Spreadsheet (English Wikipedia)

Kay, Alan; Goldstein, JL (September 1984). "Computer Software". Scientific American. 251 (3): 52–59. Bibcode:1984SciAm.251c..52K. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0984-52. PMID 6390676. – Value Rule
Sroka, J.; Panasiuk, A.; Stencel, K.; Tyszkiewicz, J. (2015-02-02). "Translating Relational Queries into Spreadsheets". IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering. 27 (8): 1041–4347. arXiv:1305.2103. Bibcode:2015ITKDE..27.2291S. doi:10.1109/TKDE.2015.2397440. S2CID 13415694.

analyticsolutions.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Richard E. Blaustein (November 2009). "Eliminating Spreadsheet Risks". Internal Auditor Magazine. Institute of Internal Auditors (IIA). Archived from the original on 2010-09-05. Retrieved 2010-05-10. unabridged version Archived 2011-01-18 at the Wayback Machine

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

Transactions of the American Hospital Association. Eighth Annual Conference. 1906. p. 148. [...] the expenditures of these institutions are carefully audited by an accounting staff at the Department. A spread sheet showing every item of expenditure is prepared each month so that the superintendent is kept posted, not only on the amounts expended, but is able to see at a glance what the same items are costing in similar institutions in the Province.
N.A.C.A. Bulletin 1933-01-15: Vol 14 Iss 10. Institute of Management Accountants. 1933. p. 762. We maintain, in our general ledger, a so-called Spread Sheet which is a long sheet with the name of each individual plant in a particular column.
"COMPANY HIGHLIGHT: GENERAL ELECTRIC INFORMATION SERVICES COMPANY". INPUT Vendor Analysis Program. INPUT. August 1983. TABOL Database Manager (TDM), an enhancement to the TABOL financial analysis language, was also introduced in August 1982
Brand, Stewart (1989). Whole Earth Software Catalog. Quantum Press/Doubleday. ISBN 978-0-385-23301-9. Some say that half of all IBM PCs, in their hundreds of thousands, are running just 1-2-3. Numbers— clever, quick, knowledgeable— boiling the stupidity out of countless business decisions. Interesting how essential the quickness is. It's 1-2-3's speed that put it on top.
"Do Spreadsheets Mean Micros". Computerworld. December 6, 1982.
Patrick, Kenneth A. (Winter 1983). "Eight Spreadsheets Compared: Charting Products to Eliminate Tedious Calculations". Sextant. No. 4. pp. 40–55. Retrieved January 24, 2026.
Haynes, John L. (Fall 1985). "Circuit Design with Lotus 1-2-3". BYTE. pp. 143–156. Retrieved 19 March 2016.

archives.gov (Global: 319^th place; English: 166^th place)

"Linked Open Data for Spreadsheet Formats". National Archives. 2022-08-10. Retrieved 2023-08-23.

arxiv.org (Global: 49^th place; English: 31^st place)

Sroka, J.; Panasiuk, A.; Stencel, K.; Tyszkiewicz, J. (2015-02-02). "Translating Relational Queries into Spreadsheets". IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering. 27 (8): 1041–4347. arXiv:1305.2103. Bibcode:2015ITKDE..27.2291S. doi:10.1109/TKDE.2015.2397440. S2CID 13415694.

asu.edu (Global: 2,418^th place; English: 1,574^th place)

cactus.eas.asu.edu

"Killer Applications" (overview), Partha gawaargupta. Arizona State University in Tempe, Arizona, May 2002, Web page: ASU-killer-app Archived 2011-09-29 at the Wayback Machine.

bbc.com (Global: 26^th place; English: 23^rd place)

Kelion, Leo (5 October 2020). "Excel: Why using Microsoft's tool caused Covid-19 results to be lost". BBC News. Retrieved 20 April 2021.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

Higgins, Hannah (2009-01-01). The Grid Book. MIT Press. ISBN 978-0-262-51240-4.
Towards a Common Goal School-public Library Cooperation: selected Articles. University of the State of New York. 1968. p. 81.
"'Autotab' Update Extends Former Matrix Size Limits", 28 May 1975, p19, Computerworld
"Package of Features Added to Mark III". Computerworld. IDG Enterprise: 46. 30 August 1982.
Liebowitz, Stan; Margolis, Stephen (2001). "6". In Ellig, Jerome (ed.). Dynamic Competition and Public Policy: Technology, Innovation, and Antitrust Issues. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 171. ISBN 978-0-521-78250-0.
"IBM 3270 Terminals Get Spreadsheet Package". Computerworld. November 22, 1982.
"Advertisement". Computerworld. June 20, 1983.
Stephen Bullen, Rob Bovey & John Green (2009). Professional Excel Development (2nd ed.). Addison-Wesley. ISBN 978-0-321-50879-9.

