Spider (English Wikipedia)

"The 10 Most Common Phobias – Did You Know?". 10 Most Common Phobias. Archived from the original on 3 September 2009. Retrieved 2 August 2009. Probably the most recognized of the 10 most common phobias, arachnophobia is the fear of spiders. The statistics clearly show that more than 50% of women and 10% of men show signs of this leader on the 10 most common phobias list.

about.com

phobias.about.com

Fritscher, Lisa (3 June 2009). "Spider Fears or Arachnophobia". Phobias. About.com. Archived from the original on 19 June 2009. Retrieved 2 August 2009. Arachnophobia, or fear of spiders, is one of the most common specific phobias.

africaninvertebrates.org.za

Selden, P.A.; Anderson, H.M.; Anderson, J.M. (2009). "A review of the fossil record of spiders (Araneae) with special reference to Africa, and description of a new specimen from the Triassic Molteno Formation of South Africa". African Invertebrates. 50 (1): 105–16. Bibcode:2009AfrIn..50..105S. doi:10.5733/afin.050.0103. hdl:1808/17085. Abstract Archived 2011-08-10 at the Wayback Machine PDF

ajtmh.org

Diaz, J.H. (1 August 2004). "The Global Epidemiology, Syndromic Classification, Management, and Prevention of Spider Bites". American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 71 (2): 239–50. doi:10.4269/ajtmh.2004.71.2.0700239. PMID 15306718.

americanarachnology.org

Coddington, J. & Sobrevila, C. (1987). "Web manipulation and two stereotyped attack behaviors in the ogre-faced spider Deinopis spinosus Marx (Araneae, Deinopidae)" (PDF). Journal of Arachnology. 15: 213–25. Retrieved 11 October 2008.
Matsumoto, T. (1998). "Cooperative prey capture in the communal web spider, Philoponella raffray (Araneae, Uloboridae)" (PDF). Journal of Arachnology. 26: 392–96.

amnh.org

digitallibrary.amnh.org

Forster, R.R. & Platnick, N.I. (1984). "A review of the archaeid spiders and their relatives, with notes on the limits of the superfamily Palpimanoidea (Arachnida, Araneae)". Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. 178: 1–106. hdl:2246/991. Full text at "A review of the archaeid spiders and their relatives" (PDF). Retrieved 13 October 2008.

arc.agric.za

"Natural history of Mygalomorphae". Agricultural Research Council of New Zealand. Archived from the original on 26 December 2008. Retrieved 13 October 2008.

