Spanish invasion of Portugal (1762) (English Wikipedia)

"In this offensive would participate the most distinguished of the Bourbon army, newly reformed; and, as officers, the brightest students graduated from the modern military academies established a few decades ago in Barcelona, Segovia and Madrid, following the dictates of the enlightened science of the time (...)." See «De Espanha, nem bom vento nem bom casamento». La guerra como determinante de las difíciles relaciones entre las dos Coronas Ibéricas en la Península y en América. 1640–1808 Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine (in Spanish, pp. 29–111) in Anais de História de além-mar, Vol X, Juan Marchena Fernandez, 2009, Anais de História de além-mar, p. 71.
«De Espanha, nem bom vento nem bom casamento». La guerra como determinante de las difíciles relaciones entre las dos Coronas Ibéricas en la Península y en América. 1640–1808 Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine (in Spanish, pp. 29–111) in Anais de História de além-mar, Vol X, Juan Marchena Fernandez, 2009, Anais de História de além-mar, p. 71.

acadhistoria.com.br

Bento, Cláudio Moreira- Rafael Pinto Bandeira in O Tuiuti Archived 22 February 2015 at the Wayback Machine, nr. 95, Academia de Historia Militar Terrestre do Brasil, 2013, pp. 3–18.

ahimtb.org.br

Bento, Cláudio Moreira- Brasil, conflitos externos 1500–1945 Archived 14 January 2012 at the Wayback Machine (electronic version), Academia de História Militar Terrestre do Brasil, chapter 5: As guerras no Sul 1763–77.

altotejo.org

A study on some of these defensive constructions can be found in Monteiro, Mário; Pereira, André – O Forte das Batarias Sobre a Ribeira do Alvito Archived 21 December 2014 at the Wayback Machine, AÇAFA On Line, nr. 1, 2008 Associação de Estudos do Alto Tejo.

archive.org

Azevedo, J. Lúcio de – O Marquês de Pombal e a sua época, 2nd edition, Annuário do Brasil, Rio de Janeiro, p. 237 Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine.
Chlosser, Friedrich (translated by D. Davison, M. A.) – History of the Eighteenth Century and of the Nineteenth Till the Overthrow of the French Empire (1843), Vol. IV, Chapman and Hall, London, 1845, pp. 252–53.
Azevedo, J. Lúcio de – O Marquês de Pombal e a sua época, 2nd edition, Annuário do Brasil, Rio de Janeiro, p. 239.
"... In testimony to the cruel reality were the devastated fields, by order of the government, to embarrass the invasion by hunger, and along roadsides, the bones of the Spaniards slaughtered by the rural people..." In Azevedo, J. Lúcio de – O Marquês de Pombal e a sua época (in Portuguese), 2nd edition, Annuário do Brasil, Rio de Janeiro, p. 241 Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine.
In Azevedo, J. Lúcio de – O Marquês de Pombal e a sua época, 2nd edition, Annuário do Brasil, Rio de Janeiro, p. 241.

archive.today

Ponce, José Luis Terrón – La Casaca y la Toga: Luces y sombras de la reforma militar en el reinado de Carlos III Archived 2014-07-07 at archive.today, Institut Menorquí d'Estudis, Mahón, 2011, Chapter 2: La campaña de Portugal en 1762, pp.11–21 Archived 2014-07-14 at the Wayback Machine, p. 13.
"Altogether, it was possible to collect an army of 40,000 men (p. 11)... With the army, by then reduced to 20,000 men... completely devoid of food, [Aranda] could do little (p.14)." In Ponce – La Casaca y la Toga: Luces y sombras de la reforma militar en el reinado de Carlos III Archived 2014-07-07 at archive.today, Institut Menorquí d'Estudis, Mahón, 2011, Chapter 2: La campaña de Portugal en 1762, pp.11–21 Archived 2014-07-14 at the Wayback Machine.
Reflexiones Histórico-Militares que manifiestan los Motivos Porque se Mantiene Portugal Reino Independiente de España y Generalmente Desgraciadas Nuestras Empresas y que Lo Serán Mientras No se Tomen Otras Disposiciones, Borzas, 28 November 1772; cited in José Tertón Ponce – La Casaca y la Toga: Luces y sombras de la reforma militar en el reinado de Carlos III Archived 2014-07-07 at archive.today, Institut Menorquí d'Estudis, Mahón, 2011, La campaña de Portugal en 1762, pp.11–21 Archived 29 January 2016 at the Wayback Machine, p.21.
Cited in José Tertón Ponce – La Casaca y la Toga: Luces y sombras de la reforma militar en el reinado de Carlos III Archived 2014-07-07 at archive.today, Institut Menorquí d'Estudis, Mahón, 2011, Chapter 2: La campaña de Portugal en 1762, pp.11–21 Archived 2014-07-14 at the Wayback Machine, p.21.
Ponce, José Luis Terrón – Ejército y Política en La España de Carlos III Archived 2014-07-07 at archive.today, vol. 37, de Collectión Adalid, Ministerio de Defensa, Secretaria General Técnica, 1997, p. 23 or page 5 ""la desastrosa expedición contra Portugal" - Pesquisa Google". Archived from the original on 14 August 2021. Retrieved 5 October 2014.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) of chapter La Monarquia Militar, part I: El Hecho Militar Durante El Reinado De Carlos III, La Situación del Ejército Y Su Reforma (in the electronic edition).