burns-stat.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Spreadsheet Addiction". burns-stat.com.

casetext.com (Global: 4,809^th place; English: 2,392^nd place)

Refac International, Ltd. v. Lotus Development Corp., 887 F. Supp. 539 (S.D.N.Y. 1995-04-18), archived from the original on December 10, 2023.

chronicle.com (Global: 3,373^rd place; English: 1,898^th place)

"They Said at First That They Hadn't Made a Spreadsheet Error, When They Had'". The Chronicle Of Higher Education. 24 April 2013.

computinghistory.org.uk (Global: low place; English: 8,003^rd place)

"Computing History - Computing History Members".

dartmouth.edu (Global: 2,786^th place; English: 1,776^th place)

mba.tuck.dartmouth.edu

Powell, Stephen G.; Baker, Kenneth R.; Lawson, Barry (July–September 2009). "Errors in Operational spreadsheets" (PDF). Tuck School of Business at Dartmouth College. Retrieved 2022-02-06.
Powell, Stephen G.; Baker, Kenneth R.; Lawson, Barry (2007-12-01). "A Critical Review of the Literature on Spreadsheet Errors". Tuck School of Business at Dartmouth College. Retrieved 2008-04-18.

deloitte.com (Global: 4,876^th place; English: 4,621^st place)

"Spreadsheet Management: Not what you figured" (PDF). deloitte.com. Deloitte. 2009. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 July 2014. Retrieved 24 July 2014.

dictionary.com (Global: 1,672^nd place; English: 1,248^th place)

"spreadsheet". Dictionary.com Unabridged. Random House, Inc. Retrieved 23 June 2016.

digitale-sammlungen.de (Global: 443^rd place; English: 1,820^th place)

Valla, Giorgio (1501). Georgii Vallae Placentini viri clariss. De expetendis, et fugiendis rebus opus. 1. Venice: Manutius. p. 452.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Bradbard, David A.; Alvis, Charles; Morris, Richard (2014-12-01). "Spreadsheet usage by management accountants: An exploratory study". Journal of Accounting Education. 32 (4): 24–30. doi:10.1016/j.jaccedu.2014.09.001. ISSN 0748-5751.
Kay, Alan; Goldstein, JL (September 1984). "Computer Software". Scientific American. 251 (3): 52–59. Bibcode:1984SciAm.251c..52K. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0984-52. PMID 6390676. – Value Rule
Burnett, Margaret; Atwood, J.; Walpole Djang, R.; Reichwein, J.; Gottfried, H.; Yang, S. (March 2001). "Forms/3: A first-order visual language to explore the boundaries of the spreadsheet paradigm". Journal of Functional Programming. 11 (2): 155–206. doi:10.1017/S0956796800003828. S2CID 18730312.
Al-Mutawa, H. A.; Dietrich, J.; Marsland, S.; McCartin, C. (2014). "On the shape of circular dependencies in Java programs". 23rd Australian Software Engineering Conference. IEEE. pp. 48–57. doi:10.1109/ASWEC.2014.15. ISBN 978-1-4799-3149-1. S2CID 17570052.
Sarkar, Advait; Blackwell, Alan; Jamnik, Mateja; Spott, Martin (2014). "Teach and try: A simple interaction technique for exploratory data modelling by end users". 2014 IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages and Human-Centric Computing (VL/HCC). pp. 53–56. doi:10.1109/VLHCC.2014.6883022. ISBN 978-1-4799-4035-6. S2CID 14845341.
Sarkar, A.; Jamnik, M.; Blackwell, A.F.; Spott, M. (2015-10-01). "Interactive visual machine learning in spreadsheets". 2015 IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages and Human-Centric Computing (VL/HCC). pp. 159–163. doi:10.1109/VLHCC.2015.7357211. ISBN 978-1-4673-7457-6. S2CID 17659755.
Sroka, J.; Panasiuk, A.; Stencel, K.; Tyszkiewicz, J. (2015-02-02). "Translating Relational Queries into Spreadsheets". IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering. 27 (8): 1041–4347. arXiv:1305.2103. Bibcode:2015ITKDE..27.2291S. doi:10.1109/TKDE.2015.2397440. S2CID 13415694.