archive.org

Foelix, Rainer F. (1996). Biology of Spiders. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 3. ISBN 978-0-19-509593-7.
Ruppert, Fox & Barnes 2004, pp. 554–55 Ruppert, E.E.; Fox, R.S.; Barnes, R.D. (2004). Invertebrate Zoology (7th ed.). Brooks/Cole. ISBN 978-0-03-025982-1.
Ruppert, Fox & Barnes 2004, pp. 518–22 Ruppert, E.E.; Fox, R.S.; Barnes, R.D. (2004). Invertebrate Zoology (7th ed.). Brooks/Cole. ISBN 978-0-03-025982-1.
Ruppert, Fox & Barnes 2004, pp. 571–84 Ruppert, E.E.; Fox, R.S.; Barnes, R.D. (2004). Invertebrate Zoology (7th ed.). Brooks/Cole. ISBN 978-0-03-025982-1.
Ruppert, Fox & Barnes 2004, pp. 559–64 Ruppert, E.E.; Fox, R.S.; Barnes, R.D. (2004). Invertebrate Zoology (7th ed.). Brooks/Cole. ISBN 978-0-03-025982-1.
Ruppert, Fox & Barnes 2004, pp. 565–69 Ruppert, E.E.; Fox, R.S.; Barnes, R.D. (2004). Invertebrate Zoology (7th ed.). Brooks/Cole. ISBN 978-0-03-025982-1.
Ruppert, Fox & Barnes 2004, pp. 527–28 Ruppert, E.E.; Fox, R.S.; Barnes, R.D. (2004). Invertebrate Zoology (7th ed.). Brooks/Cole. ISBN 978-0-03-025982-1.
Ruppert, Fox & Barnes 2004, pp. 529–30 Ruppert, E.E.; Fox, R.S.; Barnes, R.D. (2004). Invertebrate Zoology (7th ed.). Brooks/Cole. ISBN 978-0-03-025982-1.
Ruppert, Fox & Barnes 2004, pp. 531–32 Ruppert, E.E.; Fox, R.S.; Barnes, R.D. (2004). Invertebrate Zoology (7th ed.). Brooks/Cole. ISBN 978-0-03-025982-1.
Ruppert, Fox & Barnes 2004, pp. 532–37 Ruppert, E.E.; Fox, R.S.; Barnes, R.D. (2004). Invertebrate Zoology (7th ed.). Brooks/Cole. ISBN 978-0-03-025982-1.
Ruppert, Fox & Barnes 2004, pp. 578–80 Ruppert, E.E.; Fox, R.S.; Barnes, R.D. (2004). Invertebrate Zoology (7th ed.). Brooks/Cole. ISBN 978-0-03-025982-1.
Land, Michael F.; Nilsson, Dan-Eric (2009). Animal eyes (Repr. with corr ed.). New York: Oxford Univ. Press. ISBN 9780198575641. Retrieved 28 November 2024.
Foelix, Rainer F. (2011). Biology of Spiders (3rd p/b ed.). Oxford University Press. pp. 100–01. ISBN 978-0-19-973482-5.
Ruppert, Fox & Barnes 2004, pp. 325–49 Ruppert, E.E.; Fox, R.S.; Barnes, R.D. (2004). Invertebrate Zoology (7th ed.). Brooks/Cole. ISBN 978-0-03-025982-1.
Ruppert, Fox & Barnes 2004, pp. 537–39 Ruppert, E.E.; Fox, R.S.; Barnes, R.D. (2004). Invertebrate Zoology (7th ed.). Brooks/Cole. ISBN 978-0-03-025982-1.
Foelix, Rainer F. (1996). "Reproduction". Biology of Spiders (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press US. pp. 176–212. ISBN 978-0-19-509594-4.
Foelix, Rainer F. (1996). Biology of Spiders. Oxford University Press. pp. 232–33. ISBN 978-0-674-07431-6.
Coyle, F.A. (1986). "The Role of Silk in Prey Capture". In Shear, W.A. (ed.). Spiders – webs, behavior, and evolution. Stanford University Press. pp. 272–73. ISBN 978-0-8047-1203-3.
Foelix, Rainer F. (2011). Biology of Spiders (2nd ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 4–5. ISBN 978-0-19-973482-5.
Friedenberg, J. & Silverman, G. (2005). Cognitive Science: An Introduction to the Study of Mind. Sage. pp. 244–45. ISBN 978-1-4129-2568-6.
Weil, C. (2006). Fierce Food. Plume. ISBN 978-0-452-28700-6.
Haase, Donald (2008). The Greenwood Encyclopedia of Folktales and Fairy Tales. Santa Barbara, California: Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 31. ISBN 978-0-313-33441-2.
Garai, Jana (1973). The Book of Symbols. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-0-671-21773-0.

avru.org

"Funnel web spiders". Australian Venom Research Unit. Retrieved 11 October 2008.

bbc.co.uk

news.bbc.co.uk

"Pub chef bitten by deadly spider". BBC. 27 April 2005. Retrieved 11 October 2008.

berkeley.edu

evolution.berkeley.edu

"Different smiles, single species". University of California Museum of Paleontology. Retrieved 10 October 2008.

biodiversitylibrary.org

Dunlop, Jason A.; David Penney; O. Erik Tetlie; Lyall I. Anderson (2008). "How many species of fossil arachnids are there?". The Journal of Arachnology. 36 (2): 267–72. doi:10.1636/CH07-89.1. S2CID 42371883.

biologists.org

jeb.biologists.org

Parry, D.A. & Brown, R.H.J. (1959). "The Hydraulic Mechanism of the Spider Leg" (PDF). Journal of Experimental Biology. 36 (2): 423–33. doi:10.1242/jeb.36.2.423.

bioone.org

Bloom, Trevor; Binford, Greta; A. Esposito, Lauren; Garcia, Giraldo Alayón; Peterson, Ian; Nishida, Alex; Loubet-Senear, Katy; Agnarsson, Ingi (August 2014). "Discovery of two new species of eyeless spiders within a single Hispaniola cave". Journal of Arachnology. 42 (2): 148–154. doi:10.1636/K13-84.1. Retrieved 28 November 2024.

