St Andrews (English Wikipedia)

Taylor & Márkus 2009, p. 405. Taylor, Simon; Márkus, Gilbert (2009). The Place-Names of Fife. Vol. 3. Donington: Shaun Tyas. ISBN 978-1-900289-97-9.
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Taylor & Márkus 2009, pp. 524–526. Taylor, Simon; Márkus, Gilbert (2009). The Place-Names of Fife. Vol. 3. Donington: Shaun Tyas. ISBN 978-1-900289-97-9.
James, Grierson (1838). Saint Andrews as it was and as it is (3 ed.). Cupar: Printed by G.S. Tullis. Retrieved 30 July 2019.

bbc.co.uk (Global: 11^th place; English: 10^th place)

"Holyrood 2016: Liberal Democrat leader Willie Rennie takes seat from SNP". BBC News. Retrieved 6 September 2016.
"Scotland's most expensive street now at home of golf". BBC. 23 December 2016. Retrieved 23 December 2016.
"Chariots of Fire legacy keeps on running in St Andrews". BBC News site. 31 May 2012. Retrieved 20 May 2013.

bidstandrews.co.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

"The St Andrews Economy, Tourism and Businesses" (PDF). BID St Andrews. Retrieved 20 September 2020.^{[dead link]}

britishbeaches.info (Global: low place; English: low place)

"St. Andrews West Sands - Fife, Scotland". britishbeaches.uk. Retrieved 20 May 2013.

britishpapers.co.uk (Global: low place; English: 9,825^th place)

"St Andrews Citizen". British Papers. 5 February 2014. Retrieved 11 October 2023.

buildingsatrisk.org.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Buildings at Risk Register, Law Mill". Retrieved 16 May 2014.

citypopulation.de (Global: 99^th place; English: 341^st place)

"City Population: St Andrews". www.citypopulation.de. Retrieved 1 August 2026.

climate-uk.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"July 2006 temperature". Retrieved 22 March 2011.
"Climate-UK.com's Review of the British Meteorological Scene - Monthly Summary for December 2010". climate-uk.com. Retrieved 22 March 2011.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Butler, Richard (2019). "Contributions of tourism to destination sustainability: golf tourism in St Andrews, Scotland" (PDF). Tourism Review. 74 (2): 235–245. doi:10.1108/TR-12-2017-0197.

dropbox.com (Global: 858^th place; English: 453^rd place)

Rangelov, Vladimir (May 2012). "StaRLink St Andrews Rail Link High Level Report" (PDF). Tata Steel. Archived (PDF) from the original on 14 August 2020. Retrieved 14 August 2020.

dsl.ac.uk (Global: low place; English: 5,906^th place)

"Dictionary of the Scots Language :: SND :: Brae n.1". www.dsl.ac.uk. Retrieved 14 March 2017.

fife.gov.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Fife.gov". Retrieved 20 May 2013.

fifedirect.org.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

"list of primary schools in Fife". Fife Council. Archived from the original on 20 February 2012. Retrieved 5 March 2010.
"Cannongate Primary School". Fife Council. Retrieved 8 March 2010.
"Lawhead Primary School". Fife Council. Retrieved 8 March 2010.
"Madras College info, fifedirect". Fife Council. Retrieved 21 February 2009.

fifetoday.co.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

Ferrier, Maureen (4 December 2015). "St Andrews twinning pact signed in saint's celebrations". fifetoday.co.uk. Archived from the original on 8 December 2015.

ghostarchive.org (Global: 64^th place; English: 28^th place)

Archived at Ghostarchive and the Wayback Machine: "Youtube – Chariots of Fire opening scene". YouTube. 30 August 2009. Retrieved 20 May 2013.
Archived at Ghostarchive and the Wayback Machine: "You Tube – Rowan Atkinson Sequence – Opening Ceremony – London 2012 Olympic Games". YouTube. 27 July 2012. Retrieved 20 May 2013.

