Space Launch System (English Wikipedia)

Foust, Jeff (3 September 2022). "Second Artemis 1 launch attempt scrubbed". SpaceNews. Archived from the original on 17 November 2022. Retrieved 4 September 2022.
"Near Term Space Exploration with Commercial Launch Vehicles Plus Propellant Depot" (PDF). Georgia Institute of Technology / National Institute of Aerospace. 2 September 2010. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 February 2016. Retrieved 7 March 2012.

archive.today

Cowing, Keith (14 September 2011). "NASA's New Space Launch System Announced – Destination TBD". SpaceRef. Archived from the original on 4 June 2012. Retrieved 26 January 2012.
"Second SLS Mission Might Not Carry Crew". SpaceNews. 21 May 2014. Archived from the original on 27 July 2014. Retrieved 25 July 2014.
"NASA Studies Scaled-Up Falcon, Merlin". Aviation Week. 2 December 2010. Archived from the original on 27 July 2012.

archives.gov

bidenwhitehouse.archives.gov

Vought, Russell T. "Letter to the Chair and Vice Chair of the Senate Appropriations Committee with respect to 10 of the FY 2020 annual appropriations bills" (PDF). White House. p. 7. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 November 2019. Retrieved 13 November 2019. estimated cost of over US$2 billion per launch for the SLS once development is complete

arstechnica.com

Berger, Eric (20 May 2019). "NASA's full Artemis plan revealed: 37 launches and a lunar outpost". Ars Technica. Archived from the original on 23 May 2019. Retrieved 20 May 2019.
Hutchinson, Lee (15 April 2013). "New F-1B rocket engine upgrades Apollo-era design with 1.8M lbs of thrust". Ars Technica. Archived from the original on 2 December 2017. Retrieved 15 April 2013.
Berger, Eric (5 November 2019). "NASA rejects Blue Origin's offer of a cheaper upper stage for the SLS rocket". Ars Technica. Archived from the original on 19 December 2019. Retrieved 19 December 2019.
Berger, Eric (7 February 2025). "Boeing has informed its employees that NASA may cancel SLS contracts". Ars Technica. Retrieved 7 February 2025.
Berger, Eric (2 May 2025). "White House budget seeks to end SLS, Orion, and Lunar Gateway programs". Ars Technica. Retrieved 2 May 2025.
Berger, Eric (20 October 2017). "NASA chooses not to tell Congress how much deep space missions cost". arstechnica.com. Archived from the original on 17 December 2018. Retrieved 16 December 2018.
Berger, Eric (8 November 2019). "NASA does not deny the "over US$2 billion" cost of a single SLS launch". Ars Technica. Condé Nest. Archived from the original on 11 November 2019. Retrieved 13 November 2019. The White House number appears to include both the "marginal" cost of building a single SLS rocket as well as the "fixed" costs of maintaining a standing army of thousands of employees and hundreds of suppliers across the country. Building a second SLS rocket each year would make the per-unit cost "significantly less"
Clark, Stephen (29 September 2023). "Rocket Report: Iran launches satellite; Artemis II boosters get train ride". Ars Technica. Archived from the original on 29 September 2023. Retrieved 2 October 2023.
Berger, Eric (31 August 2021). "NASA's big rocket misses another deadline, now won't fly until 2022". Ars Technica. Archived from the original on 1 September 2021. Retrieved 1 September 2021.
"The SLS rocket finally has a believable launch date, and it's soon". Ars Technica. 20 July 2022. Archived from the original on 20 July 2022. Retrieved 20 July 2022.
Berger, Eric (23 July 2021). "SpaceX to launch the Europa Clipper mission for a bargain price". Ars Technica. Retrieved 28 November 2021.
Berger, Eric (9 February 2021). "So long Senator Shelby: Key architect of SLS rocket won't seek reelection". Ars Technica. Archived from the original on 28 August 2024. Retrieved 28 August 2024.
Berger, Eric (9 September 2016). "How I learned to stop worrying and love the big $60B NASA rocket". Ars Technica. Archived from the original on 26 July 2024. Retrieved 28 August 2024.
Berger, Eric (10 July 2024). "Congress apparently feels a need for "reaffirmation" of SLS rocket". Ars Technica. Archived from the original on 27 August 2024. Retrieved 28 August 2024.
"New Report Finds Nasa Awarded Boeing Large Fees Despite SLS Launch Slips". ArsTechnica. 19 June 2019. Archived from the original on 14 August 2019. Retrieved 1 August 2019.
Berger, Eric (1 August 2019). "The SLS rocket may have curbed development of on-orbit refueling for a decade". Ars Technica. Archived from the original on 5 August 2019. Retrieved 5 August 2019.