books.google.com

"The army was in no better shape. Only 8,000 effective [Portuguese] soldiers stood in the face of the coming Spanish onslaught. They wore 'rags and patches' and begged in the streets, as they received little or no pay from the central government." In Speelman, Patrick and Danley, Mark – The Seven Years' War: Global Views Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, 2012, p. 436 Archived 11 January 2020 at the Wayback Machine.
"The British troops which embarked for Lisbon under their veteran commander consisted of 7, 104 officers and men of al arms [official figures when boarding in Britain]. This force had been dispatched in consequence of the threatening attitude of France and Spain towards Portugal, whose monarch had declined to enter into an alliance with the above two powers in order to 'curb the pride of the British nation which aspired to become despotic over the sea'." In Dalton, Charles- 1714–1727 Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, Vol. II, 1912, p. 31 Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine
"All told the British forces in Portugal numbered roughly 7,000 men." In Speelman, Patrick and Danley, Mark – The Seven Years' War: Global Views Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, 2012, p. 440 Archived 12 January 2020 at the Wayback Machine.
Letter XLIV, from a British captain: "Lisbon, 1779... Dear brother (p. 409)... after comparing every thing, after visiting the frontiers of the two kingdoms, (as I have endeavoured to do with something of a critical eye) to me it appears that a successful invasion of Portugal from Spain, at least as circumstances at present stand, would be so exceedingly probable, or rather certain, that I find it very difficult to account for the miscarriage of their last attempt upon it in 1762 (page 415)... an army consisting of at least 30,000 men, with 10 or 12,000 French auxiliaries, and a large park of artillery...collected at a great expense from Catalonia and the farthest parts of the Kingdom...establishing large magazines in different parts of the frontiers...it is astonishing that with such a shadow of an army to oppose them (p. 416)...", in Costigan, Arthur W. – Sketches of Society and Manners in Portugal Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, vol. II, London, 1787, pp. 409–416.
"This operation was without doubt the greatest mobilisation of troops on mainland Spain throughout the whole eighteenth century, and the figures themselves bear witness to the government's interest in the operation...and meant leaving the rest of mainland Spain largely unguarded...by way of comparison, the battle of Almansa of 1707...involved a Spanish-French army of over 25,000 men...while the famous attack on Algiers in 1775 involved a mobilisation of little more than 19,000 infantry and cavalry men..." in Enciso, Agustín González (Spanish) – "Mobilising Resources for War: Britain and Spain at Work During the Early Modern Period" Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, Eunsa, Ediciones Universidad de Navarra, S.A., Spain, 2006, p. 159 Archived 21 January 2020 at the Wayback Machine, ISBN 9788431323844.
"A Campaign won without the major casualties of battle or incurring many losses other than those of sickness." In Journal of the Society for Army Historical Research Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, vol. 59, London, 1981, p. 25 Archived 8 January 2020 at the Wayback Machine
"British casualties were light overall – there were fourteen combat deaths compared to 804 from other means..." In Speelman, Patrick and Danley, Mark – The Seven Years' War: Global Views Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, 2012, p. 448 Archived 29 October 2018 at the Wayback Machine
Eduard Hay, British ambassador in Portugal (letter to the 2nd Earl of Egremont, 8 November 1762) reported a total of 30,000 Franco-Spanish casualties during the first two invasions of Portugal (half of them deserters, many of whom starved to death or died of disease or became prisoners), representing almost three-quarters of the initial invading army. See British Scholar C. R. Boxer in Descriptive List of the State Papers Portugal, 1661–1780, in the Public Record Office, London: 1724–1765 Archived 6 January 2020 at the Wayback Machine, Vol II, Lisbon, Academia das Ciências de Lisboa, with the collaboration of the British Academy and the P.R.O., 1979, p. 415. See also COSTA, Fernando Dores- Nova História Militar de Portugal Archived 20 January 2020 at the Wayback Machine, Círculo de Leitores, Vol. II, Coordinator: António Hespanha, 2004, p. 358, footnote 280.
"Disappointed, facing incredible resistance and losing everything in the field, the Spaniards abandoned the fight and left behind twenty-five thousand men ..." In Henry, Isabelle – Dumouriez: Général de la Révolution (1739–1823) Archived 8 March 2021 at the Wayback Machine, L'Harmattan, Paris, 2002, p. 87 Archived 8 August 2017 at the Wayback Machine.
In Morell, Thomas – Studies in History, vol. II, London, 1821, p. 373 Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine.
"Boscawen had defeated the French fleet off the Portuguese coast. The French commander took refuge in Lagos after losing five of his ships on the coast of the Algarve. The French at once began to demand satisfaction, and Pitt sent Lord Kinnoull on a special mission to Lisbon to offer apologies." In Livermore, H. V. – A New History of Portugal Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, Cambridge University Press, London, 1969, p. 234.
"France's Foreign Minister, the Duc de Choiseul, had pressured Charles III of Spain to declare war against Britain, even as he was beginning secret negotiations with London to end the fighting". In York, Neil Longley – Turning the World Upside Down: The War of American Independence and the Problem of Empire, Praeger, London, 2003, p. 33.
"Spanish invasion of Portugal, an effort to block the British in Europe, also resulted in defeat for Spain." In Altagracia Ortiz – Eighteenth Century Reforms in the Caribbean Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, Fairleigh Dickinson Univ Press, 1983. p. 216, footnote 16.
Stein, Stanley and Stein, Barbara – Apogee of Empire: Spain and New Spain in the Age of Charles III, 1759–1789 ""English naval forces intercepted official correspondence" - Pesquisa Google". Archived from the original on 14 August 2021. Retrieved 4 July 2014.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2004, chapter The Trauma of Havana, 1762–1765.
Pack, S. W. – Sea Power in the Mediterranean: A Study of the Struggle for sea power in the Mediterranean from the Seventeenth Century to the Present Day, Arthur Barker Limited, 1971, p. 68 Archived 21 March 2017 at the Wayback Machine.
In Carnota, John Smith A. – The Marquis of Pombal Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, 2nd edition, Longmans, Green, Reader, and Dyer, London, 1871. p. 187.
"One of the main aims of the two great Bourbon powers, in the making of the Family Compact, had been to attack Portugal, in order either to compel England to send a large part of its troops to that country, or to take possession of it..."; in Philippson, Martin – The Age of Frederick the Great Archived 19 August 2017 at the Wayback Machine, vol. XV, Lea Brothers and & company, Philadelphia, 1905, p. 103. Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine
Clark, Edward – Letters concerning the Spanish nation Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, London, 1763, p.353.
Livermore, H. V. – A History of Portugal Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, Cambridge University Press, London, 1947, p. 359 Archived 6 September 2017 at the Wayback Machine.
According to Dumouriez in An Account of Portugal, as it Appeared in 1766 to Dumouriez, Lausanne (1775), and London (1797), p. 103.
According to Dumouriez in An Account of Portugal, as it Appeared in 1766 to Dumouriez Archived 13 December 2014 at the Wayback Machine, Lausanne (1775), and London (1797), p. 244 Archived 13 December 2014 at the Wayback Machine.
In Dellon, Gabriel (and other authors)– Portugal nos Séculos Dezassete e Dezoito: Quatro Testemunhos Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, Lisóptima Edições, 1989, p. 157. (in Portuguese).
Shaw, L. M. – The Anglo-Portuguese alliance and the English merchants in Portugal, 1654–1810, Ashgate, 1998, p. 193 ""free her from 'the heavy shackles of Britannic dominion'. " - Pesquisa Google". Archived from the original on 14 August 2021. Retrieved 4 July 2014.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link).
Speelman, Patrick and Danley, Mark – The Seven Years' War: Global Views Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, 2012, p. 438 Archived 30 August 2020 at the Wayback Machine.
"The Province was absolutely defenceless without soldiers, arms, powder, ball or provisions, and it was impossible to paint the scandalous conditions of the defences." In Francis, Alan David – Portugal 1715–1808 Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, Tamesis Books Limited, London, 1985, p.150 Archived 13 September 2018 at the Wayback Machine.
Dumouriez, Charles – An Account of Portugal, as it Appeared in 1766 to Dumouriez, Lausanne (1775), and London (1797), p. 249 Archived 30 August 2020 at the Wayback Machine.
Francis, Alan David, Portugal 1715–1808 Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, 1985, p. 150.
Speelman, Patrick and Danley, Mark- The Seven Years' War: Global Views Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, 2012, p. 439.
Maxwell, Kenneth – Pombal, Paradox of the Enlightenment Archived 6 May 2021 at the Wayback Machine, University Press, Cambridge, 1995, p. 113 Archived 5 May 2021 at the Wayback Machine.
Martin, Benjamin – Miscellaneous Correspondence Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, vol. IV, London, 1764, p. 904.
See Dumouriez, Charles – An Account of Portugal, as it Appeared in 1766 to Dumouriez Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, Lausanne (1775), and London (1797), p. 18.
Lafuente, Modesto – Historia General de España Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, tome XX, third part, 8th book, Madrid, 1858, p. 55.
Speelman, Patrick and Danley, Mark – The Seven Years' War: Global Views Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, 2012, p. 439.
Speelman, Patrick and Danley, Mark – The Seven Years' War: Global Views Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, 2012, p. 439.
Journal of the Society for Army Historical research, vol. 59, London, 1981, p. 25 Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine.
Dumouriez, Charles – An Account of Portugal, as it Appeared in 1766 to Dumouriez, Lausanne (1775), and London (1797), chapter 3, p.p 18-19.
Dumouriez, Charles – An Account of Portugal, as it Appeared in 1766 to Dumouriez Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, Lausanne (1775), and London (1797), Chapter VIII, p. 249.
In Le Nouvelliste Suiss Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, July 1762, Newchatel, p. 277 Archived 29 July 2018 at the Wayback Machine.
The London Chronicle for The Year 1762 ""in their attempt to take it by ' a coup de main, have lost, it is said, 600 ' men" - Pesquisa Google". Archived from the original on 14 August 2021. Retrieved 3 August 2014.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link), Vol. XII (from 30 June, to 31 December), number 86 (from 29 June to 1 July), p. 6.
The London Chronicler, or Universal evening Post Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine (for the year of 1762), vol. XII, nr. 86 (from Tuesday, 29 June, to Thursday, 1 July 1762), London, p. 6 Archived 22 December 2014 at the Wayback Machine.
O'Callaghan, Edmund Bailey – Orderly Book of Lieut. Gen. Burgoyne, New York, 1860, Introduction, p. XIV.
"The Spanish failure in 1762 to exploit their early successes by a march to capture Oporto, the major town in Northern Portugal, proved operationally decisive." In Black, Jeremy – European Warfare in a Global Context, 1660–1815 Archived 9 September 2018 at the Wayback Machine, Routledge, 2007, p. 41.
Dumouriez, Charles – An Account of Portugal, as it Appeared in 1766 to Dumouriez Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, Lausanne (1775), and London (1797), chapter 3, p. 20.
Serrão, Joaquim Veríssimo – História de Portugal: O Despotismo Iluminado (1750–1807) Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, vol. VI da História de Portugal, Editorial Verbo, 1977, p.61.
Serrão, Joaquim Veríssimo – História de Portugal: O Despotismo Iluminado (1750–1807) Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, vol. VI da História de Portugal, Editorial verbo, 1977, p.61.
"This province [of Trás-os Montes] is not worth an attack in a war between Spain and Portugal; it is even dangerous for the Spaniards to penetrate into it, as they found to their cost in the late war; 40,000 men advanced to Chaves, Bragança and Miranda...and about a fourth of their number died there..." In Dumouriez, Charles – An Account of Portugal, as it Appeared in 1766 to Dumouriez Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, Lausanne (1775), and London (1797), p. 20 Archived 12 January 2020 at the Wayback Machine.
"...it was found that the Marquis of Marialva and the Field-Marshals Count of Angeja, Count of Arcos and José Leite de Sousa were approaching Lamego with 7 regiments, British forces and militias. If this force entered Trás-os Montes, it could divide the two wings of the Spanish army – that trying to reach Oporto through the mountains, and that trying to reach the left bank of the Douro – which was a huge risk." in Barrento, António – Guerra Fantástica, Portugal, o Conde de Lippe e a Guerra dos Sete Anos Archived 8 January 2020 at the Wayback Machine, Tribuna, Lisboa, 2006, pp. 55–56.
Academia Portuguesa da História- Anais Archived 19 July 2017 at the Wayback Machine, 1986, p. 396.
Masséna's Aide-de-camp (1810), cited in Pecchio, Giuseppe – Lettres Historiques et Politiques sur le Portugal, 1830, p. 303 Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine.
Journal of the Society for Army Historical Research ""the Portuguese had to stave off the first Spanish invasion on their own" - Pesquisa Google". Archived from the original on 14 August 2021. Retrieved 4 July 2014.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link), vol. 59, London, 1981, p. 25.
"In April, because the war with Portugal was going badly for the Spanish troops, he [Count of Aranda] was ordered to return to Spain..." in María-Dolores, Albiac Blanco – El Conde de Aranda: los Laberintos del Poder Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, Caja de Ahorros de la Inmaculada de Aragón, 1998, p. 67.
Alonso, José Ramon – Historia Política del Ejército Español, Editora Nacional, 1974, p. 49 Archived 28 November 2017 at the Wayback Machine.
The Gentleman's and London Magazine: Or Monthly Chronologer, 1741–1794 Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, year of 1762, p. 483.
"Count La Lippe, who was placed at the head of the allied forces, was one of the best soldiers of the age, and the Portuguese furnished a good raw material, although wretchedly equipped and officered. Nevertheless the heterogeneous body of English, Germans, and Portuguese collected under La Lippe made a very good fight of it, and Burgoyne, now a brigadier at the head of 3,000 cavalry, mostly Portuguese, distinguished himself...", in Cook, John D. and others – The Saturday Review of Politics, Literature, Science and Art Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, Vol. 41, John W. Parker and Son, 1876, p. 369.
"... he was a man born to command, of eccentric character but highly educated, and one of the most renowned engineer officers: he soon established an order and discipline amongst the Portuguese troops, which gave them the ability to contend successfully with the Spaniards in this campaign, and which entitles him to distinction in all military annals. The Citadel of Elvas still perpetuates his name to Portuguese gratitude, Fort Lippe...", in Cust, Edward- Annals of the Wars of the Eighteen Century Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, Vol. III (1760–1783), London, 1858, p.74.
"The [Anglo-Portuguese] allies won by adroit marches and counter-marches, so that although...the enemy, by superior numbers, could possibly have won, they were always confronted by defenders in a good position and never dared to risk an all-out attack. A Campaign won without the major casualties of battle [for the Anglo-Portuguese]". In Journal of the Society for Army Historical research Archived 8 October 2017 at the Wayback Machine, vol. 59, London, 1981, p. 25 Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine.
Philippson, Martin – The Age of Frederick the great Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, vol. 15, Lea Brothers & Company, 1905, p. 103 Archived 4 July 2017 at the Wayback Machine.
"The Bourbons... planned the invasion in three divisions: the first, in the north of Portugal, between the Minho and the Douro; the second, in the middle, between the Douro and the Tagus; and the third, to the south of the Tagus, to co-operate on that side with the middle corps in its attempt upon Lisbon. The northern division... commenced hostilities; entered the Portuguese province of Trás-os-Montes and..." in Bisset, Robert – The History of the Reign of George III Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, Vol. I, Philadelphia, 1822, p. 188.
"the Spanish invaded Tralos Montes, and had to retreat with 'loss'..." in Neale, John Mason – A History of Portugal Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, Joseph Masters, London, 1846, p. 220.
López, Emilio González – Bajo las luces de la Ilustración: Galicia en los reinados de Carlos III y Carlos IV ""pero las noticias que llegaron eran todo lo contrario" - Pesquisa Google". Archived from the original on 14 August 2021. Retrieved 21 September 2014.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link), Edic. Del Castro, 1977, page 22, ISBN 9788485134229.
Stein, Stanley and Stein, Barbara – Apogee of Empire: Spain and New Spain in the Age of Charles III, 1759–1789 Archived 26 July 2017 at the Wayback Machine, Johns Hopkins University Press, 2004, chapter Imperilled Colonies and Spain's Response ""Esquilache himself went to Portugal" - Pesquisa Google". Archived from the original on 14 August 2021. Retrieved 4 July 2014.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link).
Sir Charles Grey to Shelburne, cited in Nelson, Paul David – Sir Charles Grey, First Earl Grey, Royal Soldier, family Patriarch Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, Associated University Presses, USA, 1996, p. 26.
"Almeida, a key frontier town whose possession could open up the route to Lisbon, was in chaos. Its fortifications were second rate and its inhabitants terrified of Spanish aggression." In Speelman, Patrick and Danley, Mark – The Seven Years' War: Global Views Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, 2012, p. 437 Archived 20 December 2014 at the Wayback Machine.
Francis, Alan David, Portugal 1715–1808 Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, 1985, p. 150.
Lippe, Count of – Mémoire de la Campagne de Portugal de 1762 ""trois mille hommes; mais c'était des nouvelles levées, dont une partie considérable déserta" - Pesquisa Google". Archived from the original on 14 August 2021. Retrieved 26 September 2014.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link), 1770, page 6.
Costa, Fernando Dores – Nova História Militar de Portugal Archived 20 January 2020 at the Wayback Machine, Círculo de Leitores, Vol. II, Coordinator: António Hespanha, 2004, p. 339.
Speelman, Patrick and Danley, Mark – The Seven Years' War: Global Views ""against 24,000 Spanish and 8,000 French" - Pesquisa Google". Archived from the original on 14 August 2021. Retrieved 4 October 2014.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link), 2012, p. 446 Archived 29 October 2018 at the Wayback Machine.
"Aranda...attacked Almeida, and after a siege of nine days, forced the garrison of fifteen hundred men to surrender." In Coxe, William – España Bajo el Reinado de la Casa de Borbon Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, Tome IV, Establecimiento Tipográfico, Madrid, 1847, p. 122.
James, George – Lives of the most eminent foreign statesmen Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, vol. V, 1838, p.135.
"Although this war was undertaken entirely in the national interests, nay, in defence of the very existence of Portugal, it was viewed with disfavour by an influential if not a large portion of the population...Colonel Anderson, belonging to the British contingent, and serving on the staff of the Count of Santiago, writes to Burgoyne: -'you may depend upon receiving the best of intelligence of the enemy's motions; but hitherto the Conde de Santiago has found it very difficult to get good intelligence. It's odd, you'll say, when every peasant might reasonably be supposed to be a spy for him. These do not look on the Spaniards as their enemy; they think their cause the cause of the Jesuits and the cause of God. The people of condition, the Excellencies and the hidalgos have so insuperable a hatred to the minister, as to sacrifice their king, their country, and even their honour, to feed it. I have, however, the happiness here to be under as honest a man as ever lived [Portuguese commander Count of Santiago], with as good a heart as it is possible to imagine.'" In Edward Barrington de Fonblanque – Political and military episodes in the latter half of the nineteenth century Archived 4 April 2017 at the Wayback Machine, Macmillan and Co., London, 1876, pp. 36–37 Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine.
Foy, Maximilien – History of the War in the Peninsula, Under Napoleon Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, vol. I, London, 1827, p. 255.
Francis, Alan David, Portugal 1715–1808 Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, 1985, p. 150.
Godoy, Manuel – Memorias Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, Emilio La Parra López, Elisabel Larriba (editors), Publicaciones Universidad de Alicante, 2008, p. 756.
"These peasants they [the Spaniards] hanged and shot whenever they fell into their hands; and their incensed comrades committed, in return, the most merciless barbarities on their prisoners". In Cassel, John; Smith, John and Howitt, William – John Cassel's Illustrated History of England Archived 20 June 2018 at the Wayback Machine, vol. 5, London, 1861, p. 17 Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine.
Academia Portuguesa da História- Anais Archived 19 July 2017 at the Wayback Machine, 1986, p. 401.
Speelman, Patrick and Danley, Mark – The Seven Years' War: Global Views ""harass the Spanish on the flanks and rear" - Pesquisa Google". Archived from the original on 14 August 2021. Retrieved 4 October 2014.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link), 2012, p. 446 Archived 29 October 2018 at the Wayback Machine.
Lippe – Mémoire de la Campagne de Portugal de 1762 Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine. 1770, pages 44–45.
"... Portugal concentrated 15, 000 men [the complete Allied army consisted of 7,000 to 8,000 Portuguese plus 7,104 British] at the city of Abrantes and effectively barred the Spanish thrust. Then... the Spaniards` supply system failed, causing the troops to go hungry." In Santiago, Mark – The Red Captain: The Life of Hugo O'Conor, Commandant Inspector of the Interior Provinces of New Spain Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, Arizona historical Society, 1994, p. 14.
"To Burgoyne, who had embarked for the Tagus with his light horse, early in May, and who now held the local rank of Brigadier-General, the organization of his brigade of 3,000 men, of whom nearly two-thirds were Portuguese, must, in spite of his love of soldiering, have been an irksome task, (...)", in Political and military episodes in the latter half of the nineteenth century Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, Macmillan and Co., London, 1876, p.35 Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine.
"... mainly owing to the brilliant services of Brigadier-General Burgoyne, the Spaniards were defeated at Valencia de Alcántara and Vila Velha, and peace was made on 10th February 1763." In Encyclopædia Britannica: A-ZYM Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine (William Smith, Day Kellogg, Thomas Baynes), vol. XIX, 1903, p. 550.
Jeudwine, John – Religion, commerce, liberty: a record of a time of storm and change, 1683–1793 Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, Longmans, Green, 1925, p. 160.
Letter from the Allied commander (Earl of Loudoun) to the Earl of Egremont, Mação, 9 October 1762: "As soon as the enemy perceived our intention of drawing back, they pushed a corps over the river Alvito, to harass our rearguard, which was composed of the four English regiments, six companies of Portuguese grenadiers, a few of our light dragoons, and a regiment of Portuguese cavalry, with the four British field-pieces...but upon my ordering one of the guns to be brought up, which Major M. Bean conducted so effectually that hardly any shot was fired that did not take place among the enemy, they thought proper to retire...the country-people report, that they have buried 40 of the enemy. I can not omit mentioning to your Lordship that the Portuguese grenadiers showed upon this occasion, not only a very good countenance, but the utmost readiness and alertness in forming upon all the different occasions where it was necessary." In Boswell, James – The Scots Magazine, vol. XXIV, Edinburgh, 1762, p.551 Archived 11 September 2017 at the Wayback Machine.
"The attack was led by Lt. col. Charles Lee of the Dragoons of whom some, perhaps the majority, were Portuguese." In Francis, Alan David – Portugal 1715–1808 Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, Tamesis Books Limited, London, 1985, p.158 Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine.
Encyclopédie du dix-neuvième siècle ""En 1762, les Espagnols y furent défaits par les Portugais." - Pesquisa Google". Archived from the original on 14 August 2021. Retrieved 21 September 2014.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link), vol I, Paris, 1858, page 106.
Lippe – Mémoire de la Campagne de Portugal de 1762 Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine. 1770, pages 46- 47.
Oman, Charles – A History of the Peninsular War Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, vol III, Clarendon Press, 1908, p.183 Archived 18 August 2018 at the Wayback Machine, p.184 Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine and p. 185 Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine.
"... lower Beira could not provide for the enemy neither food, nor chariots nor peasants to build roads: the Count of Santiago had been ordered... to make disappear from this province everything that could be eaten or used as road; but what mainly contributed to the scarcity in the province was the cruel procedure of the enemy against the inhabitants, many of whom were killed, and their villages were looted and torched in revenge for the deaths caused by the peasants... thus, many inhabitants in order to escape the atrocities of the enemy, had left their homes, taking with them their cattle, food and whatever they could carry...", in Lippe, Count of – Mémoire de la Campagne de Portugal de 1762 ""faire retirer de cette province tout ce qui" - Pesquisa Google". Archived from the original on 14 August 2021. Retrieved 24 October 2014.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link), 1770, pp. 39–41.
Sardinha, António – A Questão Ibérica ""A segunda zona é a que mais directamente leva á peninsula de Lisboa;" - Pesquisa Google". Archived from the original on 14 August 2021. Retrieved 8 November 2014.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link), Almeida, Miranda & Sousa, 1916, p. 274.
Crowe Eyre Evans – The History of France ""the hilly country North of Lisbon" - Pesquisa Google". Archived from the original on 14 August 2021. Retrieved 8 November 2014.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link), vol. IV, 1866, p. 286.
Anderson, Fred – Crucible of War: The Seven Years` War and the Fate of Empire in British North America, 1754–1766 ""unable to secure their lines of communication, " - Pesquisa Google". Archived from the original on 14 August 2021. Retrieved 25 October 2014.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link), USA, 2001, p. 497.
Aspinall, Arthur – The Correspondence of George, Prince of Wales, 1770–1812 Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, Oxford University Press, 1971, p. 12.
Mémoire de la Campagne de Portugal de 1762 Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, 1770, page 48.
"And Aranda... ingloriously withdrew his discouraged and diminished army...", in Ward, Sir Adolphus and others – The Cambridge Modern History Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, vol. 6, 1909, p. 369.
Speelman, Patrick and Danley, Mark: "... the Spanish troops had retired to Spain as British detachments closely followed them to the frontier." In The Seven Years' War: Global Views Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, 2012, p. 448
"The frontier filled with Spanish deserters eager to be captured ...", in Speelman, Patrick and Danley, Mark – The Seven Years' War: Global Views Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, 2012, p. 452 Archived 29 October 2018 at the Wayback Machine.
Speelman, Patrick and Danley, Mark: "Captain John Fenton of the Buffs led a detachment that overtook the Spanish rearguard... and seized control of the Portuguese border town of Salvaterra." In The Seven Years' War: Global Views, 2012, p. 448.
Speelman, Patrick and Danley, Mark – The Seven Years' War: Global Views ""torched those who offered resistance" - Pesquisa Google". Archived from the original on 14 August 2021. Retrieved 24 July 2014.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link), 2012, p. 452.
"In the campaign of 1704... the combined forces of France and Spain were palsied in the midst of their success by topographical obstacles and the want of provisions. In 1762, on the same ground, the same obstacles stopped the Spanish army under the orders of Count d'Aranda, and the auxiliary corps, commanded by the Prince de Beauvau, and compelled them to retreat before troops inferior both in quality and numbers." In Foy, Maximilien Sébastian – History of the War in the Peninsula, under Napoleon, Vol. II, London, 1827, p.21.
His report on Portugal earned Dumouriez the rank of colonel in the French army (1772), a reward of 18,000 francs (1768), the rank of Aide-Maréchal-Général of the French invading army sent to Corsica (1768) and he received the personal thanks of French foreign minister, Choiseul, in a public audience (1768). He was also rewarded with the rank of lieutenant-colonel of a Spanish corps (called the "foreign legion") by Charles III of Spain (which he rejected). Later, his military information about Portugal would be used by Junot (first Napoleonic invasion of Portugal, 1807) and Soult (Second Napoleonic invasion of Portugal, 1809). See FEller, François-Xavier – Dictionnaire Historique Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, vol. VI, Paris, 1827, p. 169 Archived 4 June 2018 at the Wayback Machine; see also Arenas, Mar García – Los Proyectos del General Dumouriez Sobre la Invasión de Portugal in El Equilibrio de los Imperios: de Utrecht a Trafalgar Archived 3 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine, Actas de la VIII Reunión Científica de la Fundación Española de Historia Moderna (Madrid, 2–4 de Junio de 2004), vol. II, Fundación Española de Historia Moderna, 2005, p. 550.
Dumouriez, Charles – An Account of Portugal, as it Appeared in 1766 to Dumouriez Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, Lausanne (1775), and London (1797), chapter 5, pp. 134–135.
Sales, Ernesto Augusto – O Conde de Lippe em Portugal Archived 21 March 2017 at the Wayback Machine, Vol 2, Publicações de Comissão de História Militar, Minerva, 1936, page 29 Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine.
Letter of John Hamilton to Townsend, Alpedrinha, 24 October 1762, cited by Speelman, Patrick and Danley, Mark – The Seven Years' War: Global Views Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, 2012, p. 448.
Lippe, Mémoire de la Campagne de Portugal de 1762 Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, 1770, Page 47 Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine and page 48.
Lippe, Mémoire de la Campagne de Portugal de 1762 Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, 1770, p. 53
Eduard Hay reporting to the Earl of Egremont. See British Scholar C. R. Boxer in Descriptive List of the State Papers Portugal, 1661–1780, in the Public Record Office, London: 1724–1765 Archived 6 January 2020 at the Wayback Machine, Vol II, Lisbon, Academia das Ciências de Lisboa, with the collaboration of the British Academy and the P.R.O., 1979, p. 415. See also Costa, Fernando Dores – Nova História Militar de Portugal Archived 20 January 2020 at the Wayback Machine, Círculo de Leitores, Vol. II, Coordinator: António Hespanha, 2004, p. 358, footnote 280.
Henry, Isabelle – Dumouriez: Général de la Révolution (1739–1823) Archived 8 March 2021 at the Wayback Machine, L'Harmattan, Paris, 2002, p. 87 Archived 8 August 2017 at the Wayback Machine.
O'Callaghan, Edmund Bailey – Orderly Book of Lieut. Gen. Burgoyne, New York, 1860, Introduction, p. XVII.
"... Spain ordered 40,000 men to march into Portugal (page 247) Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine ... The Spanish forces, when they arrived at the frontier, were reduced to 25,000 men, (...). This war, which might have crushed Portugal, gave it a degree of vigour and elasticity ... and produced a military spirit (page 254) Archived 16 January 2020 at the Wayback Machine ...", in Dumouriez, Charles – An Account of Portugal, as it Appeared in 1766 to Dumouriez Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, Lausanne (1775) and London (1797).
See Dumouriez, Charles – An Account of Portugal, as it Appeared in 1766 to Dumouriez Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, Lausanne (1775), and London (1797), p.254.
Here are the omitted references (disclosing that the Portuguese guerrillas were worsting the Spanish army): "The peasantry also form a militia..., who serve without pay, but engage with great fury, and are very formidable to the Spaniards, by their manner of fighting; as from the ignorance of their Generals, the neglect of their officers, and the want of discipline in the soldiers, the latter are ever exposed to ambuscades, assassinations, and sudden attacks." In An Account of Portugal, as it Appeared in 1766 to Dumouriez, Lausanne (1775), and London (1797), p.109 Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine; and also: García Arenas (2004), pp. 41, 73 and 74.
"The Russian strategy 'was learned from British military leader Wellington, who, in alliance with Portuguese guerrilla forces' had resisted French invasion in the Peninsular War in a similar manner two years earlier." In Hough, Peter – Environmental Security Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, Routledge, New York, 2014, p. 58.
"... his 'Grand Army' of French and allied troops was annihilated by the terrible winter, disease (typhus), and the stamina of the Russian guerrillas, using 'tactics similar' to those of Spain and Portugal." In Greer, Thomas; Lewis, Gavin – A Brief History of the Western World Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, 9th edition, Thomson wadsworth, 2004, p. 470 Archived 3 May 2018 at the Wayback Machine.
"For the next four months, the [French] army of Portugal maintained its vigil at a cost of more than twenty five thousand men. Of these, only two thousand were killed in action, and nearly eight thousand were captured or deserted, while the rest fell to disease and starvation." In Moon, Joshua – Wellington's Two- Front War: The Peninsular Campaigns, at Home and Abroad, 1808–1814 Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, University of Oklahoma Press, USA, 2012, p. 73.
"... Wellington did not attempt to hold the Portuguese border. Instead, he ordered the entire countryside between the border and Lisbon to be laid waste and the inhabitants to take refuge in the mountains... Meanwhile, he had completed the construction of two formidable lines of fortification, the Lines of Torres Vedras, across the neck of the Lisbon peninsula...Masséna advanced deep into Portugal. At Bussaco he came upon the retreating Anglo-Portuguese army, attacked it, and was repulsed with heavy losses. Nevertheless, Wellington continued to retreat...and...slipped through the Lines of Torres Vedras, accompanied by most of the population of the Portuguese Province of Northern Estremadura...Masséna reached the Lines... For four months... the two armies remained in that position, facing each other without fighting. Yet whereas Lisbon was well supplied, the French were starving. Their marauding columns either found no food or were ambushed... Masséna ordered a retreat; one month later, his army reached its starting point, ciudad Rodrigo, reduced by one-third of its strength. Hunger, disease, and the guerrillas had taken at least twenty thousand French lives. As for the victors, their army had suffered no losses, but their victory had been won at the price of whole provinces destroyed and thousands of civilians starved, tortured, killed, or destitute. No phase of the Peninsular War was waged with more ferocity, and yet not a single major battle was fought." In Herold, J. Christopher – The Age of Napoleon, Mariner books, 2002, p. 226.
Esdaile, Charles – The Peninsular War: a New History Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, Penguin Books, London, 2003, chapter 12 Archived 27 July 2017 at the Wayback Machine.
Historian Lawrence H. Gipson uses the expression "the disintegration of the Spanish army" (see The British Empire before the American Revolution: the great war for the Empire: the culmination, 1760–1763 Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, Knopf, 1954, p. 260); while Portuguese historian Fernando Dores Costa wrote about the Spanish army's "spectrum of decomposition" (see Nova História Militar de Portugal Archived 20 January 2020 at the Wayback Machine, vol. II, Círculo de Leitores, Coordinator: António Hespanha, 2004, p. 358, footnote 280.). Also Portuguese historian Nuno Monteiro wrote that "... although there have been no battles in this strange war, severe losses occurred [on the Spanish side]" (see D. José: na sombra de Pombal Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, Temas e Debates, 2008, p. 198 Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine).
Cassel, John; Smith, John and Howitt, William – John Cassel's Illustrated History of England Archived 20 June 2018 at the Wayback Machine, vol. 5, London, 1861, chapter I (Reign of George III), p. 20 Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine.
Academia Portuguesa da História- Anais ""com os júbilos da vitória" - Pesquisa Google". Archived from the original on 14 August 2021. Retrieved 14 August 2014.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link), 1969, p. 132.
Prowse, D. W. – A History of Newfoundland: from the English, Colonial and Foreign Records Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, Heritage Books Inc., 2007, p. 311 Archived 27 November 2016 at the Wayback Machine.
"In the opening of the campaign, success attended the arms of the invaders: they took Miranda, Braganza, and Almeida. Here their triumphs ceased. (...) Lippe arrived from Germany, and assumed the command. In his operations he was well assisted by General Burgoyne, and they had soon the glory of freeing the Portuguese soil from the Bourbon army." In Dunham, Samuel A. – "The History of Spain and Portugal" Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, vol. 5, London, 1832, "pp.258–59".
"... The Spaniards who had passed the mountains in three divisions [North, centre and South of Portugal] ...after having taken many places, now imagined that they would soon become masters of the whole kingdom, found themselves under the necessity of abandoning their conquests, and of evacuating Portugal." In Beaumont, Alexander – "The History of Spain" Archived 21 November 2017 at the Wayback Machine, London, 1809, p. 458
"... The Portuguese, with the aid of their allies, had driven the Spaniards out of their country." In "Collections of the New York Historical Society: The John watts De Peyster publication fund series, vol. 7", The Society, 1875, p.213 Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine.
Hart, Francis Russel – The Siege of Havana: 1762 Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, Houghton Mifflin, 1931, p. 52 Archived 9 January 2020 at the Wayback Machine.
Black, Jeremy – America or Europe? British Foreign Policy, 1739–63 ""regaining colonial losses in Portugal" - Pesquisa Google". Archived from the original on 14 August 2021. Retrieved 30 July 2014.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link), University of Exeter, UCL Press, 2002, pp. 26–27.
See Journal of the Society for Army Historical research Archived 8 October 2017 at the Wayback Machine, vol. 59, London, 1981, p.40.
"This German officer [La Lippe], who had learned the war in the school of Frederick the Great of Prussia, repelled the invasion and forced the [Bourbon] allies to sign an armistice on the 1st December 1762. (...) ", in Legrand, Théodoric – Histoire du Portugal Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine (in French), Payot, 1928, p. 82 Archived 1 October 2017 at the Wayback Machine.
Ojer, Pablo- La Década Fundamental en la Controversia de Límites entre Venezuela y Colombia, 1881–1891 ""de los cuales fueron desalojados por los portugueses" - Pesquisa Google". Archived from the original on 8 March 2021. Retrieved 25 July 2014.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) (in Spanish), Academia Nacional de la Historia, 1988, p. 292 Archived 22 January 2020 at the Wayback Machine.
"The land on their own side [Portuguese side of the river Guaporé] afforded nothing on which they could rely, whereas the country of the [Spanish] Missions [left bank of the Guaporé] abounded with cattle... The Spaniards... designed... to intercept the communication [of the Portuguese in S. Rosa] with Para... and... Villa Bella. This blockade might be easily maintained, because they drew their supplies from the reductions; whereas the garrison [of S. Rosa], being confined to their own shore, would be distressed for food... and might thus be reduced without a blow. (...). The Portuguese...made an expedition against the Reduction of S. Miguel, which had been removed from the right Bank [to the left bank of the river Guaporé, in 1760, in accordance to the Treaty of Madrid, 1750]... they got possession of supplies which were intended for the [Spanish] army at Itanomas... the Portuguese kept possession of the territory of S. Miguel, which abounded with kine, horses and pigs... the Reduction of S. Martin voluntarily offered submission...D. António ventured to attack the Spaniards in their camp...the estacade was found too strong; but the boldness of this measure, thought unsuccessful, discouraged the Spaniards... they soon removed from their station... the encampment on the Mamoré was abandoned also: shortly after they fell back to S. Pedro: the Spaniards then returnrd to S. Cruz, and the expedition was broken up. The Portuguese then withdrew from the left shore." In Southern, Robert – History of Brazil Archived 25 April 2016 at the Wayback Machine, part third, London, 1819, p. 584 Archived 14 January 2020 at the Wayback Machine.
"... disease [caused by tropical conditions and the use of biological warfare by the Portuguese, according to the Spanish commander] and desertion had trimmed Verdugo [the Spanish Governor of Santa Cruz de la Sierra]'s levies from 610 to 303 by the time they reached San Pedro [head of the missions in Moxos, Bolivia, to where the Spanish remnants retreated]. (...) after two months on the Guaporé, the governor returned to Santa Cruz [Bolivia], leaving behind a skeleton force (...). In 1763 Moura retired from Mato Grosso the victor. He had advanced to the Guaporé [and beyond it, occupying Spanish territory in the left bank of this river until the end of the war: the territory of the Missions of S. Miguel and S. Martin, main sources of supply to the Spanish army.], fortified Portuguese positions on the river, and remained in the field as his rival retired. Moura's service earned him a hero's welcome from his commanders, a Knighthood, and eventually the office of Viceroy of Brazil." In Block, David – Mission Culture on the Upper Amazon: native Tradition, Jesuit enterprise and Secular Policy in Moxos, 1660–1880 Archived 8 March 2021 at the Wayback Machine, University of Nebraska Press, 1994, p. 51 Archived 12 January 2020 at the Wayback Machine.
Marley, David- Wars of the Americas: a chronology of armed conflict in the New World, 1492 to the present Archived 7 May 2021 at the Wayback Machine, vol. II, ABC-CLIO, USA, 2008, p. 449 Archived 6 May 2021 at the Wayback Machine and p. 450 Archived 22 February 2015 at the Wayback Machine
Ricardo Lesser- Las Orígenes de la Argentina, Editorial Biblos, 2003, see chapter El desastre Archived 22 February 2015 at the Wayback Machine, see pp. 63–72.
Godoy, Manuel (2008), La Parra López, Emilio; Larriba, Elisabel (eds.), Memorias, Publicaciones Universidad de Alicante, p. pp. 781–782, archived from the original on 14 August 2021
Speelman, Patrick and Danley, Mark – The Seven Years' War: Global Views Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, 2012, p. 457.
Henriques, Mendo C. – Vitória e Pirinéus, 1813: O Exército Português na Libertação de Espanha, Tribuna, Lisboa, 2008, p.35], inured to hardships, they were pre-eminently excellent on the march. Finally, the militia was very well adapted..." in The United Service Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, vol.132–139, American Periodical Series, 1850–1900, Lewis R. Hamersly & Company, 1904, p. 692.
Bradford in 1814, cited in Pivka, Otto Von – The Portuguese Army of the Napoleonic Wars Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, Osprey Publishing, New York, 1977, p. 19^{[permanent dead link‍]}.
"It was believed that Portugal, which had been thrown into the utmost disorder by a vicious court, would prove an easy conquest, and a united Spanish and French army at first met with little resistance; but the Portuguese people soon rose to defend their homes with such vigour, that all Choiseul's hopes in that quarter were extinguished" In Wright, Thomas – The History of France Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, vol. II, London, 1858, p. 354.
Société d` Histoire Générale et d`Histoire Diplomatique – Revue d`Histoire Diplomatique Archived 7 May 2021 at the Wayback Machine, vol. 37, Éditions A. Pedone, Paris, 1969, p. 195 Archived 6 May 2021 at the Wayback Machine.
"... in 1762 Portugal was invaded by Franco-Spanish troops, which were checked by the resistance of rural populations." In Alegria, José A. and Palais des beaux-arts – Triomphe du Baroque Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, RTBF, Brussels, 1991, p.29 Archived 16 September 2018 at the Wayback Machine.
Guillon, Maxime – Port Mahon; La France a Minorque sous Louis XV (1766–1763) Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, E. Leroux, 1894, p. 107.
"Preparations the Spanish Government made for war after signing the compact with France focused more on Portugal than the colonies. (...)", In Greentree, David – A Far-Flung Gamble – Havana 1762, Osprey Publishing, Oxford, 2010, p. 30 Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine.
Albistur, Rafael Olachea – Estudios sobre el siglo XVIII "«vergonzoso Tratado de París de 1763» "l. Así llamaría" - Pesquisa Google". Archived from the original on 14 August 2021. Retrieved 16 August 2014.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) (in Spanish), edited by Vicente Palacio Atard, Instituto Jeronimo Zurita C.S.I.C., Madrid, Anexos de la revista Hispania, nº 9, 1978, p. 201 Archived 19 November 2017 at the Wayback Machine. Albistur, Rafael – Estudios sobre el siglo XVIII ""avantage que la connoissance de sa foiblesse" - Pesquisa Google". Archived from the original on 14 August 2021. Retrieved 16 August 2014.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link), 1978, p. 201.
Dumouriez, Charles – An Account of Portugal, as it Appeared in 1766 to Dumouriez Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, Lausanne (1775), and London (1797), p. 247 Archived 7 January 2020 at the Wayback Machine.
"But this Spanish navy, beaten everywhere, allows the British conquest of the Antilles, part of the Philippines and even Belle Isle-en-Mer. On land, defeat in Portugal (...). (...) the fateful pact did nothing but aggravate the situation, already so disastrous." In Lauvriére, Émile – Histoire de Louisiane Française : 1673–1939 Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, G.-P. Maisonneuve, 1940, p. 395.
"Spain's Charles III, following the military episode with Portugal, was increasingly reluctant to risk repeating his misfortunes of 1762–63... he wanted to have peace until the end of his reign..." In Brecher, Frank W.- Securing American Independence: John Jay and the French Alliance Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, Praeger Publishers, USA, 2003, pp. 50–51.
"... for it was from the trauma and humiliation suffered in the conflict that the third of its Bourbon kings, Charles III, and his ministers derived the sense of purpose and direction required for the formulation and implementation of the all – embracing process of modernization which historians refer to as the 'Bourbon reforms' ". In Fisher, John Robert – Bourbon Peru, 1750–1824 Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, Liverpool University Press, UK, 2003, p. 28 Archived 4 April 2017 at the Wayback Machine.
Carnota, John Smith A. – The Marquis of Pombal Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, 2nd edition, Longmans, Green, Reader, and Dyer, London, 1871, p.182 Archived 8 June 2018 at the Wayback Machine.
"The 400 Portuguese infantry men, 40 troopers, 32 gunners, 230 militiamen ... are reinforced from Rio de Janeiro by a 10-ship convoy ... although conveying only 65 soldiers... ", in Marley, David- Wars of the Americas: a chronology of armed conflict in the New World, 1492 to the present Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, vol. II, ABC-CLIO, USA, 2008, p. 441-442 Archived 18 February 2015 at the Wayback Machine.
Marley, David- Wars of the Americas: a chronology of armed conflict in the New World, 1492 to the present ""with 400 men of the Dragoon Regiment of rio Pardo," - Pesquisa Google". Archived from the original on 14 August 2021. Retrieved 18 February 2015.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link), vol. II, ABC-CLIO, USA, 2008, p. 441 Archived 18 February 2015 at the Wayback Machine.
"(...). In this 'race for the Rio Grande [territory]', the border of Rio Pardo was the only one who resisted the Spanish invasion, thanks to Barreto Pereira Pinto courage and, above all, Francisco Pinto Bandeira, which shattered the army of captain Antonio Cattani on January 1, 1763. Pinto Bandeira, with only 230 dragoons and adventurers of St. Paul, fell like a hurricane over the 2,500 enemy soldiers. 'Never saw this territory such a stampede.' (...). Cattani's troops disbanded in panic. The commander, no time to put on the uniform, fled in underwear." In Barbosa, Fidélis D.- História do Rio Grande do Sul Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, Edições Est, 4th edition, Porto Alegre, 1976, p. 60 Archived 18 February 2015 at the Wayback Machine.
Branco, José-Obras do Barão do Rio Branco Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, vol. VI, Ministério das Relações exteriores, Brazil, p.3 Archived 18 February 2015 at the Wayback Machine.
Galdós, Benito – Guerra de la Independencia Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, vol I, Algaba Ediciones, Madrid, 2008, pp. 427–428.

