Spinel (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Spinel" in English language version.

Last modified: 15:25:40, 5 July 2026 (UTC)

Ref.Un. Ref.Website

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1212doi.org

2^nd place

55adsabs.harvard.edu

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44researchgate.net

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33semanticscholar.org

15^th place

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22web.archive.org

1^st place

21mindat.org

712^th place

1,219^th place

11edu.jm

low place

11jstor.org

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11webmineral.com

3,342^nd place

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11caltech.edu

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11books.google.com

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11nbuv.gov.ua

3,063^rd place

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11gem-a.com

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11amazon.com

159^th place

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11bristol.ac.uk

7,934^th place

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11hdl.handle.net

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11ed.ac.uk

1,867^th place

1,129^th place

11gia.edu

low place

9,053^rd place

11wondermondo.com

low place

11mining.com

low place

8,910^th place

11phys.org

1,595^th place

1,363^rd place

11navy.mil

206^th place

129^th place

adsabs.harvard.edu (Global: 14^th place; English: 9^th place)

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Warr, L.N. (2021). "IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols". Mineralogical Magazine. 85 (3): 291–320. Bibcode:2021MinM...85..291W. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43. S2CID 235729616.
Grimes, N.W.; et al. (8 April 1983). "New symmetry and structure for spinel". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences. 386 (1791): 333–345. Bibcode:1983RSPSA.386..333G. doi:10.1098/rspa.1983.0039. JSTOR 2397417. S2CID 96560029.
Leuthold J, Blundy JD, Brooker RA (2015). "Experimental petrology constraints on the recycling of mafic cumulate: A focus on Cr-spinel from the Rum Eastern Layered Intrusion, Scotland". Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology. 170 (2): 12. Bibcode:2015CoMP..170...12L. doi:10.1007/s00410-015-1165-0. hdl:1983/43578f76-07c8-4676-84d1-d763d5228efb. S2CID 129562202.
O Driscoll B, Emeleus CH, Donaldson CH, Daly JS (2009). "The roles of melt infiltration and cumulate assimilation in the formation of anorthosite and a Cr-spinel seam in the Rum Eastern Layered Intrusion, NW Scotland". Lithos. 111 (1–2): 6–20. Bibcode:2009Litho.111....6O. doi:10.1016/j.lithos.2008.11.011.
Klemme, Stephan (2004). "The influence of Cr on the garnet–spinel transition in the Earth's mantle: Experiments in the system MgO—Cr₂O₃—SiO₂ and thermodynamic modelling" (PDF). Lithos. 77 (1–4): 639–646. Bibcode:2004Litho..77..639K. doi:10.1016/j.lithos.2004.03.017.

amazon.com (Global: 159^th place; English: 105^th place)

Biswas, A.K. (2001). "Minerals and their Exploitation in Ancient and Pre-modern India". In Ramachandra Rao, P.; Goswami, N.G. (eds.). Metallurgy in India : a retrospective. New Delhi: India International Publisher. pp. 1–22. ASIN B002A9M6QU.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

Sir Thomas Butler (1989). The Crown Jewels and Coronation Ceremony. Pitkin. p. 6. ISBN 978-0-85372-467-4.

bristol.ac.uk (Global: 7,934^th place; English: 4,709^th place)

research-information.bristol.ac.uk

Leuthold J, Blundy JD, Brooker RA (2015). "Experimental petrology constraints on the recycling of mafic cumulate: A focus on Cr-spinel from the Rum Eastern Layered Intrusion, Scotland". Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology. 170 (2): 12. Bibcode:2015CoMP..170...12L. doi:10.1007/s00410-015-1165-0. hdl:1983/43578f76-07c8-4676-84d1-d763d5228efb. S2CID 129562202.

caltech.edu (Global: 240^th place; English: 473^rd place)

