Spectacled bear (English Wikipedia)

Boussingault, Jean Baptiste Joseph Dieudonné (2005). Memoirs. p. Capítulo XII El Salto de Tequendama – Historia de Manuelita Sáenz. Archived from the original on 2016-03-22. Retrieved 2016-04-12.

bbc.co.uk

"Spectacled bear, Andean bear, ucumari". BBC – Science & Nature – Wildfacts. BBC. Archived from the original on 2012-07-21. Retrieved 2008-05-30.

bearplanet.org

Spectacled Bears Archived 2007-11-21 at the Wayback Machine. Bear Planet. Retrieved on 2011-09-26.

bearsoftheworld.net

Spectacled Bears Archived 2011-03-07 at the Wayback Machine. Bears Of The World. Retrieved on 2011-09-26.

books.google.com

Sichra, Inge (2003). La vitalidad del quechua: lengua y sociedad en dos provincias de Cochabamba (in Spanish). Plural editores. p. 121. ISBN 978-99905-75-14-9.
Burton, Maurice; Burton, Robert (1970). The international wildlife encyclopedia. Marshall Cavendish. pp. 2470–. ISBN 978-0-7614-7266-7. Retrieved 26 September 2011.

brazilianfauna.com

Spectacled Bear Archived 2016-03-07 at the Wayback Machine. Brazilianfauna.com. Retrieved on 2011-09-26.

carnivoraforum.com

CARNIVORA – Spectacled Bear – Tremarctos ornatus Archived 2010-11-20 at the Wayback Machine. Carnivoraforum.com. Retrieved on 2011-09-26.

cites.org

"Appendices | CITES". cites.org. Archived from the original on 2017-12-05. Retrieved 2022-01-14.

