Spiral of silence (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Spiral of silence" in English language version.

refsWebsite

Global rank English rank

71doi.org

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37semanticscholar.org

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22worldcat.org

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8nih.gov

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4arxiv.org

69^th place

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3archive.org

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3web.archive.org

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3jstor.org

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2harvard.edu

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2books.google.com

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2sagepub.com

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1oup.com

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1american.edu

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1loc.gov

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1ucm.es

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1about.com

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1thecharliekirkshow.com

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1bowlingtogether.net

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1archives-ouvertes.fr

1,031^st place

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1retractionwatch.com

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about.com

psychology.about.com

Cherry, Kendra (2012). "The Asch Conformity Experiments". Psychology. About.com. Archived from the original on 2013-04-01. Retrieved 2013-10-08.

american.edu

Neill 2009, p. 42. Neill, S (May 2009), "The Alternate Channel: How Social Media is Challenging the Spiral of Silence Theory in GLBT Communities of Color" (PDF), American University, Washington, DC, archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-06-29, retrieved 2012-04-24

archive.org

Noelle-Neumann 1984, p. 3 ——— (1984). The spiral of silence: Public opinion, our social skin. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 9780226589329.
Noelle-Neumann 1984, p. ^{[page needed]}. ——— (1984). The spiral of silence: Public opinion, our social skin. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 9780226589329.
Noelle-Neumann 1984, pp. 62–63. ——— (1984). The spiral of silence: Public opinion, our social skin. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 9780226589329.

archives-ouvertes.fr

halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr

Brouard, S; Guinaudeau, I (28 August 2014). "Policy beyond politics? Public opinion, party politics and the French pro-nuclear energy policy" (PDF). Journal of Public Policy. 35 (1): 137–170. doi:10.1017/s0143814x14000221. ISSN 0143-814X. S2CID 53414300.

arxiv.org

Yang, Kai-Cheng; Varol, O; Davis, CA; Ferrara, E; Flammini, A; Menczer, F (January 2019). "Arming the public with artificial intelligence to counter social bots". Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies. 1 (1): 48–61. arXiv:1901.00912. doi:10.1002/hbe2.115. ISSN 2578-1863.
Davis, CA; Varol, O; Ferrara, E; Flammini, A; Menczer, F (2016). "BotOrNot". Proceedings of the 25th International Conference Companion on World Wide Web - WWW '16 Companion. New York: ACM Press. pp. 273–274. arXiv:1602.00975. doi:10.1145/2872518.2889302. ISBN 978-1-4503-4144-8. S2CID 17852123.
Ferrara, E; Varol, O; Davis, C; Menczer, F; Flammini, A (24 June 2016). "The rise of social bots". Communications of the ACM. 59 (7): 96–104. arXiv:1407.5225. doi:10.1145/2818717. ISSN 0001-0782.
Ferrara, E (31 July 2017). "Disinformation and social bot operations in the run up to the 2017 French presidential election". First Monday. arXiv:1707.00086. doi:10.5210/fm.v22i8.8005. ISSN 1396-0466. S2CID 9732472.

books.google.com

Lippmann, W (1992) [Originally published: New York: Macmillan, 1922]. Public opinion. Transaction Publishers. back cover. ISBN 1-56000-999-3. LCCN 97-28875.
Media, Everest (19 May 2022). Summary of Todd Rose's Collective Illusions. Everest Media LLC. ISBN 979-8-8225-1713-4.

bowlingtogether.net

Coleman & Gøtze 2001, p. 17. Coleman, S; Gøtze, J (2001), Bowling together: Online public engagement in policy deliberation (PDF), archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-09-16.