demonry.com

Reflexiones Histórico-Militares que manifiestan los Motivos Porque se Mantiene Portugal Reino Independiente de España y Generalmente Desgraciadas Nuestras Empresas y que Lo Serán Mientras No se Tomen Otras Disposiciones, Borzas, 28 November 1772; cited in José Tertón Ponce – La Casaca y la Toga: Luces y sombras de la reforma militar en el reinado de Carlos III Archived 2014-07-07 at archive.today, Institut Menorquí d'Estudis, Mahón, 2011, La campaña de Portugal en 1762, pp.11–21 Archived 29 January 2016 at the Wayback Machine, p.21.

europepmc.org

"... The movements of the Anglo-Portuguese troops forced the Spanish army of General Aranda to withdraw." In Mendes, J. Caria- John Hunter in Portugal Archived 10 February 2020 at the Wayback Machine, 1963, page 61 Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine (originally published in Semana Médica, nr. 91, 22 January 1961 and translated by Dr. Guerra of the Wellcome Medical Library).

exercito.pt

"Lippe... withdraws to Abrantes, which was strengthened to preclude the passage of the Aranda's army [toward Lisbon], while at the same time, orders General Townshend... to cut off the retreat of the enemy army by occupying Penamacor and Monsanto... threatened with destruction as Count of Lippe moves its forces... Aranda retreats to Castelo Branco...the lower Beira is released, while Aranda, systematically harassed and threatened in the rear, eventually withdraws [back into Spain]". In Lousada, Abílio – Exército, jornal do (Army, journal of the) Archived 5 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine, nr. 598 (August – September, 2010), Peres-Soctip Indústrias Gráficas SA, suplemento (chapter) "Schaumburg-Lippe e a Guerra Fantástica", p. 153. ISSN 0871-8598.

gomezurdanez.com

Úrdañez, José Luis Gómez – Víctimas Ilustradas del Despotismo. El Conde de Superonda, Culpable y Reo, ante el Conde de Aranda Archived 14 July 2014 at the Wayback Machine, Universidad de la Rioja, 2009, p. 8 Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine (part of the investigation project El Imperio Español, Desde la Decadencia a la España Discreta..., HAR 2009-13824).
Úrdañez, José Luis Gómez – Víctimas Ilustradas del Despotismo. El Conde de Superunda, Culpable y Reo, ante el Conde de Aranda Archived 14 July 2014 at the Wayback Machine, Universidad de la Rioja, 2009, pp. 14–15 (part of the investigation project El Imperio Español, Desde la Decadencia a la España Discreta..., HAR 2009-13824).