gov.uk (Global: 401^st place; English: 228^th place)

"The St Andrews Agreement, October 2006". UK Government. Retrieved 13 August 2026.

gro-scotland.gov.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Mid-2008 Population Estimates – Localities in order of size". General Register Office for Scotland. 2008. Archived from the original on 2 July 2010. Retrieved 8 September 2010.

highspeeddirt.co.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

"High Speed Dirt – West Sands St Andrews". Archived from the original on 24 October 2012. Retrieved 20 May 2013.

keepscotlandbeautiful.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

coastal.keepscotlandbeautiful.org

"Scotland's Beach Awards". keepscotlandbeautiful.org. Retrieved 20 May 2013.
West Sands Beach in St Andrews, Scotland, Keep Scotland Beautiful
"Beach Awards – Keep Scotland Beautiful". coastal.keepscotlandbeautiful.org.

knmi.nl (Global: 7,530^th place; English: 7,082^nd place)

eca.knmi.nl

"1971-00 average annual warmest day". Retrieved 22 March 2011.
">25c days". Retrieved 22 March 2011.
"Feb 1972 minimum". Retrieved 22 March 2011.
"Climatology details for station Leuchars, United Kingdom and index TNn: Minimum value of daily minimum temperature". eca.knmi.nl. Retrieved 22 March 2011.

ladebraes.net (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Lade Braes". Retrieved 16 May 2014.
"History of the Lade Braes". Retrieved 2 June 2014.

metoffice.gov.uk (Global: 3,449^th place; English: 2,287^th place)

"Climate Normals". Met Office. Retrieved 11 August 2025.

metro.co.uk (Global: 534^th place; English: 334^th place)

"Olympic Torch relay gets Chariots of Fire treatment on West Sands beach". Metro. 13 June 2012. Retrieved 20 May 2013.

mirror.co.uk (Global: 440^th place; English: 288^th place)

"Chariots of Fire beach scene re-enacted on Olympic Torch relay". The Mirror. 13 June 2012. Retrieved 20 May 2013.

moffat-williamson.co.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Moffat & Williamson | Service 77, 77A, M77 Timetable". www.moffat-williamson.co.uk. Retrieved 23 April 2025.
"Moffat & Williamson | Service 9B Timetable". www.moffat-williamson.co.uk. Retrieved 23 April 2025.
"Moffat & Williamson | Service 64 Mon-Sat Timetable". www.moffat-williamson.co.uk. Retrieved 23 April 2025.
"Moffat & Williamson | Buses". moffat-williamson.co.uk. Retrieved 23 April 2025.

niassembly.gov.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

education.niassembly.gov.uk

"The St Andrews Agreement (2006) and St Andrews Agreement Act (2007)". Northern Ireland Assembly. Retrieved 13 August 2026.

nls.uk (Global: 3,008^th place; English: 1,477^th place)

movingimage.nls.uk

"Full record for 'Bobby Jones Receives Freedom of St. Andrews ' (0311) - Moving Image Archive catalogue". movingimage.nls.uk. 1958. Retrieved 23 May 2021.

nrscotland.gov.uk (Global: 7,409^th place; English: 4,141^st place)

"Population estimates for settlements and localities in Scotland: mid-2020". National Records of Scotland. 31 March 2022. Retrieved 31 March 2022.

nuk-tnl-editorial-prod-staticassets.s3.amazonaws.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Good University Guide 2022". The Times. Retrieved 14 October 2021.

parliament.scot (Global: 8,591^st place; English: 5,421^st place)

"Willie Rennie MSP". Scottish Parliament. Retrieved 6 September 2016.

perrygolf.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Future Venues for The Open | British Golf The Open Championship Packages | British Isles Golf Cruise Vacation Tours | PerryGolf". Golf vacations and golf cruises to world's most memorable destinations with PerryGolf. Retrieved 1 June 2021.