doi.org

Taylor, D. Garth (1982). "Pluralistic Ignorance and the Spiral of Silence: A Formal Analysis". Public Opinion Quarterly. 46 (3): 311. doi:10.1086/268729. ISSN 0033-362X.
Noelle-Neumann 1977, pp. 40, 143–158 ——— (1977), "Turbulences in the climate of opinion: Methodological applications of the spiral of silence theory", Public Opinion Quarterly, 41 (2): 143–158, doi:10.1086/268371.
Scheufle, DA; Moy, P (1 March 2000). "Twenty-Five Years of the Spiral of Silence: A Conceptual Review and Empirical Outlook". International Journal of Public Opinion Research. 12 (1): 3–28. doi:10.1093/ijpor/12.1.3. ISSN 1471-6909.
Eveland, William P.; Glynn, Carroll J. (2008), "Theories on the Perception of Social Reality", The SAGE Handbook of Public Opinion Research, London: SAGE Publications Ltd, pp. 155–163, doi:10.4135/9781848607910.n15, ISBN 9781412911771, retrieved 2022-02-14
Asch, Solomon E. (1955). "Opinions and Social Pressure". Scientific American. 193 (5): 31–35. Bibcode:1955SciAm.193e..31A. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican1155-31. ISSN 0036-8733. JSTOR 24943779. S2CID 4172915.
Kushin, Matthew J.; Yamamoto, Masahiro; Dalisay, Francis (April 2019). "Societal Majority, Facebook, and the Spiral of Silence in the 2016 US Presidential Election". Social Media + Society. 5 (2): 205630511985513. doi:10.1177/2056305119855139. ISSN 2056-3051. S2CID 197799190.
Noelle-Neumann 1977. ——— (1977), "Turbulences in the climate of opinion: Methodological applications of the spiral of silence theory", Public Opinion Quarterly, 41 (2): 143–158, doi:10.1086/268371.
Kerr, Norbert L; MacCoun, Robert J; Hansen, Christine H; Hymes, Janet A (March 1987). "Gaining and losing social support: Momentum in decision-making groups". Journal of Experimental Social Psychology. 23 (2): 119–145. doi:10.1016/0022-1031(87)90028-x. ISSN 0022-1031.
Farjam, Mike; Loxbo, Karl (17 March 2023). "Social conformity or attitude persistence? The bandwagon effect and the spiral of silence in a polarized context". Journal of Elections, Public Opinion and Parties. 34 (3): 531–551. doi:10.1080/17457289.2023.2189730. ISSN 1745-7289. S2CID 257621735.
Lang, K; Lang, GE (1 September 2012). "What is this Thing we Call Public Opinion? Reflections on the Spiral of Silence". International Journal of Public Opinion Research. 24 (3): 368–386. doi:10.1093/ijpor/eds014. ISSN 0954-2892.
McCombs, ME; Shaw, DL (1972). "The agenda-setting function of mass media". Public Opinion Quarterly. 36 (2): 176–187. doi:10.1086/267990.
Ho, SS; Chen, Vivian Hsueh-Hua; Sim, CC (1 April 2013). "The spiral of silence: examining how cultural predispositions, news attention, and opinion congruency relate to opinion expression". Asian Journal of Communication. 23 (2): 113–134. doi:10.1080/01292986.2012.725178. ISSN 0129-2986. S2CID 143815075.
Kennamer, JD (1990). "Self-serving biases in perceiving the opinions of others: Implications for the spiral of silence". Communication Research. 17 (3): 393–404. doi:10.1177/009365090017003006. S2CID 145444003.
Tichenor, PJ; Wackman, DB (1973). "Mass media and community public opinion". American Behavioral Scientist. 16 (4): 593–606. doi:10.1177/000276427301600408. S2CID 144558299.
Chaudhry & Gruzd 2019. Chaudhry, I; Gruzd, A (January 2019). "Expressing and Challenging Racist Discourse on Facebook: How Social Media Weaken the "Spiral of Silence" Theory". Policy & Internet. 12 (1): 88–108. doi:10.1002/poi3.197. ISSN 1944-2866. S2CID 149913905.
Gearhart, S; Zhang, Weiwu (16 April 2015). ""Was It Something I Said?" "No, It Was Something You Posted!" A Study of the Spiral of Silence Theory in Social Media Contexts". Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking. 18 (4): 208–213. doi:10.1089/cyber.2014.0443. PMID 25879378.
Gearhart, S; Zhang, W (23 September 2013). "Gay Bullying and Online Opinion Expression: Testing Spiral of Silence in the Social Media Environment". Social Science Computer Review. 32 (1): 18–36. doi:10.1177/0894439313504261. S2CID 60647812.
