Space (punctuation) (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Space (punctuation)" in English language version.

refsWebsite
Global rank English rank
1st place
1st place
3rd place
3rd place
5,531st place
5,142nd place
6th place
6th place
641st place
955th place
low place
low place
259th place
188th place
low place
low place
low place
low place
low place
low place
7,750th place
5,342nd place
1,360th place
845th place
low place
9,040th place
low place
9,647th place
low place
low place
low place
low place
228th place
158th place
652nd place
515th place
3,758th place
3,252nd place

archive.org

  • "Chapter 5. Manuscript Preparation and Sample Papers to be Submitted for Publication". Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (aka APA Style) (5 ed.). Washington: American Psychological Association. 2001. pp. 439. ISBN 9781557987907. Retrieved 2010-04-25. 5.11 Spacing and Punctuation: Space once after all punctuation as follows: after commas, colons, and semicolons; after punctuation marks at the end of sentences; after periods that separate parts of a reference citation; and after the periods of the initials in personal names (e.g., J. R. Zhang). Exception: Do not use space after internal periods in abbreviations (e.g., a.m, i.e., U.S.)
  • Felici, James (2003). The Complete Manual of Typography: A Guide to Setting Perfect Type. Berkeley, CA: Peachpit Press. p. 80. ISBN 0-321-12730-7.; Fogarty, Mignon (2008). Grammar Girl's Quick and Dirty Tips for Better Writing (Quick and Dirty Tips). New York: Holt Paperbacks. p. 85. ISBN 978-0-8050-8831-1.; Straus, Jane (2009). The Blue Book of Grammar and Punctuation: An Easy-to-Use Guide with Clear Rules, Real-World Examples, and Reproducible Quizzes (10th ed.). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass. p. 52. ISBN 978-0-470-22268-3.

australia.gov.au

  • Style Manual: for Authors, Editors and Printers (aka AGPS Style) (6 ed.). Stafford, Australia: Wiley Australia, The Commonwealth Government of Australia Printing Office. 2002. p. 117. ISBN 978-0-7016-3647-0. Archived from the original on 2015-03-26. Retrieved 2010-04-25. In typewritten (as distinct from typeset) material, it was customary to place two spaces after a colon, semicolon, full stop or other sentence closing punctuation. Programs for word processing and desktop publishing offer more sophisticated, variable spacing, so this practice of double spacing is now avoided because it can create distracting gaps on a page.

bipm.org

books.google.com

  • Saenger 2000, p. 10: "the Semitic languages (Hebrew, Aramaic, Arabic, and Syriac), when written without vowels, were virtually always written with word separation in antiquity and continued to be so transcribed into modern times"
  • Einsohn, Amy (2006). "Punctuation, Eyeballing every mark". The Copyeditor's Handbook: A Guide for Book Publishing and Corporate Communications (2nd ed.). Berkeley, Los Angeles, London: University of California Press. p. 113. ISBN 9780520246881. Retrieved 2010-04-25. If you are working on documents that will be printed without any intervention from a compositor (e.g., documents produced on the office laser printer), you will have to carefully scrutinize every piece of punctuation to be sure that the document contains the correct character (see table 5). You should also delete any extra wordspacing before and after punctuation marks. The conventions are: One space follows sentence-ending punctuation mark (period, question mark, or exclamation point). One space follows comma, colon, or semicolon ...

chicagomanualofstyle.org

  • "The Chicago Manual of Style Online (Q&A: One Space or Two?)". University of Chicago Press. 2003. Archived from the original on 2009-01-05. Retrieved 2010-04-25. The view at CMOS is that there is no reason for two spaces after a period in published work. Some people, however—my colleagues included—prefer it, relegating this preference to their personal correspondence and notes. I've noticed in old American books printed in the few decades before and after the turn of the twentieth century (ca. 1870–1930 at least) that there seemed to be a trend in publishing to use extra space (sometimes quite a bit of it) after periods. And many people were taught to use that extra space in typing class (I was). But introducing two spaces after the period causes problems: (1) it is inefficient, requiring an extra keystroke for every sentence; (2) even if a program is set to automatically put an extra space after a period, such automation is never foolproof; (3) there is no proof that an extra space actually improves readability—as your comment suggests, it's probably just a matter of familiarity (Who knows? perhaps it's actually more efficient to read with less regard for sentences as individual units of thought—many centuries ago, for example in ancient Greece, there were no spaces even between words, and no punctuation); (4) two spaces are harder to control for than one in electronic documents (I find that the earmark of a document that imposes a two-space rule is a smattering of instances of both three spaces and one space after a period, and two spaces in the middle of sentences); and (5) two spaces can cause problems with line breaks in certain programs. So, in our efficient, modern world, I think there is no room for two spaces after a period. In the opinion of this particular copyeditor, this is a good thing.

gpo.gov

frwebgate.access.gpo.gov

gpoaccess.gov

grammarbook.com

heracliteanriver.com

iec.ch

ieee.org

standards.ieee.org

mla.org

nongnu.org

savannah.nongnu.org

slate.com

theatlantic.com

tomsarazac.com

typedesk.com

typophile.com

  • Mergenthaler Linotype Company (1940). Linotype Keyboard Operation: Methods of Study and Procedures for Setting Various Kinds of Composition on the Linotype. Mergenthaler Linotype Company. cited in Mark Simonson (5 March 2004). "Double-spacing after Periods". Typophile. Archived from the original on 20 January 2010. Retrieved 5 April 2010.