doi.org

Velez-Liendo, X.; García-Rangel, S. (2018) [errata version of 2017 assessment]. "Tremarctos ornatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T22066A123792952. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T22066A45034047.en. Retrieved 14 February 2020.
Krause, J.; Unger, T.; Noçon, A.; Malaspinas, A.; Kolokotronis, S.; Stiller, M.; Soibelzon, L.; Spriggs, H.; Dear, P. H.; Briggs, A. W.; Bray, S. C. E.; O'Brien, S. J.; Rabeder, G.; Matheus, P.; Cooper, A.; Slatkin, M.; Pääbo, S.; Hofreiter, M. (2008). "Mitochondrial genomes reveal an explosive radiation of extinct and extant bears near the Miocene-Pliocene boundary". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 8 (220): 220. Bibcode:2008BMCEE...8..220K. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-8-220. PMC 2518930. PMID 18662376.
Kattan, Gustavo; Hernández, Olga Lucía; Goldstein, Isaac; Rojas, Vladimir; Murillo, Oscar; Gómez, Carolina; Restrepo, Héctor; Cuesta, Francisco (2004). "Range fragmentation in the spectacled bear Tremarctos ornatus in the northern Andes". Oryx. 38 (2): 155–163. doi:10.1017/S0030605304000298. ISSN 0030-6053.
Krause, Unger (2008). "Mitochondrial genomes reveal an explosive radiation of extinct and extant bears near the Miocene-Pliocene boundary". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 8 (1): 220. Bibcode:2008BMCEE...8..220K. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-8-220. PMC 2518930. PMID 18662376.
Yu, Li (2007). "Analysis of complete mitochondrial genome sequences increases phylogenetic resolution of bears (Ursidae), a mammalian family that experienced rapid speciation". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 7 (1): 198. Bibcode:2007BMCEE...7..198Y. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-7-198. PMC 2151078. PMID 17956639.
Peyton, B. (1980). "Ecology, distribution, and food habits of spectacled bears, Tremarctos ornatus, in Peru". Journal of Mammalogy. 61 (4): 639–652. doi:10.2307/1380309. JSTOR 1380309.
Davis, D.D. (1955). "Masticatory apparatus in the spectacled bear (Tremarctos ornatus)". Fieldiana Zoology. 37: 25–46. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.2809.
Suárez, L. (1989). "Seasonal distribution and food habits of the spectacled bear (Tremarctos ornatus) in the highlands of Ecuador". Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment. 23 (3): 133–136. doi:10.1080/01650528809360755.
García-Rangel, Shaenandhoa (2012). "Andean bear Tremarctos ornatus natural history and conservation: Andean bear natural history and conservation". Mammal Review. 42 (2): 85–119. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2907.2011.00207.x.
Bloxam, Q. (1977). "Breeding the Spectacled bear Tremarctos ornatus at Jersey Zoo". International Zoo Yearbook. 17: 158–161. doi:10.1111/j.1748-1090.1977.tb00894.x.
Figel, J. J.; Botero-Cañola, S.; Romero-López, J. M. & Sánchez-Londoño, J. D. (2024). "Spectacled bears surrounded by gold mines in the Serranía de San Lucas, Colombia". Ursus. 35 (e8): 1–8. doi:10.2192/URSUS-D-23-00021.1.
Sánchez-Mercado, A.; Ferrer-Paris, J. R.; Yerena, E.; García-Rangel, S.; Rodríguez-Clark, K. M. (2008). "Factors affecting poaching risk to Vulnerable Andean bears Tremarctos ornatus in the Cordillera de Mérida, Venezuela: space, parks and people". Oryx. 42 (3): 437–447. doi:10.1017/S0030605308006996.
Rodríguez-Clark, K. M.; Sánchez-Mercado, A. (2006). "Population management of threatened taxa in captivity within their natural ranges: Lessons from Andean bears (Tremarctos ornatus) in Venezuela". Biological Conservation. 129 (1): 134–148. Bibcode:2006BCons.129..134R. doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2005.10.037.
Sánchez-Mercado, A.; Ferrer-Paris, J. R.; García-Rangel, S.; Yerena, E.; Robertson, B. A.; Rodríguez-Clark, K. M. (2014). "Combining threat and occurrence models to predict potential ecological traps for Andean bears in the Cordillera de Mérida, Venezuela". Animal Conservation. 17 (4): 388–398. Bibcode:2014AnCon..17..388S. doi:10.1111/acv.12106. S2CID 83556460.
Goldstein, Isaac; Paisley, Susanna; Wallace, Robert; Jorgenson, Jeffrey P.; Cuesta, Francisco; Castellanos, Armando (2006). "Andean bear–livestock conflicts: a review". Ursus. 17 (1): 8–15. doi:10.2192/1537-6176(2006)17[8:abcar]2.0.co;2. ISSN 1537-6176. S2CID 55185188.
Peralvo, Manuel F.; Cuesta, Francisco; van Manen, Frank (2005). "Delineating priority habitat areas for the conservation of Andean bears in northern Ecuador". Ursus. 16 (2): 222–233. doi:10.2192/1537-6176(2005)016[0222:dphaft]2.0.co;2. ISSN 1537-6176. S2CID 86289594.

ghostarchive.org

Alice Vincent (10 Jun 2014). "Paddington Bear: 13 things you didn't know". www.telegraph.co.uk. The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 2022-01-12. Retrieved 8 January 2018. It's surprising that the earnest little chap wasn't given glasses. Bond wanted to Paddington to have 'travelled all the way from darkest Africa', but wrescing as advised by his agent to change his country of origin due to the lack of bears in Africa. Instead, he picked Peru - home to the Spectacled Bear.

grizzlybear.org

Spectacled Bear Archived 2007-10-29 at the Wayback Machine. Grizzly Bear.org. Retrieved on 2011-09-26.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Krause, J.; Unger, T.; Noçon, A.; Malaspinas, A.; Kolokotronis, S.; Stiller, M.; Soibelzon, L.; Spriggs, H.; Dear, P. H.; Briggs, A. W.; Bray, S. C. E.; O'Brien, S. J.; Rabeder, G.; Matheus, P.; Cooper, A.; Slatkin, M.; Pääbo, S.; Hofreiter, M. (2008). "Mitochondrial genomes reveal an explosive radiation of extinct and extant bears near the Miocene-Pliocene boundary". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 8 (220): 220. Bibcode:2008BMCEE...8..220K. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-8-220. PMC 2518930. PMID 18662376.
Krause, Unger (2008). "Mitochondrial genomes reveal an explosive radiation of extinct and extant bears near the Miocene-Pliocene boundary". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 8 (1): 220. Bibcode:2008BMCEE...8..220K. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-8-220. PMC 2518930. PMID 18662376.
Yu, Li (2007). "Analysis of complete mitochondrial genome sequences increases phylogenetic resolution of bears (Ursidae), a mammalian family that experienced rapid speciation". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 7 (1): 198. Bibcode:2007BMCEE...7..198Y. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-7-198. PMC 2151078. PMID 17956639.
Rodríguez-Clark, K. M.; Sánchez-Mercado, A. (2006). "Population management of threatened taxa in captivity within their natural ranges: Lessons from Andean bears (Tremarctos ornatus) in Venezuela". Biological Conservation. 129 (1): 134–148. Bibcode:2006BCons.129..134R. doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2005.10.037.
Sánchez-Mercado, A.; Ferrer-Paris, J. R.; García-Rangel, S.; Yerena, E.; Robertson, B. A.; Rodríguez-Clark, K. M. (2014). "Combining threat and occurrence models to predict potential ecological traps for Andean bears in the Cordillera de Mérida, Venezuela". Animal Conservation. 17 (4): 388–398. Bibcode:2014AnCon..17..388S. doi:10.1111/acv.12106. S2CID 83556460.