asee.org

"NASA's Space Launch System: Partnering For Tomorrow" (PDF). NASA. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 12 March 2013. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.

aviationweek.com

Morring, Frank (17 June 2011). "NASA Will Compete Space Launch System Boosters". Aviation Week. Archived from the original on 11 October 2011. Retrieved 20 June 2011.
"NASA Studies Scaled-Up Falcon, Merlin". Aviation Week. 2 December 2010. Archived from the original on 27 July 2012.

bbc.co.uk

Rincon, Paul (20 January 2021). "SLS: NASA finds cause of 'megarocket' test shutdown". BBC News. Archived from the original on 20 January 2021. Retrieved 20 January 2021.

bbc.com

Rincon, Paul (9 January 2020). "Nasa Moon rocket core leaves for testing". BBC News. Archived from the original on 9 January 2020. Retrieved 9 January 2020.

boeing.com

"1 year down, a galaxy to go". Boeing. Archived from the original on 21 April 2024. Retrieved 13 April 2024.
"Shields up! Spray foam evolving to protect NASA SLS". Boeing. 14 July 2021. Archived from the original on 15 August 2021. Retrieved 11 October 2021.

c-span.org

Bill Nelson, Kay Bailey Hutchison, Charles F. Bolden (14 September 2011). Future of NASA Space Program. Washington, D.C.: Cspan.org. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 25 March 2015.
"Press Conference on the Future of NASA Space Program". C-Span. 14 September 2011. Archived from the original on 8 February 2012. Retrieved 14 September 2011.

cbsnews.com

Harwood, William (14 September 2011). "NASA unveils new super rocket for manned flights beyond Earth orbit". CBS News. Archived from the original on 10 August 2020. Retrieved 14 September 2020.

cnn.com

edition.cnn.com

Ashley Strickland (29 August 2022). "Today's Artemis I launch has been scrubbed after engine issue". CNN. Archived from the original on 29 August 2022. Retrieved 29 August 2022.

cnn.com

Strickland, Ashley (1 September 2022). "Artemis I launch team is ready for another 'try' on Saturday". CNN. Warner Bros Discovery. Archived from the original on 3 September 2022. Retrieved 2 September 2022.

competitivespace.org

"The Senate Launch System". Competitive Space Task Force. 4 October 2011. Archived from the original on 27 October 2011. Retrieved 20 October 2011.

congress.gov

"S.3729 – National Aeronautics and Space Administration Authorization Act of 2010". United States Congress. 11 October 2010. Archived from the original on 28 April 2021. Retrieved 14 September 2020. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.

doi.org

Rymer, Abigail M.; et al. (8 September 2021). "Neptune Odyssey: A Flagship Concept for the Exploration of the Neptune–Triton System". The Planetary Science Journal. 2 (5): 184. Bibcode:2021PSJ.....2..184R. doi:10.3847/PSJ/abf654. S2CID 237449259.

flickr.com

"What is ICPS?". United Launch Alliance. 23 June 2021. Archived from the original on 23 June 2021. Retrieved 4 October 2021.

flightglobal.com

Rosenberg, Zach. "Delta second stage chosen as SLS interim" Archived 27 July 2012 at the Wayback Machine. Flight International, 8 May 2012.

fool.com

Smith, Rich (26 March 2019). "Is NASA Preparing to Cancel Its Space Launch System?". The Motley Fool. Archived from the original on 23 June 2019. Retrieved 15 May 2019.

forbes.com

Carter, Jamie (27 September 2021). "The $3.4 Billion Plan For NASA To Explore 'Pluto's Twin' And The Rings Of Neptune Then Execute A 'Death Dive'". Forbes. Archived from the original on 5 October 2021. Retrieved 13 October 2021.
Siegel, Ethan (19 September 2017). "New Space Telescope, 40 Times The Power Of Hubble, To Unlock Astronomy's Future". Forbes. Archived from the original on 5 July 2021. Retrieved 13 October 2021.

futurism.com

"Former NASA Official: Moon launch this month may be "embarrassing"". The Byte. 25 August 2022. Archived from the original on 16 September 2022. Retrieved 15 September 2022.

