt & Steinbicker 1956, p. 71 Schmandt, Henry J.; Steinbicker, Paul G. (1956) [1954]. Fundamentals of Government (2nd printing ed.). Bruce Publishing Company. OL 43450205M. Archived from the original on 15 January 2023. Retrieved 17 November 2017.
Schmandt & Steinbicker 1956, p. 71 (citing Hegel's Philosophy of History, trans. J. Sibree [New York: Wiley Book Co., 1934]); see also Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich (2012) [1899]. The Philosophy of History. Courier Corporation. p. 39. ISBN 978-0-486-11900-7. Schmandt, Henry J.; Steinbicker, Paul G. (1956) [1954]. Fundamentals of Government (2nd printing ed.). Bruce Publishing Company. OL 43450205M. Archived from the original on 15 January 2023. Retrieved 17 November 2017.

cambridge.org (Global: 209^th place; English: 151^st place)

Biger, Gideon (February 2021). "Historical Geography and International Boundaries". European Review. 29 (1): 69–77. doi:10.1017/S1062798720000587. ISSN 1062-7987.
Shachar, Ayelet; Benhabib, Seyla, eds. (2025), "New Geographies of Borders: Territory, Land, and Water", Lawless Zones, Rightless Subjects: Migration, Asylum, and Shifting Borders, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 107–172, ISBN 978-1-009-51284-8, retrieved 11 August 2026{{citation}}: CS1 maint: work parameter with ISBN (link)

coe.int (Global: 777^th place; English: 802^nd place)

hudoc.echr.coe.int

ECtHR The decision of 02.07.2013. paragraph 29
ECtHR The decision of 02.09.2015. paragraph 237.

courthousenews.com (Global: 4,827^th place; English: 2,520^th place)

