Steganography (English Wikipedia)

Wendzel, Steffen; Zander, Sebastian; Fechner, Bernhard; Herdin, Christian (16 April 2015). "Pattern-Based Survey and Categorization of Network Covert Channel Techniques". ACM Computing Surveys. 47 (3): 1–26. arXiv:1406.2901. doi:10.1145/2684195. S2CID 14654993.
Wojciech Mazurczyk & Krzysztof Szczypiorski (November 2008). "Steganography of VoIP Streams". On the Move to Meaningful Internet Systems: OTM 2008. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Vol. 5332. pp. 1001–1018. arXiv:0805.2938. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-88873-4_6. ISBN 978-3-540-88872-7. S2CID 14336157.
Bartosz Jankowski; Wojciech Mazurczyk & Krzysztof Szczypiorski (11 May 2010). "Information Hiding Using Improper Frame Padding". arXiv:1005.1925 [cs.CR].
Chaganti, Raj; R, Vinayakumar; Alazab, Mamoun; Pham, Tuan (12 October 2021). Stegomalware: A Systematic Survey of Malware Hiding and Detection in Images, Machine Learning Models and Research Challenges (Report). arXiv:2110.02504. doi:10.36227/techrxiv.16755457.v1. (pre-print, not peer reviewed)

bbc.co.uk

Jane Wakefield (9 January 2014). "Cicada 3301: The darknet treasure trail reopens". BBC News. Retrieved 11 January 2014.

binghamton.edu

ws.binghamton.edu

Fridrich, Jessica; M. Goljan; D. Soukal (2004). Delp Iii, Edward J; Wong, Ping W (eds.). "Searching for the Stego Key" (PDF). Proc. SPIE, Electronic Imaging, Security, Steganography, and Watermarking of Multimedia Contents VI. Security, Steganography, and Watermarking of Multimedia Contents VI. 5306: 70–82. Bibcode:2004SPIE.5306...70F. doi:10.1117/12.521353. S2CID 6773772. Retrieved 23 January 2014.

boingboing.net

Social Steganography: how teens smuggle meaning past the authority figures in their lives, Boing Boing, 22 May 2013. Retrieved 7 June 2014.

cam.ac.uk

cl.cam.ac.uk

Petitcolas, FAP; Anderson RJ; Kuhn MG (1999). "Information Hiding: A survey" (PDF). Proceedings of the IEEE. 87 (7): 1062–78. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.333.9397. doi:10.1109/5.771065. Retrieved 2 September 2008.
Steven J. Murdoch & Stephen Lewis (2005). "Embedding Covert Channels into TCP/IP" (PDF). Information Hiding Workshop. Retrieved 16 June 2010.

digitale-sammlungen.de

daten.digitale-sammlungen.de

"Polygraphiae (cf. p. 71f)" (in German). Digitale Sammlungen. Retrieved 27 May 2015.

