References analysis of the Wikipedia article "State formation" in the English version

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Barkey & Parikh 1991, p. 523. Barkey, Karen; Parikh, Sunita (August 1991). "Comparative Perspectives on the State". Annual Review of Sociology. 17 (1): 523–549. doi:10.1146/annurev.soc.17.1.523.

Scheidel, Walter (2013). "Studying the State". The Oxford Handbook of the State in the Ancient Near East and Mediterranean. pp. 5–58. doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195188318.013.0002. ISBN 978-0-19-518831-8.

Herbst 1990. Herbst, Jeffrey (1990). "War and the State in Africa". International Security. 14 (4): 117–139. doi:10.2307/2538753. JSTOR 2538753. S2CID 153804691.

Hechter, Michael; Brustein, William (1980). "Regional Modes of Production and Patterns of State Formation in Western Europe". American Journal of Sociology. 85 (5): 1061–1094. doi:10.1086/227125. JSTOR 2778891. S2CID 143853058.

Spruyt 2002, p. 129. Spruyt, Hendrik (June 2002). "The Origins, Development, and Possible Decline of the Modern State". Annual Review of Political Science. 5 (1): 127–149. doi:10.1146/annurev.polisci.5.101501.145837. S2CID 145637947.

Spruyt 2002, p. 131. Spruyt, Hendrik (June 2002). "The Origins, Development, and Possible Decline of the Modern State". Annual Review of Political Science. 5 (1): 127–149. doi:10.1146/annurev.polisci.5.101501.145837. S2CID 145637947.

Sandeford 2018. Sandeford, David S. (2018). "Organizational complexity and demographic scale in primary state". Royal Society Open Science. 5 (5): 171137. Bibcode:2018RSOS....571137S. doi:10.1098/rsos.171137. PMC 5990841. PMID 29892345.

Wright 1977, p. 386. Wright, Henry T. (October 1977). "Recent Research on the Origin of the State". Annual Review of Anthropology. 6 (1): 379–397. doi:10.1146/annurev.an.06.100177.002115.

Wright, Rita P. (2018). "Comparative Perspectives and Early States Revisited". State Formations. pp. 73–89. doi:10.1017/9781108241380.006. ISBN 978-1-108-24138-0.

Mayshar, Joram; Moav, Omer; Pascali, Luigi (1 April 2022). "The Origin of the State: Land Productivity or Appropriability?" (PDF). Journal of Political Economy. 130 (4): 1091–1144. doi:10.1086/718372. hdl:10230/57736. S2CID 244818703.

Turchin, Peter; Whitehouse, Harvey; Gavrilets, Sergey; Hoyer, Daniel; François, Pieter; Bennett, James S.; Feeney, Kevin C.; Peregrine, Peter; Feinman, Gary; Korotayev, Andrey; Kradin, Nikolay (2022). "Disentangling the evolutionary drivers of social complexity: A comprehensive test of hypotheses". Science Advances. 8 (25): eabn3517. Bibcode:2022SciA....8N3517T. doi:10.1126/sciadv.abn3517. PMC 9232109. PMID 35749491.

Wright 2006, p. 306. Wright, Henry T. (October 2006). "Early State Dynamics as Political Experiment". Journal of Anthropological Research. 62 (3): 305–319. doi:10.3998/jar.0521004.0062.301. JSTOR 20371027. S2CID 144973163.

Huang, Chin-Hao; Kang, David C. (2022). "State Formation in Korea and Japan, 400–800 CE: Emulation and Learning, Not Bellicist Competition". International Organization. 76 (1): 1–31. doi:10.1017/S0020818321000254. S2CID 236554884. SSRN 3776268.

Grzymala-Busse, Anna (11 May 2020). "Beyond War and Contracts: The Medieval and Religious Roots of the European State". Annual Review of Political Science. 23 (1): 19–36. doi:10.1146/annurev-polisci-050718-032628. S2CID 210539652.

Bean, Richard (1973). "War and the Birth of the Nation State". The Journal of Economic History. 33 (1): 203–221. doi:10.1017/S0022050700076531. JSTOR 2117151. S2CID 154453294.

Southall 1974, p. 153. Southall, Aidan (October 1974). "State Formation in Africa". Annual Review of Anthropology. 3 (1): 153–165. doi:10.1146/annurev.an.03.100174.001101.

Spruyt 2002, p. 132. Spruyt, Hendrik (June 2002). "The Origins, Development, and Possible Decline of the Modern State". Annual Review of Political Science. 5 (1): 127–149. doi:10.1146/annurev.polisci.5.101501.145837. S2CID 145637947.