Yang, Kai-Cheng; Varol, O; Davis, CA; Ferrara, E; Flammini, A; Menczer, F (January 2019). "Arming the public with artificial intelligence to counter social bots". Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies. 1 (1): 48–61. arXiv:1901.00912. doi:10.1002/hbe2.115. ISSN 2578-1863.
Davis, CA; Varol, O; Ferrara, E; Flammini, A; Menczer, F (2016). "BotOrNot". Proceedings of the 25th International Conference Companion on World Wide Web - WWW '16 Companion. New York: ACM Press. pp. 273–274. arXiv:1602.00975. doi:10.1145/2872518.2889302. ISBN 978-1-4503-4144-8. S2CID 17852123.
Ferrara, E; Varol, O; Davis, C; Menczer, F; Flammini, A (24 June 2016). "The rise of social bots". Communications of the ACM. 59 (7): 96–104. arXiv:1407.5225. doi:10.1145/2818717. ISSN 0001-0782.
Ross, B; Pilz, L; Cabrera, B; Brachten, F; Neubaum, G; Stieglitz, S (14 January 2019). "Are social bots a real threat? An agent-based model of the spiral of silence to analyse the impact of manipulative actors in social networks". European Journal of Information Systems. 28 (4): 394–412. doi:10.1080/0960085x.2018.1560920. ISSN 0960-085X.
Bessi, A; Ferrara, E (3 November 2016). "Social bots distort the 2016 U.S. Presidential election online discussion". First Monday. doi:10.5210/fm.v21i11.7090. ISSN 1396-0466. S2CID 20990413.
Ferrara, E (31 July 2017). "Disinformation and social bot operations in the run up to the 2017 French presidential election". First Monday. arXiv:1707.00086. doi:10.5210/fm.v22i8.8005. ISSN 1396-0466. S2CID 9732472.
Noelle-Neumann 1974. Noelle-Neumann, E (1974), "The spiral of silence: a theory of public opinion", Journal of Communication, 24 (2): 43–51, doi:10.1111/j.1460-2466.1974.tb00367.x, S2CID 59515037.
Scheufele & Moy 2000. Scheufele, DA; Moy, P (2000), "Twenty-five years of the spiral of silence: A conceptual review and empirical outlook", International Journal of Public Opinion Research, 12 (1): 3–28, doi:10.1093/ijpor/12.1.3, ISSN 0954-2892.
Shelton, JN (2005). "Intergroup Contact and Pluralistic Ignorance". Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 88 (1): 91–107. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.88.1.91. PMID 15631577. S2CID 16193685.
Lasorsa, Dominic L. (March 1991). "Political Outspokenness: Factors Working against the Spiral of Silence". Journalism Quarterly. 68 (1–2): 131–140. doi:10.1177/107769909106800114. ISSN 0022-5533. S2CID 143673516.
Salmon, Charles T.; Neuwirth, Kurt (September 1990). "Perceptions of Opinion "Climates" and Willingness to Discuss the Issue of Abortion". Journalism Quarterly. 67 (3): 567–577. doi:10.1177/107769909006700312. ISSN 0022-5533. S2CID 144378161.
Shanahan et al. 2004. Shanahan, J; Scheufele, DA; Yang, Fang; Hizi, S (2004), "Cultivation and spiral of silence effects:the case of smoking", Mass Communication and Society, 7 (4): 413–428, doi:10.1207/s15327825mcs0704_3, S2CID 143645965.
Salmon, CT; Neuwirth, K (1990). "Perceptions of opinion "climates" and willingness to discuss the issue of abortion". Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly. 67 (3): 567–577. doi:10.1177/107769909006700312. S2CID 144378161.
Moy, Domke & Stamm 2001. Moy, P; Domke, D; Stamm, K (2001), "The spiral of silence and public opinion on affirmative action", Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly, 78 (1): 7–25, doi:10.1177/107769900107800102, S2CID 145442734.
Hayes, AF (2007). "Exploring the Forms of Self-Censorship: On the Spiral of Silence and the Use of Opinion Expression Avoidance Strategies". Journal of Communication. 57 (4): 785–802. doi:10.1111/j.1460-2466.2007.00368.x.
Dalisay, F; Hmielowski, JD; Kushin, MJ; Yamamoto, M (2012). "Social Capital and the Spiral of Silence". International Journal of Public Opinion Research. 24 (3): 325–345. doi:10.1093/ijpor/eds023. S2CID 19582611.