Abbott, Ryan (13 October 2014). "Property Spat Over Turk-|Controlled Cyprus Fails". Courthouse News Service. Archived from the original on 21 October 2023.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Fowler, Michael Ross; Bunck, Julie Marie (1996). "What constitutes the sovereign state?". Review of International Studies. 22 (4). Cambridge University Press (CUP): 381–404. doi:10.1017/s0260210500118637. S2CID 145809847.
Talmon, Stefan (2001). "Recognition and its Variants". Recognition of Governments in International Law. pp. 44–112. doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199248391.003.0003. ISBN 978-0-19-924839-1.
Visoka, Gëzim (2022). "Statehood and recognition in world politics: Towards a critical research agenda". Cooperation and Conflict. 57 (2): 133–151. doi:10.1177/00108367211007876.
Hoch, Tomáš (2018). "Legitimization of Statehood and its Impact on Foreign Policy in De Facto States: A Case Study of Abkhazia". Iran & the Caucasus. 22 (4). Brill: 382–407. doi:10.1163/1573384X-20180406. JSTOR 26626701.
Biger, Gideon (February 2021). "Historical Geography and International Boundaries". European Review. 29 (1): 69–77. doi:10.1017/S1062798720000587. ISSN 1062-7987.
Núñez, Jorge Emilio (2013). "About the Impossibility of Absolute State Sovereignty". International Journal for the Semiotics of Law. 27 (4): 645–664. doi:10.1007/s11196-013-9333-x. S2CID 150817547.
Turner, Bryan S. (July 2007). "Islam, Religious Revival and the Sovereign State". The Muslim World. 97 (3): 405–418. doi:10.1111/j.1478-1913.2007.00187.x.
Simpson, Gerry (2004). "Sovereign Equalities". Great Powers and Outlaw States: Unequal Sovereigns in the International Legal Order. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 25–61. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511494185. ISBN 978-0-521-82761-4.
Bankas, Ernest K. (2005). The State Immunity Controversy in International Law. doi:10.1007/3-540-27883-4. ISBN 978-3-540-25695-3.^{[page needed]}
HSE University; Bratersky, Maxim; Skriba, Andrei; HSE University; Sapogova, Arina; HSE University (1 November 2021). "The Struggle for Recognition or Enhancement of Satus: Conditions for the Stability and Development of Unrecognized States Using the Example of Eurasia". International Organisations Research Journal. 16 (3): 203–219. doi:10.17323/1996-7845-2021-03-09 (inactive 7 July 2026). Retrieved 23 February 2026.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of July 2026 (link)
Fowler, Michael Ross; Bunck, Julie Marie (1996). "What constitutes the sovereign state?". Review of International Studies. 22 (4). Cambridge University Press (CUP): 381–404. doi:10.1017/s0260210500118637. ISSN 0260-2105.
Grzybowski, Janis (8 October 2019). "The paradox of state identification:de factostates, recognition, and the (re-)production of the international". International Theory. 11 (3). Cambridge University Press (CUP): 241–263. doi:10.1017/s1752971919000113. hdl:2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/405143. ISSN 1752-9719.
Goodwin-Gill, Guy S.; Talmon, Stefan (14 October 1999). The Reality of International LawEssays in Honour of Ian Brownlie. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198268376.003.0023. ISBN 978-0-19-826837-6.
Hancock, Kathleen J. (April 2006). "The Semi-Sovereign State: Belarus and the Russian Neo-Empire". Foreign Policy Analysis. 2 (2): 117–136. doi:10.1111/j.1743-8594.2006.00023.x. S2CID 153926665. SSRN 1949519.
Robinson, Edward Heath (August 2013). "The Distinction Between State and Government". Geography Compass. 7 (8): 556–566. Bibcode:2013GComp...7..556R. doi:10.1111/gec3.12065.
Robinson, Edward Heath (2010). "An ontological analysis of states: Organizations vs. legal persons". Applied Ontology. 5 (2): 109–125. doi:10.3233/AO-2010-0077.
Fazal, Tanisha M. (2004). "State Death in the International System". International Organization. 58 (2): 311–344. doi:10.1017/S0020818304582048. JSTOR 3877860.
Ringmar, Erik (1996). "On the ontological status of the state". European Journal of International Relations. 2 (4): 439–466. doi:10.1177/1354066196002004002. S2CID 145248100. (full text)
Robinson, Edward H. (2014). "A documentary theory of states and their existence as quasi-abstract entities" (PDF). Geopolitics. 19 (3): 461–489. doi:10.1080/14650045.2014.913027. S2CID 67844415. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 16 September 2014.
Fazal, Tanisha M.; Griffiths, Ryan D. (March 2014). "Membership Has Its Privileges: The Changing Benefits of Statehood". International Studies Review. 16 (1): 79–106. doi:10.1111/misr.12099.

dropboxusercontent.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

dl.dropboxusercontent.com

Robinson, Edward H. (2014). "A documentary theory of states and their existence as quasi-abstract entities" (PDF). Geopolitics. 19 (3): 461–489. doi:10.1080/14650045.2014.913027. S2CID 67844415. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 16 September 2014.

e-ir.info (Global: low place; English: low place)

"The State of Secession in International Politics". E-International Relations. 23 September 2016. Archived from the original on 17 November 2016. Retrieved 16 November 2016.

edwardheath.net (Global: low place; English: low place)

Robinson, Edward Heath (2011). "The Involuntary Extinction of States: An Examination of the Destruction of States though the Application of Military Force by Foreign Powers since the Second World War" (PDF). The Journal of Military Geography. 1: 17–29. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 February 2018. Retrieved 6 June 2013.

ejiltalk.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Akande, Dapo (7 August 2013). "The Importance of Legal Criteria for Statehood: A Response to Jure Vidmar". EJIL: Talk!.

en.wikisource.org (Global: 82^nd place; English: 41^st place)

eurasianet.org (Global: 3,349^th place; English: 2,755^th place)

Broers, Laurence (2 January 2024). "The Nagorno-Karabakh Republic: The life and death of an unrecognized state". EurasiaNet. Retrieved 4 January 2024.

foreignpolicy.com (Global: 1,185^th place; English: 815^th place)

