Spacetime (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Spacetime" in English language version.

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21web.archive.org

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aps.org

journals.aps.org

Feng, W.X. (3 August 2022). "Gravothermal phase transition, black holes and space dimensionality". Physical Review D. 106 (4): L041501. arXiv:2207.14317. Bibcode:2022PhRvD.106d1501F. doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.106.L041501. S2CID 251196731.

link.aps.org

Scargill, J. H. C. (26 February 2020). "Existence of life in 2 + 1 dimensions". Physical Review Research. 2 (1): 013217. arXiv:1906.05336. Bibcode:2020PhRvR...2a3217S. doi:10.1103/PhysRevResearch.2.013217. S2CID 211734117.

archive.org

Taylor, Edwin F.; Wheeler, John Archibald (1992). Spacetime Physics: Introduction to Special Relativity (2nd ed.). San Francisco, California: Freeman. ISBN 0-7167-0336-X. Retrieved 14 April 2017.
Pais, Abraham (1982). 'Subtle is the Lord–': The Science and the Life of Albert Einstein (11th ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-853907-X.
Galison, Peter (2003). Einstein's Clocks, Poincaré's Maps: Empires of Time. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, Inc. pp. 13–47. ISBN 0-393-02001-0.
Isaacson, Walter (2007). Einstein: His Life and Universe. Simon & Schuster. pp. 26–27, 122–127, 145–146, 345–349, 448–460. ISBN 978-0-7432-6473-0.
Ratcliffe, J. G. (1994). "Hyperbolic geometry". Foundations of Hyperbolic Manifolds. New York. pp. 56–104. ISBN 0-387-94348-X.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
Bais, Sander (2007). Very Special Relativity: An Illustrated Guide. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-02611-7.
Morin, David (2008). Introduction to Classical Mechanics: With Problems and Solutions. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-87622-3.
Taylor, Edwin F.; Wheeler, John Archibald (1992). Spacetime Physics: Introduction to Special Relativity (2nd ed.). San Francisco, California: Freeman. ISBN 0-7167-0336-X. Retrieved 14 April 2017.
Lorentz, H. A.; Einstein, A.; Minkowski, H.; Weyl, H. (1952). The Principle of Relativity: A Collection of Original Memoirs on the Special and General Theory of Relativity. Dover Publications. ISBN 0-486-60081-5. {{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
Mook, Delo E.; Vargish, Thoma s (1987). Inside Relativity. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-08472-6.

archive.today

Rynasiewicz, Robert (12 August 2004). "Newton's Views on Space, Time, and Motion". Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University. Archived from the original on 16 July 2012. Retrieved 24 March 2017.
Walter, Scott A. (2007). "Breaking in the 4-vectors: the four-dimensional movement in gravitation, 1905–1910". In Renn, Jürgen; Schemmel, Matthias (eds.). The Genesis of General Relativity, Volume 3. Berlin, Germany: Springer. pp. 193–252. Archived from the original on 28 May 2024. Retrieved 15 July 2017.