dssresources.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Power, D. J. (30 August 2004). "A Brief History of Spreadsheets". DSSResources.COM (3.6 ed.). Retrieved 25 June 2014.
Power, D.J., A Brief History of Spreadsheets Archived 2021-05-06 at the Wayback Machine, DSSResources.COM, v3.6, 8 August 2004

eusprig.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"European Spreadsheet Risks Interest Group – spreadsheet risk management and solutions conference". eusprig.org. Archived from the original on 2010-04-13. Retrieved 2007-10-03.

exceluser.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Is Excel Budgeting a Mistake? Archived 2010-08-03 at the Wayback Machine
Excel's critics say that Excel is fundamentally unsuited for budgeting, forecasting, and other activities that involve collaboration or consolidation. Are they correct?

findlaw.com (Global: 2,070^th place; English: 1,114^th place)

caselaw.findlaw.com

Refac International, Ltd. v. Lotus Development Corp., 81 F.3d 1576 (Fed. Cir. 1996-04-26).

ft.com (Global: 193^rd place; English: 127^th place)

Financial Times (18 March 2013). "Finance groups lack spreadsheet controls". Financial Times. Archived from the original on 2022-12-10. Retrieved 2025-10-08.

ghostarchive.org (Global: 64^th place; English: 28^th place)

Financial Times (18 March 2013). "Finance groups lack spreadsheet controls". Financial Times. Archived from the original on 2022-12-10. Retrieved 2025-10-08.

hawaii.edu (Global: 1,313^th place; English: 884^th place)

panko.shidler.hawaii.edu

Raymond R. Panko (January 2005). "What We Know About Spreadsheet Errors". Archived from the original on 2010-06-15. Retrieved 2006-09-22.

hex.net (Global: low place; English: low place)

vip.hex.net

"Linux Spreadsheets". hex.net. Archived from the original on 6 August 2002.

informationweek.com (Global: 6,678^th place; English: 4,598^th place)

Charles Babcock, "What's The Greatest Software Ever Written?", Information Week, 11 Aug 2006 Archived 25 June 2017 at the Wayback Machine. Accessed 25 June 2014

it-director.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Philip Howard (2005-04-22). "Managing spreadsheets". IT-Directors.com. Archived from the original on 2006-03-16. Retrieved 2006-06-29.

jstor.org (Global: 23^rd place; English: 15^th place)

Mattessich, Richard (1961). "Budgeting Models and System Simulation". The Accounting Review. 36 (3): 384–397. JSTOR 242869.

lionhrtpub.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Sam Savage (February 2010). "Weighing the Pros and Cons of Decision Technology in Spreadsheets". OR/MS Today. 24 (1). Archived from the original on 2011-03-10. Retrieved 2010-11-13.

lumina.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Max Henrion (2004-07-14). "What's Wrong with Spreadsheets – and How to Fix them with Analytica" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2006-03-28. Retrieved 2010-11-13.

merriam-webster.com (Global: 425^th place; English: 373^rd place)

"spreadsheet". Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary. Retrieved 23 June 2016.

microsoft.com (Global: 263^rd place; English: 259^th place)

research.microsoft.com

Peyton Jones, Simon; Burnett, Margaret; Blackwell, Alan (March 2003). "Improving the world's most popular functional language: user-defined functions in Excel". Archived from the original on 2005-10-16.

download.microsoft.com

"Spreadsheets and Capital Markets" (PDF). June 2009. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-06-04. Retrieved 2009-08-13.

nih.gov (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Kay, Alan; Goldstein, JL (September 1984). "Computer Software". Scientific American. 251 (3): 52–59. Bibcode:1984SciAm.251c..52K. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0984-52. PMID 6390676. – Value Rule

nytimes.com (Global: 7^th place; English: 7^th place)

nytimes.com

Lewis, Peter H. (1988-03-13). "The Executive computer; Lotus 1-2-3 Faces Up to the Upstarts". NYTimes.com. The New York Times Company. Retrieved 2012-10-14. Release 3.0 is being written in the computer language known as C, to provide easy transportability among PCs, Macs and mainframes.
Jonathan Glater (30 October 2003). "Fannie Mae Corrects Mistakes In Results". The New York Times. Retrieved 12 June 2012.

