Spinosaurus (English Wikipedia)

Mortimer, M. (March 25, 2007). "Comments on Therrien and Henderson's new paper". Dinosaur Mailing List. Archived from the original on October 11, 2007. Retrieved September 22, 2010.
Harris, J.D. (March 26, 2007). "Re: Comments on Therrien and Henderson's new paper". Dinosaur Mailing List. Archived from the original on April 14, 2011. Retrieved September 22, 2010.

creativecommons.org

McFeeters, Bradley D. (2021). "New mid-cervical vertebral morphotype of Spinosauridae from the Kem Kem Group of Morocco". Vertebrate Anatomy Morphology Palaeontology. 8: 182–193. doi:10.18435/vamp29370. S2CID 234104245. This article incorporates text available under the CC BY 4.0 license.
Sereno, Paul C.; Myhrvold, Nathan; Henderson, Donald M.; Fish, Frank E.; Vidal, Daniel; Baumgart, Stephanie L.; Keillor, Tyler M.; Formoso, Kiersten K.; Conroy, Lauren L. (2022). "Spinosaurus is not an aquatic dinosaur". eLife. 11. e80092. doi:10.7554/eLife.80092. PMC 9711522. PMID 36448670. Text was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

doi.org

Buffetaut, Eric; Ouaja, Mohamed (September 1, 2002). "A new specimen of Spinosaurus (Dinosauria, Theropoda) from the Lower Cretaceous of Tunisia, with remarks on the evolutionary history of the Spinosauridae" (PDF). Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France. 173 (5): 415–421. doi:10.2113/173.5.415. hdl:2042/216.
Taquet, P.; and Russell, D.A. (1998). "New data on spinosaurid dinosaurs from the Early Cretaceous of the Sahara" (PDF). Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences, Série IIA. 327 (5): 347–353. Bibcode:1998CRASE.327..347T. doi:10.1016/S1251-8050(98)80054-2. Retrieved September 22, 2010.
Smyth, Robert S.H.; Ibrahim, Nizar; Martill, David M. (October 2020). "Sigilmassasaurus is Spinosaurus: A reappraisal of African spinosaurines". Cretaceous Research. 114: 104520. Bibcode:2020CrRes.11404520S. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2020.104520. S2CID 219487346.
Smith, J.B.; Lamanna, M.C.; Mayr, H.; and Lacovara, K.J. (2006). "New information regarding the holotype of Spinosaurus aegyptiacus Stromer, 1915". Journal of Paleontology. 80 (2): 400–406. doi:10.1666/0022-3360(2006)080[0400:NIRTHO]2.0.CO;2. S2CID 130989487.
Sereno, P.C.; Beck, A.L.; Dutheuil, D.B.; Gado, B.; Larsson, H.C.; Lyon, G.H.; Marcot, J.D.; Rauhut, O.W.M.; Sadleir, R.W.; Sidor, C.A.; Varricchio, D.J.; Wilson, G.P.; Wilson, J.A. (1998). "A long-snouted predatory dinosaur from Africa and the evolution of spinosaurids". Science. 282 (5392): 1298–1302. Bibcode:1998Sci...282.1298S. doi:10.1126/science.282.5392.1298. PMID 9812890.
Mahler, Luke (March 11, 2005). "Record of Abelisauridae (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Cenomanian of Morocco". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 25 (1): 236–239. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2005)025[0236:ROADTF]2.0.CO;2. S2CID 4974444.
dal Sasso, C.; Maganuco, S.; Buffetaut, E.; Mendez, M.A. (2005). "New information on the skull of the enigmatic theropod Spinosaurus, with remarks on its sizes and affinities". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 25 (4): 888–896. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2005)025[0888:NIOTSO]2.0.CO;2. S2CID 85702490.