books.google.com

Sebastin, P.A.; Peter, K.V., eds. (2009). Spiders of India. Universities Press/Orient Blackswan. ISBN 978-81-7371-641-6.
Wilcox, R. Stimson; Jackson, Robert R. (1998). "Cognitive Abilities of Araneophagic Jumping Spiders". In Balda, Russell P.; Pepperberg, Irene M.; Kamil, Alan C. (eds.). Animal cognition in nature: the convergence of psychology and biology in laboratory and field. Academic Press. ISBN 978-0-12-077030-4. Retrieved 8 May 2016.
Barth, Friedrich G. (2013). A Spider's World: Senses and Behavior. Springer. ISBN 9783662048993.
Barnes, R.S.K.; Calow, P.; Olive, P.; Golding, D.; Spicer, J. (2001). "Invertebrates with Legs: the Arthropods and Similar Groups". The Invertebrates: A Synthesis. Blackwell Publishing. p. 168. ISBN 978-0-632-04761-1.
Leroy, J & Leroy, A. (2003). "How spiders function". Spiders of Southern Africa. Struik. pp. 15–21. ISBN 978-1-86872-944-9.
Williamson, J.A.; Fenner, P.J.; Burnett, J.W.; Rifkin, J. (1996). Venomous and Poisonous Marine Animals: A Medical and Biological Handbook. UNSW Press. pp. 65–68. ISBN 978-0-86840-279-6.
De Vos, Gail (1996). Tales, Rumors, and Gossip: Exploring Contemporary Folk Literature in Grades 7–12. Libraries Unlimited. p. 186. ISBN 978-1-56308-190-3.
Jacobsen, Thorkild (1987). The Harps that Once: Sumerian Poetry in Translation. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press. p. 184. ISBN 978-0-300-07278-5.
Norton, Elizabeth (2013). Aspects of Ecphrastic Technique in Ovid's Metamorphoses. Newcastle upon Tyne, England: Cambridge Scholars Publishing. p. 166. ISBN 978-1-4438-4271-6.
De Laguna, Frederica (2002). American Anthropology: Papers from the American Anthropologist. University of Nebraska Press. p. 455. ISBN 978-0-8032-8280-3.

cambridge.org

Harries, Byron (1990). "The spinner and the poet: Arachne in Ovid's Metamorphoses". The Cambridge Classical Journal. 36: 64–82. doi:10.1017/S006867350000523X.
Leach, Eleanor Winsor (January 1974). "Ekphrasis and the Theme of Artistic Failure in Ovid's Metamorphoses". Ramus. 3 (2): 102–42. doi:10.1017/S0048671X00004549. S2CID 29668658.

cbc.ca

'Vampire' spiders use blood as perfume | CBC News – CBC.ca

colinallen.dnsalias.org

Wilcox, S. & Jackson, R. (2002). "Jumping Spider Tricksters" (PDF). In Bekoff, M.; Allen, C. & Burghardt, G.M. (eds.). The Cognitive Animal: Empirical and Theoretical Perspectives on Animal Cognition. MIT Press. pp. 27–34. ISBN 978-0-262-52322-6. Retrieved 25 March 2011.

confex.com

eco.confex.com

Meehan, C.J.; Olson, E.J.; Curry, R.L. (21 August 2008). Exploitation of the Pseudomyrmex–Acacia mutualism by a predominantly vegetarian jumping spider (Bagheera kiplingi). 93rd ESA Annual Meeting. Retrieved 10 October 2008.