query.nytimes.com

"THE EXECUTIVE COMPUTER – Lotus 1-2-3 Faces Up to the Upstarts – NYTimes.com". The New York Times. 13 March 1988.

office.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

support.office.com

"Excel specifications and limits – Excel – Microsoft Office". Office.microsoft.com. Retrieved 2018-11-06.

pcworld.com (Global: 1,889^th place; English: 1,323^rd place)

"PC World– Three Minutes: Godfathers of the Spreadsheet". Archived from the original on 2008-07-26. Retrieved 2008-02-22.

renepardo.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Rene Pardo – Personal Web Page". renepardo.com.
"The World's First Electronic Spreadsheet" (PDF). Rene Pardo. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-08-21. Retrieved 2007-11-03.

sciencedirect.com (Global: 137^th place; English: 146^th place)

Bradbard, David A.; Alvis, Charles; Morris, Richard (2014-12-01). "Spreadsheet usage by management accountants: An exploratory study". Journal of Accounting Education. 32 (4): 24–30. doi:10.1016/j.jaccedu.2014.09.001. ISSN 0748-5751.

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

Burnett, Margaret; Atwood, J.; Walpole Djang, R.; Reichwein, J.; Gottfried, H.; Yang, S. (March 2001). "Forms/3: A first-order visual language to explore the boundaries of the spreadsheet paradigm". Journal of Functional Programming. 11 (2): 155–206. doi:10.1017/S0956796800003828. S2CID 18730312.
Al-Mutawa, H. A.; Dietrich, J.; Marsland, S.; McCartin, C. (2014). "On the shape of circular dependencies in Java programs". 23rd Australian Software Engineering Conference. IEEE. pp. 48–57. doi:10.1109/ASWEC.2014.15. ISBN 978-1-4799-3149-1. S2CID 17570052.
Sarkar, Advait; Blackwell, Alan; Jamnik, Mateja; Spott, Martin (2014). "Teach and try: A simple interaction technique for exploratory data modelling by end users". 2014 IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages and Human-Centric Computing (VL/HCC). pp. 53–56. doi:10.1109/VLHCC.2014.6883022. ISBN 978-1-4799-4035-6. S2CID 14845341.
Sarkar, A.; Jamnik, M.; Blackwell, A.F.; Spott, M. (2015-10-01). "Interactive visual machine learning in spreadsheets". 2015 IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages and Human-Centric Computing (VL/HCC). pp. 159–163. doi:10.1109/VLHCC.2015.7357211. ISBN 978-1-4673-7457-6. S2CID 17659755.
Sroka, J.; Panasiuk, A.; Stencel, K.; Tyszkiewicz, J. (2015-02-02). "Translating Relational Queries into Spreadsheets". IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering. 27 (8): 1041–4347. arXiv:1305.2103. Bibcode:2015ITKDE..27.2291S. doi:10.1109/TKDE.2015.2397440. S2CID 13415694.

simson.net (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Improv and PowerStep". Archived from the original on 2002-06-06. Retrieved 2010-08-20.

techcrunch.com (Global: 317^th place; English: 224^th place)

Arrington, Michael (11 Oct 2006). "Google "Docs & Spreadsheets" Launches". TechCrunch. Retrieved 8 July 2023.

techtarget.com (Global: 3,908^th place; English: 3,051^st place)

whatis.techtarget.com

"spreadsheet". WhatIs.com. TechTarget. Retrieved 23 June 2016.

theguardian.com (Global: 16^th place; English: 11^th place)

The Guardian (4 April 2013). "Spreadsheet risk and the threat of cyber attacks in finance". TheGuardian.com.

theiia.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Richard E. Blaustein (November 2009). "Eliminating Spreadsheet Risks". Internal Auditor Magazine. Institute of Internal Auditors (IIA). Archived from the original on 2010-09-05. Retrieved 2010-05-10. unabridged version Archived 2011-01-18 at the Wayback Machine

ubc.ca (Global: 1,820^th place; English: 998^th place)

personal.math.ubc.ca

"Plimpton 322". personal.math.ubc.ca. Retrieved 2023-05-20.