"The List: Six Reasons You May Need A New Atlas Soon". Foreign Policy Magazine. July 2007. Archived from the original on 13 January 2009. Retrieved 4 January 2010.

global-politics.eu (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Peace Treaty of Westphalia (1648): Consequences in International Relations". Global Politics. 7 November 2019.

hdl.handle.net (Global: 66^th place; English: 34^th place)

Grzybowski, Janis (8 October 2019). "The paradox of state identification:de factostates, recognition, and the (re-)production of the international". International Theory. 11 (3). Cambridge University Press (CUP): 241–263. doi:10.1017/s1752971919000113. hdl:2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/405143. ISSN 1752-9719.

hse.ru (Global: 4,618^th place; English: low place)

iorj.hse.ru

HSE University; Bratersky, Maxim; Skriba, Andrei; HSE University; Sapogova, Arina; HSE University (1 November 2021). "The Struggle for Recognition or Enhancement of Satus: Conditions for the Stability and Development of Unrecognized States Using the Example of Eurasia". International Organisations Research Journal. 16 (3): 203–219. doi:10.17323/1996-7845-2021-03-09 (inactive 7 July 2026). Retrieved 23 February 2026.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of July 2026 (link)

iu.edu (Global: 3,497^th place; English: 2,025^th place)

mckinneylaw.iu.edu

Frederick Tse-shyang Chen. "HE MEANING OF "STATES" IN THE MEMBERSHIP PROVISIONS OF THE UNITED NATIONS CHARTER" (PDF). Retrieved 23 February 2026.

jstor.org (Global: 23^rd place; English: 15^th place)

Philpott, Daniel (1995). "Sovereignty: An Introduction and Brief History". Journal of International Affairs. 48 (2): 353–368. JSTOR 24357595.
Hoch, Tomáš (2018). "Legitimization of Statehood and its Impact on Foreign Policy in De Facto States: A Case Study of Abkhazia". Iran & the Caucasus. 22 (4). Brill: 382–407. doi:10.1163/1573384X-20180406. JSTOR 26626701.
Schwebel, Stephen M. (1963). "The Story of the U.N.'s Declaration on Permanent Sovereignty over Natural Resources". American Bar Association Journal. 49 (5): 463–469. JSTOR 25722375.
Fazal, Tanisha M. (2004). "State Death in the International System". International Organization. 58 (2): 311–344. doi:10.1017/S0020818304582048. JSTOR 3877860.

justia.com (Global: 673^rd place; English: 333^rd place)

dockets.justia.com

"Michali Toumazou, Nicolas Kantzilaris and Maroulla Tompazou versus Republic of Turkey and Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus". Justia. Archived from the original on 20 October 2023.

docs.justia.com

"Opinion stating the reasons for the Court's Order of September 30, 2014 granting both the TRNC's and the HSBC defendants' motions to dismiss, denying the plaintiffs' motion for leave to amend, and dismissing this action with prejudice for Toumazou et al v. Republic of Turkey et al". Justia. Archived from the original on 21 October 2023.

lesnouvelles.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Wiren, Robert (April 2008). "France recognises de facto Somaliland". Les Nouvelles d'Addis Magazine. Archived from the original on 25 August 2018. Retrieved 4 January 2010.

mit.edu (Global: 476^th place; English: 340^th place)

mitpress.mit.edu

Alesina, Alberto; Spolaore, Enrico (7 November 2003). The Size of Nations. MIT Press. ISBN 9780262012041. Archived from the original on 17 November 2016. Retrieved 16 November 2016.

oas.org (Global: 4,624^th place; English: 4,472^nd place)

"Chapter IV Fundamental Rights and Duties of States". Charter of the Organization of American States. Secretariat of The Organization of American States. Archived from the original on 9 April 2012. Retrieved 21 November 2010.
"Convention on Rights and Duties of States". www.oas.org. Archived from the original on 29 May 2019. Retrieved 11 March 2015.