doi.org

Cushing, P.E. (2008). "Spiders (Arachnida: Araneae)". In Capinera, J.L. (ed.). Encyclopedia of Entomology. Springer. p. 3496. doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-6359-6_4320. ISBN 978-1-4020-6242-1.
Selden, P.A. & Shear, W.A. (December 2008). "Fossil evidence for the origin of spider spinnerets". PNAS. 105 (52): 20781–85. Bibcode:2008PNAS..10520781S. doi:10.1073/pnas.0809174106. PMC 2634869. PMID 19104044.
Dimitrov, Dimitar; Hormiga, Gustavo (7 January 2021). "Spider Diversification Through Space and Time". Annual Review of Entomology. 66 (1): 225–241. doi:10.1146/annurev-ento-061520-083414. ISSN 0066-4170. PMID 32822555. S2CID 221235817. Retrieved 10 December 2021.
Meehan, Christopher J.; Olson, Eric J.; Reudink, Matthew W.; Kyser, T. Kurt; Curry, Robert L. (2009). "Herbivory in a Spider Through Exploitation of an Ant–Plant Mutualism". Current Biology. 19 (19): R892–93. Bibcode:2009CBio...19.R892M. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2009.08.049. PMID 19825348. S2CID 27885893.
Nyffeler, Martin; Birkhofer, Klaus (14 March 2017). "An Estimated 400–800 Million Tons of Prey Are Annually Killed by the Global Spider Community". The Science of Nature. 104 (30): 30. Bibcode:2017SciNa.104...30N. doi:10.1007/s00114-017-1440-1. PMC 5348567. PMID 28289774.
Coddington, J.A. & Levi, H.W. (1991). "Systematics and Evolution of Spiders (Araneae)". Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 22: 565–92. doi:10.1146/annurev.es.22.110191.003025.
Barghusen, L.E.; Claussen, D.L.; Anderson, M.S.; Bailer, A.J. (1 February 1997). "The effects of temperature on the web-building behaviour of the common house spider, Achaearanea tepidariorum". Functional Ecology. 11 (1): 4–10. Bibcode:1997FuEco..11....4B. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2435.1997.00040.x.
Mason, Betsy (28 October 2021). "Spiders are much smarter than you think". Knowable Magazine. doi:10.1146/knowable-102821-1. S2CID 240206876. Retrieved 10 December 2021.
Brescovit, Antonio D.; Sánchez-Ruiz, Alexander (6 October 2016). "Descriptions of two new genera of the spider family Caponiidae (Arachnida, Araneae) and an update of Tisentnops and Taintnops from Brazil and Chile". ZooKeys (622): 47–84. Bibcode:2016ZooK..622...47B. doi:10.3897/zookeys.622.8682. ISSN 1313-2989. PMC 5096409. PMID 27843380.
Framenau, Volker W.; Lehtinen, Pekka T. (7 October 2015). "Nukuhiva Berland, 1935 is a troglobitic wolf spider (Araneae: Lycosidae), not a nursery-web spider (Pisauridae)". Zootaxa. 4028 (1): 129–135. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4028.1.6. Retrieved 28 November 2024.
Bloom, Trevor; Binford, Greta; A. Esposito, Lauren; Garcia, Giraldo Alayón; Peterson, Ian; Nishida, Alex; Loubet-Senear, Katy; Agnarsson, Ingi (August 2014). "Discovery of two new species of eyeless spiders within a single Hispaniola cave". Journal of Arachnology. 42 (2): 148–154. doi:10.1636/K13-84.1. Retrieved 28 November 2024.
Weihmann, Tom; Günther, Michael; Blickhan, Reinhard (15 February 2012). "Hydraulic Leg Extension Is Not Necessarily the Main Drive in Large Spiders". The Journal of Experimental Biology. 215 (4): 578–83. doi:10.1242/jeb.054585. ISSN 0022-0949. PMID 22279064.
Parry, D.A. & Brown, R.H.J. (1959). "The Hydraulic Mechanism of the Spider Leg" (PDF). Journal of Experimental Biology. 36 (2): 423–33. doi:10.1242/jeb.36.2.423.
Suter, R. B.; Stratton, G. E. (2009). "Spitting Performance Parameters and Their Biomechanical Implications in the Spitting Spider, Scytodes thoracica". Journal of Insect Science. 9 (62): 1–15. doi:10.1673/031.009.6201. PMC 3011943. PMID 20050781.
Vollrath, F. & Knight, D.P. (2001). "Liquid crystalline spinning of spider silk". Nature. 410 (6828): 541–48. Bibcode:2001Natur.410..541V. doi:10.1038/35069000. PMID 11279484. S2CID 205015549.
Suzuki, Hirohumi (1995). "Fertilization occurs internally in the spider Achaearanea tepidariorum (C. Koch)". Invertebrate Reproduction & Development. 28 (3): 211–214. Bibcode:1995InvRD..28..211S. doi:10.1080/07924259.1995.9672484. ISSN 0792-4259.
Burger, Matthias (2011). "Structure and function of the female reproductive system in three species of goblin spiders (Arachnida: Araneae: Oonopidae): Morphology of oonopid spider genitalia". Invertebrate Biology. 130 (2): 148–160. doi:10.1111/j.1744-7410.2011.00227.x.
Rezác M (August 2009). "The spider Harpactea sadistica: co-evolution of traumatic insemination and complex female genital morphology in spiders". Proc. Biol. Sci. 276 (1668): 2697–701. doi:10.1098/rspb.2009.0104. PMC 2839943. PMID 19403531.