iucn.org

data.iucn.org

Servheen, C., Herrero, S. and Peyton, B. (1999). Bears: Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan Archived 2012-10-07 at the Wayback Machine. IUCN/SSC Bear and Polar Bear Specialist Groups, IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK.

iucnredlist.org

Velez-Liendo, X.; García-Rangel, S. (2018) [errata version of 2017 assessment]. "Tremarctos ornatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T22066A123792952. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T22066A45034047.en. Retrieved 14 February 2020.

jstor.org

Peyton, B. (1980). "Ecology, distribution, and food habits of spectacled bears, Tremarctos ornatus, in Peru". Journal of Mammalogy. 61 (4): 639–652. doi:10.2307/1380309. JSTOR 1380309.

mdcoastdispatch.com

https://mdcoastdispatch.com/2011/11/10/zoos-beloved-bear-euthanized/

nih.gov

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Krause, J.; Unger, T.; Noçon, A.; Malaspinas, A.; Kolokotronis, S.; Stiller, M.; Soibelzon, L.; Spriggs, H.; Dear, P. H.; Briggs, A. W.; Bray, S. C. E.; O'Brien, S. J.; Rabeder, G.; Matheus, P.; Cooper, A.; Slatkin, M.; Pääbo, S.; Hofreiter, M. (2008). "Mitochondrial genomes reveal an explosive radiation of extinct and extant bears near the Miocene-Pliocene boundary". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 8 (220): 220. Bibcode:2008BMCEE...8..220K. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-8-220. PMC 2518930. PMID 18662376.
Krause, Unger (2008). "Mitochondrial genomes reveal an explosive radiation of extinct and extant bears near the Miocene-Pliocene boundary". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 8 (1): 220. Bibcode:2008BMCEE...8..220K. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-8-220. PMC 2518930. PMID 18662376.
Yu, Li (2007). "Analysis of complete mitochondrial genome sequences increases phylogenetic resolution of bears (Ursidae), a mammalian family that experienced rapid speciation". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 7 (1): 198. Bibcode:2007BMCEE...7..198Y. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-7-198. PMC 2151078. PMID 17956639.

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Krause, J.; Unger, T.; Noçon, A.; Malaspinas, A.; Kolokotronis, S.; Stiller, M.; Soibelzon, L.; Spriggs, H.; Dear, P. H.; Briggs, A. W.; Bray, S. C. E.; O'Brien, S. J.; Rabeder, G.; Matheus, P.; Cooper, A.; Slatkin, M.; Pääbo, S.; Hofreiter, M. (2008). "Mitochondrial genomes reveal an explosive radiation of extinct and extant bears near the Miocene-Pliocene boundary". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 8 (220): 220. Bibcode:2008BMCEE...8..220K. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-8-220. PMC 2518930. PMID 18662376.
Krause, Unger (2008). "Mitochondrial genomes reveal an explosive radiation of extinct and extant bears near the Miocene-Pliocene boundary". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 8 (1): 220. Bibcode:2008BMCEE...8..220K. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-8-220. PMC 2518930. PMID 18662376.
Yu, Li (2007). "Analysis of complete mitochondrial genome sequences increases phylogenetic resolution of bears (Ursidae), a mammalian family that experienced rapid speciation". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 7 (1): 198. Bibcode:2007BMCEE...7..198Y. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-7-198. PMC 2151078. PMID 17956639.