Moehler, Michael (September 2009). "Why Hobbes' State of Nature is Best Modeled by an Assurance Game". Utilitas. 21 (3): 297–326. doi:10.1017/S0953820809990069. S2CID 145069801.

Silaghi, Raluca Marinela (2018). "The Social Contract Theory in the Vision of Jean-Jaques Rousseau". Studia Universitatis Babeş-Bolyai - Philosophia. 63 (Sp.Iss): 21–34. doi:10.24193/subbphil.2018.spiss.02. S2CID 149874379.

Michalopoulos, Stelios; Papaioannou, Elias (1 July 2016). "The Long-Run Effects of the Scramble for Africa". American Economic Review. 106 (7): 1802–1848. doi:10.1257/aer.20131311. S2CID 2290522. ProQuest 1800430532.

Spencer & Redmond 2004, p. 174. Spencer, Charles S.; Redmond, Elsa M. (1 October 2004). "Primary State Formation in Mesoamerica". Annual Review of Anthropology. 33 (1): 173–199. doi:10.1146/annurev.anthro.33.070203.143823.

Scott, James C. (2017). Against the Grain: A Deep History of the Earliest States. Yale University Press. doi:10.2307/j.ctv1bvnfk9. ISBN 978-0-300-18291-0. JSTOR j.ctv1bvnfk9.^{[page needed]}

Carneiro 1970. Carneiro, Robert L. (21 August 1970). "A Theory of the Origin of the State: Traditional theories of state origins are considered and rejected in favor of a new ecological hypothesis". Science. 169 (3947): 733–738. Bibcode:1970Sci...169..733C. doi:10.1126/science.169.3947.733. PMID 17820299. S2CID 11536431.

Allen, Robert C (April 1997). "Agriculture and the Origins of the State in Ancient Egypt". Explorations in Economic History. 34 (2): 135–154. doi:10.1006/exeh.1997.0673.

Borcan, Oana; Olsson, Ola; Putterman, Louis (October 2021). "Transition to agriculture and first state presence: A global analysis" (PDF). Explorations in Economic History. 82: 101404. doi:10.1016/j.eeh.2021.101404. hdl:2077/57593.

Ahmed, Ali T.; Stasavage, David (May 2020). "Origins of Early Democracy". American Political Science Review. 114 (2): 502–518. doi:10.1017/S0003055419000741. S2CID 29671869.

Mayshar, Joram; Moav, Omer; Neeman, Zvika (August 2017). "Geography, Transparency, and Institutions" (PDF). American Political Science Review. 111 (3): 622–636. doi:10.1017/S0003055417000132. S2CID 134526725.

Carneiro 1970, p. 733. Carneiro, Robert L. (21 August 1970). "A Theory of the Origin of the State: Traditional theories of state origins are considered and rejected in favor of a new ecological hypothesis". Science. 169 (3947): 733–738. Bibcode:1970Sci...169..733C. doi:10.1126/science.169.3947.733. PMID 17820299. S2CID 11536431.

Carneiro 1970, p. 734. Carneiro, Robert L. (21 August 1970). "A Theory of the Origin of the State: Traditional theories of state origins are considered and rejected in favor of a new ecological hypothesis". Science. 169 (3947): 733–738. Bibcode:1970Sci...169..733C. doi:10.1126/science.169.3947.733. PMID 17820299. S2CID 11536431.

Olson 1993, pp. 567–576. Olson, Mancur (1993). "Dictatorship, Democracy, and Development". American Political Science Review. 87 (3): 567–576. doi:10.2307/2938736. JSTOR 2938736.

Carneiro 1970, pp. 734–735. Carneiro, Robert L. (21 August 1970). "A Theory of the Origin of the State: Traditional theories of state origins are considered and rejected in favor of a new ecological hypothesis". Science. 169 (3947): 733–738. Bibcode:1970Sci...169..733C. doi:10.1126/science.169.3947.733. PMID 17820299. S2CID 11536431.

Wright 2006, p. 316. Wright, Henry T. (October 2006). "Early State Dynamics as Political Experiment". Journal of Anthropological Research. 62 (3): 305–319. doi:10.3998/jar.0521004.0062.301. JSTOR 20371027. S2CID 144973163.