arxiv.org

Scherr, Rachel E.; Shaffer, Peter S.; Vokos, Stamatis (July 2001). "Student understanding of time in special relativity: Simultaneity and reference frames" (PDF). American Journal of Physics. 69 (S1). College Park, Maryland: American Association of Physics Teachers: S24 – S35. arXiv:physics/0207109. Bibcode:2001AmJPh..69S..24S. doi:10.1119/1.1371254. S2CID 8146369. Archived (PDF) from the original on 28 September 2018. Retrieved 11 April 2017.
Weinstein, Galina (2012). "Max Born, Albert Einstein and Hermann Minkowski's Space–Time Formalism of Special Relativity". arXiv:1210.6929 [physics.hist-ph].
Kastrup, H. A. (2008). "On the advancements of conformal transformations and their associated symmetries in geometry and theoretical physics". Annalen der Physik. 520 (9–10): 631–690. arXiv:0808.2730. Bibcode:2008AnP...520..631K. doi:10.1002/andp.200810324. S2CID 12020510.
Byers, Nina (1998). "E. Noether's Discovery of the Deep Connection Between Symmetries and Conservation Laws". arXiv:physics/9807044.
Deser, S. (1970). "Self-Interaction and Gauge Invariance". General Relativity and Gravitation. 1 (18): 9–8. arXiv:gr-qc/0411023. Bibcode:1970GReGr...1....9D. doi:10.1007/BF00759198. S2CID 14295121.
Strominger, Andrew (2017). "Lectures on the Infrared Structure of Gravity and Gauge Theory". arXiv:1703.05448 [hep-th]. ...redacted transcript of a course given by the author at Harvard in spring semester 2016. It contains a pedagogical overview of recent developments connecting the subjects of soft theorems, the memory effect and asymptotic symmetries in four-dimensional QED, nonabelian gauge theory and gravity with applications to black holes. To be published Princeton University Press, 158 pages.
Tegmark, Max (1 April 1997). "On the dimensionality of spacetime". Classical and Quantum Gravity. 14 (4): L69 – L75. arXiv:gr-qc/9702052. Bibcode:1997CQGra..14L..69T. doi:10.1088/0264-9381/14/4/002. ISSN 0264-9381. S2CID 250904081.
Tegmark, Max (April 1997). "On the dimensionality of spacetime" (PDF). Classical and Quantum Gravity. 14 (4): L69 – L75. arXiv:gr-qc/9702052. Bibcode:1997CQGra..14L..69T. doi:10.1088/0264-9381/14/4/002. S2CID 15694111. Retrieved 16 December 2006.
Feng, W.X. (3 August 2022). "Gravothermal phase transition, black holes and space dimensionality". Physical Review D. 106 (4): L041501. arXiv:2207.14317. Bibcode:2022PhRvD.106d1501F. doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.106.L041501. S2CID 251196731.
Scargill, J. H. C. (26 February 2020). "Existence of life in 2 + 1 dimensions". Physical Review Research. 2 (1): 013217. arXiv:1906.05336. Bibcode:2020PhRvR...2a3217S. doi:10.1103/PhysRevResearch.2.013217. S2CID 211734117.

bnf.fr

gallica.bnf.fr

Cartan, É.; Fano, G. (1955) [1915]. "La théorie des groupes continus et la géométrie". Encyclopédie des Sciences Mathématiques Pures et Appliquées. 3 (1): 39–43. Archived from the original on 23 March 2018. Retrieved 6 April 2018. (Only pages 1–21 were published in 1915, the entire article including pp. 39–43 concerning the groups of Laguerre and Lorentz was posthumously published in 1955 in Cartan's collected papers, and was reprinted in the Encyclopédie in 1991.)

books.google.com

Schutz, Bernard (2004). Gravity from the Ground Up: An Introductory Guide to Gravity and General Relativity (Reprint ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-45506-5. Archived from the original on 17 January 2023. Retrieved 24 May 2017.
Fock, V. (1966). The Theory of Space, Time and Gravitation (2nd ed.). New York: Pergamon Press Ltd. p. 33. ISBN 0-08-010061-9. Retrieved 14 October 2023.
Hughes, Stefan (2013). Catchers of the Light: Catching Space: Origins, Lunar, Solar, Solar System and Deep Space. Paphos, Cyprus: ArtDeCiel Publishing. pp. 202–233. ISBN 978-1-4675-7992-6. Archived from the original on 17 January 2023. Retrieved 7 April 2017.
Ray d'Inverno; James Vickers (2022). Introducing Einstein's Relativity: A Deeper Understanding (illustrated ed.). Oxford University Press. pp. 26–28. ISBN 978-0-19-886202-4. Extract of page 27
Mould, Richard A. (1994). Basic Relativity (1st ed.). Springer. p. 42. ISBN 978-0-387-95210-9. Retrieved 22 April 2017.
Lerner, Lawrence S. (1997). Physics for Scientists and Engineers, Volume 2 (1st ed.). Jones & Bartlett Pub. p. 1047. ISBN 978-0-7637-0460-5. Retrieved 22 April 2017.
Forshaw, Jeffrey; Smith, Gavin (2014). Dynamics and Relativity. John Wiley & Sons. p. 118. ISBN 978-1-118-93329-9. Retrieved 24 April 2017.
Griffiths, David J. (2013). Revolutions in Twentieth-Century Physics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 60. ISBN 978-1-107-60217-5. Retrieved 24 May 2017.