Milgram, S (1961). "Nationality and conformity". Scientific American. 205 (6): 45–51. Bibcode:1961SciAm.205f..45M. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican1261-45.
Bond, R; Smith, PB (1996). "Culture and conformity: A meta-analysis of studies using Asch's (1952b, 1956) line judgment task". Psychological Bulletin. 119 (1): 111–137. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.119.1.111. S2CID 17823166.
Huang 2005. Huang, Huiping (2005), "A Cross-Cultural Test of the Spiral of Silence", International Journal of Public Opinion Research, 17 (3): 1–25, doi:10.1093/ijpor/edh065.
Spencer & Stephen 2008. Spencer, A; Stephen, C (2008), "Basque Nationalism and the Spiral of Silence", International Communication Gazette, 70 (2): 137–153, doi:10.1177/1748048507086909, S2CID 145761544.
McDevitt, Kiousis & Wahl-Jorgensen 2003. McDevitt, M; Kiousis, S; Wahl-Jorgensen, K (2003), "Spiral of moderation: Opinion expression in computer-mediated discussion", International Journal of Public Opinion Research, 15 (4): 454–470, doi:10.1093/ijpor/15.4.454.
Jung Choi, Yun; Lee, Cheolhan; Hyuk Lee, Jong (March 2004). "Influence of poll results on the advocates' political discourse: An application of functional analysis debates to online messages in the 2002 Korean presidential election". Asian Journal of Communication. 14 (1): 95–110. doi:10.1080/0129298042000195189. S2CID 143853158.
Askay, DA (1 December 2015). "Silence in the crowd: The spiral of silence contributing to the positive bias of opinions in an online review system". New Media & Society. 17 (11): 1811–1829. doi:10.1177/1461444814535190. ISSN 1461-4448. S2CID 8935529.
O'Connor 1969. O'Connor, RD (1969), "Modification of social withdrawal through symbolic modeling", Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 2 (1): 15–22, doi:10.1901/jaba.1969.2-15, PMC 1311030, PMID 16795196.
O'Connor 1972. ——— (1972), "Relative efficacy of modeling, shaping, and the combined procedures for modification of social withdrawal", Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 79 (3): 327–334, doi:10.1037/h0033226, PMID 5033375, S2CID 15753273.
Gottman, Gonso & Rasmussen 1975. Gottman, J; Gonso, J; Rasmussen, B (1975), "Social interaction, social competence, and friendship in children", Child Development, 46 (3): 709–718, doi:10.2307/1128569, JSTOR 1128569, PMID 1098878.
Kraut et al. 1998. Kraut, RE; Patterson, M; Lundmark, V; Kiesler, S; Mukhopadhyay, T; Scherlis, W (1998), "Internet paradox: A social technology that reduces social involvement and psychological well-being?", American Psychologist, 53 (9): 1017–1032, doi:10.1037/0003-066x.53.9.1017, PMID 9841579, S2CID 513632.
Moody 2001. Moody, EJ (2001), "Internet use and its relationship to loneliness", CyberPsychology & Behavior, 4 (3): 393–401, doi:10.1089/109493101300210303, PMID 11710265.
Bradley & Poppen 2003. Bradley, N; Poppen, W (2003), "Assistive technology, computers and Internet may decrease sense of isolation for homebound elderly and disabled persons", Technology and Disability, 15 (1): 19–25, doi:10.3233/TAD-2003-15104.
Sassenberg 2002. Sassenberg, K (2002), "Common bond and common identity groups on the Internet: Attachment and normative behaviors in on-topic and off-topic chats", Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice, 6 (1): 27–37, doi:10.1037/1089-2699.6.1.27.
Cummings, Sproull & Kiesler 2002. Cummings, J; Sproull, L; Kiesler, SB (2002), "Beyond hearing: Where real-world and online support meet", Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice, 6 (1): 78–88, doi:10.1037/1089-2699.6.1.78, S2CID 6261146.
McKenna & Bargh 1998. McKenna, KYA; Bargh, JA (1998), "Coming out in the age of the Internet: Identity "demarginalization" through virtual group participation", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 75 (3): 681–694, doi:10.1037/0022-3514.75.3.681.
O'Hara 2002. O'Hara, K (2002), "The Internet: A tool for democratic pluralism?", Science as Culture, 11 (2): 287–298, doi:10.1080/09505430220137298, S2CID 145160626.