ohchr.org (Global: 1,204^th place; English: 1,164^th place)

www2.ohchr.org

"General Assembly resolution 1803 (XVII) of 14 December 1962, "Permanent sovereignty over natural resources"". United Nations. Archived from the original on 18 February 2011. Retrieved 21 November 2010.

ohchr.org

"International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights". OHCHR. 16 December 1966. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 December 2018. Retrieved 2 March 2021.

openlibrary.org (Global: 185^th place; English: 154^th place)

Schmandt & Steinbicker 1956, p. 71 Schmandt, Henry J.; Steinbicker, Paul G. (1956) [1954]. Fundamentals of Government (2nd printing ed.). Bruce Publishing Company. OL 43450205M. Archived from the original on 15 January 2023. Retrieved 17 November 2017.
Schmandt & Steinbicker 1956, p. 71 (citing Hegel's Philosophy of History, trans. J. Sibree [New York: Wiley Book Co., 1934]); see also Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich (2012) [1899]. The Philosophy of History. Courier Corporation. p. 39. ISBN 978-0-486-11900-7. Schmandt, Henry J.; Steinbicker, Paul G. (1956) [1954]. Fundamentals of Government (2nd printing ed.). Bruce Publishing Company. OL 43450205M. Archived from the original on 15 January 2023. Retrieved 17 November 2017.

ouplaw.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

opil.ouplaw.com

Samantha Besson. "Sovereignty". Oxford Public International Law. Retrieved 23 February 2026.

sagepub.com (Global: 609^th place; English: 451^st place)

uk.sagepub.com

"The SAGE Handbook of Diplomacy". SAGE Publications. pp. 294–295. Archived from the original on 17 November 2016. Retrieved 17 November 2016.

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

Fowler, Michael Ross; Bunck, Julie Marie (1996). "What constitutes the sovereign state?". Review of International Studies. 22 (4). Cambridge University Press (CUP): 381–404. doi:10.1017/s0260210500118637. S2CID 145809847.
Núñez, Jorge Emilio (2013). "About the Impossibility of Absolute State Sovereignty". International Journal for the Semiotics of Law. 27 (4): 645–664. doi:10.1007/s11196-013-9333-x. S2CID 150817547.
Hancock, Kathleen J. (April 2006). "The Semi-Sovereign State: Belarus and the Russian Neo-Empire". Foreign Policy Analysis. 2 (2): 117–136. doi:10.1111/j.1743-8594.2006.00023.x. S2CID 153926665. SSRN 1949519.
Ringmar, Erik (1996). "On the ontological status of the state". European Journal of International Relations. 2 (4): 439–466. doi:10.1177/1354066196002004002. S2CID 145248100. (full text)
Robinson, Edward H. (2014). "A documentary theory of states and their existence as quasi-abstract entities" (PDF). Geopolitics. 19 (3): 461–489. doi:10.1080/14650045.2014.913027. S2CID 67844415. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 16 September 2014.

socionauki.ru (Global: low place; English: low place)

Grinin, L. E (2008). "Globalization and Sovereignty: Why do States Abandon their Sovereign Prerogatives?". Age of Globalization (1) – via Соционауки.

ssrn.com (Global: 907^th place; English: 529^th place)

poseidon01.ssrn.com

Bachmann, Sascha Dov; Prazauskas, Martinas (19 December 2019). "The Status of Unrecognized Quasi-States and Their Responsibilities Under the Montevideo Convention". The International Lawyer. 52 (3): 400–410. Retrieved 19 May 2020 – via SSRN.^{[permanent dead link]}

papers.ssrn.com

Hancock, Kathleen J. (April 2006). "The Semi-Sovereign State: Belarus and the Russian Neo-Empire". Foreign Policy Analysis. 2 (2): 117–136. doi:10.1111/j.1743-8594.2006.00023.x. S2CID 153926665. SSRN 1949519.