bourbaphy.fr

Darrigol, O. (2005), "The Genesis of the theory of relativity" (PDF), Séminaire Poincaré, 1: 1–22, Bibcode:2006eins.book....1D, doi:10.1007/3-7643-7436-5_1, ISBN 978-3-7643-7435-8, archived (PDF) from the original on 28 February 2008, retrieved 17 July 2017

bu.edu

Stachel, John (2005). "Fresnel's (Dragging) Coefficient as a Challenge to 19th Century Optics of Moving Bodies." (PDF). In Kox, A. J.; Eisenstaedt, Jean (eds.). The Universe of General Relativity. Boston, Massachusetts: Birkhäuser. pp. 1–13. ISBN 0-8176-4380-X. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 April 2017.

doi.org

Scherr, Rachel E.; Shaffer, Peter S.; Vokos, Stamatis (July 2001). "Student understanding of time in special relativity: Simultaneity and reference frames" (PDF). American Journal of Physics. 69 (S1). College Park, Maryland: American Association of Physics Teachers: S24 – S35. arXiv:physics/0207109. Bibcode:2001AmJPh..69S..24S. doi:10.1119/1.1371254. S2CID 8146369. Archived (PDF) from the original on 28 September 2018. Retrieved 11 April 2017.
Darrigol, O. (2005), "The Genesis of the theory of relativity" (PDF), Séminaire Poincaré, 1: 1–22, Bibcode:2006eins.book....1D, doi:10.1007/3-7643-7436-5_1, ISBN 978-3-7643-7435-8, archived (PDF) from the original on 28 February 2008, retrieved 17 July 2017
Poincare, Henri (1906). "On the Dynamics of the Electron (Sur la dynamique de l'électron)". Rendiconti del Circolo Matematico di Palermo. 21: 129–176. Bibcode:1906RCMP...21..129P. doi:10.1007/bf03013466. hdl:2027/uiug.30112063899089. S2CID 120211823. Archived from the original on 11 July 2017. Retrieved 15 July 2017.
Einstein, Albert (1905). "On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies ( Zur Elektrodynamik bewegter Körper)". Annalen der Physik. 322 (10): 891–921. Bibcode:1905AnP...322..891E. doi:10.1002/andp.19053221004. Archived from the original on 6 November 2018. Retrieved 7 April 2018.
Galison, Peter Louis (1979). "Minkowski's space–time: From visual thinking to the absolute world". Historical Studies in the Physical Sciences. 10: 85–121. doi:10.2307/27757388. JSTOR 27757388.
Kastrup, H. A. (2008). "On the advancements of conformal transformations and their associated symmetries in geometry and theoretical physics". Annalen der Physik. 520 (9–10): 631–690. arXiv:0808.2730. Bibcode:2008AnP...520..631K. doi:10.1002/andp.200810324. S2CID 12020510.
Rose, H. H. (21 April 2008). "Optics of high-performance electron microscopes". Science and Technology of Advanced Materials. 9 (1): 014107. Bibcode:2008STAdM...9a4107R. doi:10.1088/0031-8949/9/1/014107. PMC 5099802. PMID 27877933.
Deser, S. (1970). "Self-Interaction and Gauge Invariance". General Relativity and Gravitation. 1 (18): 9–8. arXiv:gr-qc/0411023. Bibcode:1970GReGr...1....9D. doi:10.1007/BF00759198. S2CID 14295121.
Grishchuk, L. P.; Petrov, A. N.; Popova, A. D. (1984). "Exact Theory of the (Einstein) Gravitational Field in an Arbitrary Background Space–Time". Communications in Mathematical Physics. 94 (3): 379–396. Bibcode:1984CMaPh..94..379G. doi:10.1007/BF01224832. S2CID 120021772. Archived from the original on 25 February 2021. Retrieved 9 April 2018.