google.com

"The army was in no better shape. Only 8,000 effective [Portuguese] soldiers stood in the face of the coming Spanish onslaught. They wore 'rags and patches' and begged in the streets, as they received little or no pay from the central government." In Speelman, Patrick and Danley, Mark – The Seven Years' War: Global Views Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, 2012, p. 436 Archived 11 January 2020 at the Wayback Machine.
"The British troops which embarked for Lisbon under their veteran commander consisted of 7, 104 officers and men of al arms [official figures when boarding in Britain]. This force had been dispatched in consequence of the threatening attitude of France and Spain towards Portugal, whose monarch had declined to enter into an alliance with the above two powers in order to 'curb the pride of the British nation which aspired to become despotic over the sea'." In Dalton, Charles- 1714–1727 Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, Vol. II, 1912, p. 31 Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine
"All told the British forces in Portugal numbered roughly 7,000 men." In Speelman, Patrick and Danley, Mark – The Seven Years' War: Global Views Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, 2012, p. 440 Archived 12 January 2020 at the Wayback Machine.
Letter XLIV, from a British captain: "Lisbon, 1779... Dear brother (p. 409)... after comparing every thing, after visiting the frontiers of the two kingdoms, (as I have endeavoured to do with something of a critical eye) to me it appears that a successful invasion of Portugal from Spain, at least as circumstances at present stand, would be so exceedingly probable, or rather certain, that I find it very difficult to account for the miscarriage of their last attempt upon it in 1762 (page 415)... an army consisting of at least 30,000 men, with 10 or 12,000 French auxiliaries, and a large park of artillery...collected at a great expense from Catalonia and the farthest parts of the Kingdom...establishing large magazines in different parts of the frontiers...it is astonishing that with such a shadow of an army to oppose them (p. 416)...", in Costigan, Arthur W. – Sketches of Society and Manners in Portugal Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, vol. II, London, 1787, pp. 409–416.
"This operation was without doubt the greatest mobilisation of troops on mainland Spain throughout the whole eighteenth century, and the figures themselves bear witness to the government's interest in the operation...and meant leaving the rest of mainland Spain largely unguarded...by way of comparison, the battle of Almansa of 1707...involved a Spanish-French army of over 25,000 men...while the famous attack on Algiers in 1775 involved a mobilisation of little more than 19,000 infantry and cavalry men..." in Enciso, Agustín González (Spanish) – "Mobilising Resources for War: Britain and Spain at Work During the Early Modern Period" Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, Eunsa, Ediciones Universidad de Navarra, S.A., Spain, 2006, p. 159 Archived 21 January 2020 at the Wayback Machine, ISBN 9788431323844.
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"The Spanish failure in 1762 to exploit their early successes by a march to capture Oporto, the major town in Northern Portugal, proved operationally decisive." In Black, Jeremy – European Warfare in a Global Context, 1660–1815 Archived 9 September 2018 at the Wayback Machine, Routledge, 2007, p. 41.
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"Count La Lippe, who was placed at the head of the allied forces, was one of the best soldiers of the age, and the Portuguese furnished a good raw material, although wretchedly equipped and officered. Nevertheless the heterogeneous body of English, Germans, and Portuguese collected under La Lippe made a very good fight of it, and Burgoyne, now a brigadier at the head of 3,000 cavalry, mostly Portuguese, distinguished himself...", in Cook, John D. and others – The Saturday Review of Politics, Literature, Science and Art Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, Vol. 41, John W. Parker and Son, 1876, p. 369.
"... he was a man born to command, of eccentric character but highly educated, and one of the most renowned engineer officers: he soon established an order and discipline amongst the Portuguese troops, which gave them the ability to contend successfully with the Spaniards in this campaign, and which entitles him to distinction in all military annals. The Citadel of Elvas still perpetuates his name to Portuguese gratitude, Fort Lippe...", in Cust, Edward- Annals of the Wars of the Eighteen Century Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, Vol. III (1760–1783), London, 1858, p.74.
"As Commander-in-Chief of the effete Portuguese army... he had repelled, in the brilliant peninsular campaigns of 1761–3, superior Franco-Spanish Forces." In Prothero, George Walter – The Quarterly Review Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, vol. 221, John Murray, 1914, p. 394.
"The [Anglo-Portuguese] allies won by adroit marches and counter-marches, so that although...the enemy, by superior numbers, could possibly have won, they were always confronted by defenders in a good position and never dared to risk an all-out attack. A Campaign won without the major casualties of battle [for the Anglo-Portuguese]". In Journal of the Society for Army Historical research Archived 8 October 2017 at the Wayback Machine, vol. 59, London, 1981, p. 25 Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine.
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"... In testimony to the cruel reality were the devastated fields, by order of the government, to embarrass the invasion by hunger, and along roadsides, the bones of the Spaniards slaughtered by the rural people..." In Azevedo, J. Lúcio de – O Marquês de Pombal e a sua época (in Portuguese), 2nd edition, Annuário do Brasil, Rio de Janeiro, p. 241 Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine.
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"Almeida, a key frontier town whose possession could open up the route to Lisbon, was in chaos. Its fortifications were second rate and its inhabitants terrified of Spanish aggression." In Speelman, Patrick and Danley, Mark – The Seven Years' War: Global Views Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, 2012, p. 437 Archived 20 December 2014 at the Wayback Machine.
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"Although this war was undertaken entirely in the national interests, nay, in defence of the very existence of Portugal, it was viewed with disfavour by an influential if not a large portion of the population...Colonel Anderson, belonging to the British contingent, and serving on the staff of the Count of Santiago, writes to Burgoyne: -'you may depend upon receiving the best of intelligence of the enemy's motions; but hitherto the Conde de Santiago has found it very difficult to get good intelligence. It's odd, you'll say, when every peasant might reasonably be supposed to be a spy for him. These do not look on the Spaniards as their enemy; they think their cause the cause of the Jesuits and the cause of God. The people of condition, the Excellencies and the hidalgos have so insuperable a hatred to the minister, as to sacrifice their king, their country, and even their honour, to feed it. I have, however, the happiness here to be under as honest a man as ever lived [Portuguese commander Count of Santiago], with as good a heart as it is possible to imagine.'" In Edward Barrington de Fonblanque – Political and military episodes in the latter half of the nineteenth century Archived 4 April 2017 at the Wayback Machine, Macmillan and Co., London, 1876, pp. 36–37 Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine.
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"The frontier filled with Spanish deserters eager to be captured ...", in Speelman, Patrick and Danley, Mark – The Seven Years' War: Global Views Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, 2012, p. 452 Archived 29 October 2018 at the Wayback Machine.
The Royal Military Chronicle ""d'Aranda retreated at leisure, leaving his sick and wounded in the hospital at Caste! L o Branco," - Pesquisa Google". Archived from the original on 14 August 2021. Retrieved 14 August 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link), vol V, London, 1812, pp. 52, 53.
Speelman, Patrick and Danley, Mark: "Captain John Fenton of the Buffs led a detachment that overtook the Spanish rearguard... and seized control of the Portuguese border town of Salvaterra." In The Seven Years' War: Global Views, 2012, p. 448.
Speelman, Patrick and Danley, Mark – The Seven Years' War: Global Views ""torched those who offered resistance" - Pesquisa Google". Archived from the original on 14 August 2021. Retrieved 24 July 2014.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link), 2012, p. 452.
"In the campaign of 1704... the combined forces of France and Spain were palsied in the midst of their success by topographical obstacles and the want of provisions. In 1762, on the same ground, the same obstacles stopped the Spanish army under the orders of Count d'Aranda, and the auxiliary corps, commanded by the Prince de Beauvau, and compelled them to retreat before troops inferior both in quality and numbers." In Foy, Maximilien Sébastian – History of the War in the Peninsula, under Napoleon, Vol. II, London, 1827, p.21.
His report on Portugal earned Dumouriez the rank of colonel in the French army (1772), a reward of 18,000 francs (1768), the rank of Aide-Maréchal-Général of the French invading army sent to Corsica (1768) and he received the personal thanks of French foreign minister, Choiseul, in a public audience (1768). He was also rewarded with the rank of lieutenant-colonel of a Spanish corps (called the "foreign legion") by Charles III of Spain (which he rejected). Later, his military information about Portugal would be used by Junot (first Napoleonic invasion of Portugal, 1807) and Soult (Second Napoleonic invasion of Portugal, 1809). See FEller, François-Xavier – Dictionnaire Historique Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, vol. VI, Paris, 1827, p. 169 Archived 4 June 2018 at the Wayback Machine; see also Arenas, Mar García – Los Proyectos del General Dumouriez Sobre la Invasión de Portugal in El Equilibrio de los Imperios: de Utrecht a Trafalgar Archived 3 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine, Actas de la VIII Reunión Científica de la Fundación Española de Historia Moderna (Madrid, 2–4 de Junio de 2004), vol. II, Fundación Española de Historia Moderna, 2005, p. 550.
Dumouriez, Charles – An Account of Portugal, as it Appeared in 1766 to Dumouriez Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, Lausanne (1775), and London (1797), chapter 5, pp. 134–135.
Sales, Ernesto Augusto – O Conde de Lippe em Portugal Archived 21 March 2017 at the Wayback Machine, Vol 2, Publicações de Comissão de História Militar, Minerva, 1936, page 29 Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine.
Letter of John Hamilton to Townsend, Alpedrinha, 24 October 1762, cited by Speelman, Patrick and Danley, Mark – The Seven Years' War: Global Views Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, 2012, p. 448.
Lippe, Mémoire de la Campagne de Portugal de 1762 Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, 1770, Page 47 Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine and page 48.
Lippe, Mémoire de la Campagne de Portugal de 1762 Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, 1770, p. 53
Henry, Isabelle – Dumouriez: Général de la Révolution (1739–1823) Archived 8 March 2021 at the Wayback Machine, L'Harmattan, Paris, 2002, p. 87 Archived 8 August 2017 at the Wayback Machine.
O'Callaghan, Edmund Bailey – Orderly Book of Lieut. Gen. Burgoyne, New York, 1860, Introduction, p. XVII.
"... Spain ordered 40,000 men to march into Portugal (page 247) Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine ... The Spanish forces, when they arrived at the frontier, were reduced to 25,000 men, (...). This war, which might have crushed Portugal, gave it a degree of vigour and elasticity ... and produced a military spirit (page 254) Archived 16 January 2020 at the Wayback Machine ...", in Dumouriez, Charles – An Account of Portugal, as it Appeared in 1766 to Dumouriez Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, Lausanne (1775) and London (1797).
General Dumouriez, Charles – An Account of Portugal, as it Appeared in 1766 to Dumouriez Archived 2 July 2020 at the Wayback Machine, Lausanne (1775), and London (1797), p. 247.
See Dumouriez, Charles – An Account of Portugal, as it Appeared in 1766 to Dumouriez Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, Lausanne (1775), and London (1797), p.254.
Here are the omitted references (disclosing that the Portuguese guerrillas were worsting the Spanish army): "The peasantry also form a militia..., who serve without pay, but engage with great fury, and are very formidable to the Spaniards, by their manner of fighting; as from the ignorance of their Generals, the neglect of their officers, and the want of discipline in the soldiers, the latter are ever exposed to ambuscades, assassinations, and sudden attacks." In An Account of Portugal, as it Appeared in 1766 to Dumouriez, Lausanne (1775), and London (1797), p.109 Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine; and also: García Arenas (2004), pp. 41, 73 and 74.
"The Russian strategy 'was learned from British military leader Wellington, who, in alliance with Portuguese guerrilla forces' had resisted French invasion in the Peninsular War in a similar manner two years earlier." In Hough, Peter – Environmental Security Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, Routledge, New York, 2014, p. 58.
"... his 'Grand Army' of French and allied troops was annihilated by the terrible winter, disease (typhus), and the stamina of the Russian guerrillas, using 'tactics similar' to those of Spain and Portugal." In Greer, Thomas; Lewis, Gavin – A Brief History of the Western World Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, 9th edition, Thomson wadsworth, 2004, p. 470 Archived 3 May 2018 at the Wayback Machine.
"For the next four months, the [French] army of Portugal maintained its vigil at a cost of more than twenty five thousand men. Of these, only two thousand were killed in action, and nearly eight thousand were captured or deserted, while the rest fell to disease and starvation." In Moon, Joshua – Wellington's Two- Front War: The Peninsular Campaigns, at Home and Abroad, 1808–1814 Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, University of Oklahoma Press, USA, 2012, p. 73.
"... Wellington did not attempt to hold the Portuguese border. Instead, he ordered the entire countryside between the border and Lisbon to be laid waste and the inhabitants to take refuge in the mountains... Meanwhile, he had completed the construction of two formidable lines of fortification, the Lines of Torres Vedras, across the neck of the Lisbon peninsula...Masséna advanced deep into Portugal. At Bussaco he came upon the retreating Anglo-Portuguese army, attacked it, and was repulsed with heavy losses. Nevertheless, Wellington continued to retreat...and...slipped through the Lines of Torres Vedras, accompanied by most of the population of the Portuguese Province of Northern Estremadura...Masséna reached the Lines... For four months... the two armies remained in that position, facing each other without fighting. Yet whereas Lisbon was well supplied, the French were starving. Their marauding columns either found no food or were ambushed... Masséna ordered a retreat; one month later, his army reached its starting point, ciudad Rodrigo, reduced by one-third of its strength. Hunger, disease, and the guerrillas had taken at least twenty thousand French lives. As for the victors, their army had suffered no losses, but their victory had been won at the price of whole provinces destroyed and thousands of civilians starved, tortured, killed, or destitute. No phase of the Peninsular War was waged with more ferocity, and yet not a single major battle was fought." In Herold, J. Christopher – The Age of Napoleon, Mariner books, 2002, p. 226.
Esdaile, Charles – The Peninsular War: a New History Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, Penguin Books, London, 2003, chapter 12 Archived 27 July 2017 at the Wayback Machine.
Historian Lawrence H. Gipson uses the expression "the disintegration of the Spanish army" (see The British Empire before the American Revolution: the great war for the Empire: the culmination, 1760–1763 Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, Knopf, 1954, p. 260); while Portuguese historian Fernando Dores Costa wrote about the Spanish army's "spectrum of decomposition" (see Nova História Militar de Portugal Archived 20 January 2020 at the Wayback Machine, vol. II, Círculo de Leitores, Coordinator: António Hespanha, 2004, p. 358, footnote 280.). Also Portuguese historian Nuno Monteiro wrote that "... although there have been no battles in this strange war, severe losses occurred [on the Spanish side]" (see D. José: na sombra de Pombal Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, Temas e Debates, 2008, p. 198 Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine).
Journal of the Royal United Service Institution, Whitehall Yard, Vol. 63, W. Mitchell, United Kingdom, 1918, p. 196 Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine.
Cassel, John; Smith, John and Howitt, William – John Cassel's Illustrated History of England Archived 20 June 2018 at the Wayback Machine, vol. 5, London, 1861, chapter I (Reign of George III), p. 20 Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine.
See The Annual Register Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, Burke, Edmund, London, 1784 (General Index): "Castel Branco, defeat of the Spaniards in the Territory of,"
Academia Portuguesa da História- Anais ""com os júbilos da vitória" - Pesquisa Google". Archived from the original on 14 August 2021. Retrieved 14 August 2014.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link), 1969, p. 132.
Gipson, Lawrence – The British Empire before the American Revolution: the great war for the Empire: the culmination, 1760–1763, vol. 8, Knopf, 1954, p. 260 Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine.
Prowse, D. W. – A History of Newfoundland: from the English, Colonial and Foreign Records Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, Heritage Books Inc., 2007, p. 311 Archived 27 November 2016 at the Wayback Machine.
Úrdañez, José Luis Gómez – Víctimas Ilustradas del Despotismo. El Conde de Superonda, Culpable y Reo, ante el Conde de Aranda Archived 14 July 2014 at the Wayback Machine, Universidad de la Rioja, 2009, p. 8 Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine (part of the investigation project El Imperio Español, Desde la Decadencia a la España Discreta..., HAR 2009-13824).
"... by mid 1762, [the allied commander, Lippe] had delivered the Lusitanian territory from the Spanish invaders, who kept only two borderland fortresses, and quickly celebrated the triumph of concluding such an honourable peace for Portugal, as the Peace of Hubertusburg was for Frederick the Great." In Medina, Eduardo de – Revista europea Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, Vol. 11, Madrid, 1878, p. 280.
"In the opening of the campaign, success attended the arms of the invaders: they took Miranda, Braganza, and Almeida. Here their triumphs ceased. (...) Lippe arrived from Germany, and assumed the command. In his operations he was well assisted by General Burgoyne, and they had soon the glory of freeing the Portuguese soil from the Bourbon army." In Dunham, Samuel A. – "The History of Spain and Portugal" Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, vol. 5, London, 1832, "pp.258–59".
"... The Spaniards who had passed the mountains in three divisions [North, centre and South of Portugal] ...after having taken many places, now imagined that they would soon become masters of the whole kingdom, found themselves under the necessity of abandoning their conquests, and of evacuating Portugal." In Beaumont, Alexander – "The History of Spain" Archived 21 November 2017 at the Wayback Machine, London, 1809, p. 458
"... The Portuguese, with the aid of their allies, had driven the Spaniards out of their country." In "Collections of the New York Historical Society: The John watts De Peyster publication fund series, vol. 7", The Society, 1875, p.213 Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine.
Hart, Francis Russel – The Siege of Havana: 1762 Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, Houghton Mifflin, 1931, p. 52 Archived 9 January 2020 at the Wayback Machine.
"Lippe deserves far more than the eight miniature gold cannon mounted on silver carriages [or six, according to other sources], 80,000 gold moidares, and numerous diamonds given to him by the Portuguese King upon his departure. So impressed was Oeiras that he retained Lippe's services so he could reform the Portuguese army and modernize the kingdom's defenses." In Speelman, Patrick and Danley, Mark – The Seven Years' War: Global Views Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, 2012, p. 457 Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine.
Black, Jeremy – America or Europe? British Foreign Policy, 1739–63 ""regaining colonial losses in Portugal" - Pesquisa Google". Archived from the original on 14 August 2021. Retrieved 30 July 2014.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link), University of Exeter, UCL Press, 2002, pp. 26–27.
"In September [this number increasing during the Bourbon retreat, in October], 3,000 French soldiers lay sick at Salamanca. (...)", in Danley Mark and Patrick Speelman – The Seven Years' War: Global Views Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, Brill, 2012, p. 452 Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine.
Stephens, Henry – The History of Portugal Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, G. P. Putnam's sons, 1891, p. 363.
"In November the enemy attacked two small places, Marvão and Ouguela, but the long record of shameful capitulations at last ended. Ouguela was successfully held by a Portuguese commander, and Marvão... was defended by captain Brown of Armstrong's with a British detachment and some Portuguese. He replied to the summons with a reminder of the recent fall of Havana and dispersed the assailants with a burst of shellfire." In Journal of the Society for Army Historical Research Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, vol. 59, London, 1981, p. 40 Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine.
"A new wind swept the military [Portuguese] forces... Volunteers showed up to fight under his [Lippe's] command, and the Portuguese forces increased both quantitatively and qualitatively (page 129 Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine) ... In November... the [Franco-Spanish] allies had lost most of their infantry men and artillery, [while] Portuguese forces continued to grow up (page 131 Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine)". In Daehnhardt, Rainer- Segredos da História Luso-Alemã, Publicações Quipu, Lisboa, 1998, ISBN 9728408072.
"Our detachments pursued their rear-guard and took several prisoners. (...)", the allied commander Count of Lippe in Mémoire de la Campagne de Portugal de 1762 Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine. 1770, page 65 Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine.
Lippe, Mémoire de la Campagne de Portugal de 1762 ""Le délâbrement de leur cavallerie et le grand nombre de malades" - Pesquisa Google". Archived from the original on 14 August 2021. Retrieved 22 July 2014.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link), 1770, pp. 65–66 Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine.
"This German officer [La Lippe], who had learned the war in the school of Frederick the Great of Prussia, repelled the invasion and forced the [Bourbon] allies to sign an armistice on the 1st December 1762. (...) ", in Legrand, Théodoric – Histoire du Portugal Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine (in French), Payot, 1928, p. 82 Archived 1 October 2017 at the Wayback Machine.
Tandeter, Enrique (coordinator): Germán Carrera Damas- Historia General de América Latina: processos americanos hacia la redefinición colonial Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine (in Spanish), vol. 4, UNESCO, 2000, p. 22.
Ojer, Pablo- La Década Fundamental en la Controversia de Límites entre Venezuela y Colombia, 1881–1891 ""de los cuales fueron desalojados por los portugueses" - Pesquisa Google". Archived from the original on 8 March 2021. Retrieved 25 July 2014.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) (in Spanish), Academia Nacional de la Historia, 1988, p. 292 Archived 22 January 2020 at the Wayback Machine.
United States Army Corps of Engineers- Report on Orinoco-Casiquiare-Negro Waterway. Venezuela-Colombia-Brazil, July 1943 ""São Gabriel was founded during the Portuguese conquest in 1763," - Pesquisa Google". Archived from the original on 14 August 2021. Retrieved 26 September 2017.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link), Vol. I, 1943, p. 15.
"... disease [caused by tropical conditions and the use of biological warfare by the Portuguese, according to the Spanish commander] and desertion had trimmed Verdugo [the Spanish Governor of Santa Cruz de la Sierra]'s levies from 610 to 303 by the time they reached San Pedro [head of the missions in Moxos, Bolivia, to where the Spanish remnants retreated]. (...) after two months on the Guaporé, the governor returned to Santa Cruz [Bolivia], leaving behind a skeleton force (...). In 1763 Moura retired from Mato Grosso the victor. He had advanced to the Guaporé [and beyond it, occupying Spanish territory in the left bank of this river until the end of the war: the territory of the Missions of S. Miguel and S. Martin, main sources of supply to the Spanish army.], fortified Portuguese positions on the river, and remained in the field as his rival retired. Moura's service earned him a hero's welcome from his commanders, a Knighthood, and eventually the office of Viceroy of Brazil." In Block, David – Mission Culture on the Upper Amazon: native Tradition, Jesuit enterprise and Secular Policy in Moxos, 1660–1880 Archived 8 March 2021 at the Wayback Machine, University of Nebraska Press, 1994, p. 51 Archived 12 January 2020 at the Wayback Machine.
Marley, David- Wars of the Americas: a chronology of armed conflict in the New World, 1492 to the present Archived 7 May 2021 at the Wayback Machine, vol. II, ABC-CLIO, USA, 2008, p. 449 Archived 6 May 2021 at the Wayback Machine and p. 450 Archived 22 February 2015 at the Wayback Machine
Ricardo Lesser- Las Orígenes de la Argentina, Editorial Biblos, 2003, see chapter El desastre Archived 22 February 2015 at the Wayback Machine, see pp. 63–72.
Godoy, Manuel (2008), La Parra López, Emilio; Larriba, Elisabel (eds.), Memorias, Publicaciones Universidad de Alicante, p. pp. 781–782, archived from the original on 14 August 2021
Speelman, Patrick and Danley, Mark – The Seven Years' War: Global Views Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, 2012, p. 457.
Henriques, Mendo C. – Vitória e Pirinéus, 1813: O Exército Português na Libertação de Espanha, Tribuna, Lisboa, 2008, p.35], inured to hardships, they were pre-eminently excellent on the march. Finally, the militia was very well adapted..." in The United Service Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, vol.132–139, American Periodical Series, 1850–1900, Lewis R. Hamersly & Company, 1904, p. 692.
Bradford in 1814, cited in Pivka, Otto Von – The Portuguese Army of the Napoleonic Wars Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, Osprey Publishing, New York, 1977, p. 19^{[permanent dead link‍]}.
"It was believed that Portugal, which had been thrown into the utmost disorder by a vicious court, would prove an easy conquest, and a united Spanish and French army at first met with little resistance; but the Portuguese people soon rose to defend their homes with such vigour, that all Choiseul's hopes in that quarter were extinguished" In Wright, Thomas – The History of France Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, vol. II, London, 1858, p. 354.
Société d` Histoire Générale et d`Histoire Diplomatique – Revue d`Histoire Diplomatique Archived 7 May 2021 at the Wayback Machine, vol. 37, Éditions A. Pedone, Paris, 1969, p. 195 Archived 6 May 2021 at the Wayback Machine.
"... in 1762 Portugal was invaded by Franco-Spanish troops, which were checked by the resistance of rural populations." In Alegria, José A. and Palais des beaux-arts – Triomphe du Baroque Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, RTBF, Brussels, 1991, p.29 Archived 16 September 2018 at the Wayback Machine.
Guillon, Maxime – Port Mahon; La France a Minorque sous Louis XV (1766–1763) Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, E. Leroux, 1894, p. 107.
Spanish Chief minister Ricardo Wall in a letter to Tanucci, 12 October 1762: "the circumstance of having to make war on a sterile country, and where each civilian is an enemy, makes it necessary to bring the supplies from Castile [Spain]... employing many troops to keep the conquered and to protect the [food] convoys...thus, the army possibly will not reach Lisbon before the Winter... contrary to what was planned [this prediction would prove prophetic since three days later the Franco-Spanish army initiated its disastrous retreat]". In Alarcia, Diego T. – El ministerio Wall: la "España discreta" del "ministro olvidado" Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, 2012, p. 155 Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine.
Monglave, Eugène – Histoire de l'Espagne, Chez Raymond Éditeur, Paris, 1825, p. 271 Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine.
"Preparations the Spanish Government made for war after signing the compact with France focused more on Portugal than the colonies. (...)", In Greentree, David – A Far-Flung Gamble – Havana 1762, Osprey Publishing, Oxford, 2010, p. 30 Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine.
Albistur, Rafael Olachea – Estudios sobre el siglo XVIII "«vergonzoso Tratado de París de 1763» "l. Así llamaría" - Pesquisa Google". Archived from the original on 14 August 2021. Retrieved 16 August 2014.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) (in Spanish), edited by Vicente Palacio Atard, Instituto Jeronimo Zurita C.S.I.C., Madrid, Anexos de la revista Hispania, nº 9, 1978, p. 201 Archived 19 November 2017 at the Wayback Machine. Albistur, Rafael – Estudios sobre el siglo XVIII ""avantage que la connoissance de sa foiblesse" - Pesquisa Google". Archived from the original on 14 August 2021. Retrieved 16 August 2014.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link), 1978, p. 201.
Dumouriez, Charles – An Account of Portugal, as it Appeared in 1766 to Dumouriez Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, Lausanne (1775), and London (1797), p. 247 Archived 7 January 2020 at the Wayback Machine.
Cornide, José (published by Juan M. Rosario Cebrián) – Los Viajes de José Cornide por España y Portugal de 1754 a 1801 Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, Real Academia de la Historia, Madrid, 2009, pp. 847–848 Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine.
Dziembowski, Edmond- La Guerre de Sept Ans (1756–1763) Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, Perrin, Ministère de la Defense, 2015, subchapter La France et l`Espagne Jouent et Perdent, in chapter 13, electronic book without numbered pages.
"But this Spanish navy, beaten everywhere, allows the British conquest of the Antilles, part of the Philippines and even Belle Isle-en-Mer. On land, defeat in Portugal (...). (...) the fateful pact did nothing but aggravate the situation, already so disastrous." In Lauvriére, Émile – Histoire de Louisiane Française : 1673–1939 Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, G.-P. Maisonneuve, 1940, p. 395.
"Spain's Charles III, following the military episode with Portugal, was increasingly reluctant to risk repeating his misfortunes of 1762–63... he wanted to have peace until the end of his reign..." In Brecher, Frank W.- Securing American Independence: John Jay and the French Alliance Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, Praeger Publishers, USA, 2003, pp. 50–51.
Ponce, José Luis Terrón – Ejército y Política en La España de Carlos III Archived 2014-07-07 at archive.today, vol. 37, de Collectión Adalid, Ministerio de Defensa, Secretaria General Técnica, 1997, p. 23 or page 5 ""la desastrosa expedición contra Portugal" - Pesquisa Google". Archived from the original on 14 August 2021. Retrieved 5 October 2014.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) of chapter La Monarquia Militar, part I: El Hecho Militar Durante El Reinado De Carlos III, La Situación del Ejército Y Su Reforma (in the electronic edition).
"... for it was from the trauma and humiliation suffered in the conflict that the third of its Bourbon kings, Charles III, and his ministers derived the sense of purpose and direction required for the formulation and implementation of the all – embracing process of modernization which historians refer to as the 'Bourbon reforms' ". In Fisher, John Robert – Bourbon Peru, 1750–1824 Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, Liverpool University Press, UK, 2003, p. 28 Archived 4 April 2017 at the Wayback Machine.
Carnota, John Smith A. – The Marquis of Pombal Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, 2nd edition, Longmans, Green, Reader, and Dyer, London, 1871, p.182 Archived 8 June 2018 at the Wayback Machine.
Abbot Béliardi, the agent of Choiseul at Madrid, writing on 18 October 1762: "(...) news of the taking of Havana has gravely upset the Spanish nation... there is no consolation for the irreparable loss of one third of Spain's naval forces, surrendered without a cannon shot." In Stein, Stanley and Stein, Barbara – Apogee of Empire: Spain and New Spain in the Age of Charles III, 1759–1789 Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, Johns Hopkins University Press, 2004, chapter "Imperiled Colonies and Spain's Response".
Úrdañez, José Luis Gómez – Víctimas Ilustradas del Despotismo. El Conde de Superunda, Culpable y Reo, ante el Conde de Aranda Archived 14 July 2014 at the Wayback Machine, Universidad de la Rioja, 2009, pp. 14–15 (part of the investigation project El Imperio Español, Desde la Decadencia a la España Discreta..., HAR 2009-13824).
"The 400 Portuguese infantry men, 40 troopers, 32 gunners, 230 militiamen ... are reinforced from Rio de Janeiro by a 10-ship convoy ... although conveying only 65 soldiers... ", in Marley, David- Wars of the Americas: a chronology of armed conflict in the New World, 1492 to the present Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, vol. II, ABC-CLIO, USA, 2008, p. 441-442 Archived 18 February 2015 at the Wayback Machine.
" [Portuguese colonel] Osório built a small fort which he called Santa Teresa, where he took shelter with 400 men and little artillery (January 1763). Next April, Ceballos, who had gathered in Maldonado a well provisioned army of more than 3,000 men with much artillery, invested the Lusitanian position. After a weak resistance, Osório surrendered with the remaining 130 men. All the other had deserted." In Instituto Histórico e Geográfico do Rio Grande do Sul- Revista do Instituto Histórico e Geográfico do Rio Grande do Sul Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, Edições 132–134, Brazil, 1998, p. 12.
Marley, David- Wars of the Americas: a chronology of armed conflict in the New World, 1492 to the present ""with 400 men of the Dragoon Regiment of rio Pardo," - Pesquisa Google". Archived from the original on 14 August 2021. Retrieved 18 February 2015.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link), vol. II, ABC-CLIO, USA, 2008, p. 441 Archived 18 February 2015 at the Wayback Machine.
"Four days later, the small fort of San Miguel fell into the hands of Cevallos, abandoned by the garrison of 30 men which stayed there under cap. João Teixeira.", In Instituto Histórico e Geográfico do Rio Grande do Sul- Revista do Instituto Histórico e Geográfico do Rio Grande do Sul Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, Edições 132–134, Brazil, 1998, p. 12.
"In the whole region of the Rio Grande, the Portuguese government did not have more than 1,000 soldiers, including regular and militia troops, spread over several trims." In Instituto Histórico e Geográfico do Rio Grande do Sul- Revista do Instituto Histórico e Geográfico do Rio Grande do Sul Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, Edições 132–134, Brazil, 1998, p. 12.
"While the Spanish army advanced along the coast, fully reaching their goals, another enemy column, consisting of five hundred militiamen from the Corrientes Province and about 2,000 Guaranis came from the Misiones Orientales against Rio Pardo, under lieutenant colonel Antonio Cattani and fortified next to the stream of Santa Barbara..." in Vellinho, Moysés- Fronteira, Editora Globo, 1975, p. 105.
Galdós, Benito – Guerra de la Independencia Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, vol I, Algaba Ediciones, Madrid, 2008, pp. 427–428.