Hendrickx, C.; Mateus, O.; Buffetaut, E. (2016). "Morphofunctional Analysis of the Quadrate of Spinosauridae (Dinosauria: Theropoda) and the Presence of Spinosaurus and a Second Spinosaurine Taxon in the Cenomanian of North Africa". PLOS ONE. 11 (1): e0144695. Bibcode:2016PLoSO..1144695H. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0144695. PMC 4703214. PMID 26734729.
Candeiro, C.R.A.; Gil, L.M.; de Castro, P.E. (2018). "Large-sized theropod Spinosaurus: an important component of the carnivorous dinosaur fauna in southern continents during the Cretaceous". Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France. 189 (4–6). 15. doi:10.1051/bsgf/2018010.
Evers, S. W.; Rauhut, O. W. M.; Milner, A. C.; McFeeters, B.; Allain, R. (2015). "A reappraisal of the morphology and systematic position of the theropod dinosaur Sigilmassasaurus from the "middle" Cretaceous of Morocco". PeerJ. 3: e1323. doi:10.7717/peerj.1323. PMC 4614847. PMID 26500829.
McFeeters, Bradley D. (2021). "New mid-cervical vertebral morphotype of Spinosauridae from the Kem Kem Group of Morocco". Vertebrate Anatomy Morphology Palaeontology. 8: 182–193. doi:10.18435/vamp29370. S2CID 234104245. This article incorporates text available under the CC BY 4.0 license.
Sales, M.A.F.; Schultz, C.L. (2017). "Spinosaur taxonomy and evolution of craniodental features: Evidence from Brazil". PLOS ONE. 12 (11): e0187070. Bibcode:2017PLoSO..1287070S. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0187070. PMC 5673194. PMID 29107966.
Ibrahim, N.; Sereno, P.C.; Varrachio, D.J.; Martill, D.M.; Unwin, D.M.; Baidder, L.; Larsson, H.C.E.; Zouhri, S.; Kaoukaya, U. (2020). "Geology and paleontology of the Upper Cretaceous Kem Kem Group of eastern Morocco". ZooKeys (928): 1–216. Bibcode:2020ZooK..928....1I. doi:10.3897/zookeys.928.47517. PMC 7188693. PMID 32362741.
Arden, T.M.S.; Klein, C.G.; Zouhri, S.; Longrich, N.R. (2018). "Aquatic adaptation in the skull of carnivorous dinosaurs (Theropoda: Spinosauridae) and the evolution of aquatic habits in Spinosaurus". Cretaceous Research. 93: 275–284. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2018.06.013. S2CID 134735938.
Ibrahim, Nizar; Sereno, Paul C.; Dal Sasso, Cristiano; Maganuco, Simone; Fabbri, Matteo; Martill, David M.; Zouhri, Samir; Myhrvold, Nathan; Iurino, Dawid A. (September 26, 2014). "Semiaquatic adaptations in a giant predatory dinosaur". Science. 345 (6204): 1613–1616. Bibcode:2014Sci...345.1613I. doi:10.1126/science.1258750. PMID 25213375. S2CID 34421257. Supplementary Information
Buffetaut, E.; Dauphin, Y.; Jaeger, J.-J.; Martin, M.; Mazin, J.-M.; and Tong, H. (1986). "Prismatic dental enamel in theropod dinosaurs". Naturwissenschaften. 73 (6): 326–327. Bibcode:1986NW.....73..326B. doi:10.1007/BF00451481. PMID 3748191. S2CID 11701295.
Buffetaut, E. (1989). "New remains of the enigmatic dinosaur Spinosaurus from the Cretaceous of Morocco and the affinities between Spinosaurus and Baryonyx". Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Monatshefte. 1989 (2): 79–87. doi:10.1127/njgpm/1989/1989/79.
Buffetaut, E. (1992). "Remarks on the Cretaceous theropod dinosaurs Spinosaurus and Baryonyx". Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Monatshefte. 1992 (2): 88–96. doi:10.1127/njgpm/1992/1992/88.
Kellner, A.W.A.; and Mader, B.J. (1997). "Archosaur teeth from the Cretaceous of Morocco". Journal of Paleontology. 71 (3): 525–527. Bibcode:1997JPal...71..525K. doi:10.1017/S0022336000039548. JSTOR 1306632. S2CID 132508192.