Barkey & Parikh 1991, p. 527. Barkey, Karen; Parikh, Sunita (August 1991). "Comparative Perspectives on the State". Annual Review of Sociology. 17 (1): 523–549. doi:10.1146/annurev.soc.17.1.523.

Axtmann 2004, p. 260. Axtmann, Roland (July 2004). "The State of the State: The Model of the Modern State and Its Contemporary Transformation". International Political Science Review. 25 (3): 259–279. doi:10.1177/0192512104043016. S2CID 145379964.

Barkey & Parikh 1991, p. 535. Barkey, Karen; Parikh, Sunita (August 1991). "Comparative Perspectives on the State". Annual Review of Sociology. 17 (1): 523–549. doi:10.1146/annurev.soc.17.1.523.

Barkey & Parikh 1991, p. 525. Barkey, Karen; Parikh, Sunita (August 1991). "Comparative Perspectives on the State". Annual Review of Sociology. 17 (1): 523–549. doi:10.1146/annurev.soc.17.1.523.

Barkey & Parikh 1991, p. 530. Barkey, Karen; Parikh, Sunita (August 1991). "Comparative Perspectives on the State". Annual Review of Sociology. 17 (1): 523–549. doi:10.1146/annurev.soc.17.1.523.

Spruyt 2002. Spruyt, Hendrik (June 2002). "The Origins, Development, and Possible Decline of the Modern State". Annual Review of Political Science. 5 (1): 127–149. doi:10.1146/annurev.polisci.5.101501.145837. S2CID 145637947.

Gorski, Philip; Sharma, Vivek Swaroop (2017). "Beyond the Tilly Thesis". Does War Make States?. pp. 98–124. doi:10.1017/9781316493694.005. ISBN 978-1-316-49369-4.

Getachew, Adom (2019). Worldmaking after Empire: The Rise and Fall of Self-Determination. Princeton University Press. pp. 73–74. doi:10.2307/j.ctv3znwvg. ISBN 978-0-691-17915-5. JSTOR j.ctv3znwvg. S2CID 242525007.

Barkey & Parikh 1991, p. 527-528. Barkey, Karen; Parikh, Sunita (August 1991). "Comparative Perspectives on the State". Annual Review of Sociology. 17 (1): 523–549. doi:10.1146/annurev.soc.17.1.523.

Kaldor 1963. Kaldor, Nicholas (1963). "Will underdeveloped countries learn to tax?". Foreign Affairs. 41 (2): 410–419. doi:10.2307/20029626. JSTOR 20029626.

Thompson & Rasler 1999, p. 5. Thompson, William R.; Rasler, Karen (February 1999). "War, the Military Revolution(s) Controversy, and Army Expansion: A Test of Two Explanations of Historical Influences on European State Making". Comparative Political Studies. 32 (1): 3–31. doi:10.1177/0010414099032001001. S2CID 153973953.

Thompson & Rasler 1999, p. 6. Thompson, William R.; Rasler, Karen (February 1999). "War, the Military Revolution(s) Controversy, and Army Expansion: A Test of Two Explanations of Historical Influences on European State Making". Comparative Political Studies. 32 (1): 3–31. doi:10.1177/0010414099032001001. S2CID 153973953.

Thompson & Rasler 1999. Thompson, William R.; Rasler, Karen (February 1999). "War, the Military Revolution(s) Controversy, and Army Expansion: A Test of Two Explanations of Historical Influences on European State Making". Comparative Political Studies. 32 (1): 3–31. doi:10.1177/0010414099032001001. S2CID 153973953.

Dincecco, Mark; Fenske, James; Menon, Anil; Mukherjee, Shivaji (1 April 2022). "Pre-Colonial Warfare and Long-Run Development in India". The Economic Journal. 132 (643): 981–1010. doi:10.1093/ej/ueab089.

Schenoni, Luis L. (April 2021). "Bringing War Back in: Victory and State Formation in Latin America". American Journal of Political Science. 65 (2): 405–421. doi:10.1111/ajps.12552. S2CID 221552058.

Jüde, Johannes (March 2022). "Making or un-making states: when does war have formative effects?". European Journal of International Relations. 28 (1): 209–234. doi:10.1177/13540661211053628. S2CID 239965360.

Kurtz, Marcus J. (2013). Latin American State Building in Comparative Perspective. doi:10.1017/CBO9781139019668. ISBN 978-0-521-76644-9.^{[page needed]}

Holden, Robert H. (2017). "Beyond Mere War". Does War Make States?. pp. 243–267. doi:10.1017/9781316493694.010. ISBN 978-1-316-49369-4.