Rosen, N. (1940). "General Relativity and Flat Space I". Physical Review. 57 (2): 147–150. Bibcode:1940PhRv...57..147R. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.57.147.
Weinberg, S. (1964). "Derivation of Gauge Invariance and the Equivalence Principle from Lorentz Invariance of the S-Matrix". Physics Letters. 9 (4): 357–359. Bibcode:1964PhL.....9..357W. doi:10.1016/0031-9163(64)90396-8.
Bondi, H.; Van der Burg, M. G. J.; Metzner, A. (1962). "Gravitational waves in general relativity: VII. Waves from axisymmetric isolated systems". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London A. A269 (1336): 21–52. Bibcode:1962RSPSA.269...21B. doi:10.1098/rspa.1962.0161. S2CID 120125096.
Sachs, Rainer K. (1962). "Asymptotic symmetries in gravitational theory". Physical Review. 128 (6): 2851–2864. Bibcode:1962PhRv..128.2851S. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.128.2851.
Tegmark, Max (1 April 1997). "On the dimensionality of spacetime". Classical and Quantum Gravity. 14 (4): L69 – L75. arXiv:gr-qc/9702052. Bibcode:1997CQGra..14L..69T. doi:10.1088/0264-9381/14/4/002. ISSN 0264-9381. S2CID 250904081.
Skow, Bradford (2007). "What makes time different from space?" (PDF). Noûs. 41 (2): 227–252. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.404.7853. doi:10.1111/j.1468-0068.2007.00645.x. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 August 2016. Retrieved 13 April 2018.
Ehrenfest, Paul (1920). "Welche Rolle spielt die Dreidimensionalität des Raumes in den Grundgesetzen der Physik?" [How do the fundamental laws of physics make manifest that space has 3 dimensions?]. Annalen der Physik. 61 (5): 440–446. Bibcode:1920AnP...366..440E. doi:10.1002/andp.19203660503.. Also see Ehrenfest, P. (1917) "In what way does it become manifest in the fundamental laws of physics that space has three dimensions?" Proceedings of the Amsterdam academy 20:200.
Tangherlini, F. R. (1963). "Schwarzschild field in n dimensions and the dimensionality of space problem". Nuovo Cimento. 27 (3): 636–651. Bibcode:1963NCim...27..636T. doi:10.1007/BF02784569. S2CID 119683293.
Tegmark, Max (April 1997). "On the dimensionality of spacetime" (PDF). Classical and Quantum Gravity. 14 (4): L69 – L75. arXiv:gr-qc/9702052. Bibcode:1997CQGra..14L..69T. doi:10.1088/0264-9381/14/4/002. S2CID 15694111. Retrieved 16 December 2006.
Feng, W.X. (3 August 2022). "Gravothermal phase transition, black holes and space dimensionality". Physical Review D. 106 (4): L041501. arXiv:2207.14317. Bibcode:2022PhRvD.106d1501F. doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.106.L041501. S2CID 251196731.
Scargill, J. H. C. (26 February 2020). "Existence of life in 2 + 1 dimensions". Physical Review Research. 2 (1): 013217. arXiv:1906.05336. Bibcode:2020PhRvR...2a3217S. doi:10.1103/PhysRevResearch.2.013217. S2CID 211734117.