google.pt

General Dumouriez, Charles – An Account of Portugal, as it Appeared in 1766 to Dumouriez Archived 2 July 2020 at the Wayback Machine, Lausanne (1775), and London (1797), p. 247.
"(...). In this 'race for the Rio Grande [territory]', the border of Rio Pardo was the only one who resisted the Spanish invasion, thanks to Barreto Pereira Pinto courage and, above all, Francisco Pinto Bandeira, which shattered the army of captain Antonio Cattani on January 1, 1763. Pinto Bandeira, with only 230 dragoons and adventurers of St. Paul, fell like a hurricane over the 2,500 enemy soldiers. 'Never saw this territory such a stampede.' (...). Cattani's troops disbanded in panic. The commander, no time to put on the uniform, fled in underwear." In Barbosa, Fidélis D.- História do Rio Grande do Sul Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, Edições Est, 4th edition, Porto Alegre, 1976, p. 60 Archived 18 February 2015 at the Wayback Machine.
Branco, José-Obras do Barão do Rio Branco Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, vol. VI, Ministério das Relações exteriores, Brazil, p.3 Archived 18 February 2015 at the Wayback Machine.

scielo.org.ar

Pereira, Ione Aparecida- Guerra nas Missões de Mojos: uma análise do conflito luso-espanhol pela posse da antiga Missão Jesuítica de Santa Rosa de Mojos no rio Guaporé (1760–1764) Archived 12 February 2019 at the Wayback Machine, in the magazine Memória Americana [electronic version], Vol. 25, nr. 2, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, diciembre 2017, ISSN 1851-3751.

scribd.com

pt.scribd.com

Oman, Charles – A History of the Peninsular War Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, vol III, Clarendon Press, 1908, p.183 Archived 18 August 2018 at the Wayback Machine, p.184 Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine and p. 185 Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine.

terronponce.org

Ponce, José Luis Terrón – La Casaca y la Toga: Luces y sombras de la reforma militar en el reinado de Carlos III Archived 2014-07-07 at archive.today, Institut Menorquí d'Estudis, Mahón, 2011, Chapter 2: La campaña de Portugal en 1762, pp.11–21 Archived 2014-07-14 at the Wayback Machine, p. 13.
"Altogether, it was possible to collect an army of 40,000 men (p. 11)... With the army, by then reduced to 20,000 men... completely devoid of food, [Aranda] could do little (p.14)." In Ponce – La Casaca y la Toga: Luces y sombras de la reforma militar en el reinado de Carlos III Archived 2014-07-07 at archive.today, Institut Menorquí d'Estudis, Mahón, 2011, Chapter 2: La campaña de Portugal en 1762, pp.11–21 Archived 2014-07-14 at the Wayback Machine.
Reflexiones Histórico-Militares que manifiestan los Motivos Porque se Mantiene Portugal Reino Independiente de España y Generalmente Desgraciadas Nuestras Empresas y que Lo Serán Mientras No se Tomen Otras Disposiciones, Borzas, 28 November 1772; cited in José Tertón Ponce – La Casaca y la Toga: Luces y sombras de la reforma militar en el reinado de Carlos III Archived 2014-07-07 at archive.today, Institut Menorquí d'Estudis, Mahón, 2011, La campaña de Portugal en 1762, pp.11–21 Archived 29 January 2016 at the Wayback Machine, p.21.
Cited in José Tertón Ponce – La Casaca y la Toga: Luces y sombras de la reforma militar en el reinado de Carlos III Archived 2014-07-07 at archive.today, Institut Menorquí d'Estudis, Mahón, 2011, Chapter 2: La campaña de Portugal en 1762, pp.11–21 Archived 2014-07-14 at the Wayback Machine, p.21.
Ponce, José Luis Terrón – Ejército y Política en La España de Carlos III Archived 2014-07-07 at archive.today, vol. 37, de Collectión Adalid, Ministerio de Defensa, Secretaria General Técnica, 1997, p. 23 or page 5 ""la desastrosa expedición contra Portugal" - Pesquisa Google". Archived from the original on 14 August 2021. Retrieved 5 October 2014.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) of chapter La Monarquia Militar, part I: El Hecho Militar Durante El Reinado De Carlos III, La Situación del Ejército Y Su Reforma (in the electronic edition).

ua.es

rua.ua.es

See Arenas, Mar García – Los Proyectos del General Dumouriez Sobre la Invasión de Portugal in El Equilibrio de los Imperios: de Utrecht a Trafalgar Archived 3 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine, Actas de la VIII Reunión Científica de la Fundación Española de Historia Moderna (Madrid, 2–4 de Junio de 2004), vol. II, Fundación Española de Historia Moderna, 2005, p. 544.
His report on Portugal earned Dumouriez the rank of colonel in the French army (1772), a reward of 18,000 francs (1768), the rank of Aide-Maréchal-Général of the French invading army sent to Corsica (1768) and he received the personal thanks of French foreign minister, Choiseul, in a public audience (1768). He was also rewarded with the rank of lieutenant-colonel of a Spanish corps (called the "foreign legion") by Charles III of Spain (which he rejected). Later, his military information about Portugal would be used by Junot (first Napoleonic invasion of Portugal, 1807) and Soult (Second Napoleonic invasion of Portugal, 1809). See FEller, François-Xavier – Dictionnaire Historique Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, vol. VI, Paris, 1827, p. 169 Archived 4 June 2018 at the Wayback Machine; see also Arenas, Mar García – Los Proyectos del General Dumouriez Sobre la Invasión de Portugal in El Equilibrio de los Imperios: de Utrecht a Trafalgar Archived 3 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine, Actas de la VIII Reunión Científica de la Fundación Española de Historia Moderna (Madrid, 2–4 de Junio de 2004), vol. II, Fundación Española de Historia Moderna, 2005, p. 550.
"... because the precedent disaster in the Fantastic War -as the invasion of 1762 is known in Portuguese historiography- should have been a lesson... Dumouriez's mission was to study the campaign of 1762, find the reasons of the failure; and through a detailed observation in situ of the geography and military state of the Portuguese crown, to devise an effective plan of campaign for a future war." In Arenas, Mar García. Los Proyectos del General Dumouriez Sobre la Invasión de Portugal In El Equilibrio de los Imperios: de Utrecht a Trafalgar Archived 3 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine, Actas de la VIII Reunión Científica de la Fundación Española de Historia Moderna (Madrid, 2–4 de Junio de 2004), vol. II, Fundación Española de Historia Moderna, 2005, p. 541.
"The opinion of Dumouriez... was omitted in the copy that was to be delivered to the office of Charles III, by order of the French ambassador Ossun...since it could hurt Spanish susceptibility." See Arenas, Mar García – Los Proyectos del General Dumouriez Sobre la Invasión de Portugal in El Equilibrio de los Imperios: de Utrecht a Trafalgar Archived 3 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine, Actas de la VIII Reunión Científica de la Fundación Española de Historia Moderna (Madrid, 2–4 de Junio de 2004), volumen II, published in 2005, page 548 (see also p. 541).

visitaranjuez.com

Count of Rosenberg to Kaunitz, Escorial, letter of November 18, 1762, and Goessel to Bernstorff, Madrid, letter of January 3, 1763. Cited by Olaechea, Rafael- Contribución al estúdio del «Motín contra Esquilache» (1766) Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, in Tiempos Modernos 8 (2003), p. 9, footnote nr. 40.