Harvey, Kerric, ed. (2014), "Spiral of Silence", Encyclopedia of Social Media and Politics, SAGE Publications, doi:10.4135/9781452244723.n504, ISBN 978-1-4522-4471-6
Nekmat & Gonzenbach 2013. Nekmat, E; Gonzenbach, WJ (2013). "Multiple Opinion Climates in Online Forums: Role of Website Source Reference and Within-Forum Opinion Congruency". Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly. 90 (4): 736–756. doi:10.1177/1077699013503162. ISSN 1077-6990. S2CID 144747317.
O'Sullivan 1995. O'Sullivan, PB (1995), "Computer networks and political participation: Santa Monica's teledemocracy project", Applied Communication Research, 23 (2): 93–107, doi:10.1080/00909889509365417.
Hiltz, Johnson & Turoff 1986. Hiltz, SR; Johnson, K; Turoff, M (1986), "Experiments in group decision making: Communication process and outcome in face-to-face versus computerized conferences", Human Communication Research, 13 (2): 225–252, doi:10.1111/j.1468-2958.1986.tb00104.x.
Stromer-Galley 2002, p. 35. Stromer-Galley, J (2002), "New voices in the political sphere: A comparative analysis of interpersonal and online political talk", Javnost/The Public, 9 (2): 23–42, doi:10.1080/13183222.2002.11008798, S2CID 143901249.
Kiesler, Siegel & McQuire 1984. Kiesler, S; Siegel, J; McQuire, TW (1984), "Social psychological aspects of computer-mediated communication", American Psychologist, 39 (10): 1123–1134, doi:10.1037/0003-066x.39.10.1123, S2CID 3896692.
Williams 1977. Williams, E (1977), "Experimental comparison of face-to-face and mediated communication: A review", Psychological Bulletin, 84 (5): 963–976, doi:10.1037/0033-2909.84.5.963.
Dahlberg 2001, p. 14. Dahlberg, L (2001), "The Internet and democratic discourse", Information, Communication & Society, 4 (4): 615–633, doi:10.1080/13691180110097030, S2CID 14492825.
Gastil 2000, p. 359. Gastil, J (2000), "Is face-to-face citizen deliberation a luxury or a necessity?", Political Communication, 14 (4): 357–361, doi:10.1080/10584600050178960, S2CID 59330356.
Warren 2001. Warren, ME (2001), "What should we expect from more democracy? Radically democratic responses to politics", Political Theory, 24 (2): 241–270, doi:10.1177/0090591796024002004, S2CID 143324483.
Gimmler 2001. Gimmler, A (2001), "Deliberative democracy, the public sphere and the Internet", Philosophy and Social Criticism, 27 (4): 357–361, doi:10.1177/019145370102700402, S2CID 145524757.
Neuwirth, K (2007). "The Spiral of Silence and Fear of Isolation". Journal of Communication. 57 (3): 450–468. doi:10.1111/j.1460-2466.2007.00352.x.
Scheufele, DA; Shanahan, J; Lee, E (1 June 2001). "Real Talk: Manipulating the Dependent Variable in Spiral of Silence Research". Communication Research. 28 (3): 304–324. doi:10.1177/009365001028003003. S2CID 44933419.
Katz, C; Baldassare, M (1994). "Popularity in a Freefall: Measuring a Spiral of Silence at the End of the Bush Presidency". International Journal of Public Opinion Research. 6 (1): 1–12. doi:10.1093/ijpor/6.1.1.
Matthes, J (2014). "Observing the "Spiral" in the Spiral of Silence". International Journal of Public Opinion Research. 27 (2): 155–176. doi:10.1093/ijpor/edu032.
Gearhart, S; Zhang, W (3 December 2015). "Same Spiral, Different Day? Testing the Spiral of Silence Across Issue Types". Communication Research. 45 (1): 34–54. doi:10.1177/0093650215616456. ISSN 0093-6502. S2CID 14041403.
Brouard, S; Guinaudeau, I (28 August 2014). "Policy beyond politics? Public opinion, party politics and the French pro-nuclear energy policy" (PDF). Journal of Public Policy. 35 (1): 137–170. doi:10.1017/s0143814x14000221. ISSN 0143-814X. S2CID 53414300.
Splichal, S (2015). "Legacy of Elisabeth Noelle-Neumann: The Spiral of Silence and Other Controversies". European Journal of Communication. 30 (3): 353–363. doi:10.1177/0267323115589265. (This paper currently has an expression of concern, see doi:10.1177/0267323115614741, Retraction Watch)