researchgate.net

Castellanos, A., Altamirano, M., Tapia, G. (2005). Ecología y comportamiento de osos andinos reintroducidos en la Reserva Biológica Maquipucuna, Ecuador: implicaciones en la conservación. Politécnica, 26 (1) Biología 6: pp-pp, 2005. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Armando_Castellanos/publication/237011243_Ecologia_y_Comportamiento_de_Osos_Andinos_Reintroducidos_en_la_Reserva_Biologica_Maquipucuna_Ecuador_Implicaciones_en_Conservacion/links/0c96051ae54b8ef3f0000000/Ecologia-y-Comportamiento-de-Osos-Andinos-Reintroducidos-en-la-Reserva-Biologica-Maquipucuna-Ecuador-Implicaciones-en-Conservacion.pdf

rosamondgiffordzoo.org

Spectacled Bear Archived 2012-03-24 at the Wayback Machine. rosamondgiffordzoo.org

sbc-peru.org

"Spectacled Bear Conservation Society - Peru". Spectacled Bear Conservation Society. Archived from the original on 2020-08-12. Retrieved 2015-10-10.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Sánchez-Mercado, A.; Ferrer-Paris, J. R.; García-Rangel, S.; Yerena, E.; Robertson, B. A.; Rodríguez-Clark, K. M. (2014). "Combining threat and occurrence models to predict potential ecological traps for Andean bears in the Cordillera de Mérida, Venezuela". Animal Conservation. 17 (4): 388–398. Bibcode:2014AnCon..17..388S. doi:10.1111/acv.12106. S2CID 83556460.
Goldstein, Isaac; Paisley, Susanna; Wallace, Robert; Jorgenson, Jeffrey P.; Cuesta, Francisco; Castellanos, Armando (2006). "Andean bear–livestock conflicts: a review". Ursus. 17 (1): 8–15. doi:10.2192/1537-6176(2006)17[8:abcar]2.0.co;2. ISSN 1537-6176. S2CID 55185188.
Peralvo, Manuel F.; Cuesta, Francisco; van Manen, Frank (2005). "Delineating priority habitat areas for the conservation of Andean bears in northern Ecuador". Ursus. 16 (2): 222–233. doi:10.2192/1537-6176(2005)016[0222:dphaft]2.0.co;2. ISSN 1537-6176. S2CID 86289594.

sendaverde.org

"Tremarctos rnatus". Archived from the original on 18 June 2020. Retrieved 17 June 2020.

si.edu

nationalzoo.si.edu

Spectacled, or Andean, Bear – National Zoo| FONZ Archived 2008-05-09 at the Wayback Machine. Nationalzoo.si.edu. Retrieved on 2011-09-26.

signonsandiego.com

www3.signonsandiego.com

LaFee, Scott (2009-09-07). "Hanging on, bearly: South America's only bear species struggles to avoid extinction". The San Diego Union-Tribune. Archived from the original on 2009-11-07. Retrieved 2009-09-09.

spectacledbearconservation.com

Peru: Who We Are Archived 2011-03-12 at the Wayback Machine. Spectacled Bear Conservation. Retrieved on 2011-09-26.

telegraph.co.uk

Alice Vincent (10 Jun 2014). "Paddington Bear: 13 things you didn't know". www.telegraph.co.uk. The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 2022-01-12. Retrieved 8 January 2018. It's surprising that the earnest little chap wasn't given glasses. Bond wanted to Paddington to have 'travelled all the way from darkest Africa', but wrescing as advised by his agent to change his country of origin due to the lack of bears in Africa. Instead, he picked Peru - home to the Spectacled Bear.

thepetwiki.com

"Endangered Bears" Archived 2015-04-11 at the Wayback Machine, The Pet Wiki.