reuters.com (Global: 38^th place; English: 30^th place)

"The Open set for record attendance at St Andrews". Reuters. 26 April 2022. Retrieved 13 August 2026.

roostweather.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Monthly Temperature Extremes". Roost Weather. Retrieved 11 August 2025.

rps.ac.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Edward I's Parliaments in Scotland: Translation, 1304, 9 March, St Andrews, Parliament". Records of the Parliament of Scotland. Retrieved 4 July 2021.

scotlandoffice.gov.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Reserved and devolved matters". Scotland Office. Archived from the original on 21 October 2008. Retrieved 6 January 2010.

scrol.gov.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Comparative Populartion: St Andrews Locality Scotland". scrol.co.uk. 2001. Archived from the original on 23 February 2012. Retrieved 1 March 2009.
"Comparative Population Profile: Fife Council Area Scotland". scrol.gov.uk. 2001. Archived from the original on 23 August 2009. Retrieved 1 March 2009.
"Comparative Employment Profile: St Andrews Locality Scotland". scrol.gov.uk. 2001. Archived from the original on 23 February 2012. Retrieved 1 March 2009.
"Comparative Employment Profile: Fife Locality Scotland". scrol.gov.uk. 2001. Archived from the original on 23 August 2009. Retrieved 1 March 2009.

st-andrews.ac.uk (Global: 1,053^rd place; English: 1,274^th place)

st-andrews.ac.uk

"History | University of St Andrews". www.st-andrews.ac.uk. Retrieved 11 June 2016.
"A brief history of the University". University of St Andrews. Retrieved 13 August 2026.
"Cost of living - University of St Andrews". www.st-andrews.ac.uk. Retrieved 6 May 2025.
"University bus travel discount - University of St Andrews (Requires university login)". www.st-andrews.ac.uk. Retrieved 6 May 2025.
"University night bus timetables - University of St Andrews". www.st-andrews.ac.uk. Retrieved 6 May 2025.

news.st-andrews.ac.uk

"Hillary Rodham Clinton to address academic leaders in St Andrews". University of St Andrews. 27 August 2013. Retrieved 13 August 2026.
"Permanent tribute to Benjamin Franklin". news.st-andrews.ac.uk. 29 October 2002. Retrieved 23 May 2021.

stagecoachbus.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"42A Bus Route & Timetable: Dundee city centre - Glenrothes or St Andrews | Stagecoach". www.stagecoachbus.com. Retrieved 22 April 2025.
"99 Bus Route & Timetable: St Andrews bus station - Dundee City Centre | Stagecoach". www.stagecoachbus.com. Retrieved 22 April 2025.
"Fife Buses - Tickets, Timetables & Routes | Stagecoach". www.stagecoachbus.com. Retrieved 23 April 2025.
"JET 747 Edinburgh Airport Bus Timetable | Stagecoach". www.stagecoachbus.com. Retrieved 23 April 2025.

standrewsaquarium.co.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

"St Andrews Aquarium". www.standrewsaquarium.co.uk. Retrieved 16 April 2018.

standrewsbotanic.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"St Andrews Botanic Garden | Home". St Andrews Botanic Garden. Retrieved 15 April 2018.

standrewscc.net (Global: low place; English: low place)

"The Royal Burgh of St Andrews Community Council Website". www.standrewscc.net. Archived from the original on 17 January 2012. Retrieved 29 November 2006.

standrewsradio.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"St Andrews Radio". Retrieved 12 October 2023.

starlink-campaign.org.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

"StARLink". StARLink. Retrieved 6 May 2025.

strath.ac.uk (Global: low place; English: 6,381^st place)

strathprints.strath.ac.uk

Butler, Richard (2019). "Contributions of tourism to destination sustainability: golf tourism in St Andrews, Scotland" (PDF). Tourism Review. 74 (2): 235–245. doi:10.1108/TR-12-2017-0197.