dx.doi.org

Taylor, D. Garth (1982). "Pluralistic Ignorance and the Spiral of Silence: A Formal Analysis". Public Opinion Quarterly. 46 (3): 311. doi:10.1086/268729. ISSN 0033-362X.
Eveland, William P.; Glynn, Carroll J. (2008), "Theories on the Perception of Social Reality", The SAGE Handbook of Public Opinion Research, London: SAGE Publications Ltd, pp. 155–163, doi:10.4135/9781848607910.n15, ISBN 9781412911771, retrieved 2022-02-14
Kerr, Norbert L; MacCoun, Robert J; Hansen, Christine H; Hymes, Janet A (March 1987). "Gaining and losing social support: Momentum in decision-making groups". Journal of Experimental Social Psychology. 23 (2): 119–145. doi:10.1016/0022-1031(87)90028-x. ISSN 0022-1031.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Asch, Solomon E. (1955). "Opinions and Social Pressure". Scientific American. 193 (5): 31–35. Bibcode:1955SciAm.193e..31A. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican1155-31. ISSN 0036-8733. JSTOR 24943779. S2CID 4172915.
Milgram, S (1961). "Nationality and conformity". Scientific American. 205 (6): 45–51. Bibcode:1961SciAm.205f..45M. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican1261-45.

jstor.org

Asch, Solomon E. (1955). "Opinions and Social Pressure". Scientific American. 193 (5): 31–35. Bibcode:1955SciAm.193e..31A. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican1155-31. ISSN 0036-8733. JSTOR 24943779. S2CID 4172915.
Gottman, Gonso & Rasmussen 1975. Gottman, J; Gonso, J; Rasmussen, B (1975), "Social interaction, social competence, and friendship in children", Child Development, 46 (3): 709–718, doi:10.2307/1128569, JSTOR 1128569, PMID 1098878.
Bowker et al. 1998. Bowker, A; Bukowski, W; Zargarpour, S; Hoza, B (1998), "A Structural and Functional Analysis of a Two-Dimensional Model of Social Isolation", Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 44 (4): 447–463, JSTOR 23093748.

loc.gov

lccn.loc.gov

Lippmann, W (1992) [Originally published: New York: Macmillan, 1922]. Public opinion. Transaction Publishers. back cover. ISBN 1-56000-999-3. LCCN 97-28875.