web.archive.org

"Appendices | CITES". cites.org. Archived from the original on 2017-12-05. Retrieved 2022-01-14.
Spectacled Bear Archived 2007-10-29 at the Wayback Machine. Grizzly Bear.org. Retrieved on 2011-09-26.
Spectacled Bears Archived 2007-11-21 at the Wayback Machine. Bear Planet. Retrieved on 2011-09-26.
Spectacled, or Andean, Bear – National Zoo| FONZ Archived 2008-05-09 at the Wayback Machine. Nationalzoo.si.edu. Retrieved on 2011-09-26.
Servheen, C., Herrero, S. and Peyton, B. (1999). Bears: Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan Archived 2012-10-07 at the Wayback Machine. IUCN/SSC Bear and Polar Bear Specialist Groups, IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK.
Spectacled bear videos, photos and facts – Tremarctos ornatus Archived 2011-02-19 at the Wayback Machine. ARKive. Retrieved on 2011-09-26.
Spectacled Bear Archived 2016-03-07 at the Wayback Machine. Brazilianfauna.com. Retrieved on 2011-09-26.
"Tremarctos rnatus". Archived from the original on 18 June 2020. Retrieved 17 June 2020.
LaFee, Scott (2009-09-07). "Hanging on, bearly: South America's only bear species struggles to avoid extinction". The San Diego Union-Tribune. Archived from the original on 2009-11-07. Retrieved 2009-09-09.
Spectacled Bear Archived 2012-03-24 at the Wayback Machine. rosamondgiffordzoo.org
"Tremarctos ornatus (Spectacled bear)". Animal Diversity Web. Archived from the original on 2022-09-04. Retrieved 2022-09-04.
Spectacled bear Tremarctos ornatus – Natural Diet (Literature Reports) Archived 2011-07-23 at the Wayback Machine. Wildlife1.wildlifeinformation.org. Retrieved on 2011-09-26.
Spectacled Bears Archived 2011-03-07 at the Wayback Machine. Bears Of The World. Retrieved on 2011-09-26.
Peru: Who We Are Archived 2011-03-12 at the Wayback Machine. Spectacled Bear Conservation. Retrieved on 2011-09-26.
CARNIVORA – Spectacled Bear – Tremarctos ornatus Archived 2010-11-20 at the Wayback Machine. Carnivoraforum.com. Retrieved on 2011-09-26.
Fenner, Kesley. "Tremarctos ornatus (spectacled bear)". Animal Diversity Web. Archived from the original on 2022-11-29. Retrieved 2022-12-21.
Boussingault, Jean Baptiste Joseph Dieudonné (2005). Memoirs. p. Capítulo XII El Salto de Tequendama – Historia de Manuelita Sáenz. Archived from the original on 2016-03-22. Retrieved 2016-04-12.
"Endangered Bears" Archived 2015-04-11 at the Wayback Machine, The Pet Wiki.
"Spectacled Bear Conservation Society - Peru". Spectacled Bear Conservation Society. Archived from the original on 2020-08-12. Retrieved 2015-10-10.

wildlifeinformation.org

wildlife1.wildlifeinformation.org

Spectacled bear Tremarctos ornatus – Natural Diet (Literature Reports) Archived 2011-07-23 at the Wayback Machine. Wildlife1.wildlifeinformation.org. Retrieved on 2011-09-26.

wiley.com

doi.wiley.com

García-Rangel, Shaenandhoa (2012). "Andean bear Tremarctos ornatus natural history and conservation: Andean bear natural history and conservation". Mammal Review. 42 (2): 85–119. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2907.2011.00207.x.

worldcat.org

search.worldcat.org

Kattan, Gustavo; Hernández, Olga Lucía; Goldstein, Isaac; Rojas, Vladimir; Murillo, Oscar; Gómez, Carolina; Restrepo, Héctor; Cuesta, Francisco (2004). "Range fragmentation in the spectacled bear Tremarctos ornatus in the northern Andes". Oryx. 38 (2): 155–163. doi:10.1017/S0030605304000298. ISSN 0030-6053.
Goldstein, Isaac; Paisley, Susanna; Wallace, Robert; Jorgenson, Jeffrey P.; Cuesta, Francisco; Castellanos, Armando (2006). "Andean bear–livestock conflicts: a review". Ursus. 17 (1): 8–15. doi:10.2192/1537-6176(2006)17[8:abcar]2.0.co;2. ISSN 1537-6176. S2CID 55185188.
Peralvo, Manuel F.; Cuesta, Francisco; van Manen, Frank (2005). "Delineating priority habitat areas for the conservation of Andean bears in northern Ecuador". Ursus. 16 (2): 222–233. doi:10.2192/1537-6176(2005)016[0222:dphaft]2.0.co;2. ISSN 1537-6176. S2CID 86289594.