thecourier.co.uk (Global: 4,475^th place; English: 2,222^nd place)

Craig Smith (17 August 2020). "Closing date put on sale of Madras College's Kilrymont site in St Andrews". The Courier UK. Retrieved 19 September 2020.
Scott, Steve (11 July 2022). "The magic of St Andrews and the Old Course will always endure, believes Jack Nicklaus". The Courier Evening Telegraph. Retrieved 12 July 2022.

theguardian.com (Global: 16^th place; English: 11^th place)

Major, Lee Elliot (26 January 2001). "Prince William effect boosts applications to St Andrews". The Guardian. Retrieved 13 August 2026.
Summerskill, Ben (23 September 2001). "Welcome to Will's new world". The Guardian. Retrieved 13 August 2026.

thesaint.scot (Global: low place; English: low place)

"The Saint". Retrieved 12 October 2023.

thesaintnewspaper.co.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Ease On Down The Road — The Saint". www.thesaintnewspaper.co.uk. Archived from the original on 16 June 2026. Retrieved 16 June 2026.

thesinner.net (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Lade Braes Walk – The Sinner's Guide to St Andrews". Archived from the original on 17 May 2014. Retrieved 16 May 2014.

thestand-online.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"The Stand". Retrieved 12 October 2023.

thetimes.com (Global: 221^st place; English: 110^th place)

McCall, Alastair (18 September 2021). "St Andrews knocks Oxbridge off top spot as best British university". The Times. Retrieved 14 October 2021.

tiscon-maps-stagecoachbus.s3.amazonaws.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"90/91 Bus Route & Timetable: St Andrews bus station - Bogward | Stagecoach" (PDF). www.stagecoachbus.com. Retrieved 23 April 2025.
"95 Bus Route & Timetable: Anstruther harbour - Leven bus station | Stagecoach" (PDF). www.stagecoachbus.com. Retrieved 23 April 2025.
"JET 787 Edinburgh Airport Bus Timetable | Stagecoach" (PDF).

tripadvisor.co.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

"St Andrews West Sands Beach". tripadvisor.co.uk. Retrieved 20 May 2013.

trove.scot (Global: 2,830^th place; English: 1,296^th place)

Historic Environment Scotland. "St Andrews, West Port (SM90263)". Retrieved 21 March 2019.
Historic Environment Scotland. "Holy Trinity Church (Town Kirk), South Street (Category A Listed Building LB40633)". Retrieved 21 March 2019.
Historic Environment Scotland. "St Andrews Cathedral and Priory and adjacent ecclesiastical remains (SM13322)". Retrieved 21 March 2019.
Historic Environment Scotland. "St Andrews Castle (SM90259)". Retrieved 21 March 2019.
Historic Environment Scotland. "St Andrews, South Street, Blackfriars' Chapel (Site no. NO51NW 5)". Retrieved 19 June 2025.
Historic Environment Scotland. "St Andrews, St Nicholas Farm (Site no. NO51NW 28)". Retrieved 19 June 2025.

ukfree.tv (Global: low place; English: 4,631^st place)

"Full Freeview on the Angus (Dundee City, Scotland) transmitter". 1 May 2004. Retrieved 12 October 2023.
"Full Freeview on the Durris (Aberdeenshire, Scotland) transmitter". 1 May 2004. Retrieved 12 October 2023.

visitscotland.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"St Andrews Museum, St Andrews – Museums". Visit Scotland. Retrieved 15 April 2018.

vogue.co.uk (Global: 1,532^nd place; English: 1,006^th place)

Taylor, Elise (26 August 2022). "A Nostalgic Look At The Prince & Princess Of Wales's University Days". British Vogue. Retrieved 13 August 2026.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