Benton, M.J.; Bouaziz, S.; Buffetaut, E.; Martill, D.; Ouaja, M.; Soussi, M.; and Trueman, C. (2000). "Dinosaurs and other fossil vertebrates from fluvial deposits in the Lower Cretaceous of southern Tunisia" (PDF). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 157 (3–4): 227–246. Bibcode:2000PPP...157..227B. doi:10.1016/S0031-0182(99)00167-4.
Brusatte, Stephen L.; Sereno, Paul C. (December 12, 2007). "A new species of Carcharodontosaurus (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Cenomanian of Niger and a revision of the genus". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 27 (4): 902–916. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2007)27[902:ANSOCD]2.0.CO;2. S2CID 86202969.
Benyoucef, Madani; Läng, Emilie; Cavin, Lionel; Mebarki, Kaddour; Adaci, Mohammed; Bensalah, Mustapha (July 1, 2015). "Overabundance of piscivorous dinosaurs (Theropoda: Spinosauridae) in the mid-Cretaceous of North Africa: The Algerian dilemma". Cretaceous Research. 55: 44–55. Bibcode:2015CrRes..55...44B. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2015.02.002. ISSN 0195-6671.
Maganuco, Simone; Dal Sasso, Cristiano (May 30, 2018). "The smallest biggest theropod dinosaur: a tiny pedal ungual of a juvenile Spinosaurus from the Cretaceous of Morocco". PeerJ. 6: e4785. doi:10.7717/peerj.4785. PMC 5984586. PMID 29868253.
Rebecca J. Lakin; Nicholas R. Longrich (2019). "Juvenile spinosaurs (Theropoda: Spinosauridae) from the middle Cretaceous of Morocco and implications for spinosaur ecology". Cretaceous Research. 93: 129–142. Bibcode:2019CrRes..93..129L. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2018.09.012.
Lacerda, M. B. S.; Isasmendi, E.; Delcourt, R.; Fernandes, M. A.; Hutchinson, J. R. (2024). "New theropod dinosaur remains from the Upper Cretaceous of the Kem Kem Group (Eastern Morocco) clarify spinosaurid morphology". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 202 (2). zlae109. doi:10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae109.
Lacerda, Mauro B.S.; Grillo, Orlando N.; Romano, Pedro S.R. (2021). "Rostral morphology of Spinosauridae (Theropoda, Megalosauroidea): Premaxilla shape variation and a new phylogenetic inference". Historical Biology. 34 (11): 2089–2109. doi:10.1080/08912963.2021.2000974. S2CID 244418803.
Isasmendi E, Navarro-Lorbés P, Sáez-Benito P, Viera LI, Torices A, Pereda-Suberbiola X (2023). "New contributions to the skull anatomy of spinosaurid theropods: Baryonychinae maxilla from the Early Cretaceous of Igea (La Rioja, Spain)". Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology. 35 (6): 909–923. Bibcode:2023HBio...35..909I. doi:10.1080/08912963.2022.2069019. S2CID 248906462.
Therrien, F.; Henderson, D.M. (2007). "My theropod is bigger than yours...or not: estimating body size from skull length in theropods". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 27 (1): 108–115. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2007)27[108:MTIBTY]2.0.CO;2. S2CID 86025320.