Knoflach, B. & van Harten, A. (2001). "Tidarren argo sp. nov (Araneae: Theridiidae) and its exceptional copulatory behaviour: emasculation, male palpal organ as a mating plug and sexual cannibalism". Journal of Zoology. 254 (4): 449–59. doi:10.1017/S0952836901000954.
Andrade, Maydianne C.B. (2003). "Risky mate search and male self-sacrifice in redback spiders". Behavioral Ecology. 14 (4): 531–38. doi:10.1093/beheco/arg015. hdl:1807/1012.
Dong, Bing; Quan, Rui-Chang; Chen, Zhan-Qi (18 July 2019). "Prolonged milk provisioning and extended maternal care in the milking spider Toxeus magnus: biological implications and questions unresolved". Zoological Research. 40 (4): 241–243. doi:10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2019.041. PMC 6680124. PMID 31161756.
Oxford, G.S.; Gillespie, R.G. (1998). "Evolution and Ecology of Spider Coloration". Annual Review of Entomology. 43: 619–43. doi:10.1146/annurev.ento.43.1.619. PMID 15012400. S2CID 6963733.
Defrize, J.; Thery, M.; Casas, J. (1 May 2010). "Background colour matching by a crab spider in the field: a community sensory ecology perspective". Journal of Experimental Biology. 213 (9): 1425–35. doi:10.1242/jeb.039743. ISSN 0022-0949. PMID 20400626. S2CID 26035671.
Jackson, R.R.; Pollard, Simon D.; Nelson, Ximena J.; Edwards, G.B.; Barrion, Alberto T. (2001). "Jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae) that feed on nectar" (PDF). J. Zool. Lond. 255: 25–29. doi:10.1017/S095283690100108X. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 March 2009. Retrieved 11 August 2007.
Nyffeler, Martin; Machado, Glauco; Hartmann, Arik; Keiser, Carl N. (14 March 2023). "Fungus and fruit consumption by harvestmen and spiders (Opiliones, Araneae): the vegetarian side of two predominantly predaceous arachnid groups". The Journal of Arachnology. 51 (1): 1–18. doi:10.1636/JoA-S-22-015. ISSN 0161-8202. Retrieved 1 September 2024.
Nyffeler, Martin; Olson, Eric J.; Symondson, William O.C. (April 2016). "Plant-eating by spiders". Journal of Arachnology. 44 (1): 15–27. doi:10.1636/P15-45.1. ISSN 0161-8202. Retrieved 1 September 2024.
Eberhard, W.G. (1977). "Aggressive Chemical Mimicry by a Bolas Spider" (PDF). Science. 198 (4322): 1173–75. Bibcode:1977Sci...198.1173E. doi:10.1126/science.198.4322.1173. PMID 17818935. S2CID 35215325. Retrieved 31 August 2024.
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Fischer, Andreas; Lee, Yerin; Dong, T'ea; Gries, Gerhard (2021). "Know your foe: synanthropic spiders are deterred by semiochemicals of European fire ants". Royal Society Open Science. 8 (5): 210279. Bibcode:2021RSOS....810279F. doi:10.1098/rsos.210279. PMC 8131949. PMID 34017604.
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Selden, P.A.; Anderson, H.M.; Anderson, J.M. (2009). "A review of the fossil record of spiders (Araneae) with special reference to Africa, and description of a new specimen from the Triassic Molteno Formation of South Africa". African Invertebrates. 50 (1): 105–16. Bibcode:2009AfrIn..50..105S. doi:10.5733/afin.050.0103. hdl:1808/17085. Abstract Archived 2011-08-10 at the Wayback Machine PDF
Dunlop, Jason A.; David Penney; O. Erik Tetlie; Lyall I. Anderson (2008). "How many species of fossil arachnids are there?". The Journal of Arachnology. 36 (2): 267–72. doi:10.1636/CH07-89.1. S2CID 42371883.
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Dunlop, J.A. (1996). "A trigonotarbid arachnid from the Upper Silurian of Shropshire" (PDF). Palaeontology. 39 (3): 605–14. The fossil was originally named Eotarbus but was renamed when it was realized that a Carboniferous arachnid had already been named Eotarbus: Dunlop, J.A. (1999). "A replacement name for the trigonotarbid arachnid Eotarbus Dunlop". Palaeontology. 42 (1): 191. Bibcode:1999Palgy..42..191D. doi:10.1111/1475-4983.00068. S2CID 83825904.
Vollrath, F. & Selden, P.A. (2007). "The Role of Behavior in the Evolution of Spiders, Silks, and Webs" (PDF). Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics. 38: 819–46. doi:10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.37.091305.110221.
Selden, P.A.; ChungKun Shih; Dong Ren (2011). "A golden orb-weaver spider(Araneae: Nephilidae: Nephila) from the Middle Jurassic of China". Biology Letters. 7 (5): 775–78. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2011.0228. PMC 3169061. PMID 21508021.
Selden, Paul A.; Shih, ChungKun; Ren, Dong (2013). "A giant spider from the Jurassic of China reveals greater diversity of the orbicularian stem group". Die Naturwissenschaften. 100 (12): 1171–1181. Bibcode:2013NW....100.1171S. doi:10.1007/s00114-013-1121-7. ISSN 0028-1042. PMC 3889289. PMID 24317464.
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