web.archive.org

"The army was in no better shape. Only 8,000 effective [Portuguese] soldiers stood in the face of the coming Spanish onslaught. They wore 'rags and patches' and begged in the streets, as they received little or no pay from the central government." In Speelman, Patrick and Danley, Mark – The Seven Years' War: Global Views Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, 2012, p. 436 Archived 11 January 2020 at the Wayback Machine.
"The British troops which embarked for Lisbon under their veteran commander consisted of 7, 104 officers and men of al arms [official figures when boarding in Britain]. This force had been dispatched in consequence of the threatening attitude of France and Spain towards Portugal, whose monarch had declined to enter into an alliance with the above two powers in order to 'curb the pride of the British nation which aspired to become despotic over the sea'." In Dalton, Charles- 1714–1727 Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, Vol. II, 1912, p. 31 Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine
"All told the British forces in Portugal numbered roughly 7,000 men." In Speelman, Patrick and Danley, Mark – The Seven Years' War: Global Views Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, 2012, p. 440 Archived 12 January 2020 at the Wayback Machine.
Letter XLIV, from a British captain: "Lisbon, 1779... Dear brother (p. 409)... after comparing every thing, after visiting the frontiers of the two kingdoms, (as I have endeavoured to do with something of a critical eye) to me it appears that a successful invasion of Portugal from Spain, at least as circumstances at present stand, would be so exceedingly probable, or rather certain, that I find it very difficult to account for the miscarriage of their last attempt upon it in 1762 (page 415)... an army consisting of at least 30,000 men, with 10 or 12,000 French auxiliaries, and a large park of artillery...collected at a great expense from Catalonia and the farthest parts of the Kingdom...establishing large magazines in different parts of the frontiers...it is astonishing that with such a shadow of an army to oppose them (p. 416)...", in Costigan, Arthur W. – Sketches of Society and Manners in Portugal Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, vol. II, London, 1787, pp. 409–416.
"This operation was without doubt the greatest mobilisation of troops on mainland Spain throughout the whole eighteenth century, and the figures themselves bear witness to the government's interest in the operation...and meant leaving the rest of mainland Spain largely unguarded...by way of comparison, the battle of Almansa of 1707...involved a Spanish-French army of over 25,000 men...while the famous attack on Algiers in 1775 involved a mobilisation of little more than 19,000 infantry and cavalry men..." in Enciso, Agustín González (Spanish) – "Mobilising Resources for War: Britain and Spain at Work During the Early Modern Period" Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, Eunsa, Ediciones Universidad de Navarra, S.A., Spain, 2006, p. 159 Archived 21 January 2020 at the Wayback Machine, ISBN 9788431323844.
"In this offensive would participate the most distinguished of the Bourbon army, newly reformed; and, as officers, the brightest students graduated from the modern military academies established a few decades ago in Barcelona, Segovia and Madrid, following the dictates of the enlightened science of the time (...)." See «De Espanha, nem bom vento nem bom casamento». La guerra como determinante de las difíciles relaciones entre las dos Coronas Ibéricas en la Península y en América. 1640–1808 Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine (in Spanish, pp. 29–111) in Anais de História de além-mar, Vol X, Juan Marchena Fernandez, 2009, Anais de História de além-mar, p. 71.
"A Campaign won without the major casualties of battle or incurring many losses other than those of sickness." In Journal of the Society for Army Historical Research Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, vol. 59, London, 1981, p. 25 Archived 8 January 2020 at the Wayback Machine
"British casualties were light overall – there were fourteen combat deaths compared to 804 from other means..." In Speelman, Patrick and Danley, Mark – The Seven Years' War: Global Views Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, 2012, p. 448 Archived 29 October 2018 at the Wayback Machine
Eduard Hay, British ambassador in Portugal (letter to the 2nd Earl of Egremont, 8 November 1762) reported a total of 30,000 Franco-Spanish casualties during the first two invasions of Portugal (half of them deserters, many of whom starved to death or died of disease or became prisoners), representing almost three-quarters of the initial invading army. See British Scholar C. R. Boxer in Descriptive List of the State Papers Portugal, 1661–1780, in the Public Record Office, London: 1724–1765 Archived 6 January 2020 at the Wayback Machine, Vol II, Lisbon, Academia das Ciências de Lisboa, with the collaboration of the British Academy and the P.R.O., 1979, p. 415. See also COSTA, Fernando Dores- Nova História Militar de Portugal Archived 20 January 2020 at the Wayback Machine, Círculo de Leitores, Vol. II, Coordinator: António Hespanha, 2004, p. 358, footnote 280.
"Disappointed, facing incredible resistance and losing everything in the field, the Spaniards abandoned the fight and left behind twenty-five thousand men ..." In Henry, Isabelle – Dumouriez: Général de la Révolution (1739–1823) Archived 8 March 2021 at the Wayback Machine, L'Harmattan, Paris, 2002, p. 87 Archived 8 August 2017 at the Wayback Machine.
In Morell, Thomas – Studies in History, vol. II, London, 1821, p. 373 Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine.
"Boscawen had defeated the French fleet off the Portuguese coast. The French commander took refuge in Lagos after losing five of his ships on the coast of the Algarve. The French at once began to demand satisfaction, and Pitt sent Lord Kinnoull on a special mission to Lisbon to offer apologies." In Livermore, H. V. – A New History of Portugal Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, Cambridge University Press, London, 1969, p. 234.
"Spanish invasion of Portugal, an effort to block the British in Europe, also resulted in defeat for Spain." In Altagracia Ortiz – Eighteenth Century Reforms in the Caribbean Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, Fairleigh Dickinson Univ Press, 1983. p. 216, footnote 16.
Stein, Stanley and Stein, Barbara – Apogee of Empire: Spain and New Spain in the Age of Charles III, 1759–1789 ""English naval forces intercepted official correspondence" - Pesquisa Google". Archived from the original on 14 August 2021. Retrieved 4 July 2014.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2004, chapter The Trauma of Havana, 1762–1765.
Pack, S. W. – Sea Power in the Mediterranean: A Study of the Struggle for sea power in the Mediterranean from the Seventeenth Century to the Present Day, Arthur Barker Limited, 1971, p. 68 Archived 21 March 2017 at the Wayback Machine.
In Carnota, John Smith A. – The Marquis of Pombal Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, 2nd edition, Longmans, Green, Reader, and Dyer, London, 1871. p. 187.
"One of the main aims of the two great Bourbon powers, in the making of the Family Compact, had been to attack Portugal, in order either to compel England to send a large part of its troops to that country, or to take possession of it..."; in Philippson, Martin – The Age of Frederick the Great Archived 19 August 2017 at the Wayback Machine, vol. XV, Lea Brothers and & company, Philadelphia, 1905, p. 103. Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine
Clark, Edward – Letters concerning the Spanish nation Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, London, 1763, p.353.
Livermore, H. V. – A History of Portugal Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, Cambridge University Press, London, 1947, p. 359 Archived 6 September 2017 at the Wayback Machine.
According to Dumouriez in An Account of Portugal, as it Appeared in 1766 to Dumouriez Archived 13 December 2014 at the Wayback Machine, Lausanne (1775), and London (1797), p. 244 Archived 13 December 2014 at the Wayback Machine.
Azevedo, J. Lúcio de – O Marquês de Pombal e a sua época, 2nd edition, Annuário do Brasil, Rio de Janeiro, p. 237 Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine.
In Dellon, Gabriel (and other authors)– Portugal nos Séculos Dezassete e Dezoito: Quatro Testemunhos Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, Lisóptima Edições, 1989, p. 157. (in Portuguese).
Shaw, L. M. – The Anglo-Portuguese alliance and the English merchants in Portugal, 1654–1810, Ashgate, 1998, p. 193 ""free her from 'the heavy shackles of Britannic dominion'. " - Pesquisa Google". Archived from the original on 14 August 2021. Retrieved 4 July 2014.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link).
Speelman, Patrick and Danley, Mark – The Seven Years' War: Global Views Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, 2012, p. 438 Archived 30 August 2020 at the Wayback Machine.
"The Province was absolutely defenceless without soldiers, arms, powder, ball or provisions, and it was impossible to paint the scandalous conditions of the defences." In Francis, Alan David – Portugal 1715–1808 Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, Tamesis Books Limited, London, 1985, p.150 Archived 13 September 2018 at the Wayback Machine.
Dumouriez, Charles – An Account of Portugal, as it Appeared in 1766 to Dumouriez, Lausanne (1775), and London (1797), p. 249 Archived 30 August 2020 at the Wayback Machine.
Francis, Alan David, Portugal 1715–1808 Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, 1985, p. 150.
Speelman, Patrick and Danley, Mark- The Seven Years' War: Global Views Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, 2012, p. 439.
Maxwell, Kenneth – Pombal, Paradox of the Enlightenment Archived 6 May 2021 at the Wayback Machine, University Press, Cambridge, 1995, p. 113 Archived 5 May 2021 at the Wayback Machine.
Martin, Benjamin – Miscellaneous Correspondence Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, vol. IV, London, 1764, p. 904.
See Dumouriez, Charles – An Account of Portugal, as it Appeared in 1766 to Dumouriez Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, Lausanne (1775), and London (1797), p. 18.
Lafuente, Modesto – Historia General de España Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, tome XX, third part, 8th book, Madrid, 1858, p. 55.
Monteiro, Nuno Gonçalo – D. José: na sombra de Pombal, Temas e Debates, 2008, p. 198 Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine.
Speelman, Patrick and Danley, Mark – The Seven Years' War: Global Views Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, 2012, p. 439.
Speelman, Patrick and Danley, Mark – The Seven Years' War: Global Views Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, 2012, p. 439.
Journal of the Society for Army Historical research, vol. 59, London, 1981, p. 25 Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine.
Dumouriez, Charles – An Account of Portugal, as it Appeared in 1766 to Dumouriez Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, Lausanne (1775), and London (1797), Chapter VIII, p. 249.
In Le Nouvelliste Suiss Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, July 1762, Newchatel, p. 277 Archived 29 July 2018 at the Wayback Machine.
The London Chronicle for The Year 1762 ""in their attempt to take it by ' a coup de main, have lost, it is said, 600 ' men" - Pesquisa Google". Archived from the original on 14 August 2021. Retrieved 3 August 2014.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link), Vol. XII (from 30 June, to 31 December), number 86 (from 29 June to 1 July), p. 6.
The London Chronicler, or Universal evening Post Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine (for the year of 1762), vol. XII, nr. 86 (from Tuesday, 29 June, to Thursday, 1 July 1762), London, p. 6 Archived 22 December 2014 at the Wayback Machine.
In The London Chronicler Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, 1762, (from 29 June to 1 July).
"The Spanish failure in 1762 to exploit their early successes by a march to capture Oporto, the major town in Northern Portugal, proved operationally decisive." In Black, Jeremy – European Warfare in a Global Context, 1660–1815 Archived 9 September 2018 at the Wayback Machine, Routledge, 2007, p. 41.
Dumouriez, Charles – An Account of Portugal, as it Appeared in 1766 to Dumouriez Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, Lausanne (1775), and London (1797), chapter 3, p. 20.
Serrão, Joaquim Veríssimo – História de Portugal: O Despotismo Iluminado (1750–1807) Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, vol. VI da História de Portugal, Editorial Verbo, 1977, p.61.
Serrão, Joaquim Veríssimo – História de Portugal: O Despotismo Iluminado (1750–1807) Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, vol. VI da História de Portugal, Editorial verbo, 1977, p.61.
Ponce, José Luis Terrón – La Casaca y la Toga: Luces y sombras de la reforma militar en el reinado de Carlos III Archived 2014-07-07 at archive.today, Institut Menorquí d'Estudis, Mahón, 2011, Chapter 2: La campaña de Portugal en 1762, pp.11–21 Archived 2014-07-14 at the Wayback Machine, p. 13.
"This province [of Trás-os Montes] is not worth an attack in a war between Spain and Portugal; it is even dangerous for the Spaniards to penetrate into it, as they found to their cost in the late war; 40,000 men advanced to Chaves, Bragança and Miranda...and about a fourth of their number died there..." In Dumouriez, Charles – An Account of Portugal, as it Appeared in 1766 to Dumouriez Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, Lausanne (1775), and London (1797), p. 20 Archived 12 January 2020 at the Wayback Machine.
"...it was found that the Marquis of Marialva and the Field-Marshals Count of Angeja, Count of Arcos and José Leite de Sousa were approaching Lamego with 7 regiments, British forces and militias. If this force entered Trás-os Montes, it could divide the two wings of the Spanish army – that trying to reach Oporto through the mountains, and that trying to reach the left bank of the Douro – which was a huge risk." in Barrento, António – Guerra Fantástica, Portugal, o Conde de Lippe e a Guerra dos Sete Anos Archived 8 January 2020 at the Wayback Machine, Tribuna, Lisboa, 2006, pp. 55–56.
"(...). In fact they made a very good effort; the Trás-os Montes invasion was turned back" (p. 150 Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine) "... On the South Bank [of the river Douro] O'Hara was at Lamego, where a considerable Portuguese regular force was mobilizing, and in the mountains near Vila Real the enemy were afraid of being cut off by the auxiliaries there and found it prudent to retire. (p. 151 Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine)" in Francis, Alan Davis – Portugal 1715–1808 Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, Tamesis Book Limited, London, 1985.
Academia Portuguesa da História- Anais Archived 19 July 2017 at the Wayback Machine, 1986, p. 396.
«De Espanha, nem bom vento nem bom casamento». La guerra como determinante de las difíciles relaciones entre las dos Coronas Ibéricas en la Península y en América. 1640–1808 Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine (in Spanish, pp. 29–111) in Anais de História de além-mar, Vol X, Juan Marchena Fernandez, 2009, Anais de História de além-mar, p. 71.
Masséna's Aide-de-camp (1810), cited in Pecchio, Giuseppe – Lettres Historiques et Politiques sur le Portugal, 1830, p. 303 Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine.
Journal of the Society for Army Historical Research ""the Portuguese had to stave off the first Spanish invasion on their own" - Pesquisa Google". Archived from the original on 14 August 2021. Retrieved 4 July 2014.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link), vol. 59, London, 1981, p. 25.
"In April, because the war with Portugal was going badly for the Spanish troops, he [Count of Aranda] was ordered to return to Spain..." in María-Dolores, Albiac Blanco – El Conde de Aranda: los Laberintos del Poder Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, Caja de Ahorros de la Inmaculada de Aragón, 1998, p. 67.
Alonso, José Ramon – Historia Política del Ejército Español, Editora Nacional, 1974, p. 49 Archived 28 November 2017 at the Wayback Machine.
The Gentleman's and London Magazine: Or Monthly Chronologer, 1741–1794 Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, year of 1762, p. 483.
"Count La Lippe, who was placed at the head of the allied forces, was one of the best soldiers of the age, and the Portuguese furnished a good raw material, although wretchedly equipped and officered. Nevertheless the heterogeneous body of English, Germans, and Portuguese collected under La Lippe made a very good fight of it, and Burgoyne, now a brigadier at the head of 3,000 cavalry, mostly Portuguese, distinguished himself...", in Cook, John D. and others – The Saturday Review of Politics, Literature, Science and Art Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, Vol. 41, John W. Parker and Son, 1876, p. 369.
"... he was a man born to command, of eccentric character but highly educated, and one of the most renowned engineer officers: he soon established an order and discipline amongst the Portuguese troops, which gave them the ability to contend successfully with the Spaniards in this campaign, and which entitles him to distinction in all military annals. The Citadel of Elvas still perpetuates his name to Portuguese gratitude, Fort Lippe...", in Cust, Edward- Annals of the Wars of the Eighteen Century Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, Vol. III (1760–1783), London, 1858, p.74.
"As Commander-in-Chief of the effete Portuguese army... he had repelled, in the brilliant peninsular campaigns of 1761–3, superior Franco-Spanish Forces." In Prothero, George Walter – The Quarterly Review Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, vol. 221, John Murray, 1914, p. 394.
"The [Anglo-Portuguese] allies won by adroit marches and counter-marches, so that although...the enemy, by superior numbers, could possibly have won, they were always confronted by defenders in a good position and never dared to risk an all-out attack. A Campaign won without the major casualties of battle [for the Anglo-Portuguese]". In Journal of the Society for Army Historical research Archived 8 October 2017 at the Wayback Machine, vol. 59, London, 1981, p. 25 Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine.
"... The movements of the Anglo-Portuguese troops forced the Spanish army of General Aranda to withdraw." In Mendes, J. Caria- John Hunter in Portugal Archived 10 February 2020 at the Wayback Machine, 1963, page 61 Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine (originally published in Semana Médica, nr. 91, 22 January 1961 and translated by Dr. Guerra of the Wellcome Medical Library).
"In 1762 he was chosen to command the united English and Portuguese army in a victorious war against the Spanish". In Radant, Friedhelm – From Baroque to Storm and Stress, 1720–1775, Vol. IV of Literary History of Germany, Croom Helm, 1977, p. 137 Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine.
Philippson, Martin – The Age of Frederick the great Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, vol. 15, Lea Brothers & Company, 1905, p. 103 Archived 4 July 2017 at the Wayback Machine.
"The Bourbons... planned the invasion in three divisions: the first, in the north of Portugal, between the Minho and the Douro; the second, in the middle, between the Douro and the Tagus; and the third, to the south of the Tagus, to co-operate on that side with the middle corps in its attempt upon Lisbon. The northern division... commenced hostilities; entered the Portuguese province of Trás-os-Montes and..." in Bisset, Robert – The History of the Reign of George III Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, Vol. I, Philadelphia, 1822, p. 188.
Speelman, Patrick and Danley, Mark – The Seven Years' War: Global Views ""Bourbon casualties mounted because the Portuguese peasantry waged a relentless war of revenge" - Pesquisa Google". Archived from the original on 14 August 2021. Retrieved 4 July 2014.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link), 2012, p. 447 ""disrupted the concentration of the third Spanish column" - Pesquisa Google". Archived from the original on 14 August 2021. Retrieved 6 September 2014.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link).
"... In testimony to the cruel reality were the devastated fields, by order of the government, to embarrass the invasion by hunger, and along roadsides, the bones of the Spaniards slaughtered by the rural people..." In Azevedo, J. Lúcio de – O Marquês de Pombal e a sua época (in Portuguese), 2nd edition, Annuário do Brasil, Rio de Janeiro, p. 241 Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine.
"the Spanish invaded Tralos Montes, and had to retreat with 'loss'..." in Neale, John Mason – A History of Portugal Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, Joseph Masters, London, 1846, p. 220.
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Stein, Stanley and Stein, Barbara – Apogee of Empire: Spain and New Spain in the Age of Charles III, 1759–1789 Archived 26 July 2017 at the Wayback Machine, Johns Hopkins University Press, 2004, chapter Imperilled Colonies and Spain's Response ""Esquilache himself went to Portugal" - Pesquisa Google". Archived from the original on 14 August 2021. Retrieved 4 July 2014.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link).
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"Almeida, a key frontier town whose possession could open up the route to Lisbon, was in chaos. Its fortifications were second rate and its inhabitants terrified of Spanish aggression." In Speelman, Patrick and Danley, Mark – The Seven Years' War: Global Views Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, 2012, p. 437 Archived 20 December 2014 at the Wayback Machine.
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"Aranda...attacked Almeida, and after a siege of nine days, forced the garrison of fifteen hundred men to surrender." In Coxe, William – España Bajo el Reinado de la Casa de Borbon Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, Tome IV, Establecimiento Tipográfico, Madrid, 1847, p. 122.
James, George – Lives of the most eminent foreign statesmen Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, vol. V, 1838, p.135.
"Although this war was undertaken entirely in the national interests, nay, in defence of the very existence of Portugal, it was viewed with disfavour by an influential if not a large portion of the population...Colonel Anderson, belonging to the British contingent, and serving on the staff of the Count of Santiago, writes to Burgoyne: -'you may depend upon receiving the best of intelligence of the enemy's motions; but hitherto the Conde de Santiago has found it very difficult to get good intelligence. It's odd, you'll say, when every peasant might reasonably be supposed to be a spy for him. These do not look on the Spaniards as their enemy; they think their cause the cause of the Jesuits and the cause of God. The people of condition, the Excellencies and the hidalgos have so insuperable a hatred to the minister, as to sacrifice their king, their country, and even their honour, to feed it. I have, however, the happiness here to be under as honest a man as ever lived [Portuguese commander Count of Santiago], with as good a heart as it is possible to imagine.'" In Edward Barrington de Fonblanque – Political and military episodes in the latter half of the nineteenth century Archived 4 April 2017 at the Wayback Machine, Macmillan and Co., London, 1876, pp. 36–37 Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine.
Foy, Maximilien – History of the War in the Peninsula, Under Napoleon Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, vol. I, London, 1827, p. 255.
Francis, Alan David, Portugal 1715–1808 Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, 1985, p. 150.
Godoy, Manuel – Memorias Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, Emilio La Parra López, Elisabel Larriba (editors), Publicaciones Universidad de Alicante, 2008, p. 756.
"These peasants they [the Spaniards] hanged and shot whenever they fell into their hands; and their incensed comrades committed, in return, the most merciless barbarities on their prisoners". In Cassel, John; Smith, John and Howitt, William – John Cassel's Illustrated History of England Archived 20 June 2018 at the Wayback Machine, vol. 5, London, 1861, p. 17 Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine.
Academia Portuguesa da História- Anais Archived 19 July 2017 at the Wayback Machine, 1986, p. 401.
Speelman, Patrick and Danley, Mark – The Seven Years' War: Global Views ""harass the Spanish on the flanks and rear" - Pesquisa Google". Archived from the original on 14 August 2021. Retrieved 4 October 2014.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link), 2012, p. 446 Archived 29 October 2018 at the Wayback Machine.
See Lippe, Mémoire de la Campagne de Portugal de 1762 Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, 1770, pp. 25–28.
Lippe – Mémoire de la Campagne de Portugal de 1762 Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine. 1770, pages 44–45.
"... Portugal concentrated 15, 000 men [the complete Allied army consisted of 7,000 to 8,000 Portuguese plus 7,104 British] at the city of Abrantes and effectively barred the Spanish thrust. Then... the Spaniards` supply system failed, causing the troops to go hungry." In Santiago, Mark – The Red Captain: The Life of Hugo O'Conor, Commandant Inspector of the Interior Provinces of New Spain Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, Arizona historical Society, 1994, p. 14.
"To Burgoyne, who had embarked for the Tagus with his light horse, early in May, and who now held the local rank of Brigadier-General, the organization of his brigade of 3,000 men, of whom nearly two-thirds were Portuguese, must, in spite of his love of soldiering, have been an irksome task, (...)", in Political and military episodes in the latter half of the nineteenth century Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, Macmillan and Co., London, 1876, p.35 Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine.
"... mainly owing to the brilliant services of Brigadier-General Burgoyne, the Spaniards were defeated at Valencia de Alcántara and Vila Velha, and peace was made on 10th February 1763." In Encyclopædia Britannica: A-ZYM Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine (William Smith, Day Kellogg, Thomas Baynes), vol. XIX, 1903, p. 550.
"... Burgoyne's successful leadership brought the Portuguese campaign to a victorious end by the time the Autumnal rains commenced in November 1762. The Seven Years' War was virtually over." In Hargrove, Richard – General John Burgoyne Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, University of Delaware Press, 1983, p. 38.
Jeudwine, John – Religion, commerce, liberty: a record of a time of storm and change, 1683–1793 Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, Longmans, Green, 1925, p. 160.
Letter from the Allied commander (Earl of Loudoun) to the Earl of Egremont, Mação, 9 October 1762: "As soon as the enemy perceived our intention of drawing back, they pushed a corps over the river Alvito, to harass our rearguard, which was composed of the four English regiments, six companies of Portuguese grenadiers, a few of our light dragoons, and a regiment of Portuguese cavalry, with the four British field-pieces...but upon my ordering one of the guns to be brought up, which Major M. Bean conducted so effectually that hardly any shot was fired that did not take place among the enemy, they thought proper to retire...the country-people report, that they have buried 40 of the enemy. I can not omit mentioning to your Lordship that the Portuguese grenadiers showed upon this occasion, not only a very good countenance, but the utmost readiness and alertness in forming upon all the different occasions where it was necessary." In Boswell, James – The Scots Magazine, vol. XXIV, Edinburgh, 1762, p.551 Archived 11 September 2017 at the Wayback Machine.
"The attack was led by Lt. col. Charles Lee of the Dragoons of whom some, perhaps the majority, were Portuguese." In Francis, Alan David – Portugal 1715–1808 Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, Tamesis Books Limited, London, 1985, p.158 Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine.
Encyclopédie du dix-neuvième siècle ""En 1762, les Espagnols y furent défaits par les Portugais." - Pesquisa Google". Archived from the original on 14 August 2021. Retrieved 21 September 2014.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link), vol I, Paris, 1858, page 106.
Lippe – Mémoire de la Campagne de Portugal de 1762 Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine. 1770, pages 46- 47.
Oman, Charles – A History of the Peninsular War Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, vol III, Clarendon Press, 1908, p.183 Archived 18 August 2018 at the Wayback Machine, p.184 Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine and p. 185 Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine.
"... lower Beira could not provide for the enemy neither food, nor chariots nor peasants to build roads: the Count of Santiago had been ordered... to make disappear from this province everything that could be eaten or used as road; but what mainly contributed to the scarcity in the province was the cruel procedure of the enemy against the inhabitants, many of whom were killed, and their villages were looted and torched in revenge for the deaths caused by the peasants... thus, many inhabitants in order to escape the atrocities of the enemy, had left their homes, taking with them their cattle, food and whatever they could carry...", in Lippe, Count of – Mémoire de la Campagne de Portugal de 1762 ""faire retirer de cette province tout ce qui" - Pesquisa Google". Archived from the original on 14 August 2021. Retrieved 24 October 2014.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link), 1770, pp. 39–41.
Sardinha, António – A Questão Ibérica ""A segunda zona é a que mais directamente leva á peninsula de Lisboa;" - Pesquisa Google". Archived from the original on 14 August 2021. Retrieved 8 November 2014.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link), Almeida, Miranda & Sousa, 1916, p. 274.
Crowe Eyre Evans – The History of France ""the hilly country North of Lisbon" - Pesquisa Google". Archived from the original on 14 August 2021. Retrieved 8 November 2014.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link), vol. IV, 1866, p. 286.
A study on some of these defensive constructions can be found in Monteiro, Mário; Pereira, André – O Forte das Batarias Sobre a Ribeira do Alvito Archived 21 December 2014 at the Wayback Machine, AÇAFA On Line, nr. 1, 2008 Associação de Estudos do Alto Tejo.
Anderson, Fred – Crucible of War: The Seven Years` War and the Fate of Empire in British North America, 1754–1766 ""unable to secure their lines of communication, " - Pesquisa Google". Archived from the original on 14 August 2021. Retrieved 25 October 2014.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link), USA, 2001, p. 497.
Aspinall, Arthur – The Correspondence of George, Prince of Wales, 1770–1812 Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, Oxford University Press, 1971, p. 12.
Weller, Jac; Uffindell, Andrew – On Wellington: the Duke and his art of War Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, Greenhill Books, 1998, p.99.
Mémoire de la Campagne de Portugal de 1762, 1770, Page 47 Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine.
Mémoire de la Campagne de Portugal de 1762 Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, 1770, page 48.
Count of Lippe in his own words: "The Count Marshal, in order to embarrass the enemy... and to force its retreat back into Spain, risked ordering Townshend... to join the troops commanded by Lord Lenox... and after the junction...to take Penamacor in order to cut off the communication of the enemy army with... Ciudad Rodrigo ... [Spain] the arriving of this [combined] troops over the enemy's right and its rearguard... Townshend...suddenly reappeared in [the Province of] Beira by a counter march of forty leagues through the most rude mountains of Portugal: (...) thanks both to Townshend's skill and to the admirable perseverance of the Portuguese soldier... who left the traces of their bleeding feet in the sharp rocks...", in Lippe, Count of – Mémoire de la Campagne de Portugal de 1762 Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine. 1770, pages 41–43 Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine.
The Royal Military Chronicle ""The alarm excited in the rear of the enemy by the troops under General Townsend" - Pesquisa Google". Archived from the original on 14 August 2021. Retrieved 7 October 2014.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link), vol V, London, 1812, p. 51.
"Lippe... withdraws to Abrantes, which was strengthened to preclude the passage of the Aranda's army [toward Lisbon], while at the same time, orders General Townshend... to cut off the retreat of the enemy army by occupying Penamacor and Monsanto... threatened with destruction as Count of Lippe moves its forces... Aranda retreats to Castelo Branco...the lower Beira is released, while Aranda, systematically harassed and threatened in the rear, eventually withdraws [back into Spain]". In Lousada, Abílio – Exército, jornal do (Army, journal of the) Archived 5 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine, nr. 598 (August – September, 2010), Peres-Soctip Indústrias Gráficas SA, suplemento (chapter) "Schaumburg-Lippe e a Guerra Fantástica", p. 153. ISSN 0871-8598.
"And Aranda... ingloriously withdrew his discouraged and diminished army...", in Ward, Sir Adolphus and others – The Cambridge Modern History Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, vol. 6, 1909, p. 369.
"the Bourbon army began withdrawing back into Spain via Valencia, even though rearguard detachments harassed the advancing allied units." In Speelman, Patrick and Danley, Mark – The Seven Years' War: Global Views Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, 2012, p. 452 Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine.