Sereno, Paul C.; Myhrvold, Nathan; Henderson, Donald M.; Fish, Frank E.; Vidal, Daniel; Baumgart, Stephanie L.; Keillor, Tyler M.; Formoso, Kiersten K.; Conroy, Lauren L. (2022). "Spinosaurus is not an aquatic dinosaur". eLife. 11. e80092. doi:10.7554/eLife.80092. PMC 9711522. PMID 36448670. Text was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Hone, David William Elliott; Holtz, Thomas Richard (June 2017). "A Century of Spinosaurs - A Review and Revision of the Spinosauridae with Comments on Their Ecology". Acta Geologica Sinica - English Edition. 91 (3): 1120–1132. Bibcode:2017AcGlS..91.1120H. doi:10.1111/1755-6724.13328. S2CID 90952478.
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Mann, Arjan; Reisz, Robert R. (2020). "Antiquity of 'Sail-Backed' Neural Spine Hyper-Elongation in Mammal Forerunners". Frontiers in Earth Science. 8: 83. Bibcode:2020FrEaS...8...83M. doi:10.3389/feart.2020.00083.
Ibrahim, Nizar; Maganuco, Simone; Dal Sasso, Cristiano; Fabbri, Matteo; Auditore, Marco; Bindellini, Gabriele; Martill, David M.; Zouhri, Samir; Mattarelli, Diego A.; Unwin, David M.; Wiemann, Jasmina; Bonadonna, Davide; Amane, Ayoub; Jakubczak, Juliana; Joger, Ulrich; Lauder, George V.; Pierce, Stephanie E. (May 7, 2020). "Tail-propelled aquatic locomotion in a theropod dinosaur". Nature. 581 (7806): 67–70. Bibcode:2020Natur.581...67I. doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2190-3. PMID 32376955. S2CID 216650535.
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Buffetaut, E.; Martill, D.; Escuillié, F. (2004). "Pterosaurs as part of a spinosaur diet". Nature. 430 (6995): 33. Bibcode:2004Natur.429...33B. doi:10.1038/430033a. PMID 15229562. S2CID 4398855.
Cuff, A. R.; Rayfield, E. J. (2013). Farke, Andrew A (ed.). "Feeding Mechanics in Spinosaurid Theropods and Extant Crocodilians". PLOS ONE. 8 (5): e65295. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...865295C. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0065295. PMC 3665537. PMID 23724135.
Sakamoto, Manabu (2022). "Estimating bite force in extinct dinosaurs using phylogenetically predicted physiological cross-sectional areas of jaw adductor muscles". PeerJ. 10: e13731. doi:10.7717/peerj.13731. PMC 9285543. PMID 35846881.
D'Amore, Domenic C.; Johnson-Ransom, Evan; Snively, Eric; Hone, David W. E. (August 28, 2024). "Prey size and ecological separation in spinosaurid theropods based on heterodonty and rostrum shape". The Anatomical Record. doi:10.1002/ar.25563. ISSN 1932-8486. PMID 39205383.
Amiot, R.; Buffetaut, E.; Lécuyer, C.; Wang, X.; Boudad, L.; Ding, Z.; Fourel, F.; Hutt, S.; Martineau, F.; Medeiros, A.; Mo, J.; Simon, L.; Suteethorn, V.; Sweetman, S.; Tong, H.; Zhang, F.; Zhou, Z. (2010). "Oxygen isotope evidence for semi-aquatic habits among spinosaurid theropods". Geology. 38 (2): 139–142. Bibcode:2010Geo....38..139A. doi:10.1130/G30402.1.
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Hone; Holtz, Thomas R. Jr. (2021). "Evaluating the ecology of Spinosaurus: Shoreline generalist or aquatic pursuit specialist?". Palaeontologia Electronica. 24 (1): a03. doi:10.26879/1110. hdl:1903/28570.
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Smith, Roy E.; Martill, David M. (June 2023). "An unusual dental pathology in a tooth of Spinosaurus (Dinosauria, Theropoda) from the mid-Cretaceous of Morocco". Cretaceous Research. 146: 105499. Bibcode:2023CrRes.14605499S. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2023.105499. Retrieved May 6, 2024 – via Elsevier Science Direct.
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elsevier.com