Abramson 2017. Abramson, Scott F (2017). "The Economic Origins of the Territorial State". International Organization. 71 (1): 97–130. doi:10.1017/S0020818316000308. S2CID 22432480.

Sharma, Vivek Swaroop (2017). "War, Conflict and the State Reconsidered". Does War Make States?. pp. 181–218. doi:10.1017/9781316493694.008. ISBN 978-1-316-49369-4.

Spruyt, Hendrik (2017). "War and State Formation". Does War Make States?. pp. 73–97. doi:10.1017/9781316493694.004. ISBN 978-1-316-49369-4.

Spruyt, Hendrik (2009). "War, Trade, and State Formation". The Oxford Handbook of Comparative Politics. pp. 211–235. doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199566020.003.0009. ISBN 978-0-19-956602-0.

Barkey & Parikh 1991, p. 529. Barkey, Karen; Parikh, Sunita (August 1991). "Comparative Perspectives on the State". Annual Review of Sociology. 17 (1): 523–549. doi:10.1146/annurev.soc.17.1.523.

Posen, Barry R. (1993). "Nationalism, the Mass Army, and Military Power". International Security. 18 (2): 80–124. doi:10.2307/2539098. JSTOR 2539098. S2CID 154935234.

Ejiogu 2011, p. 595. Ejiogu, Ec (December 2011). "State Building in the Niger Basin in the Common Era and Beyond, 1000–Mid 1800s: The Case of Yorubaland". Journal of Asian and African Studies. 46 (6): 593–614. doi:10.1177/0021909611405831. S2CID 145180641.

Southall 1974, p. 155. Southall, Aidan (October 1974). "State Formation in Africa". Annual Review of Anthropology. 3 (1): 153–165. doi:10.1146/annurev.an.03.100174.001101.

Barkey & Parikh 1991, p. 531. Barkey, Karen; Parikh, Sunita (August 1991). "Comparative Perspectives on the State". Annual Review of Sociology. 17 (1): 523–549. doi:10.1146/annurev.soc.17.1.523.

Wimmer & Feinstein 2010, p. 769. Wimmer, Andreas; Feinstein, Yuval (October 2010). "The Rise of the Nation-State across the World, 1816 to 2001". American Sociological Review. 75 (5): 764–790. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.690.9400. doi:10.1177/0003122410382639. S2CID 10075481.

Sokoloff, Kenneth L.; Engerman, Stanley L. (September 2000). "Institutions, Factor Endowments, and Paths of Development in the New World". Journal of Economic Perspectives. 14 (3): 217–232. doi:10.1257/jep.14.3.217. ISSN 0895-3309.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

jstor.org

Herbst 1990. Herbst, Jeffrey (1990). "War and the State in Africa". International Security. 14 (4): 117–139. doi:10.2307/2538753. JSTOR 2538753. S2CID 153804691.

Bean, Richard (1973). "War and the Birth of the Nation State". The Journal of Economic History. 33 (1): 203–221. doi:10.1017/S0022050700076531. JSTOR 2117151. S2CID 154453294.

Eisenstadt, S. N. (2000). "Multiple Modernities". Daedalus. 129 (1): 1–29. JSTOR 20027613.

Scott, James C. (2017). Against the Grain: A Deep History of the Earliest States. Yale University Press. doi:10.2307/j.ctv1bvnfk9. ISBN 978-0-300-18291-0. JSTOR j.ctv1bvnfk9.^{[page needed]}

Olson 1993, pp. 567–576. Olson, Mancur (1993). "Dictatorship, Democracy, and Development". American Political Science Review. 87 (3): 567–576. doi:10.2307/2938736. JSTOR 2938736.

Kaldor 1963. Kaldor, Nicholas (1963). "Will underdeveloped countries learn to tax?". Foreign Affairs. 41 (2): 410–419. doi:10.2307/20029626. JSTOR 20029626.

Posen, Barry R. (1993). "Nationalism, the Mass Army, and Military Power". International Security. 18 (2): 80–124. doi:10.2307/2539098. JSTOR 2539098. S2CID 154935234.

Pohl, Walter; Wieser, Veronika (2009). Der frühmittelalterliche Staat - Europäische Perspektiven. Austrian Academy of Sciences Press. ISBN 978-3-7001-6604-7. JSTOR j.ctt3fgk28.^{[page needed]}

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pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

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scribd.com

Krohn-Hansen & Nustad 2005, p. 12. Krohn-Hansen, Christian; Nustad, Knut G. (2005). "Introduction". In Christian Krohn-Hansen; Knut G. Nustad (eds.). State Formation: Anthropological Perspectives. London: Pluto Press. pp. 3–26. OCLC 815686763.