web.archive.org

  • Thomas A. Fine. "How many spaces at the end of a sentence? One or two?". Archived from the original on 2014-02-20. Retrieved 2013-08-08.
  • Heraclitus (1 November 2011). "Why two spaces after a period isn't wrong". Archived from the original on 26 July 2013. Retrieved 8 August 2013.
  • David Spencer (24 May 2011). "The Curious Misconception Surrounding Sentence Spacing". Type Desk. Matador. Archived from the original on 10 June 2011. Retrieved 27 May 2011.
  • Strauss, Jane (2007). "Spacing with Punctuation". The Blue Book of Grammar and Punctuation: An Easy-to-Use Guide with Clear Rules, Real-World Examples, and Reproducible Quizzes (10 ed.). Jossey-Bass. p. 176. ISBN 9780470222683. Archived from the original on 2010-04-28. Retrieved 2010-04-25. Rule 1. With a computer, use only one space following periods, commas, semicolons, colons, exclamation points, question marks, and quotation marks. The space needed after these punctuation marks is proportioned automatically. With some typewriters and word processors, follow ending punctuation with two spaces when using a fixed-pitch font.
  • "2.49 Leading and spacing". The GPO Style Manual (30 ed.). Washington: The U.S. Government Printing Office. 2008. p. 469. ISBN 9780160818127. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-08-31. Retrieved 2010-04-25. A single justified word space will be used between sentences. This applies to all types of composition.
  • "FAQ: How many spaces should I leave after a period or other concluding mark of punctuation?". MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers (7 ed.). Modern Language Association. 2009. p. 292. ISBN 978-0-87352-297-7. Archived from the original on 2011-02-28. Retrieved 2010-04-25. Publications in the United States today usually have the same spacing after a punctuation mark as between words on the same line. Since word processors make available the same fonts used by typesetters for printed works, many writers, influenced by the look of typeset publications, now leave only one space after a concluding punctuation mark. In addition, most publishers' guidelines for preparing electronic manuscripts ask authors to type only the spaces that are to appear in print.
  • "FAQ: How many spaces should I leave after a period or other concluding mark of punctuation?". The Chicago Manual of Style (7 ed.). University of Chicago Press. 2009. p. 292. ISBN 9780873522977. Archived from the original on 2011-02-28. Retrieved 2010-04-25. Publications in the United States today usually have the same spacing after a punctuation mark as between words on the same line. Since word processors make available the same fonts used by typesetters for printed works, many writers, influenced by the look of typeset publications, now leave only one space after a concluding punctuation mark. In addition, most publishers' guidelines for preparing electronic manuscripts ask authors to type only the spaces that are to appear in print.
  • "The Chicago Manual of Style Online (Q&A: One Space or Two?)". University of Chicago Press. 2003. Archived from the original on 2009-01-05. Retrieved 2010-04-25. The view at CMOS is that there is no reason for two spaces after a period in published work. Some people, however—my colleagues included—prefer it, relegating this preference to their personal correspondence and notes. I've noticed in old American books printed in the few decades before and after the turn of the twentieth century (ca. 1870–1930 at least) that there seemed to be a trend in publishing to use extra space (sometimes quite a bit of it) after periods. And many people were taught to use that extra space in typing class (I was). But introducing two spaces after the period causes problems: (1) it is inefficient, requiring an extra keystroke for every sentence; (2) even if a program is set to automatically put an extra space after a period, such automation is never foolproof; (3) there is no proof that an extra space actually improves readability—as your comment suggests, it's probably just a matter of familiarity (Who knows? perhaps it's actually more efficient to read with less regard for sentences as individual units of thought—many centuries ago, for example in ancient Greece, there were no spaces even between words, and no punctuation); (4) two spaces are harder to control for than one in electronic documents (I find that the earmark of a document that imposes a two-space rule is a smattering of instances of both three spaces and one space after a period, and two spaces in the middle of sentences); and (5) two spaces can cause problems with line breaks in certain programs. So, in our efficient, modern world, I think there is no room for two spaces after a period. In the opinion of this particular copyeditor, this is a good thing.
  • Style Manual: for Authors, Editors and Printers (aka AGPS Style) (6 ed.). Stafford, Australia: Wiley Australia, The Commonwealth Government of Australia Printing Office. 2002. p. 117. ISBN 978-0-7016-3647-0. Archived from the original on 2015-03-26. Retrieved 2010-04-25. In typewritten (as distinct from typeset) material, it was customary to place two spaces after a colon, semicolon, full stop or other sentence closing punctuation. Programs for word processing and desktop publishing offer more sophisticated, variable spacing, so this practice of double spacing is now avoided because it can create distracting gaps on a page.
  • Mergenthaler Linotype Company (1940). Linotype Keyboard Operation: Methods of Study and Procedures for Setting Various Kinds of Composition on the Linotype. Mergenthaler Linotype Company. cited in Mark Simonson (5 March 2004). "Double-spacing after Periods". Typophile. Archived from the original on 20 January 2010. Retrieved 5 April 2010.
  • Hamblin, James (11 May 2018). "The Scientific Case for Two Spaces After a Period". The Atlantic. Archived from the original on 14 May 2018. Retrieved 14 May 2018.
  • International Bureau of Weights and Measures (2019). The International System of Units (SI) (9th ed.). p. 149. Archived from the original on 2023-01-13. Retrieved 2023-01-13..
  • The International System of Units (PDF) (9th ed.). International Bureau of Weights and Measures. 2019. p. 150. ISBN 978-92-822-2272-0. Archived from the original on 2021-10-18. Retrieved 2019-11-13.
  • "SCC 14 Conventions for Metrication of IEEE Standards" (PDF). IEEE. 2017-10-31. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2019-07-23. Retrieved 2019-11-12.
  • "Writing and formatting | IEC". International Electrotechnical Commission. 2022-07-18. Archived from the original on 2022-07-18. Retrieved 2022-07-18.