free.fr

scottwalter.free.fr

Walter, Scott A. (2007). "Breaking in the 4-vectors: the four-dimensional movement in gravitation, 1905–1910". In Renn, Jürgen; Schemmel, Matthias (eds.). The Genesis of General Relativity, Volume 3. Berlin, Germany: Springer. pp. 193–252. Archived from the original on 28 May 2024. Retrieved 15 July 2017.

gsu.edu

hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu

Nave, R. "Energetics of Charged Pion Decay". Hyperphysics. Department of Physics and Astronomy, Georgia State University. Archived from the original on 21 May 2017. Retrieved 27 May 2017.

handle.net

hdl.handle.net

Poincare, Henri (1906). "On the Dynamics of the Electron (Sur la dynamique de l'électron)". Rendiconti del Circolo Matematico di Palermo. 21: 129–176. Bibcode:1906RCMP...21..129P. doi:10.1007/bf03013466. hdl:2027/uiug.30112063899089. S2CID 120211823. Archived from the original on 11 July 2017. Retrieved 15 July 2017.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Scherr, Rachel E.; Shaffer, Peter S.; Vokos, Stamatis (July 2001). "Student understanding of time in special relativity: Simultaneity and reference frames" (PDF). American Journal of Physics. 69 (S1). College Park, Maryland: American Association of Physics Teachers: S24 – S35. arXiv:physics/0207109. Bibcode:2001AmJPh..69S..24S. doi:10.1119/1.1371254. S2CID 8146369. Archived (PDF) from the original on 28 September 2018. Retrieved 11 April 2017.
Darrigol, O. (2005), "The Genesis of the theory of relativity" (PDF), Séminaire Poincaré, 1: 1–22, Bibcode:2006eins.book....1D, doi:10.1007/3-7643-7436-5_1, ISBN 978-3-7643-7435-8, archived (PDF) from the original on 28 February 2008, retrieved 17 July 2017
Poincare, Henri (1906). "On the Dynamics of the Electron (Sur la dynamique de l'électron)". Rendiconti del Circolo Matematico di Palermo. 21: 129–176. Bibcode:1906RCMP...21..129P. doi:10.1007/bf03013466. hdl:2027/uiug.30112063899089. S2CID 120211823. Archived from the original on 11 July 2017. Retrieved 15 July 2017.
Einstein, Albert (1905). "On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies ( Zur Elektrodynamik bewegter Körper)". Annalen der Physik. 322 (10): 891–921. Bibcode:1905AnP...322..891E. doi:10.1002/andp.19053221004. Archived from the original on 6 November 2018. Retrieved 7 April 2018.
Kastrup, H. A. (2008). "On the advancements of conformal transformations and their associated symmetries in geometry and theoretical physics". Annalen der Physik. 520 (9–10): 631–690. arXiv:0808.2730. Bibcode:2008AnP...520..631K. doi:10.1002/andp.200810324. S2CID 12020510.
Rose, H. H. (21 April 2008). "Optics of high-performance electron microscopes". Science and Technology of Advanced Materials. 9 (1): 014107. Bibcode:2008STAdM...9a4107R. doi:10.1088/0031-8949/9/1/014107. PMC 5099802. PMID 27877933.
Deser, S. (1970). "Self-Interaction and Gauge Invariance". General Relativity and Gravitation. 1 (18): 9–8. arXiv:gr-qc/0411023. Bibcode:1970GReGr...1....9D. doi:10.1007/BF00759198. S2CID 14295121.
Grishchuk, L. P.; Petrov, A. N.; Popova, A. D. (1984). "Exact Theory of the (Einstein) Gravitational Field in an Arbitrary Background Space–Time". Communications in Mathematical Physics. 94 (3): 379–396. Bibcode:1984CMaPh..94..379G. doi:10.1007/BF01224832. S2CID 120021772. Archived from the original on 25 February 2021. Retrieved 9 April 2018.
Rosen, N. (1940). "General Relativity and Flat Space I". Physical Review. 57 (2): 147–150. Bibcode:1940PhRv...57..147R. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.57.147.
Weinberg, S. (1964). "Derivation of Gauge Invariance and the Equivalence Principle from Lorentz Invariance of the S-Matrix". Physics Letters. 9 (4): 357–359. Bibcode:1964PhL.....9..357W. doi:10.1016/0031-9163(64)90396-8.
Bondi, H.; Van der Burg, M. G. J.; Metzner, A. (1962). "Gravitational waves in general relativity: VII. Waves from axisymmetric isolated systems". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London A. A269 (1336): 21–52. Bibcode:1962RSPSA.269...21B. doi:10.1098/rspa.1962.0161. S2CID 120125096.
Sachs, Rainer K. (1962). "Asymptotic symmetries in gravitational theory". Physical Review. 128 (6): 2851–2864. Bibcode:1962PhRv..128.2851S. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.128.2851.
Tegmark, Max (1 April 1997). "On the dimensionality of spacetime". Classical and Quantum Gravity. 14 (4): L69 – L75. arXiv:gr-qc/9702052. Bibcode:1997CQGra..14L..69T. doi:10.1088/0264-9381/14/4/002. ISSN 0264-9381. S2CID 250904081.
Ehrenfest, Paul (1920). "Welche Rolle spielt die Dreidimensionalität des Raumes in den Grundgesetzen der Physik?" [How do the fundamental laws of physics make manifest that space has 3 dimensions?]. Annalen der Physik. 61 (5): 440–446. Bibcode:1920AnP...366..440E. doi:10.1002/andp.19203660503.. Also see Ehrenfest, P. (1917) "In what way does it become manifest in the fundamental laws of physics that space has three dimensions?" Proceedings of the Amsterdam academy 20:200.
Tangherlini, F. R. (1963). "Schwarzschild field in n dimensions and the dimensionality of space problem". Nuovo Cimento. 27 (3): 636–651. Bibcode:1963NCim...27..636T. doi:10.1007/BF02784569. S2CID 119683293.
Tegmark, Max (April 1997). "On the dimensionality of spacetime" (PDF). Classical and Quantum Gravity. 14 (4): L69 – L75. arXiv:gr-qc/9702052. Bibcode:1997CQGra..14L..69T. doi:10.1088/0264-9381/14/4/002. S2CID 15694111. Retrieved 16 December 2006.
Feng, W.X. (3 August 2022). "Gravothermal phase transition, black holes and space dimensionality". Physical Review D. 106 (4): L041501. arXiv:2207.14317. Bibcode:2022PhRvD.106d1501F. doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.106.L041501. S2CID 251196731.
Scargill, J. H. C. (26 February 2020). "Existence of life in 2 + 1 dimensions". Physical Review Research. 2 (1): 013217. arXiv:1906.05336. Bibcode:2020PhRvR...2a3217S. doi:10.1103/PhysRevResearch.2.013217. S2CID 211734117.