un.org (Global: 117^th place; English: 160^th place)

legal.un.org

"Draft Declaration on Rights and Duties of States" (PDF). UN Treaty Organization. 1949. Archived (PDF) from the original on 17 October 2013. Retrieved 21 November 2010.

unpo.org (Global: 8,021^st place; English: 7,427^th place)

"Overview of De-facto States". Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization. July 2008. Archived from the original on 3 June 2010. Retrieved 4 January 2010.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

"Chapter IV Fundamental Rights and Duties of States". Charter of the Organization of American States. Secretariat of The Organization of American States. Archived from the original on 9 April 2012. Retrieved 21 November 2010.
"Draft Declaration on Rights and Duties of States" (PDF). UN Treaty Organization. 1949. Archived (PDF) from the original on 17 October 2013. Retrieved 21 November 2010.
"General Assembly resolution 1803 (XVII) of 14 December 1962, "Permanent sovereignty over natural resources"". United Nations. Archived from the original on 18 February 2011. Retrieved 21 November 2010.
"International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights". OHCHR. 16 December 1966. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 December 2018. Retrieved 2 March 2021.
See B. Broms, "IV Recognition of States", pp 47–48 in International law: achievements and prospects, UNESCO Series, Mohammed Bedjaoui(ed), Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1991, ISBN 92-3-102716-6 Archived 14 November 2022 at the Wayback Machine
See Israel Yearbook on Human Rights, 1989, Yoram Dinstein, Mala Tabory eds., Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1990, ISBN 0-7923-0450-0, page 135–136 Archived 14 November 2022 at the Wayback Machine
Hersch Lauterpacht (2012). Recognition in International Law. Cambridge University Press. p. 419. ISBN 9781107609433. Archived from the original on 15 January 2023. Retrieved 13 August 2015.
"Convention on Rights and Duties of States". www.oas.org. Archived from the original on 29 May 2019. Retrieved 11 March 2015.
Lauterpacht, Hersch (2012). Recognition in International Law. Cambridge University Press. p. 64. ISBN 9781107609433. Archived from the original on 15 January 2023. Retrieved 19 January 2018.
BBC Archived 22 May 2018 at the Wayback Machine The President of the International Court of Justice (ICJ) Hisashi Owada (2010): "International law contains no prohibition on declarations of independence."
Oshisanya, An Almanac of Contemporary and Comperative Judicial Restatement, 2016 Archived 14 November 2022 at the Wayback Machine p.64: The ICJ maintained that ... the issue of recognition was apolitical.
Abbott, Ryan (13 October 2014). "Property Spat Over Turk-|Controlled Cyprus Fails". Courthouse News Service. Archived from the original on 21 October 2023.
"Michali Toumazou, Nicolas Kantzilaris and Maroulla Tompazou versus Republic of Turkey and Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus". Justia. Archived from the original on 20 October 2023.
"Opinion stating the reasons for the Court's Order of September 30, 2014 granting both the TRNC's and the HSBC defendants' motions to dismiss, denying the plaintiffs' motion for leave to amend, and dismissing this action with prejudice for Toumazou et al v. Republic of Turkey et al". Justia. Archived from the original on 21 October 2023.
The Telegraph 03.02.2017 Criminals fleeing British justice can no longer use Cyprus as a safe haven, judges rule, in landmark decision