uiowa.edu (Global: 2,935^th place; English: 1,725^th place)

cs.uiowa.edu

http://www.cs.uiowa.edu/~jcryer/JSMTalk2001.pdf Archived 2009-01-26 at the Wayback Machine Problems With Using Microsoft Excel for Statistics

uni-klu.ac.at (Global: low place; English: low place)

wwwg.uni-klu.ac.at

Douglas Butler, "Why are spreadsheets so unfriendly?", The Fifth International Conference on Technology in Mathematics Teaching, August 2001 Archived 2022-01-28 at the Wayback Machine. Accessed 25 June 2014

upenn.edu (Global: 784^th place; English: 498^th place)

knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu

"Rivals Set Their Sights on Microsoft Office: Can They Topple the Giant? –Knowledge@Wharton". Wharton, University of Pennsylvania. Retrieved 2010-08-20.

utdallas.edu (Global: low place; English: 7,732^nd place)

"spreadsheet analysis from winners, losers, and Microsoft". Utdallas.edu. Archived from the original on 2010-07-23. Retrieved 2010-08-20.
"A". Utdallas.edu. Archived from the original on 2010-08-05. Retrieved 2010-08-20.

uxmatters.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Peter Hornsby. "Empowering Users to Create Their Software".

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

Charles Babcock, "What's The Greatest Software Ever Written?", Information Week, 11 Aug 2006 Archived 25 June 2017 at the Wayback Machine. Accessed 25 June 2014
"spreadsheet analysis from winners, losers, and Microsoft". Utdallas.edu. Archived from the original on 2010-07-23. Retrieved 2010-08-20.
"A". Utdallas.edu. Archived from the original on 2010-08-05. Retrieved 2010-08-20.
Refac International, Ltd. v. Lotus Development Corp., 887 F. Supp. 539 (S.D.N.Y. 1995-04-18), archived from the original on December 10, 2023.
"The World's First Electronic Spreadsheet" (PDF). Rene Pardo. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-08-21. Retrieved 2007-11-03.
"PC World– Three Minutes: Godfathers of the Spreadsheet". Archived from the original on 2008-07-26. Retrieved 2008-02-22.
Power, D.J., A Brief History of Spreadsheets Archived 2021-05-06 at the Wayback Machine, DSSResources.COM, v3.6, 8 August 2004
"Killer Applications" (overview), Partha gawaargupta. Arizona State University in Tempe, Arizona, May 2002, Web page: ASU-killer-app Archived 2011-09-29 at the Wayback Machine.
"Improv and PowerStep". Archived from the original on 2002-06-06. Retrieved 2010-08-20.
"Linux Spreadsheets". hex.net. Archived from the original on 6 August 2002.
Peyton Jones, Simon; Burnett, Margaret; Blackwell, Alan (March 2003). "Improving the world's most popular functional language: user-defined functions in Excel". Archived from the original on 2005-10-16.
Douglas Butler, "Why are spreadsheets so unfriendly?", The Fifth International Conference on Technology in Mathematics Teaching, August 2001 Archived 2022-01-28 at the Wayback Machine. Accessed 25 June 2014
Richard E. Blaustein (November 2009). "Eliminating Spreadsheet Risks". Internal Auditor Magazine. Institute of Internal Auditors (IIA). Archived from the original on 2010-09-05. Retrieved 2010-05-10. unabridged version Archived 2011-01-18 at the Wayback Machine
Max Henrion (2004-07-14). "What's Wrong with Spreadsheets – and How to Fix them with Analytica" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2006-03-28. Retrieved 2010-11-13.
Sam Savage (February 2010). "Weighing the Pros and Cons of Decision Technology in Spreadsheets". OR/MS Today. 24 (1). Archived from the original on 2011-03-10. Retrieved 2010-11-13.
Philip Howard (2005-04-22). "Managing spreadsheets". IT-Directors.com. Archived from the original on 2006-03-16. Retrieved 2006-06-29.
Raymond R. Panko (January 2005). "What We Know About Spreadsheet Errors". Archived from the original on 2010-06-15. Retrieved 2006-09-22.
Is Excel Budgeting a Mistake? Archived 2010-08-03 at the Wayback Machine
Excel's critics say that Excel is fundamentally unsuited for budgeting, forecasting, and other activities that involve collaboration or consolidation. Are they correct?
http://www.cs.uiowa.edu/~jcryer/JSMTalk2001.pdf Archived 2009-01-26 at the Wayback Machine Problems With Using Microsoft Excel for Statistics
"Spreadsheet Management: Not what you figured" (PDF). deloitte.com. Deloitte. 2009. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 July 2014. Retrieved 24 July 2014.
"Excel spreadsheets in School budgeting – a cautionary tale (2001)". AccountingWEB. Archived from the original on 2007-10-07. Retrieved 2007-12-18.
"European Spreadsheet Risks Interest Group – spreadsheet risk management and solutions conference". eusprig.org. Archived from the original on 2010-04-13. Retrieved 2007-10-03.
"Spreadsheets and Capital Markets" (PDF). June 2009. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-06-04. Retrieved 2009-08-13.

worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

search.worldcat.org

Bradbard, David A.; Alvis, Charles; Morris, Richard (2014-12-01). "Spreadsheet usage by management accountants: An exploratory study". Journal of Accounting Education. 32 (4): 24–30. doi:10.1016/j.jaccedu.2014.09.001. ISSN 0748-5751.

xlsoffice.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"REPT function: Description, Usage, Syntax, Examples and Explanation October 26, 2021 - Excel Office". 25 February 2019.

zdnet.com (Global: 1,235^th place; English: 855^th place)

Vaughan-Nichols, Steven J. (15 May 2013). "Goodbye, Lotus 1-2-3". ZDNet. CBS Interactive. Retrieved 24 July 2014.

Spreadsheet (English Wikipedia)

accessanalytic.com.au (Global: low place; English: low place)

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acm.org (Global: 1,200th place; English: 821st place)

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arxiv.org (Global: 49th place; English: 31st place)

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casetext.com (Global: 4,809th place; English: 2,392nd place)

chronicle.com (Global: 3,373rd place; English: 1,898th place)

computinghistory.org.uk (Global: low place; English: 8,003rd place)

dartmouth.edu (Global: 2,786th place; English: 1,776th place)

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deloitte.com (Global: 4,876th place; English: 4,621st place)

dictionary.com (Global: 1,672nd place; English: 1,248th place)

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microsoft.com (Global: 263rd place; English: 259th place)

research.microsoft.com

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nytimes.com

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pcworld.com (Global: 1,889th place; English: 1,323rd place)

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acm.org (Global: 1,200^th place; English: 821^st place)

adsabs.harvard.edu (Global: 14^th place; English: 9^th place)

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

archives.gov (Global: 319^th place; English: 166^th place)

arxiv.org (Global: 49^th place; English: 31^st place)

asu.edu (Global: 2,418^th place; English: 1,574^th place)

bbc.com (Global: 26^th place; English: 23^rd place)

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

casetext.com (Global: 4,809^th place; English: 2,392^nd place)

chronicle.com (Global: 3,373^rd place; English: 1,898^th place)

computinghistory.org.uk (Global: low place; English: 8,003^rd place)

dartmouth.edu (Global: 2,786^th place; English: 1,776^th place)

deloitte.com (Global: 4,876^th place; English: 4,621^st place)

dictionary.com (Global: 1,672^nd place; English: 1,248^th place)

digitale-sammlungen.de (Global: 443^rd place; English: 1,820^th place)

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

findlaw.com (Global: 2,070^th place; English: 1,114^th place)

ft.com (Global: 193^rd place; English: 127^th place)

ghostarchive.org (Global: 64^th place; English: 28^th place)

hawaii.edu (Global: 1,313^th place; English: 884^th place)

informationweek.com (Global: 6,678^th place; English: 4,598^th place)

jstor.org (Global: 23^rd place; English: 15^th place)

merriam-webster.com (Global: 425^th place; English: 373^rd place)

microsoft.com (Global: 263^rd place; English: 259^th place)

nih.gov (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

nytimes.com (Global: 7^th place; English: 7^th place)

pcworld.com (Global: 1,889^th place; English: 1,323^rd place)

sciencedirect.com (Global: 137^th place; English: 146^th place)

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)

techcrunch.com (Global: 317^th place; English: 224^th place)

techtarget.com (Global: 3,908^th place; English: 3,051^st place)

theguardian.com (Global: 16^th place; English: 11^th place)

ubc.ca (Global: 1,820^th place; English: 998^th place)

uiowa.edu (Global: 2,935^th place; English: 1,725^th place)

upenn.edu (Global: 784^th place; English: 498^th place)

utdallas.edu (Global: low place; English: 7,732^nd place)

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

zdnet.com (Global: 1,235^th place; English: 855^th place)