minerals.gps.caltech.edu

"Minerals colored by metal ions". minerals.gps.caltech.edu. CalTech. Retrieved 2023-03-01.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Warr, L.N. (2021). "IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols". Mineralogical Magazine. 85 (3): 291–320. Bibcode:2021MinM...85..291W. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43. S2CID 235729616.
Grimes, N.W.; et al. (8 April 1983). "New symmetry and structure for spinel". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences. 386 (1791): 333–345. Bibcode:1983RSPSA.386..333G. doi:10.1098/rspa.1983.0039. JSTOR 2397417. S2CID 96560029.
Hwang, L.; et al. (July 1973). "On the space group of MgAl
₂O
₄ spinel". Philosophical Magazine. doi:10.1080/14786437308217448.
"Samarian spinel". Dictionary of Gems and Gemology: 657–737. 2005. doi:10.1007/3-540-27269-0_19.
Hughes, R.W. (1994). "The rubies and spinels of Afghanistan: A brief history" (PDF). Journal of Gemmology. 24 (4): 256–267. doi:10.15506/JoG.1994.24.4.256. Retrieved 29 April 2021.
Irvine TN (1977). "Origin of chromite layers in the Muskox intrusion and other stratiform intrusions: a new perspective". Geology. 5 (5): 273. doi:10.1130/0091-7613(1977)5<273:ooclit>2.0.co;2.
Leuthold J, Blundy JD, Brooker RA (2015). "Experimental petrology constraints on the recycling of mafic cumulate: A focus on Cr-spinel from the Rum Eastern Layered Intrusion, Scotland". Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology. 170 (2): 12. Bibcode:2015CoMP..170...12L. doi:10.1007/s00410-015-1165-0. hdl:1983/43578f76-07c8-4676-84d1-d763d5228efb. S2CID 129562202.
O Driscoll B, Emeleus CH, Donaldson CH, Daly JS (2009). "The roles of melt infiltration and cumulate assimilation in the formation of anorthosite and a Cr-spinel seam in the Rum Eastern Layered Intrusion, NW Scotland". Lithos. 111 (1–2): 6–20. Bibcode:2009Litho.111....6O. doi:10.1016/j.lithos.2008.11.011.
Klemme, Stephan (2004). "The influence of Cr on the garnet–spinel transition in the Earth's mantle: Experiments in the system MgO—Cr₂O₃—SiO₂ and thermodynamic modelling" (PDF). Lithos. 77 (1–4): 639–646. Bibcode:2004Litho..77..639K. doi:10.1016/j.lithos.2004.03.017.
MacPherson, G.J. (2007). "Calcium–Aluminum-Rich Inclusions in Chondritic Meteorites". Treatise on Geochemistry: 1–47. doi:10.1016/B0-08-043751-6/01065-3. ISBN 9780080437514.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: periodical has ISBN (link)
Pardieu, Vincent (2014). "Hunting for "Jedi" Spinels in Mogok". Gems & Gemology. 50 (1): 46–57. doi:10.5741/GEMS.50.1.46.
Hanzawa, Kota; Nagai, Takayuki; Nagasawa, Ryoga; Katase, Takayoshi; Hosono, Hideo; Hiramatsu, Hidenori (1 October 2025). "d0 Cation-Based Spinel-Type Sulfide Semiconductors with Color-Tunable Direct-Gap and Ambipolar Dopability". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 147 (39): 35935–35941. doi:10.1021/jacs.5c12816.

ed.ac.uk (Global: 1,867^th place; English: 1,129^th place)

eeo.ed.ac.uk

Klemme, Stephan (2004). "The influence of Cr on the garnet–spinel transition in the Earth's mantle: Experiments in the system MgO—Cr₂O₃—SiO₂ and thermodynamic modelling" (PDF). Lithos. 77 (1–4): 639–646. Bibcode:2004Litho..77..639K. doi:10.1016/j.lithos.2004.03.017.

edu.jm (Global: low place; English: low place)

wwwchem.uwimona.edu.jm

Lancashire, Robert John. "Normal spinels". CHEM2101 (C 21J) Inorganic Chemistry. Chemistry of transition metal complexes. Kingston, Jamaica: University of the West Indies. Archived from the original on 2018-08-08.

gem-a.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Hughes, R.W. (1994). "The rubies and spinels of Afghanistan: A brief history" (PDF). Journal of Gemmology. 24 (4): 256–267. doi:10.15506/JoG.1994.24.4.256. Retrieved 29 April 2021.

gia.edu (Global: low place; English: 9,053^rd place)

Pardieu, Vincent (2014). "Hunting for "Jedi" Spinels in Mogok". Gems & Gemology. 50 (1): 46–57. doi:10.5741/GEMS.50.1.46.

hdl.handle.net (Global: 66^th place; English: 34^th place)

Leuthold J, Blundy JD, Brooker RA (2015). "Experimental petrology constraints on the recycling of mafic cumulate: A focus on Cr-spinel from the Rum Eastern Layered Intrusion, Scotland". Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology. 170 (2): 12. Bibcode:2015CoMP..170...12L. doi:10.1007/s00410-015-1165-0. hdl:1983/43578f76-07c8-4676-84d1-d763d5228efb. S2CID 129562202.

jstor.org (Global: 23^rd place; English: 15^th place)

Grimes, N.W.; et al. (8 April 1983). "New symmetry and structure for spinel". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences. 386 (1791): 333–345. Bibcode:1983RSPSA.386..333G. doi:10.1098/rspa.1983.0039. JSTOR 2397417. S2CID 96560029.

mindat.org (Global: 712^th place; English: 1,219^th place)

"Spinel". mindat.org.

mining.com (Global: low place; English: 8,910^th place)

Mining.Com (5 April 2019). "Scientists figure out origin of cobalt-blue spinel in Canada's Arctic".

navy.mil (Global: 206^th place; English: 129^th place)

nrl.navy.mil

"Transparent Armor from NRL; Spinel Could Also Ruggedize Your Smart Phone". Naval Research Laboratory. 23 April 2015. Archived from the original on 4 August 2023. Retrieved 4 August 2023.