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Gearhart, S; Zhang, Weiwu (16 April 2015). ""Was It Something I Said?" "No, It Was Something You Posted!" A Study of the Spiral of Silence Theory in Social Media Contexts". Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking. 18 (4): 208–213. doi:10.1089/cyber.2014.0443. PMID 25879378.
Shelton, JN (2005). "Intergroup Contact and Pluralistic Ignorance". Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 88 (1): 91–107. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.88.1.91. PMID 15631577. S2CID 16193685.
O'Connor 1969. O'Connor, RD (1969), "Modification of social withdrawal through symbolic modeling", Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 2 (1): 15–22, doi:10.1901/jaba.1969.2-15, PMC 1311030, PMID 16795196.
O'Connor 1972. ——— (1972), "Relative efficacy of modeling, shaping, and the combined procedures for modification of social withdrawal", Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 79 (3): 327–334, doi:10.1037/h0033226, PMID 5033375, S2CID 15753273.
Gottman, Gonso & Rasmussen 1975. Gottman, J; Gonso, J; Rasmussen, B (1975), "Social interaction, social competence, and friendship in children", Child Development, 46 (3): 709–718, doi:10.2307/1128569, JSTOR 1128569, PMID 1098878.
Kraut et al. 1998. Kraut, RE; Patterson, M; Lundmark, V; Kiesler, S; Mukhopadhyay, T; Scherlis, W (1998), "Internet paradox: A social technology that reduces social involvement and psychological well-being?", American Psychologist, 53 (9): 1017–1032, doi:10.1037/0003-066x.53.9.1017, PMID 9841579, S2CID 513632.
Moody 2001. Moody, EJ (2001), "Internet use and its relationship to loneliness", CyberPsychology & Behavior, 4 (3): 393–401, doi:10.1089/109493101300210303, PMID 11710265.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

O'Connor 1969. O'Connor, RD (1969), "Modification of social withdrawal through symbolic modeling", Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 2 (1): 15–22, doi:10.1901/jaba.1969.2-15, PMC 1311030, PMID 16795196.

oup.com

academic.oup.com

Scheufle, DA; Moy, P (1 March 2000). "Twenty-Five Years of the Spiral of Silence: A Conceptual Review and Empirical Outlook". International Journal of Public Opinion Research. 12 (1): 3–28. doi:10.1093/ijpor/12.1.3. ISSN 1471-6909.

retractionwatch.com

Splichal, S (2015). "Legacy of Elisabeth Noelle-Neumann: The Spiral of Silence and Other Controversies". European Journal of Communication. 30 (3): 353–363. doi:10.1177/0267323115589265. (This paper currently has an expression of concern, see doi:10.1177/0267323115614741, Retraction Watch)