gao.gov

"NASA HUMAN SPACE EXPLORATION: Persistent Delays and Cost Growth Reinforce Concerns over Management of Programs" (PDF). GAO. Archived (PDF) from the original on 3 October 2021. Retrieved 15 September 2020. NASA's current approach for reporting cost growth misrepresents the cost performance of the program and thus undermines the usefulness of a baseline as an oversight tool. NASA's space flight program and project management requirements state that the agency baseline commitment for a program is the basis for the agency's commitment to the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) and the Congress based on program requirements, cost, schedule, technical content, and an agreed-to joint cost and schedule confidence level. Removing effort that amounts to more than a tenth of a program's development cost baseline is a change in the commitment to OMB and the Congress and results in a baseline that does not reflect actual effort. [...] Further, the baseline is a key tool against which to measure the cost and schedule performance of a program. A program must be rebaselined and reauthorized by the Congress if the Administrator determines that development costs will increase by more than 30 percent. Accounting for shifted costs, our analysis indicates that NASA has reached 29.0 percent development cost growth for the SLS program. [...] In addition, as we previously reported in May 2014, NASA does not have a cost and schedule baseline for SLS beyond the first flight. As a result, NASA cannot monitor or track costs shifted beyond EM-1 against a baseline. We recommended that NASA establish cost and schedule baselines that address the life cycle of each SLS increment, as well as for any evolved Orion or ground systems capability. NASA partially concurred with the recommendation, but has not taken any action to date. [...] By not adjusting the SLS baseline to account for the reduced scope, NASA will continue to report costs against an inflated baseline, hence underreporting the extent of cost growth. NASA's Associate Administrator and Chief Financial Officer stated that they understood our rationale for removing these costs from the EM-1 baseline and agreed that not doing so could result in underreporting of cost growth. Further, the Associate Administrator told us that the agency will be relooking at the SLS program's schedule, baseline, and calculation of cost growth.

govtribe.com

"Definitive Contract NNM12AA82C". govtribe.com. Archived from the original on 30 September 2021. Retrieved 16 December 2018. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Rymer, Abigail M.; et al. (8 September 2021). "Neptune Odyssey: A Flagship Concept for the Exploration of the Neptune–Triton System". The Planetary Science Journal. 2 (5): 184. Bibcode:2021PSJ.....2..184R. doi:10.3847/PSJ/abf654. S2CID 237449259.

house.gov

docs.house.gov

“Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2016’" (PDF). p.63. Archived from the original 31 October 2022. Retrieved 31 October 2022. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.

rohrabacher.house.gov

Rohrabacher, Dana (14 September 2011). "Nothing New or Innovative, Including It's [sic] Astronomical Price Tag". Archived from the original on 24 September 2011. Retrieved 14 September 2011. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.

independent.co.uk

Anthony Cuthbertson; Vishwam Sankaran; Johanna Chisholm; Jon Kelvey (29 August 2022). "Nasa scrambles to fix Moon rocket issues ahead of Artemis launch – live". The Independent. Archived from the original on 29 August 2022. Retrieved 29 August 2022.

moonandback.com

"Congressman, Space Frontier Foundation, And Tea Party In Space Call For NASA SLS Investigation". moonandback.com. 4 October 2011. Archived from the original on 3 October 2011. Retrieved 20 October 2011.
Henry Vanderbilt (15 September 2011). "Impossibly High NASA Development Costs Are Heart of the Matter". moonandback.com. Archived from the original on 31 March 2012. Retrieved 26 January 2012.