Krohn-Hansen & Nustad 2005, p. 8. Krohn-Hansen, Christian; Nustad, Knut G. (2005). "Introduction". In Christian Krohn-Hansen; Knut G. Nustad (eds.). State Formation: Anthropological Perspectives. London: Pluto Press. pp. 3–26. OCLC 815686763.

Krohn-Hansen & Nustad 2005, p. 19. Krohn-Hansen, Christian; Nustad, Knut G. (2005). "Introduction". In Christian Krohn-Hansen; Knut G. Nustad (eds.). State Formation: Anthropological Perspectives. London: Pluto Press. pp. 3–26. OCLC 815686763.

Krohn-Hansen & Nustad 2005, p. 9. Krohn-Hansen, Christian; Nustad, Knut G. (2005). "Introduction". In Christian Krohn-Hansen; Knut G. Nustad (eds.). State Formation: Anthropological Perspectives. London: Pluto Press. pp. 3–26. OCLC 815686763.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Herbst 1990. Herbst, Jeffrey (1990). "War and the State in Africa". International Security. 14 (4): 117–139. doi:10.2307/2538753. JSTOR 2538753. S2CID 153804691.

Bean, Richard (1973). "War and the Birth of the Nation State". The Journal of Economic History. 33 (1): 203–221. doi:10.1017/S0022050700076531. JSTOR 2117151. S2CID 154453294.

Moehler, Michael (September 2009). "Why Hobbes' State of Nature is Best Modeled by an Assurance Game". Utilitas. 21 (3): 297–326. doi:10.1017/S0953820809990069. S2CID 145069801.

Ahmed, Ali T.; Stasavage, David (May 2020). "Origins of Early Democracy". American Political Science Review. 114 (2): 502–518. doi:10.1017/S0003055419000741. S2CID 29671869.

Abramson 2017. Abramson, Scott F (2017). "The Economic Origins of the Territorial State". International Organization. 71 (1): 97–130. doi:10.1017/S0020818316000308. S2CID 22432480.

Posen, Barry R. (1993). "Nationalism, the Mass Army, and Military Power". International Security. 18 (2): 80–124. doi:10.2307/2539098. JSTOR 2539098. S2CID 154935234.

worldcat.org

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Haas 1982, p. 1. Haas, Jonathan (1982). The Evolution of the Prehistoric State. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-05338-9. OCLC 8171126.

Cohen 1978, pp. 2–5. Cohen, Ronald (1978). "State Origins: A Reappraisal". In Henri J.M. Claessen; Peter Skalnik (eds.). The Early State. New York: Mouton Publishers. pp. 31–75. ISBN 978-90-279-7904-9. OCLC 4781474.

Marcus & Feinman 1998, p. 3. Marcus, Joyce; Feinman, Gary M. (1998). "Introduction". In Gary M. Feinman; Joyce Marcus (eds.). Archaic States. Santa Fe, New Mexico: School of American Research Press. pp. 3–13. OCLC 38120578.

Cohen 1978, p. 50. Cohen, Ronald (1978). "State Origins: A Reappraisal". In Henri J.M. Claessen; Peter Skalnik (eds.). The Early State. New York: Mouton Publishers. pp. 31–75. ISBN 978-90-279-7904-9. OCLC 4781474.

Blanton & Fargher 2008, p. 13. Blanton, Richard; Fargher, Lane (2008). Collective Action in the Formation of Pre-Modern States. New York: Springer. OCLC 209984839.

Service 1978, p. 21. Service, Elman R. (1978). "Classical and Modern Theories on the Origins of Government". In Ronald Cohen; Elman R. Service (eds.). Origins of the State: The Anthropology of Political Evolution. Philadelphia, PA: ISHI. pp. 21–34. ISBN 978-0-915980-84-0. OCLC 3558908.

Service 1978, pp. 21–23. Service, Elman R. (1978). "Classical and Modern Theories on the Origins of Government". In Ronald Cohen; Elman R. Service (eds.). Origins of the State: The Anthropology of Political Evolution. Philadelphia, PA: ISHI. pp. 21–34. ISBN 978-0-915980-84-0. OCLC 3558908.