James Ker-Lindsay (UN SG's Former Special Representative for Cyprus) Archived 14 November 2022 at the Wayback Machine The Foreign Policy of Counter Secession: Preventing the Recognition of Contested States, p.149
Arieff, Alexis (2008). "De facto Statehood? The Strange Case of Somaliland" (PDF). Yale Journal of International Affairs. 3: 60–79. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 December 2011. Retrieved 4 January 2010.
"The List: Six Reasons You May Need A New Atlas Soon". Foreign Policy Magazine. July 2007. Archived from the original on 13 January 2009. Retrieved 4 January 2010.
"Overview of De-facto States". Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization. July 2008. Archived from the original on 3 June 2010. Retrieved 4 January 2010.
Wiren, Robert (April 2008). "France recognises de facto Somaliland". Les Nouvelles d'Addis Magazine. Archived from the original on 25 August 2018. Retrieved 4 January 2010.
Grant, John P.; Barker, J. Craig (2 October 2009). Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of International Law. Oxford University Press. p. 552. ISBN 978-0-19-987491-0. Archived from the original on 15 January 2023. Retrieved 7 March 2022.
Katzenstein, Peter J. (1987). Policy and Politics in West Germany: The Growth of a Semisovereign State. Temple University Press. ISBN 978-0-87722-264-4. Archived from the original on 15 January 2023. Retrieved 7 March 2022.
Padgett, Stephen; Jeffery, C.; Bulmer, Simon (14 January 2014). Rethinking Germany and Europe: Democracy and Diplomacy in a Semi-Sovereign State. Palgrave Macmillan UK. ISBN 978-1-349-58924-1. Archived from the original on 15 January 2023. Retrieved 7 March 2022.
Robinson, Edward Heath (2011). "The Involuntary Extinction of States: An Examination of the Destruction of States though the Application of Military Force by Foreign Powers since the Second World War" (PDF). The Journal of Military Geography. 1: 17–29. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 February 2018. Retrieved 6 June 2013.
Robinson, Edward H. (2014). "A documentary theory of states and their existence as quasi-abstract entities" (PDF). Geopolitics. 19 (3): 461–489. doi:10.1080/14650045.2014.913027. S2CID 67844415. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 16 September 2014.
Schmandt & Steinbicker 1956, p. 71 Schmandt, Henry J.; Steinbicker, Paul G. (1956) [1954]. Fundamentals of Government (2nd printing ed.). Bruce Publishing Company. OL 43450205M. Archived from the original on 15 January 2023. Retrieved 17 November 2017.
Schmandt & Steinbicker 1956, p. 71 (citing Hegel's Philosophy of History, trans. J. Sibree [New York: Wiley Book Co., 1934]); see also Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich (2012) [1899]. The Philosophy of History. Courier Corporation. p. 39. ISBN 978-0-486-11900-7. Schmandt, Henry J.; Steinbicker, Paul G. (1956) [1954]. Fundamentals of Government (2nd printing ed.). Bruce Publishing Company. OL 43450205M. Archived from the original on 15 January 2023. Retrieved 17 November 2017.
"The SAGE Handbook of Diplomacy". SAGE Publications. pp. 294–295. Archived from the original on 17 November 2016. Retrieved 17 November 2016.
"The State of Secession in International Politics". E-International Relations. 23 September 2016. Archived from the original on 17 November 2016. Retrieved 16 November 2016.
Alesina, Alberto; Spolaore, Enrico (7 November 2003). The Size of Nations. MIT Press. ISBN 9780262012041. Archived from the original on 17 November 2016. Retrieved 16 November 2016.

worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

search.worldcat.org

Biger, Gideon (February 2021). "Historical Geography and International Boundaries". European Review. 29 (1): 69–77. doi:10.1017/S1062798720000587. ISSN 1062-7987.
Fowler, Michael Ross; Bunck, Julie Marie (1996). "What constitutes the sovereign state?". Review of International Studies. 22 (4). Cambridge University Press (CUP): 381–404. doi:10.1017/s0260210500118637. ISSN 0260-2105.
Grzybowski, Janis (8 October 2019). "The paradox of state identification:de factostates, recognition, and the (re-)production of the international". International Theory. 11 (3). Cambridge University Press (CUP): 241–263. doi:10.1017/s1752971919000113. hdl:2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/405143. ISSN 1752-9719.

worldpopulationreview.com (Global: 2,810^th place; English: 4,138^th place)

"Countries Not in the United Nations 2024". World Population by Country 2024 (Live). Retrieved 2 March 2024.

yalejournal.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Arieff, Alexis (2008). "De facto Statehood? The Strange Case of Somaliland" (PDF). Yale Journal of International Affairs. 3: 60–79. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 December 2011. Retrieved 4 January 2010.

Sovereign state (English Wikipedia)

adsabs.harvard.edu (Global: 14th place; English: 9th place)

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

archive.org (Global: 6th place; English: 6th place)

bbc.com (Global: 26th place; English: 23rd place)

books.google.com (Global: 3rd place; English: 3rd place)

cambridge.org (Global: 209th place; English: 151st place)

coe.int (Global: 777th place; English: 802nd place)

hudoc.echr.coe.int

courthousenews.com (Global: 4,827th place; English: 2,520th place)

doi.org (Global: 2nd place; English: 2nd place)

dropboxusercontent.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

dl.dropboxusercontent.com

e-ir.info (Global: low place; English: low place)

edwardheath.net (Global: low place; English: low place)

ejiltalk.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

en.wikisource.org (Global: 82nd place; English: 41st place)

eurasianet.org (Global: 3,349th place; English: 2,755th place)

foreignpolicy.com (Global: 1,185th place; English: 815th place)

global-politics.eu (Global: low place; English: low place)

hdl.handle.net (Global: 66th place; English: 34th place)

hse.ru (Global: 4,618th place; English: low place)

iorj.hse.ru

iu.edu (Global: 3,497th place; English: 2,025th place)

mckinneylaw.iu.edu

jstor.org (Global: 23rd place; English: 15th place)

justia.com (Global: 673rd place; English: 333rd place)

dockets.justia.com

docs.justia.com

lesnouvelles.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

mit.edu (Global: 476th place; English: 340th place)

mitpress.mit.edu

oas.org (Global: 4,624th place; English: 4,472nd place)

ohchr.org (Global: 1,204th place; English: 1,164th place)

www2.ohchr.org

ohchr.org

openlibrary.org (Global: 185th place; English: 154th place)

ouplaw.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

opil.ouplaw.com

sagepub.com (Global: 609th place; English: 451st place)

uk.sagepub.com

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15th place; English: 8th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

socionauki.ru (Global: low place; English: low place)

ssrn.com (Global: 907th place; English: 529th place)

poseidon01.ssrn.com

papers.ssrn.com

un.org (Global: 117th place; English: 160th place)

legal.un.org

unpo.org (Global: 8,021st place; English: 7,427th place)

web.archive.org (Global: 1st place; English: 1st place)

worldcat.org (Global: 4th place; English: 4th place)

search.worldcat.org

worldpopulationreview.com (Global: 2,810th place; English: 4,138th place)

yalejournal.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

adsabs.harvard.edu (Global: 14^th place; English: 9^th place)

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

bbc.com (Global: 26^th place; English: 23^rd place)

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

cambridge.org (Global: 209^th place; English: 151^st place)

coe.int (Global: 777^th place; English: 802^nd place)

courthousenews.com (Global: 4,827^th place; English: 2,520^th place)

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

en.wikisource.org (Global: 82^nd place; English: 41^st place)

eurasianet.org (Global: 3,349^th place; English: 2,755^th place)

foreignpolicy.com (Global: 1,185^th place; English: 815^th place)

hdl.handle.net (Global: 66^th place; English: 34^th place)

hse.ru (Global: 4,618^th place; English: low place)

iu.edu (Global: 3,497^th place; English: 2,025^th place)

jstor.org (Global: 23^rd place; English: 15^th place)

justia.com (Global: 673^rd place; English: 333^rd place)

mit.edu (Global: 476^th place; English: 340^th place)

oas.org (Global: 4,624^th place; English: 4,472^nd place)

ohchr.org (Global: 1,204^th place; English: 1,164^th place)

openlibrary.org (Global: 185^th place; English: 154^th place)

sagepub.com (Global: 609^th place; English: 451^st place)

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)

ssrn.com (Global: 907^th place; English: 529^th place)

un.org (Global: 117^th place; English: 160^th place)

unpo.org (Global: 8,021^st place; English: 7,427^th place)

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

worldpopulationreview.com (Global: 2,810^th place; English: 4,138^th place)