nasa.gov

"SLS Lift Capabilities and Configurations" (PDF). NASA. 29 April 2020. Archived (PDF) from the original on 21 September 2020. Retrieved 20 January 2021.
NASA (27 October 2021). "Space Launch System Core Stage". nasa.gov. Archived from the original on 15 June 2020. Retrieved 19 November 2022.
"SLS October 2015 Fact Sheet" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 6 September 2014. Retrieved 19 November 2022.
"2018 draft factsheet of SLS capabilities" (PDF). NASA. 20 August 2018. Archived (PDF) from the original on 30 June 2019. Retrieved 24 August 2022.
"2024 update on SLS status". NASA. Retrieved 16 May 2025.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
"Space Launch System Solid Rocket Booster". NASA. February 2021. Archived from the original on 3 July 2022. Retrieved 16 August 2022. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
"SLS Core Stage Fact Sheet" (PDF). NASA. Archived (PDF) from the original on 20 February 2021. Retrieved 4 October 2021.
Harbaugh, Jennifer (9 December 2019). "NASA, Public Marks Assembly of SLS Stage with Artemis Day". nasa.gov. NASA. Archived from the original on 6 February 2020. Retrieved 10 December 2019. NASA and the Michoud team will shortly send the first fully assembled, 212-foot-tall core stage [...] 27.6-feet-in-diameter tanks and barrels. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
"space launch system" (PDF). nasa.gov. 2012. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 August 2012. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
"SLS Engine Section Barrel Hot off the Vertical Weld Center at Michoud". NASA. Archived from the original on 19 November 2014. Retrieved 16 November 2014. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
Boen, Brooke (2 March 2015). "RS-25: The Clark Kent of Engines for the Space Launch System". NASA. Archived from the original on 24 December 2020. Retrieved 29 March 2021.
Harbaugh, Jennifer (29 January 2020). "Space Launch System RS-25 Core Stage Engines". NASA. Archived from the original on 18 March 2021. Retrieved 29 August 2021.
Henry, Kim (30 October 2014). "Getting to Know You, Rocket Edition: Interim Cryogenic Propulsion Stage". nasa.gov. Archived from the original on 6 August 2020. Retrieved 25 July 2020. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
Harbaugh, Jennifer (9 July 2018). "The Great Escape: SLS Provides Power for Missions to the Moon". NASA. Archived from the original on 11 December 2019. Retrieved 4 September 2018.
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"Independent Cost Assessment of the Space Launch System, Multi-purpose Crew Vehicle and 21st Century Ground Systems Programs: Executive Summary of Final Report" (PDF). Booz Allen Hamilton. 19 August 2011. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2 March 2012. Retrieved 3 March 2012. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
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"NASA Commits to Future Artemis Missions with More SLS Rocket Engines" (Press release). NASA. 1 May 2020. Archived from the original on 1 May 2020. Retrieved 4 May 2020. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
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"Public Law 111–267 111th Congress, 42 USC 18322. SEC. 302 (c) (2) 42 USC 18323. SEC. 303 (a) (2)" (PDF). 11 October 2010. pp. 11–12. Archived (PDF) from the original on 12 November 2020. Retrieved 14 September 2020. 42 USC 18322. SEC. 302 SPACE LAUNCH SYSTEM AS FOLLOW-ON LAUNCH VEHICLE TO THE SPACE SHUTTLE [...] (c) MINIMUM CAPABILITY REQUIREMENTS (1) IN GENERAL – The Space Launch System developed pursuant to subsection (b) shall be designed to have, at a minimum, the following: (A) The initial capability of the core elements, without an upper stage, of lifting payloads weighing between 70 tons and 100 tons into low-Earth orbit in preparation for transit for missions beyond low Earth orbit [...] (2) FLEXIBILITY [...] (Deadline) Developmental work and testing of the core elements and the upper stage should proceed in parallel subject to appro-priations. Priority should be placed on the core elements with the goal for operational capability for the core elements not later than December 31, 2016 [...] 42 USC 18323. SEC. 303 MULTI-PURPOSE CREW VEHICLE (a) INITIATION OF DEVELOPMENT (1) IN GENERAL – The Administrator shall continue the development of a multi-purpose crew vehicle to be available as soon as practicable, and no later than for use with the Space Launch System [...] (2) GOAL FOR OPERATIONAL CAPABILITY. It shall be the goal to achieve full operational capability for the transportation vehicle developed pursuant to this subsection by not later than December 31, 2016. For purposes of meeting such goal, the Administrator may undertake a test of the transportation vehicle at the ISS before that date.
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Dooren, Jennifer M.; Stevens, Bethany (2 May 2025). "President Trump's FY26 Budget Revitalizes Human Space Exploration" (Press release). NASA. 25-035. Retrieved 2 May 2025.
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"All Four Engines Are Attached to the SLS Core Stage for Artemis I Mission". NASA. 8 November 2019. Archived from the original on 12 November 2019. Retrieved 12 November 2019. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
Dunbar, Brian (29 April 2021). "Space Launch System Core Stage Arrives at the Kennedy Space Center". NASA. Archived from the original on 7 May 2021. Retrieved 1 June 2021. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
"SLS Monthly Highlights February 2020" (PDF). NASA. February 2020. Archived (PDF) from the original on 11 October 2021. Retrieved 11 October 2021. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
Donaldson, Abbey A. (5 December 2024). "NASA Shares Orion Heat Shield Findings, Updates Artemis Moon Missions". NASA. Retrieved 5 December 2024.
Northon, Karen (9 June 2017). "Three DIY CubeSats Score Rides on Exploration Mission-1". National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). Archived from the original on 6 August 2019. Retrieved 6 August 2019. NASA's Space Technology Mission Directorate (STMD) has awarded rides for three small spacecraft on the agency's newest rocket, and $20,000 each in prize money, to the winning teams of citizen solvers competing in the semi-final round of the agency's Cube Quest Challenge.
Crane, Aimee (11 June 2019). "Artemis 1 Flight Control Team Simulates Mission Scenarios". National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). Archived from the original on 6 August 2019. Retrieved 6 August 2019. ...after the Space Launch System performs the Trans-Lunar Injection burn that sends the spacecraft out of Earth orbit and toward the Moon.
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blogs.nasa.gov