nbuv.gov.ua (Global: 3,063^rd place; English: low place)

dspace.nbuv.gov.ua

Lytvynov, L.A. (2011). "On the words used as names for ruby and sapphire" (PDF). Functional Materials. 18 (2): 275. Retrieved 29 April 2021.

phys.org (Global: 1,595^th place; English: 1,363^rd place)

"Researchers finding applications for tough spinel ceramic". Phys.org. 24 April 2015.

researchgate.net (Global: 96^th place; English: 89^th place)

Hwang, L.; et al. (July 1973). "On the space group of MgAl
₂O
₄ spinel". Philosophical Magazine. doi:10.1080/14786437308217448.
Pardieu, V.; Farkhodova, T. (Summer 2019). "Spinel from Tajikistan". InColor: 30–33. Retrieved 28 April 2021.
Pardieu, Vincent; Hughes, R. W.; Boehm, E. (2008). "Spinel: Resurrection of a classic". InColor Magazine: 10–18. Retrieved 29 April 2021.
Boris Chauviré, Benjamin Rondeau, Emmanuel Fritsch, Phillipe Ressigeac, and Jean-Luc Devidal (Spring 2015). "Blue Spinel From the Luc Yen District of Vietnam". Gems & Gemology.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

Warr, L.N. (2021). "IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols". Mineralogical Magazine. 85 (3): 291–320. Bibcode:2021MinM...85..291W. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43. S2CID 235729616.
Grimes, N.W.; et al. (8 April 1983). "New symmetry and structure for spinel". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences. 386 (1791): 333–345. Bibcode:1983RSPSA.386..333G. doi:10.1098/rspa.1983.0039. JSTOR 2397417. S2CID 96560029.
Leuthold J, Blundy JD, Brooker RA (2015). "Experimental petrology constraints on the recycling of mafic cumulate: A focus on Cr-spinel from the Rum Eastern Layered Intrusion, Scotland". Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology. 170 (2): 12. Bibcode:2015CoMP..170...12L. doi:10.1007/s00410-015-1165-0. hdl:1983/43578f76-07c8-4676-84d1-d763d5228efb. S2CID 129562202.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

Lancashire, Robert John. "Normal spinels". CHEM2101 (C 21J) Inorganic Chemistry. Chemistry of transition metal complexes. Kingston, Jamaica: University of the West Indies. Archived from the original on 2018-08-08.
"Transparent Armor from NRL; Spinel Could Also Ruggedize Your Smart Phone". Naval Research Laboratory. 23 April 2015. Archived from the original on 4 August 2023. Retrieved 4 August 2023.

webmineral.com (Global: 3,342^nd place; English: 4,187^th place)

Spinel Mineral Data, WebMineral.com

wondermondo.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Wondermondo (16 June 2019). "Finds of cobalt blue spinel in Lục Yên, Vietnam".

Spinel (English Wikipedia)

adsabs.harvard.edu (Global: 14th place; English: 9th place)

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

amazon.com (Global: 159th place; English: 105th place)

books.google.com (Global: 3rd place; English: 3rd place)

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caltech.edu (Global: 240th place; English: 473rd place)

minerals.gps.caltech.edu

doi.org (Global: 2nd place; English: 2nd place)

ed.ac.uk (Global: 1,867th place; English: 1,129th place)

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wwwchem.uwimona.edu.jm

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gia.edu (Global: low place; English: 9,053rd place)

hdl.handle.net (Global: 66th place; English: 34th place)

jstor.org (Global: 23rd place; English: 15th place)

mindat.org (Global: 712th place; English: 1,219th place)

mining.com (Global: low place; English: 8,910th place)

navy.mil (Global: 206th place; English: 129th place)

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nbuv.gov.ua (Global: 3,063rd place; English: low place)

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phys.org (Global: 1,595th place; English: 1,363rd place)

researchgate.net (Global: 96th place; English: 89th place)

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15th place; English: 8th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

web.archive.org (Global: 1st place; English: 1st place)

webmineral.com (Global: 3,342nd place; English: 4,187th place)

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adsabs.harvard.edu (Global: 14^th place; English: 9^th place)

amazon.com (Global: 159^th place; English: 105^th place)

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

bristol.ac.uk (Global: 7,934^th place; English: 4,709^th place)

caltech.edu (Global: 240^th place; English: 473^rd place)

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

ed.ac.uk (Global: 1,867^th place; English: 1,129^th place)

gia.edu (Global: low place; English: 9,053^rd place)

hdl.handle.net (Global: 66^th place; English: 34^th place)

jstor.org (Global: 23^rd place; English: 15^th place)

mindat.org (Global: 712^th place; English: 1,219^th place)

mining.com (Global: low place; English: 8,910^th place)

navy.mil (Global: 206^th place; English: 129^th place)

nbuv.gov.ua (Global: 3,063^rd place; English: low place)

phys.org (Global: 1,595^th place; English: 1,363^rd place)

researchgate.net (Global: 96^th place; English: 89^th place)

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

webmineral.com (Global: 3,342^nd place; English: 4,187^th place)