Speelman, Patrick and Danley, Mark: "... the Spanish troops had retired to Spain as British detachments closely followed them to the frontier." In The Seven Years' War: Global Views Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, 2012, p. 448
"The frontier filled with Spanish deserters eager to be captured ...", in Speelman, Patrick and Danley, Mark – The Seven Years' War: Global Views Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, 2012, p. 452 Archived 29 October 2018 at the Wayback Machine.
The Royal Military Chronicle ""d'Aranda retreated at leisure, leaving his sick and wounded in the hospital at Caste! L o Branco," - Pesquisa Google". Archived from the original on 14 August 2021. Retrieved 14 August 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link), vol V, London, 1812, pp. 52, 53.
Speelman, Patrick and Danley, Mark – The Seven Years' War: Global Views ""torched those who offered resistance" - Pesquisa Google". Archived from the original on 14 August 2021. Retrieved 24 July 2014.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link), 2012, p. 452.
See Arenas, Mar García – Los Proyectos del General Dumouriez Sobre la Invasión de Portugal in El Equilibrio de los Imperios: de Utrecht a Trafalgar Archived 3 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine, Actas de la VIII Reunión Científica de la Fundación Española de Historia Moderna (Madrid, 2–4 de Junio de 2004), vol. II, Fundación Española de Historia Moderna, 2005, p. 544.
His report on Portugal earned Dumouriez the rank of colonel in the French army (1772), a reward of 18,000 francs (1768), the rank of Aide-Maréchal-Général of the French invading army sent to Corsica (1768) and he received the personal thanks of French foreign minister, Choiseul, in a public audience (1768). He was also rewarded with the rank of lieutenant-colonel of a Spanish corps (called the "foreign legion") by Charles III of Spain (which he rejected). Later, his military information about Portugal would be used by Junot (first Napoleonic invasion of Portugal, 1807) and Soult (Second Napoleonic invasion of Portugal, 1809). See FEller, François-Xavier – Dictionnaire Historique Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, vol. VI, Paris, 1827, p. 169 Archived 4 June 2018 at the Wayback Machine; see also Arenas, Mar García – Los Proyectos del General Dumouriez Sobre la Invasión de Portugal in El Equilibrio de los Imperios: de Utrecht a Trafalgar Archived 3 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine, Actas de la VIII Reunión Científica de la Fundación Española de Historia Moderna (Madrid, 2–4 de Junio de 2004), vol. II, Fundación Española de Historia Moderna, 2005, p. 550.
Dumouriez, Charles – An Account of Portugal, as it Appeared in 1766 to Dumouriez Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, Lausanne (1775), and London (1797), chapter 5, pp. 134–135.
Sales, Ernesto Augusto – O Conde de Lippe em Portugal Archived 21 March 2017 at the Wayback Machine, Vol 2, Publicações de Comissão de História Militar, Minerva, 1936, page 29 Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine.
Letter of John Hamilton to Townsend, Alpedrinha, 24 October 1762, cited by Speelman, Patrick and Danley, Mark – The Seven Years' War: Global Views Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, 2012, p. 448.
Lippe, Mémoire de la Campagne de Portugal de 1762 Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, 1770, Page 47 Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine and page 48.
Lippe, Mémoire de la Campagne de Portugal de 1762 Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, 1770, p. 53
Eduard Hay reporting to the Earl of Egremont. See British Scholar C. R. Boxer in Descriptive List of the State Papers Portugal, 1661–1780, in the Public Record Office, London: 1724–1765 Archived 6 January 2020 at the Wayback Machine, Vol II, Lisbon, Academia das Ciências de Lisboa, with the collaboration of the British Academy and the P.R.O., 1979, p. 415. See also Costa, Fernando Dores – Nova História Militar de Portugal Archived 20 January 2020 at the Wayback Machine, Círculo de Leitores, Vol. II, Coordinator: António Hespanha, 2004, p. 358, footnote 280.
Count of Rosenberg to Kaunitz, Escorial, letter of November 18, 1762, and Goessel to Bernstorff, Madrid, letter of January 3, 1763. Cited by Olaechea, Rafael- Contribución al estúdio del «Motín contra Esquilache» (1766) Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, in Tiempos Modernos 8 (2003), p. 9, footnote nr. 40.
Henry, Isabelle – Dumouriez: Général de la Révolution (1739–1823) Archived 8 March 2021 at the Wayback Machine, L'Harmattan, Paris, 2002, p. 87 Archived 8 August 2017 at the Wayback Machine.
"Altogether, it was possible to collect an army of 40,000 men (p. 11)... With the army, by then reduced to 20,000 men... completely devoid of food, [Aranda] could do little (p.14)." In Ponce – La Casaca y la Toga: Luces y sombras de la reforma militar en el reinado de Carlos III Archived 2014-07-07 at archive.today, Institut Menorquí d'Estudis, Mahón, 2011, Chapter 2: La campaña de Portugal en 1762, pp.11–21 Archived 2014-07-14 at the Wayback Machine.
"... Spain ordered 40,000 men to march into Portugal (page 247) Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine ... The Spanish forces, when they arrived at the frontier, were reduced to 25,000 men, (...). This war, which might have crushed Portugal, gave it a degree of vigour and elasticity ... and produced a military spirit (page 254) Archived 16 January 2020 at the Wayback Machine ...", in Dumouriez, Charles – An Account of Portugal, as it Appeared in 1766 to Dumouriez Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, Lausanne (1775) and London (1797).
General Dumouriez, Charles – An Account of Portugal, as it Appeared in 1766 to Dumouriez Archived 2 July 2020 at the Wayback Machine, Lausanne (1775), and London (1797), p. 247.
See Dumouriez, Charles – An Account of Portugal, as it Appeared in 1766 to Dumouriez Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, Lausanne (1775), and London (1797), p.254.
"... because the precedent disaster in the Fantastic War -as the invasion of 1762 is known in Portuguese historiography- should have been a lesson... Dumouriez's mission was to study the campaign of 1762, find the reasons of the failure; and through a detailed observation in situ of the geography and military state of the Portuguese crown, to devise an effective plan of campaign for a future war." In Arenas, Mar García. Los Proyectos del General Dumouriez Sobre la Invasión de Portugal In El Equilibrio de los Imperios: de Utrecht a Trafalgar Archived 3 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine, Actas de la VIII Reunión Científica de la Fundación Española de Historia Moderna (Madrid, 2–4 de Junio de 2004), vol. II, Fundación Española de Historia Moderna, 2005, p. 541.
"The opinion of Dumouriez... was omitted in the copy that was to be delivered to the office of Charles III, by order of the French ambassador Ossun...since it could hurt Spanish susceptibility." See Arenas, Mar García – Los Proyectos del General Dumouriez Sobre la Invasión de Portugal in El Equilibrio de los Imperios: de Utrecht a Trafalgar Archived 3 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine, Actas de la VIII Reunión Científica de la Fundación Española de Historia Moderna (Madrid, 2–4 de Junio de 2004), volumen II, published in 2005, page 548 (see also p. 541).
Here are the omitted references (disclosing that the Portuguese guerrillas were worsting the Spanish army): "The peasantry also form a militia..., who serve without pay, but engage with great fury, and are very formidable to the Spaniards, by their manner of fighting; as from the ignorance of their Generals, the neglect of their officers, and the want of discipline in the soldiers, the latter are ever exposed to ambuscades, assassinations, and sudden attacks." In An Account of Portugal, as it Appeared in 1766 to Dumouriez, Lausanne (1775), and London (1797), p.109 Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine; and also: García Arenas (2004), pp. 41, 73 and 74.
"The Russian strategy 'was learned from British military leader Wellington, who, in alliance with Portuguese guerrilla forces' had resisted French invasion in the Peninsular War in a similar manner two years earlier." In Hough, Peter – Environmental Security Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, Routledge, New York, 2014, p. 58.
"... his 'Grand Army' of French and allied troops was annihilated by the terrible winter, disease (typhus), and the stamina of the Russian guerrillas, using 'tactics similar' to those of Spain and Portugal." In Greer, Thomas; Lewis, Gavin – A Brief History of the Western World Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, 9th edition, Thomson wadsworth, 2004, p. 470 Archived 3 May 2018 at the Wayback Machine.
"For the next four months, the [French] army of Portugal maintained its vigil at a cost of more than twenty five thousand men. Of these, only two thousand were killed in action, and nearly eight thousand were captured or deserted, while the rest fell to disease and starvation." In Moon, Joshua – Wellington's Two- Front War: The Peninsular Campaigns, at Home and Abroad, 1808–1814 Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, University of Oklahoma Press, USA, 2012, p. 73.
Esdaile, Charles – The Peninsular War: a New History Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, Penguin Books, London, 2003, chapter 12 Archived 27 July 2017 at the Wayback Machine.
Historian Lawrence H. Gipson uses the expression "the disintegration of the Spanish army" (see The British Empire before the American Revolution: the great war for the Empire: the culmination, 1760–1763 Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, Knopf, 1954, p. 260); while Portuguese historian Fernando Dores Costa wrote about the Spanish army's "spectrum of decomposition" (see Nova História Militar de Portugal Archived 20 January 2020 at the Wayback Machine, vol. II, Círculo de Leitores, Coordinator: António Hespanha, 2004, p. 358, footnote 280.). Also Portuguese historian Nuno Monteiro wrote that "... although there have been no battles in this strange war, severe losses occurred [on the Spanish side]" (see D. José: na sombra de Pombal Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, Temas e Debates, 2008, p. 198 Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine).
Journal of the Royal United Service Institution, Whitehall Yard, Vol. 63, W. Mitchell, United Kingdom, 1918, p. 196 Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine.
Cassel, John; Smith, John and Howitt, William – John Cassel's Illustrated History of England Archived 20 June 2018 at the Wayback Machine, vol. 5, London, 1861, chapter I (Reign of George III), p. 20 Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine.
See The Annual Register Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, Burke, Edmund, London, 1784 (General Index): "Castel Branco, defeat of the Spaniards in the Territory of,"
Academia Portuguesa da História- Anais ""com os júbilos da vitória" - Pesquisa Google". Archived from the original on 14 August 2021. Retrieved 14 August 2014.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link), 1969, p. 132.
Gipson, Lawrence – The British Empire before the American Revolution: the great war for the Empire: the culmination, 1760–1763, vol. 8, Knopf, 1954, p. 260 Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine.
Prowse, D. W. – A History of Newfoundland: from the English, Colonial and Foreign Records Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, Heritage Books Inc., 2007, p. 311 Archived 27 November 2016 at the Wayback Machine.
Úrdañez, José Luis Gómez – Víctimas Ilustradas del Despotismo. El Conde de Superonda, Culpable y Reo, ante el Conde de Aranda Archived 14 July 2014 at the Wayback Machine, Universidad de la Rioja, 2009, p. 8 Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine (part of the investigation project El Imperio Español, Desde la Decadencia a la España Discreta..., HAR 2009-13824).
"... by mid 1762, [the allied commander, Lippe] had delivered the Lusitanian territory from the Spanish invaders, who kept only two borderland fortresses, and quickly celebrated the triumph of concluding such an honourable peace for Portugal, as the Peace of Hubertusburg was for Frederick the Great." In Medina, Eduardo de – Revista europea Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, Vol. 11, Madrid, 1878, p. 280.
"In the opening of the campaign, success attended the arms of the invaders: they took Miranda, Braganza, and Almeida. Here their triumphs ceased. (...) Lippe arrived from Germany, and assumed the command. In his operations he was well assisted by General Burgoyne, and they had soon the glory of freeing the Portuguese soil from the Bourbon army." In Dunham, Samuel A. – "The History of Spain and Portugal" Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, vol. 5, London, 1832, "pp.258–59".
"... The Spaniards who had passed the mountains in three divisions [North, centre and South of Portugal] ...after having taken many places, now imagined that they would soon become masters of the whole kingdom, found themselves under the necessity of abandoning their conquests, and of evacuating Portugal." In Beaumont, Alexander – "The History of Spain" Archived 21 November 2017 at the Wayback Machine, London, 1809, p. 458
"... The Portuguese, with the aid of their allies, had driven the Spaniards out of their country." In "Collections of the New York Historical Society: The John watts De Peyster publication fund series, vol. 7", The Society, 1875, p.213 Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine.
Hart, Francis Russel – The Siege of Havana: 1762 Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, Houghton Mifflin, 1931, p. 52 Archived 9 January 2020 at the Wayback Machine.
"Lippe deserves far more than the eight miniature gold cannon mounted on silver carriages [or six, according to other sources], 80,000 gold moidares, and numerous diamonds given to him by the Portuguese King upon his departure. So impressed was Oeiras that he retained Lippe's services so he could reform the Portuguese army and modernize the kingdom's defenses." In Speelman, Patrick and Danley, Mark – The Seven Years' War: Global Views Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, 2012, p. 457 Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine.
Black, Jeremy – America or Europe? British Foreign Policy, 1739–63 ""regaining colonial losses in Portugal" - Pesquisa Google". Archived from the original on 14 August 2021. Retrieved 30 July 2014.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link), University of Exeter, UCL Press, 2002, pp. 26–27.
"In September [this number increasing during the Bourbon retreat, in October], 3,000 French soldiers lay sick at Salamanca. (...)", in Danley Mark and Patrick Speelman – The Seven Years' War: Global Views Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, Brill, 2012, p. 452 Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine.
See Journal of the Society for Army Historical research Archived 8 October 2017 at the Wayback Machine, vol. 59, London, 1981, p.40.
Stephens, Henry – The History of Portugal Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, G. P. Putnam's sons, 1891, p. 363.
"In November the enemy attacked two small places, Marvão and Ouguela, but the long record of shameful capitulations at last ended. Ouguela was successfully held by a Portuguese commander, and Marvão... was defended by captain Brown of Armstrong's with a British detachment and some Portuguese. He replied to the summons with a reminder of the recent fall of Havana and dispersed the assailants with a burst of shellfire." In Journal of the Society for Army Historical Research Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, vol. 59, London, 1981, p. 40 Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine.
"A new wind swept the military [Portuguese] forces... Volunteers showed up to fight under his [Lippe's] command, and the Portuguese forces increased both quantitatively and qualitatively (page 129 Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine) ... In November... the [Franco-Spanish] allies had lost most of their infantry men and artillery, [while] Portuguese forces continued to grow up (page 131 Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine)". In Daehnhardt, Rainer- Segredos da História Luso-Alemã, Publicações Quipu, Lisboa, 1998, ISBN 9728408072.
"Our detachments pursued their rear-guard and took several prisoners. (...)", the allied commander Count of Lippe in Mémoire de la Campagne de Portugal de 1762 Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine. 1770, page 65 Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine.
Lippe, Mémoire de la Campagne de Portugal de 1762 ""Le délâbrement de leur cavallerie et le grand nombre de malades" - Pesquisa Google". Archived from the original on 14 August 2021. Retrieved 22 July 2014.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link), 1770, pp. 65–66 Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine.
"This German officer [La Lippe], who had learned the war in the school of Frederick the Great of Prussia, repelled the invasion and forced the [Bourbon] allies to sign an armistice on the 1st December 1762. (...) ", in Legrand, Théodoric – Histoire du Portugal Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine (in French), Payot, 1928, p. 82 Archived 1 October 2017 at the Wayback Machine.
Tandeter, Enrique (coordinator): Germán Carrera Damas- Historia General de América Latina: processos americanos hacia la redefinición colonial Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine (in Spanish), vol. 4, UNESCO, 2000, p. 22.
Ojer, Pablo- La Década Fundamental en la Controversia de Límites entre Venezuela y Colombia, 1881–1891 ""de los cuales fueron desalojados por los portugueses" - Pesquisa Google". Archived from the original on 8 March 2021. Retrieved 25 July 2014.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) (in Spanish), Academia Nacional de la Historia, 1988, p. 292 Archived 22 January 2020 at the Wayback Machine.
United States Army Corps of Engineers- Report on Orinoco-Casiquiare-Negro Waterway. Venezuela-Colombia-Brazil, July 1943 ""São Gabriel was founded during the Portuguese conquest in 1763," - Pesquisa Google". Archived from the original on 14 August 2021. Retrieved 26 September 2017.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link), Vol. I, 1943, p. 15.
"The land on their own side [Portuguese side of the river Guaporé] afforded nothing on which they could rely, whereas the country of the [Spanish] Missions [left bank of the Guaporé] abounded with cattle... The Spaniards... designed... to intercept the communication [of the Portuguese in S. Rosa] with Para... and... Villa Bella. This blockade might be easily maintained, because they drew their supplies from the reductions; whereas the garrison [of S. Rosa], being confined to their own shore, would be distressed for food... and might thus be reduced without a blow. (...). The Portuguese...made an expedition against the Reduction of S. Miguel, which had been removed from the right Bank [to the left bank of the river Guaporé, in 1760, in accordance to the Treaty of Madrid, 1750]... they got possession of supplies which were intended for the [Spanish] army at Itanomas... the Portuguese kept possession of the territory of S. Miguel, which abounded with kine, horses and pigs... the Reduction of S. Martin voluntarily offered submission...D. António ventured to attack the Spaniards in their camp...the estacade was found too strong; but the boldness of this measure, thought unsuccessful, discouraged the Spaniards... they soon removed from their station... the encampment on the Mamoré was abandoned also: shortly after they fell back to S. Pedro: the Spaniards then returnrd to S. Cruz, and the expedition was broken up. The Portuguese then withdrew from the left shore." In Southern, Robert – History of Brazil Archived 25 April 2016 at the Wayback Machine, part third, London, 1819, p. 584 Archived 14 January 2020 at the Wayback Machine.
"... disease [caused by tropical conditions and the use of biological warfare by the Portuguese, according to the Spanish commander] and desertion had trimmed Verdugo [the Spanish Governor of Santa Cruz de la Sierra]'s levies from 610 to 303 by the time they reached San Pedro [head of the missions in Moxos, Bolivia, to where the Spanish remnants retreated]. (...) after two months on the Guaporé, the governor returned to Santa Cruz [Bolivia], leaving behind a skeleton force (...). In 1763 Moura retired from Mato Grosso the victor. He had advanced to the Guaporé [and beyond it, occupying Spanish territory in the left bank of this river until the end of the war: the territory of the Missions of S. Miguel and S. Martin, main sources of supply to the Spanish army.], fortified Portuguese positions on the river, and remained in the field as his rival retired. Moura's service earned him a hero's welcome from his commanders, a Knighthood, and eventually the office of Viceroy of Brazil." In Block, David – Mission Culture on the Upper Amazon: native Tradition, Jesuit enterprise and Secular Policy in Moxos, 1660–1880 Archived 8 March 2021 at the Wayback Machine, University of Nebraska Press, 1994, p. 51 Archived 12 January 2020 at the Wayback Machine.
Marley, David- Wars of the Americas: a chronology of armed conflict in the New World, 1492 to the present Archived 7 May 2021 at the Wayback Machine, vol. II, ABC-CLIO, USA, 2008, p. 449 Archived 6 May 2021 at the Wayback Machine and p. 450 Archived 22 February 2015 at the Wayback Machine
Bento, Cláudio Moreira- Brasil, conflitos externos 1500–1945 Archived 14 January 2012 at the Wayback Machine (electronic version), Academia de História Militar Terrestre do Brasil, chapter 5: As guerras no Sul 1763–77.
Ricardo Lesser- Las Orígenes de la Argentina, Editorial Biblos, 2003, see chapter El desastre Archived 22 February 2015 at the Wayback Machine, see pp. 63–72.
Bento, Cláudio Moreira- Rafael Pinto Bandeira in O Tuiuti Archived 22 February 2015 at the Wayback Machine, nr. 95, Academia de Historia Militar Terrestre do Brasil, 2013, pp. 3–18.
Pereira, Ione Aparecida- Guerra nas Missões de Mojos: uma análise do conflito luso-espanhol pela posse da antiga Missão Jesuítica de Santa Rosa de Mojos no rio Guaporé (1760–1764) Archived 12 February 2019 at the Wayback Machine, in the magazine Memória Americana [electronic version], Vol. 25, nr. 2, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, diciembre 2017, ISSN 1851-3751.
Godoy, Manuel (2008), La Parra López, Emilio; Larriba, Elisabel (eds.), Memorias, Publicaciones Universidad de Alicante, p. pp. 781–782, archived from the original on 14 August 2021
Speelman, Patrick and Danley, Mark – The Seven Years' War: Global Views Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, 2012, p. 457.
Henriques, Mendo C. – Vitória e Pirinéus, 1813: O Exército Português na Libertação de Espanha, Tribuna, Lisboa, 2008, p.35], inured to hardships, they were pre-eminently excellent on the march. Finally, the militia was very well adapted..." in The United Service Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, vol.132–139, American Periodical Series, 1850–1900, Lewis R. Hamersly & Company, 1904, p. 692.
Bradford in 1814, cited in Pivka, Otto Von – The Portuguese Army of the Napoleonic Wars Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, Osprey Publishing, New York, 1977, p. 19^{[permanent dead link‍]}.
"It was believed that Portugal, which had been thrown into the utmost disorder by a vicious court, would prove an easy conquest, and a united Spanish and French army at first met with little resistance; but the Portuguese people soon rose to defend their homes with such vigour, that all Choiseul's hopes in that quarter were extinguished" In Wright, Thomas – The History of France Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, vol. II, London, 1858, p. 354.
Société d` Histoire Générale et d`Histoire Diplomatique – Revue d`Histoire Diplomatique Archived 7 May 2021 at the Wayback Machine, vol. 37, Éditions A. Pedone, Paris, 1969, p. 195 Archived 6 May 2021 at the Wayback Machine.
"... in 1762 Portugal was invaded by Franco-Spanish troops, which were checked by the resistance of rural populations." In Alegria, José A. and Palais des beaux-arts – Triomphe du Baroque Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, RTBF, Brussels, 1991, p.29 Archived 16 September 2018 at the Wayback Machine.
Guillon, Maxime – Port Mahon; La France a Minorque sous Louis XV (1766–1763) Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, E. Leroux, 1894, p. 107.
Spanish Chief minister Ricardo Wall in a letter to Tanucci, 12 October 1762: "the circumstance of having to make war on a sterile country, and where each civilian is an enemy, makes it necessary to bring the supplies from Castile [Spain]... employing many troops to keep the conquered and to protect the [food] convoys...thus, the army possibly will not reach Lisbon before the Winter... contrary to what was planned [this prediction would prove prophetic since three days later the Franco-Spanish army initiated its disastrous retreat]". In Alarcia, Diego T. – El ministerio Wall: la "España discreta" del "ministro olvidado" Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, 2012, p. 155 Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine.
Monglave, Eugène – Histoire de l'Espagne, Chez Raymond Éditeur, Paris, 1825, p. 271 Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine.
"Preparations the Spanish Government made for war after signing the compact with France focused more on Portugal than the colonies. (...)", In Greentree, David – A Far-Flung Gamble – Havana 1762, Osprey Publishing, Oxford, 2010, p. 30 Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine.
Albistur, Rafael Olachea – Estudios sobre el siglo XVIII "«vergonzoso Tratado de París de 1763» "l. Así llamaría" - Pesquisa Google". Archived from the original on 14 August 2021. Retrieved 16 August 2014.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) (in Spanish), edited by Vicente Palacio Atard, Instituto Jeronimo Zurita C.S.I.C., Madrid, Anexos de la revista Hispania, nº 9, 1978, p. 201 Archived 19 November 2017 at the Wayback Machine. Albistur, Rafael – Estudios sobre el siglo XVIII ""avantage que la connoissance de sa foiblesse" - Pesquisa Google". Archived from the original on 14 August 2021. Retrieved 16 August 2014.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link), 1978, p. 201.
Dumouriez, Charles – An Account of Portugal, as it Appeared in 1766 to Dumouriez Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, Lausanne (1775), and London (1797), p. 247 Archived 7 January 2020 at the Wayback Machine.
Reflexiones Histórico-Militares que manifiestan los Motivos Porque se Mantiene Portugal Reino Independiente de España y Generalmente Desgraciadas Nuestras Empresas y que Lo Serán Mientras No se Tomen Otras Disposiciones, Borzas, 28 November 1772; cited in José Tertón Ponce – La Casaca y la Toga: Luces y sombras de la reforma militar en el reinado de Carlos III Archived 2014-07-07 at archive.today, Institut Menorquí d'Estudis, Mahón, 2011, La campaña de Portugal en 1762, pp.11–21 Archived 29 January 2016 at the Wayback Machine, p.21.
Cited in José Tertón Ponce – La Casaca y la Toga: Luces y sombras de la reforma militar en el reinado de Carlos III Archived 2014-07-07 at archive.today, Institut Menorquí d'Estudis, Mahón, 2011, Chapter 2: La campaña de Portugal en 1762, pp.11–21 Archived 2014-07-14 at the Wayback Machine, p.21.
Cornide, José (published by Juan M. Rosario Cebrián) – Los Viajes de José Cornide por España y Portugal de 1754 a 1801 Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, Real Academia de la Historia, Madrid, 2009, pp. 847–848 Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine.
Dziembowski, Edmond- La Guerre de Sept Ans (1756–1763) Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, Perrin, Ministère de la Defense, 2015, subchapter La France et l`Espagne Jouent et Perdent, in chapter 13, electronic book without numbered pages.
"But this Spanish navy, beaten everywhere, allows the British conquest of the Antilles, part of the Philippines and even Belle Isle-en-Mer. On land, defeat in Portugal (...). (...) the fateful pact did nothing but aggravate the situation, already so disastrous." In Lauvriére, Émile – Histoire de Louisiane Française : 1673–1939 Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, G.-P. Maisonneuve, 1940, p. 395.
"Spain's Charles III, following the military episode with Portugal, was increasingly reluctant to risk repeating his misfortunes of 1762–63... he wanted to have peace until the end of his reign..." In Brecher, Frank W.- Securing American Independence: John Jay and the French Alliance Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, Praeger Publishers, USA, 2003, pp. 50–51.
Ponce, José Luis Terrón – Ejército y Política en La España de Carlos III Archived 2014-07-07 at archive.today, vol. 37, de Collectión Adalid, Ministerio de Defensa, Secretaria General Técnica, 1997, p. 23 or page 5 ""la desastrosa expedición contra Portugal" - Pesquisa Google". Archived from the original on 14 August 2021. Retrieved 5 October 2014.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) of chapter La Monarquia Militar, part I: El Hecho Militar Durante El Reinado De Carlos III, La Situación del Ejército Y Su Reforma (in the electronic edition).
"... for it was from the trauma and humiliation suffered in the conflict that the third of its Bourbon kings, Charles III, and his ministers derived the sense of purpose and direction required for the formulation and implementation of the all – embracing process of modernization which historians refer to as the 'Bourbon reforms' ". In Fisher, John Robert – Bourbon Peru, 1750–1824 Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, Liverpool University Press, UK, 2003, p. 28 Archived 4 April 2017 at the Wayback Machine.
Carnota, John Smith A. – The Marquis of Pombal Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, 2nd edition, Longmans, Green, Reader, and Dyer, London, 1871, p.182 Archived 8 June 2018 at the Wayback Machine.
Abbot Béliardi, the agent of Choiseul at Madrid, writing on 18 October 1762: "(...) news of the taking of Havana has gravely upset the Spanish nation... there is no consolation for the irreparable loss of one third of Spain's naval forces, surrendered without a cannon shot." In Stein, Stanley and Stein, Barbara – Apogee of Empire: Spain and New Spain in the Age of Charles III, 1759–1789 Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, Johns Hopkins University Press, 2004, chapter "Imperiled Colonies and Spain's Response".
Úrdañez, José Luis Gómez – Víctimas Ilustradas del Despotismo. El Conde de Superunda, Culpable y Reo, ante el Conde de Aranda Archived 14 July 2014 at the Wayback Machine, Universidad de la Rioja, 2009, pp. 14–15 (part of the investigation project El Imperio Español, Desde la Decadencia a la España Discreta..., HAR 2009-13824).
"The 400 Portuguese infantry men, 40 troopers, 32 gunners, 230 militiamen ... are reinforced from Rio de Janeiro by a 10-ship convoy ... although conveying only 65 soldiers... ", in Marley, David- Wars of the Americas: a chronology of armed conflict in the New World, 1492 to the present Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, vol. II, ABC-CLIO, USA, 2008, p. 441-442 Archived 18 February 2015 at the Wayback Machine.
" [Portuguese colonel] Osório built a small fort which he called Santa Teresa, where he took shelter with 400 men and little artillery (January 1763). Next April, Ceballos, who had gathered in Maldonado a well provisioned army of more than 3,000 men with much artillery, invested the Lusitanian position. After a weak resistance, Osório surrendered with the remaining 130 men. All the other had deserted." In Instituto Histórico e Geográfico do Rio Grande do Sul- Revista do Instituto Histórico e Geográfico do Rio Grande do Sul Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, Edições 132–134, Brazil, 1998, p. 12.
Marley, David- Wars of the Americas: a chronology of armed conflict in the New World, 1492 to the present ""with 400 men of the Dragoon Regiment of rio Pardo," - Pesquisa Google". Archived from the original on 14 August 2021. Retrieved 18 February 2015.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link), vol. II, ABC-CLIO, USA, 2008, p. 441 Archived 18 February 2015 at the Wayback Machine.
"Four days later, the small fort of San Miguel fell into the hands of Cevallos, abandoned by the garrison of 30 men which stayed there under cap. João Teixeira.", In Instituto Histórico e Geográfico do Rio Grande do Sul- Revista do Instituto Histórico e Geográfico do Rio Grande do Sul Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, Edições 132–134, Brazil, 1998, p. 12.
"In the whole region of the Rio Grande, the Portuguese government did not have more than 1,000 soldiers, including regular and militia troops, spread over several trims." In Instituto Histórico e Geográfico do Rio Grande do Sul- Revista do Instituto Histórico e Geográfico do Rio Grande do Sul Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, Edições 132–134, Brazil, 1998, p. 12.
"(...). In this 'race for the Rio Grande [territory]', the border of Rio Pardo was the only one who resisted the Spanish invasion, thanks to Barreto Pereira Pinto courage and, above all, Francisco Pinto Bandeira, which shattered the army of captain Antonio Cattani on January 1, 1763. Pinto Bandeira, with only 230 dragoons and adventurers of St. Paul, fell like a hurricane over the 2,500 enemy soldiers. 'Never saw this territory such a stampede.' (...). Cattani's troops disbanded in panic. The commander, no time to put on the uniform, fled in underwear." In Barbosa, Fidélis D.- História do Rio Grande do Sul Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, Edições Est, 4th edition, Porto Alegre, 1976, p. 60 Archived 18 February 2015 at the Wayback Machine.
Branco, José-Obras do Barão do Rio Branco Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, vol. VI, Ministério das Relações exteriores, Brazil, p.3 Archived 18 February 2015 at the Wayback Machine.
Galdós, Benito – Guerra de la Independencia Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, vol I, Algaba Ediciones, Madrid, 2008, pp. 427–428.