"Ease On Down The Road — The Saint". www.thesaintnewspaper.co.uk. Archived from the original on 16 June 2026. Retrieved 16 June 2026.
"The Royal Burgh of St Andrews Community Council Website". www.standrewscc.net. Archived from the original on 17 January 2012. Retrieved 29 November 2006.
"Reserved and devolved matters". Scotland Office. Archived from the original on 21 October 2008. Retrieved 6 January 2010.
"Comparative Populartion: St Andrews Locality Scotland". scrol.co.uk. 2001. Archived from the original on 23 February 2012. Retrieved 1 March 2009.
"Comparative Population Profile: Fife Council Area Scotland". scrol.gov.uk. 2001. Archived from the original on 23 August 2009. Retrieved 1 March 2009.
"Comparative Employment Profile: St Andrews Locality Scotland". scrol.gov.uk. 2001. Archived from the original on 23 February 2012. Retrieved 1 March 2009.
"Comparative Employment Profile: Fife Locality Scotland". scrol.gov.uk. 2001. Archived from the original on 23 August 2009. Retrieved 1 March 2009.
"Mid-2008 Population Estimates – Localities in order of size". General Register Office for Scotland. 2008. Archived from the original on 2 July 2010. Retrieved 8 September 2010.
Rangelov, Vladimir (May 2012). "StaRLink St Andrews Rail Link High Level Report" (PDF). Tata Steel. Archived (PDF) from the original on 14 August 2020. Retrieved 14 August 2020.
"list of primary schools in Fife". Fife Council. Archived from the original on 20 February 2012. Retrieved 5 March 2010.
Archived at Ghostarchive and the Wayback Machine: "Youtube – Chariots of Fire opening scene". YouTube. 30 August 2009. Retrieved 20 May 2013.
"High Speed Dirt – West Sands St Andrews". Archived from the original on 24 October 2012. Retrieved 20 May 2013.
Archived at Ghostarchive and the Wayback Machine: "You Tube – Rowan Atkinson Sequence – Opening Ceremony – London 2012 Olympic Games". YouTube. 27 July 2012. Retrieved 20 May 2013.
"Lade Braes Walk – The Sinner's Guide to St Andrews". Archived from the original on 17 May 2014. Retrieved 16 May 2014.
Ferrier, Maureen (4 December 2015). "St Andrews twinning pact signed in saint's celebrations". fifetoday.co.uk. Archived from the original on 8 December 2015.

whostheumpire.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

secure.whostheumpire.com

"Matches: Fixtures, Results, Tables". Scottish Hockey. Retrieved 14 August 2025.

youtube.com (Global: 13^th place; English: 14^th place)

Archived at Ghostarchive and the Wayback Machine: "Youtube – Chariots of Fire opening scene". YouTube. 30 August 2009. Retrieved 20 May 2013.
Archived at Ghostarchive and the Wayback Machine: "You Tube – Rowan Atkinson Sequence – Opening Ceremony – London 2012 Olympic Games". YouTube. 27 July 2012. Retrieved 20 May 2013.

St Andrews (English Wikipedia)

ainmean-aite.scot (Global: low place; English: low place)

archive.org (Global: 6th place; English: 6th place)

bbc.co.uk (Global: 11th place; English: 10th place)

bidstandrews.co.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

britishbeaches.info (Global: low place; English: low place)

britishpapers.co.uk (Global: low place; English: 9,825th place)

buildingsatrisk.org.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

citypopulation.de (Global: 99th place; English: 341st place)

climate-uk.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

doi.org (Global: 2nd place; English: 2nd place)

dropbox.com (Global: 858th place; English: 453rd place)

dsl.ac.uk (Global: low place; English: 5,906th place)

fife.gov.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

fifedirect.org.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

fifetoday.co.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

ghostarchive.org (Global: 64th place; English: 28th place)

gov.uk (Global: 401st place; English: 228th place)

gro-scotland.gov.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

highspeeddirt.co.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

keepscotlandbeautiful.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

coastal.keepscotlandbeautiful.org

knmi.nl (Global: 7,530th place; English: 7,082nd place)