sagepub.com

journals.sagepub.com

Lasorsa, Dominic L. (March 1991). "Political Outspokenness: Factors Working against the Spiral of Silence". Journalism Quarterly. 68 (1–2): 131–140. doi:10.1177/107769909106800114. ISSN 0022-5533. S2CID 143673516.
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semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Asch, Solomon E. (1955). "Opinions and Social Pressure". Scientific American. 193 (5): 31–35. Bibcode:1955SciAm.193e..31A. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican1155-31. ISSN 0036-8733. JSTOR 24943779. S2CID 4172915.
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Farjam, Mike; Loxbo, Karl (17 March 2023). "Social conformity or attitude persistence? The bandwagon effect and the spiral of silence in a polarized context". Journal of Elections, Public Opinion and Parties. 34 (3): 531–551. doi:10.1080/17457289.2023.2189730. ISSN 1745-7289. S2CID 257621735.
Ho, SS; Chen, Vivian Hsueh-Hua; Sim, CC (1 April 2013). "The spiral of silence: examining how cultural predispositions, news attention, and opinion congruency relate to opinion expression". Asian Journal of Communication. 23 (2): 113–134. doi:10.1080/01292986.2012.725178. ISSN 0129-2986. S2CID 143815075.
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Ferrara, E (31 July 2017). "Disinformation and social bot operations in the run up to the 2017 French presidential election". First Monday. arXiv:1707.00086. doi:10.5210/fm.v22i8.8005. ISSN 1396-0466. S2CID 9732472.
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Salmon, Charles T.; Neuwirth, Kurt (September 1990). "Perceptions of Opinion "Climates" and Willingness to Discuss the Issue of Abortion". Journalism Quarterly. 67 (3): 567–577. doi:10.1177/107769909006700312. ISSN 0022-5533. S2CID 144378161.
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thecharliekirkshow.com

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ucm.es

revistas.ucm.es

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worldcat.org

search.worldcat.org

Taylor, D. Garth (1982). "Pluralistic Ignorance and the Spiral of Silence: A Formal Analysis". Public Opinion Quarterly. 46 (3): 311. doi:10.1086/268729. ISSN 0033-362X.
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Kushin, Matthew J.; Yamamoto, Masahiro; Dalisay, Francis (April 2019). "Societal Majority, Facebook, and the Spiral of Silence in the 2016 US Presidential Election". Social Media + Society. 5 (2): 205630511985513. doi:10.1177/2056305119855139. ISSN 2056-3051. S2CID 197799190.
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Chaudhry & Gruzd 2019. Chaudhry, I; Gruzd, A (January 2019). "Expressing and Challenging Racist Discourse on Facebook: How Social Media Weaken the "Spiral of Silence" Theory". Policy & Internet. 12 (1): 88–108. doi:10.1002/poi3.197. ISSN 1944-2866. S2CID 149913905.
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Ferrara, E (31 July 2017). "Disinformation and social bot operations in the run up to the 2017 French presidential election". First Monday. arXiv:1707.00086. doi:10.5210/fm.v22i8.8005. ISSN 1396-0466. S2CID 9732472.
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Salmon, Charles T.; Neuwirth, Kurt (September 1990). "Perceptions of Opinion "Climates" and Willingness to Discuss the Issue of Abortion". Journalism Quarterly. 67 (3): 567–577. doi:10.1177/107769909006700312. ISSN 0022-5533. S2CID 144378161.
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Askay, DA (1 December 2015). "Silence in the crowd: The spiral of silence contributing to the positive bias of opinions in an online review system". New Media & Society. 17 (11): 1811–1829. doi:10.1177/1461444814535190. ISSN 1461-4448. S2CID 8935529.
Nekmat & Gonzenbach 2013. Nekmat, E; Gonzenbach, WJ (2013). "Multiple Opinion Climates in Online Forums: Role of Website Source Reference and Within-Forum Opinion Congruency". Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly. 90 (4): 736–756. doi:10.1177/1077699013503162. ISSN 1077-6990. S2CID 144747317.
Gearhart, S; Zhang, W (3 December 2015). "Same Spiral, Different Day? Testing the Spiral of Silence Across Issue Types". Communication Research. 45 (1): 34–54. doi:10.1177/0093650215616456. ISSN 0093-6502. S2CID 14041403.
Brouard, S; Guinaudeau, I (28 August 2014). "Policy beyond politics? Public opinion, party politics and the French pro-nuclear energy policy" (PDF). Journal of Public Policy. 35 (1): 137–170. doi:10.1017/s0143814x14000221. ISSN 0143-814X. S2CID 53414300.