jstor.org

Galison, Peter Louis (1979). "Minkowski's space–time: From visual thinking to the absolute world". Historical Studies in the Physical Sciences. 10: 85–121. doi:10.2307/27757388. JSTOR 27757388.

libretexts.org

phys.libretexts.org

Idema, Timon (17 April 2019). "Mechanics and Relativity. Chapter 4.3: Reference Frames". LibreTexts Physics. California State University Affordable Learning Solutions Program. Retrieved 6 July 2024.

lindahall.org

"George Francis FitzGerald". The Linda Hall Library. Archived from the original on 17 January 2023. Retrieved 13 August 2022.

mit.edu

web.mit.edu

Skow, Bradford (2007). "What makes time different from space?" (PDF). Noûs. 41 (2): 227–252. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.404.7853. doi:10.1111/j.1468-0068.2007.00645.x. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 August 2016. Retrieved 13 April 2018.

space.mit.edu

Tegmark, Max (April 1997). "On the dimensionality of spacetime" (PDF). Classical and Quantum Gravity. 14 (4): L69 – L75. arXiv:gr-qc/9702052. Bibcode:1997CQGra..14L..69T. doi:10.1088/0264-9381/14/4/002. S2CID 15694111. Retrieved 16 December 2006.

nih.gov

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Rose, H. H. (21 April 2008). "Optics of high-performance electron microscopes". Science and Technology of Advanced Materials. 9 (1): 014107. Bibcode:2008STAdM...9a4107R. doi:10.1088/0031-8949/9/1/014107. PMC 5099802. PMID 27877933.

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Rose, H. H. (21 April 2008). "Optics of high-performance electron microscopes". Science and Technology of Advanced Materials. 9 (1): 014107. Bibcode:2008STAdM...9a4107R. doi:10.1088/0031-8949/9/1/014107. PMC 5099802. PMID 27877933.

nobelprize.org

"The Nobel Prize in Physics 1902". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 23 June 2017. Retrieved 13 August 2022.

projecteuclid.org

Grishchuk, L. P.; Petrov, A. N.; Popova, A. D. (1984). "Exact Theory of the (Einstein) Gravitational Field in an Arbitrary Background Space–Time". Communications in Mathematical Physics. 94 (3): 379–396. Bibcode:1984CMaPh..94..379G. doi:10.1007/BF01224832. S2CID 120021772. Archived from the original on 25 February 2021. Retrieved 9 April 2018.

psu.edu

citeseerx.ist.psu.edu

Skow, Bradford (2007). "What makes time different from space?" (PDF). Noûs. 41 (2): 227–252. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.404.7853. doi:10.1111/j.1468-0068.2007.00645.x. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 August 2016. Retrieved 13 April 2018.

researchgate.net

Lawden, D. F. (1982). Introduction to Tensor Calculus, Relativity and Cosmology (3rd ed.). Mineola, New York: Dover Publications. p. 7. ISBN 978-0-486-42540-5.

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