wikipedia.org

pt.wikipedia.org

Between 7,000 and 8,000 Portuguese in Chagas, Pinheiro- História de Portugal, vol. VII, Lisboa, 1902, p. 40.
Carvalhosa, Manuel F. Barros (Viscount of Santarém) – Quadro Elementar das Relações Políticas e Diplomáticas de Portugal, Tome VI, Paris, 1850, p. XVI.
"Lippe executed forty years before Lord Wellington, a similar manoeuvre to that in which the distinct English General took shelter behind the Lines of Torres Vedras, thereby opposing an invincible barrier to the army of Massena. Count of Aranda found himself in the same position as Marshal Prince d'Essling, or perhaps in an even more critical situation. In fact, as the Napoleon's general, Aranda was forced to retreat or starve in Beira. (...) ", In Chagas, Pinheiro- História de Portugal, vol. VII, Lisboa, 1902, pp. 46–47.
"The land on their own side [Portuguese side of the river Guaporé] afforded nothing on which they could rely, whereas the country of the [Spanish] Missions [left bank of the Guaporé] abounded with cattle... The Spaniards... designed... to intercept the communication [of the Portuguese in S. Rosa] with Para... and... Villa Bella. This blockade might be easily maintained, because they drew their supplies from the reductions; whereas the garrison [of S. Rosa], being confined to their own shore, would be distressed for food... and might thus be reduced without a blow. (...). The Portuguese...made an expedition against the Reduction of S. Miguel, which had been removed from the right Bank [to the left bank of the river Guaporé, in 1760, in accordance to the Treaty of Madrid, 1750]... they got possession of supplies which were intended for the [Spanish] army at Itanomas... the Portuguese kept possession of the territory of S. Miguel, which abounded with kine, horses and pigs... the Reduction of S. Martin voluntarily offered submission...D. António ventured to attack the Spaniards in their camp...the estacade was found too strong; but the boldness of this measure, thought unsuccessful, discouraged the Spaniards... they soon removed from their station... the encampment on the Mamoré was abandoned also: shortly after they fell back to S. Pedro: the Spaniards then returnrd to S. Cruz, and the expedition was broken up. The Portuguese then withdrew from the left shore." In Southern, Robert – History of Brazil Archived 25 April 2016 at the Wayback Machine, part third, London, 1819, p. 584 Archived 14 January 2020 at the Wayback Machine.
"... disease [caused by tropical conditions and the use of biological warfare by the Portuguese, according to the Spanish commander] and desertion had trimmed Verdugo [the Spanish Governor of Santa Cruz de la Sierra]'s levies from 610 to 303 by the time they reached San Pedro [head of the missions in Moxos, Bolivia, to where the Spanish remnants retreated]. (...) after two months on the Guaporé, the governor returned to Santa Cruz [Bolivia], leaving behind a skeleton force (...). In 1763 Moura retired from Mato Grosso the victor. He had advanced to the Guaporé [and beyond it, occupying Spanish territory in the left bank of this river until the end of the war: the territory of the Missions of S. Miguel and S. Martin, main sources of supply to the Spanish army.], fortified Portuguese positions on the river, and remained in the field as his rival retired. Moura's service earned him a hero's welcome from his commanders, a Knighthood, and eventually the office of Viceroy of Brazil." In Block, David – Mission Culture on the Upper Amazon: native Tradition, Jesuit enterprise and Secular Policy in Moxos, 1660–1880 Archived 8 March 2021 at the Wayback Machine, University of Nebraska Press, 1994, p. 51 Archived 12 January 2020 at the Wayback Machine.

worldcat.org

"Lippe... withdraws to Abrantes, which was strengthened to preclude the passage of the Aranda's army [toward Lisbon], while at the same time, orders General Townshend... to cut off the retreat of the enemy army by occupying Penamacor and Monsanto... threatened with destruction as Count of Lippe moves its forces... Aranda retreats to Castelo Branco...the lower Beira is released, while Aranda, systematically harassed and threatened in the rear, eventually withdraws [back into Spain]". In Lousada, Abílio – Exército, jornal do (Army, journal of the) Archived 5 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine, nr. 598 (August – September, 2010), Peres-Soctip Indústrias Gráficas SA, suplemento (chapter) "Schaumburg-Lippe e a Guerra Fantástica", p. 153. ISSN 0871-8598.
Pereira, Ione Aparecida- Guerra nas Missões de Mojos: uma análise do conflito luso-espanhol pela posse da antiga Missão Jesuítica de Santa Rosa de Mojos no rio Guaporé (1760–1764) Archived 12 February 2019 at the Wayback Machine, in the magazine Memória Americana [electronic version], Vol. 25, nr. 2, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, diciembre 2017, ISSN 1851-3751.