linkinghub.elsevier.com

Smith, Roy E.; Martill, David M. (June 2023). "An unusual dental pathology in a tooth of Spinosaurus (Dinosauria, Theropoda) from the mid-Cretaceous of Morocco". Cretaceous Research. 146: 105499. Bibcode:2023CrRes.14605499S. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2023.105499. Retrieved May 6, 2024 – via Elsevier Science Direct.

free.fr

lesdinos.free.fr

Taquet, P.; and Russell, D.A. (1998). "New data on spinosaurid dinosaurs from the Early Cretaceous of the Sahara" (PDF). Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences, Série IIA. 327 (5): 347–353. Bibcode:1998CRASE.327..347T. doi:10.1016/S1251-8050(98)80054-2. Retrieved September 22, 2010.

handle.net

hdl.handle.net

Buffetaut, Eric; Ouaja, Mohamed (September 1, 2002). "A new specimen of Spinosaurus (Dinosauria, Theropoda) from the Lower Cretaceous of Tunisia, with remarks on the evolutionary history of the Spinosauridae" (PDF). Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France. 173 (5): 415–421. doi:10.2113/173.5.415. hdl:2042/216.
Hone; Holtz, Thomas R. Jr. (2021). "Evaluating the ecology of Spinosaurus: Shoreline generalist or aquatic pursuit specialist?". Palaeontologia Electronica. 24 (1): a03. doi:10.26879/1110. hdl:1903/28570.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Taquet, P.; and Russell, D.A. (1998). "New data on spinosaurid dinosaurs from the Early Cretaceous of the Sahara" (PDF). Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences, Série IIA. 327 (5): 347–353. Bibcode:1998CRASE.327..347T. doi:10.1016/S1251-8050(98)80054-2. Retrieved September 22, 2010.
Smyth, Robert S.H.; Ibrahim, Nizar; Martill, David M. (October 2020). "Sigilmassasaurus is Spinosaurus: A reappraisal of African spinosaurines". Cretaceous Research. 114: 104520. Bibcode:2020CrRes.11404520S. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2020.104520. S2CID 219487346.
Sereno, P.C.; Beck, A.L.; Dutheuil, D.B.; Gado, B.; Larsson, H.C.; Lyon, G.H.; Marcot, J.D.; Rauhut, O.W.M.; Sadleir, R.W.; Sidor, C.A.; Varricchio, D.J.; Wilson, G.P.; Wilson, J.A. (1998). "A long-snouted predatory dinosaur from Africa and the evolution of spinosaurids". Science. 282 (5392): 1298–1302. Bibcode:1998Sci...282.1298S. doi:10.1126/science.282.5392.1298. PMID 9812890.
Hendrickx, C.; Mateus, O.; Buffetaut, E. (2016). "Morphofunctional Analysis of the Quadrate of Spinosauridae (Dinosauria: Theropoda) and the Presence of Spinosaurus and a Second Spinosaurine Taxon in the Cenomanian of North Africa". PLOS ONE. 11 (1): e0144695. Bibcode:2016PLoSO..1144695H. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0144695. PMC 4703214. PMID 26734729.
Sales, M.A.F.; Schultz, C.L. (2017). "Spinosaur taxonomy and evolution of craniodental features: Evidence from Brazil". PLOS ONE. 12 (11): e0187070. Bibcode:2017PLoSO..1287070S. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0187070. PMC 5673194. PMID 29107966.
Ibrahim, N.; Sereno, P.C.; Varrachio, D.J.; Martill, D.M.; Unwin, D.M.; Baidder, L.; Larsson, H.C.E.; Zouhri, S.; Kaoukaya, U. (2020). "Geology and paleontology of the Upper Cretaceous Kem Kem Group of eastern Morocco". ZooKeys (928): 1–216. Bibcode:2020ZooK..928....1I. doi:10.3897/zookeys.928.47517. PMC 7188693. PMID 32362741.
Ibrahim, Nizar; Sereno, Paul C.; Dal Sasso, Cristiano; Maganuco, Simone; Fabbri, Matteo; Martill, David M.; Zouhri, Samir; Myhrvold, Nathan; Iurino, Dawid A. (September 26, 2014). "Semiaquatic adaptations in a giant predatory dinosaur". Science. 345 (6204): 1613–1616. Bibcode:2014Sci...345.1613I. doi:10.1126/science.1258750. PMID 25213375. S2CID 34421257. Supplementary Information
Buffetaut, E.; Dauphin, Y.; Jaeger, J.-J.; Martin, M.; Mazin, J.-M.; and Tong, H. (1986). "Prismatic dental enamel in theropod dinosaurs". Naturwissenschaften. 73 (6): 326–327. Bibcode:1986NW.....73..326B. doi:10.1007/BF00451481. PMID 3748191. S2CID 11701295.
Kellner, A.W.A.; and Mader, B.J. (1997). "Archosaur teeth from the Cretaceous of Morocco". Journal of Paleontology. 71 (3): 525–527. Bibcode:1997JPal...71..525K. doi:10.1017/S0022336000039548. JSTOR 1306632. S2CID 132508192.
Benton, M.J.; Bouaziz, S.; Buffetaut, E.; Martill, D.; Ouaja, M.; Soussi, M.; and Trueman, C. (2000). "Dinosaurs and other fossil vertebrates from fluvial deposits in the Lower Cretaceous of southern Tunisia" (PDF). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 157 (3–4): 227–246. Bibcode:2000PPP...157..227B. doi:10.1016/S0031-0182(99)00167-4.
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ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

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