eca.knmi.nl

ladebraes.net (Global: low place; English: low place)

metoffice.gov.uk (Global: 3,449th place; English: 2,287th place)

metro.co.uk (Global: 534th place; English: 334th place)

mirror.co.uk (Global: 440th place; English: 288th place)

moffat-williamson.co.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

niassembly.gov.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

education.niassembly.gov.uk

nls.uk (Global: 3,008th place; English: 1,477th place)

movingimage.nls.uk

nrscotland.gov.uk (Global: 7,409th place; English: 4,141st place)

nuk-tnl-editorial-prod-staticassets.s3.amazonaws.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

parliament.scot (Global: 8,591st place; English: 5,421st place)

perrygolf.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

reuters.com (Global: 38th place; English: 30th place)

roostweather.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

rps.ac.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

scotlandoffice.gov.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

scrol.gov.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

st-andrews.ac.uk (Global: 1,053rd place; English: 1,274th place)

st-andrews.ac.uk

news.st-andrews.ac.uk

stagecoachbus.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

standrewsaquarium.co.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

standrewsbotanic.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

standrewscc.net (Global: low place; English: low place)

standrewsradio.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

starlink-campaign.org.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

strath.ac.uk (Global: low place; English: 6,381st place)

strathprints.strath.ac.uk

thecourier.co.uk (Global: 4,475th place; English: 2,222nd place)

theguardian.com (Global: 16th place; English: 11th place)

thesaint.scot (Global: low place; English: low place)

thesaintnewspaper.co.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

thesinner.net (Global: low place; English: low place)

thestand-online.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

thetimes.com (Global: 221st place; English: 110th place)

tiscon-maps-stagecoachbus.s3.amazonaws.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

tripadvisor.co.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

trove.scot (Global: 2,830th place; English: 1,296th place)

ukfree.tv (Global: low place; English: 4,631st place)

visitscotland.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

vogue.co.uk (Global: 1,532nd place; English: 1,006th place)

web.archive.org (Global: 1st place; English: 1st place)

whostheumpire.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

secure.whostheumpire.com

youtube.com (Global: 13th place; English: 14th place)

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

bbc.co.uk (Global: 11^th place; English: 10^th place)

britishpapers.co.uk (Global: low place; English: 9,825^th place)

citypopulation.de (Global: 99^th place; English: 341^st place)

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

dropbox.com (Global: 858^th place; English: 453^rd place)

dsl.ac.uk (Global: low place; English: 5,906^th place)

ghostarchive.org (Global: 64^th place; English: 28^th place)

gov.uk (Global: 401^st place; English: 228^th place)

knmi.nl (Global: 7,530^th place; English: 7,082^nd place)

metoffice.gov.uk (Global: 3,449^th place; English: 2,287^th place)

metro.co.uk (Global: 534^th place; English: 334^th place)

mirror.co.uk (Global: 440^th place; English: 288^th place)

nls.uk (Global: 3,008^th place; English: 1,477^th place)

nrscotland.gov.uk (Global: 7,409^th place; English: 4,141^st place)

parliament.scot (Global: 8,591^st place; English: 5,421^st place)

reuters.com (Global: 38^th place; English: 30^th place)

st-andrews.ac.uk (Global: 1,053^rd place; English: 1,274^th place)

strath.ac.uk (Global: low place; English: 6,381^st place)

thecourier.co.uk (Global: 4,475^th place; English: 2,222^nd place)

theguardian.com (Global: 16^th place; English: 11^th place)

thetimes.com (Global: 221^st place; English: 110^th place)

trove.scot (Global: 2,830^th place; English: 1,296^th place)

ukfree.tv (Global: low place; English: 4,631^st place)

vogue.co.uk (Global: 1,532^nd place; English: 1,006^th place)

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

youtube.com (Global: 13^th place; English: 14^th place)