"NASA Prepares Rocket, Spacecraft Ahead of Tropical Storm Nicole, Re-targets Launch". NASA. 8 November 2022. Archived from the original on 8 November 2022. Retrieved 8 November 2022.
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ntrs.nasa.gov

Redden, Jeremy J. (27 July 2015). "SLS Booster Development". NASA Technical Reports Server. Archived from the original on 23 August 2021. Retrieved 1 October 2020. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
Ballard, Richard (2017). "Next-Generation RS-25 Engines for the NASA Space Launch System" (PDF). NASA Marshall Space Flight Center. p. 3. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 October 2021. Retrieved 13 October 2021.
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Tobias, Mark E.; Griffin, David R.; McMillin, Joshua E.; Haws, Terry D.; Fuller, Micheal E. (2 March 2019). "Booster Obsolescence and Life Extension (BOLE) for Space Launch System (SLS)" (PDF). NASA Technical Reports Server. NASA. Archived (PDF) from the original on 15 November 2019. Retrieved 15 November 2019. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
Tobias, Mark E.; Griffin, David R.; McMillin, Joshua E.; Haws, Terry D.; Fuller, Micheal E. (27 April 2020). "Booster Obsolescence and Life Extension (BOLE) for Space Launch System (SLS)" (PDF). NASA Technical Reports Server. NASA. Archived (PDF) from the original on 27 January 2021. Retrieved 12 August 2021. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
"NASA'S SPACE LAUNCH SYSTEM BEGINS MOVING TO THE LAUNCH SITE" (PDF). NASA. 15 April 2020. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 October 2021. Retrieved 12 October 2021.
Batcha, Amelia L.; Williams, Jacob; Dawn, Timothy F.; Gutkowski, Jeffrey P.; Widner, Maxon V.; Smallwood, Sarah L.; Killeen, Brian J.; Williams, Elizabeth C.; Harpold, Robert E. (27 July 2020). "Artemis I Trajectory Design and Optimization" (PDF). NASA Technical Reports Server. NASA. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 September 2021. Retrieved 8 September 2021. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.

oig.nasa.gov

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"NASA'S MANAGEMENT OF THE ARTEMIS MISSIONS" (PDF). Office of Inspector General (United States). NASA. 15 November 2021. p. numbered page 23, PDF page 29. Archived (PDF) from the original on 15 November 2021. Retrieved 15 November 2021. SLS/Orion Production and Operating Costs Will Average Over $4 Billion Per Launch [...] We project the cost to fly a single SLS/Orion system through at least Artemis IV to be $4.1 billion per launch at a cadence of approximately one mission per year. Building and launching one Orion capsule costs approximately $1 billion, with an additional $300 million for the Service Module supplied by the ESA [...] In addition, we estimate the single-use SLS will cost $2.2 billion to produce, including two rocket stages, two solid rocket boosters, four RS-25 engines, and two stage adapters. Ground systems located at Kennedy where the launches will take place—the Vehicle Assembly Building, Crawler-Transporter, Mobile Launcher 1, Launch Pad, and Launch Control Center—are estimated to cost $568 million per year due to the large support structure that must be maintained. The $4.1 billion total cost represents production of the rocket and the operations needed to launch the SLS/Orion system including materials, labor, facilities, and overhead, but does not include any money spent either on prior development of the system or for next-generation technologies such as the SLS's Exploration Upper Stage, Orion's docking system, or Mobile Launcher 2. [...] The cost per launch was calculated as follows: $1 billion for the Orion based on information provided by ESD officials and NASA OIG analysis; $300 million for the ESA's Service Module based on the value of a barter agreement between ESA and the United States in which ESA provides the service modules in exchange for offsetting its ISS responsibilities; $2.2 billion for the SLS based on program budget submissions and analysis of contracts; and $568 million for EGS costs related to the SLS/Orion launch as provided by ESD officials.
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jpl.nasa.gov

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@NASAGroundSys (2 October 2024). "The results are in… *drumroll* 🥁
Core stage weighs a total of 215,910 pounds! When full of propellant, core stage will weigh over 2 million pounds.
Using the Vehicle Assembly Building high bay crane and a secondary crane, Exploration Ground Systems teams lifted the @NASA_SLS core stage for @NASAArtemis II approximately 6 inches from its current mounts. Teams repeated the lift, weighing the core stage twice to ensure an exact weight reading was achieved" (Tweet). Retrieved 3 October 2024 – via Twitter.

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