Service 1978, p. 30. Service, Elman R. (1978). "Classical and Modern Theories on the Origins of Government". In Ronald Cohen; Elman R. Service (eds.). Origins of the State: The Anthropology of Political Evolution. Philadelphia, PA: ISHI. pp. 21–34. ISBN 978-0-915980-84-0. OCLC 3558908.

Claessen & Skalnik 1978, p. 6. Claessen, Henri J.M.; Skalnik, Peter (1978). "The Early State: Theories and Hypotheses". In Henri J.M. Claessen; Peter Skalnik (eds.). The Early State. New York: Mouton Publishers. pp. 3–29. ISBN 978-90-279-7904-9. OCLC 4781474.

Service 1978, pp. 25–26. Service, Elman R. (1978). "Classical and Modern Theories on the Origins of Government". In Ronald Cohen; Elman R. Service (eds.). Origins of the State: The Anthropology of Political Evolution. Philadelphia, PA: ISHI. pp. 21–34. ISBN 978-0-915980-84-0. OCLC 3558908.

Claessen & Skalnik 1978, p. 7. Claessen, Henri J.M.; Skalnik, Peter (1978). "The Early State: Theories and Hypotheses". In Henri J.M. Claessen; Peter Skalnik (eds.). The Early State. New York: Mouton Publishers. pp. 3–29. ISBN 978-90-279-7904-9. OCLC 4781474.

Service 1978, pp. 28–29. Service, Elman R. (1978). "Classical and Modern Theories on the Origins of Government". In Ronald Cohen; Elman R. Service (eds.). Origins of the State: The Anthropology of Political Evolution. Philadelphia, PA: ISHI. pp. 21–34. ISBN 978-0-915980-84-0. OCLC 3558908.

Service 1978, p. 24. Service, Elman R. (1978). "Classical and Modern Theories on the Origins of Government". In Ronald Cohen; Elman R. Service (eds.). Origins of the State: The Anthropology of Political Evolution. Philadelphia, PA: ISHI. pp. 21–34. ISBN 978-0-915980-84-0. OCLC 3558908.

Claessen & Skalnik 1978, p. 10. Claessen, Henri J.M.; Skalnik, Peter (1978). "The Early State: Theories and Hypotheses". In Henri J.M. Claessen; Peter Skalnik (eds.). The Early State. New York: Mouton Publishers. pp. 3–29. ISBN 978-90-279-7904-9. OCLC 4781474.

Claessen & Skalnik 1978, p. 13. Claessen, Henri J.M.; Skalnik, Peter (1978). "The Early State: Theories and Hypotheses". In Henri J.M. Claessen; Peter Skalnik (eds.). The Early State. New York: Mouton Publishers. pp. 3–29. ISBN 978-90-279-7904-9. OCLC 4781474.

Blanton & Fargher 2008, p. 8. Blanton, Richard; Fargher, Lane (2008). Collective Action in the Formation of Pre-Modern States. New York: Springer. OCLC 209984839.

Blanton & Fargher 2008, p. 9. Blanton, Richard; Fargher, Lane (2008). Collective Action in the Formation of Pre-Modern States. New York: Springer. OCLC 209984839.

Cohen 1978, p. 38. Cohen, Ronald (1978). "State Origins: A Reappraisal". In Henri J.M. Claessen; Peter Skalnik (eds.). The Early State. New York: Mouton Publishers. pp. 31–75. ISBN 978-90-279-7904-9. OCLC 4781474.

Haas 1982, p. 73. Haas, Jonathan (1982). The Evolution of the Prehistoric State. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-05338-9. OCLC 8171126.

Cohen 1978, p. 51. Cohen, Ronald (1978). "State Origins: A Reappraisal". In Henri J.M. Claessen; Peter Skalnik (eds.). The Early State. New York: Mouton Publishers. pp. 31–75. ISBN 978-90-279-7904-9. OCLC 4781474.

Cohen 1978, pp. 61–68. Cohen, Ronald (1978). "State Origins: A Reappraisal". In Henri J.M. Claessen; Peter Skalnik (eds.). The Early State. New York: Mouton Publishers. pp. 31–75. ISBN 978-90-279-7904-9. OCLC 4781474.

Cohen 1978, p. 42. Cohen, Ronald (1978). "State Origins: A Reappraisal". In Henri J.M. Claessen; Peter Skalnik (eds.). The Early State. New York: Mouton Publishers. pp. 31–75. ISBN 978-90-279-7904-9. OCLC 4781474.

State formation (English Wikipedia)

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