doi.org

Fridrich, Jessica; M. Goljan; D. Soukal (2004). Delp Iii, Edward J; Wong, Ping W (eds.). "Searching for the Stego Key" (PDF). Proc. SPIE, Electronic Imaging, Security, Steganography, and Watermarking of Multimedia Contents VI. Security, Steganography, and Watermarking of Multimedia Contents VI. 5306: 70–82. Bibcode:2004SPIE.5306...70F. doi:10.1117/12.521353. S2CID 6773772. Retrieved 23 January 2014.
Petitcolas, FAP; Anderson RJ; Kuhn MG (1999). "Information Hiding: A survey" (PDF). Proceedings of the IEEE. 87 (7): 1062–78. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.333.9397. doi:10.1109/5.771065. Retrieved 2 September 2008.
Cheddad, Abbas; Condell, Joan; Curran, Kevin; Mc Kevitt, Paul (2010). "Digital image steganography: Survey and analysis of current methods". Signal Processing. 90 (3): 727–752. Bibcode:2010SigPr..90..727C. doi:10.1016/j.sigpro.2009.08.010.
Bender, W.; Gruhl, D.; Morimoto, N.; Lu, A. (1996). "Techniques for data hiding" (PDF). IBM Systems Journal. 35 (3.4). IBM Corp.: 313–336. doi:10.1147/sj.353.0313. ISSN 0018-8670. S2CID 16672162. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 June 2020.
Giannoula, A.; Hatzinakos, D. (2003). "Compressive data hiding for video signals". Proceedings 2003 International Conference on Image Processing (Cat. No.03CH37429). Vol. 1. IEEE. pp. I–529–32. doi:10.1109/icip.2003.1247015. ISBN 0780377508. S2CID 361883.
Dittmann, Jana; Hesse, Danny; Hillert, Reyk (21 March 2005). Delp Iii, Edward J; Wong, Ping W (eds.). "Steganography and steganalysis in voice-over IP scenarios: operational aspects and first experiences with a new steganalysis tool set". Security, Steganography, and Watermarking of Multimedia Contents VII. 5681. SPIE: 607. Bibcode:2005SPIE.5681..607D. doi:10.1117/12.586579. S2CID 206413447.
Huang, Yong Feng; Tang, Shanyu; Yuan, Jian (June 2011). "Steganography in Inactive Frames of VoIP Streams Encoded by Source Codec" (PDF). IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security. 6 (2): 296–306. doi:10.1109/tifs.2011.2108649. ISSN 1556-6013. S2CID 15096702.
Huang, Yongfeng; Liu, Chenghao; Tang, Shanyu; Bai, Sen (December 2012). "Steganography Integration Into a Low-Bit Rate Speech Codec" (PDF). IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security. 7 (6): 1865–1875. doi:10.1109/tifs.2012.2218599. ISSN 1556-6013. S2CID 16539562.
Ghosal, Sudipta Kr; Mukhopadhyay, Souradeep; Hossain, Sabbir; Sarkar, Ram (2020). "Application of Lah transform for security and privacy of data through information hiding in telecommunication". Transactions on Emerging Telecommunications Technologies. 32 (2). doi:10.1002/ett.3984. S2CID 225866797.
Cheddad, Zohra Adila; Cheddad, Abbas (2024). "Active Restoration of Lost Audio Signals Using Machine Learning and Latent Information". Proceedings 2023 Intelligent Systems Conference (IntelliSys'23). Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems. Vol. 822. LNCS,Springer. pp. 1–16. doi:10.1007/978-3-031-47721-8_1. ISBN 978-3-031-47720-1.
Cheddad, Abbas; Condell, Joan; Curran, Kevin; Mc Kevitt, Paul (2009). "A skin tone detection algorithm for an adaptive approach to steganography". Signal Processing. 89 (12): 2465–2478. Bibcode:2009SigPr..89.2465C. doi:10.1016/j.sigpro.2009.04.022.
Wendzel, Steffen; Zander, Sebastian; Fechner, Bernhard; Herdin, Christian (16 April 2015). "Pattern-Based Survey and Categorization of Network Covert Channel Techniques". ACM Computing Surveys. 47 (3): 1–26. arXiv:1406.2901. doi:10.1145/2684195. S2CID 14654993.
Mazurczyk, Wojciech; Wendzel, Steffen; Cabaj, Krzysztof (27 August 2018). "Towards Deriving Insights into Data Hiding Methods Using Pattern-based Approach". Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security. pp. 1–10. doi:10.1145/3230833.3233261. ISBN 9781450364485. S2CID 51976841.
Mileva, Aleksandra; Velinov, Aleksandar; Hartmann, Laura; Wendzel, Steffen; Mazurczyk, Wojciech (May 2021). "Comprehensive analysis of MQTT 5.0 susceptibility to network covert channels". Computers & Security. 104: 102207. doi:10.1016/j.cose.2021.102207. S2CID 232342523.
Girling, C.G. (February 1987). "Covert Channels in LAN's". IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering. SE-13 (2): 292–296. doi:10.1109/tse.1987.233153. ISSN 0098-5589. S2CID 3042941.
Rowland, Craig H. (5 May 1997). "Covert channels in the TCP/IP protocol suite". First Monday. 2 (5). doi:10.5210/fm.v2i5.528. ISSN 1396-0466.
Murdoch, Steven J.; Lewis, Stephen (2005), "Embedding Covert Channels into TCP/IP", Information Hiding, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 247–261, doi:10.1007/11558859_19, ISBN 9783540290391
Wojciech Mazurczyk & Krzysztof Szczypiorski (November 2008). "Steganography of VoIP Streams". On the Move to Meaningful Internet Systems: OTM 2008. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Vol. 5332. pp. 1001–1018. arXiv:0805.2938. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-88873-4_6. ISBN 978-3-540-88872-7. S2CID 14336157.
Wendzel, Steffen; Keller, Joerg (20 October 2011). "Low-Attention Forwarding for Mobile Network Covert Channels". Communications and Multimedia Security. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Vol. 7025. pp. 122–133. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-24712-5_10. ISBN 978-3-642-24711-8. Retrieved 4 September 2016.
Wiseman, Simon (2017). Defenders Guide to Steganography (Report). doi:10.13140/RG.2.2.21608.98561.
Liao, Xin; Wen, Qiao-yan; Shi, Sha (2011). "Distributed Steganography". 2011 Seventh International Conference on Intelligent Information Hiding and Multimedia Signal Processing. IEEE. pp. 153–156. doi:10.1109/IIHMSP.2011.20. ISBN 978-1-4577-1397-2. S2CID 17769131.
Chaganti, Raj; R, Vinayakumar; Alazab, Mamoun; Pham, Tuan (12 October 2021). Stegomalware: A Systematic Survey of Malware Hiding and Detection in Images, Machine Learning Models and Research Challenges (Report). arXiv:2110.02504. doi:10.36227/techrxiv.16755457.v1. (pre-print, not peer reviewed)

eff.org

"Secret Code in Color Printers Lets Government Track You; Tiny Dots Show Where and When You Made Your Print". Electronic Frontier Foundation. 16 October 2005.

firstmonday.org

Craig Rowland (May 1997). "Covert Channels in the TCP/IP Suite". First Monday Journal. Archived from the original on 26 January 2013. Retrieved 16 June 2010.

getpocket.com

"The Wartime Spies Who Used Knitting as an Espionage Tool – Atlas Obscura". Pocket. Retrieved 4 March 2020.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Fridrich, Jessica; M. Goljan; D. Soukal (2004). Delp Iii, Edward J; Wong, Ping W (eds.). "Searching for the Stego Key" (PDF). Proc. SPIE, Electronic Imaging, Security, Steganography, and Watermarking of Multimedia Contents VI. Security, Steganography, and Watermarking of Multimedia Contents VI. 5306: 70–82. Bibcode:2004SPIE.5306...70F. doi:10.1117/12.521353. S2CID 6773772. Retrieved 23 January 2014.
Cheddad, Abbas; Condell, Joan; Curran, Kevin; Mc Kevitt, Paul (2010). "Digital image steganography: Survey and analysis of current methods". Signal Processing. 90 (3): 727–752. Bibcode:2010SigPr..90..727C. doi:10.1016/j.sigpro.2009.08.010.
Dittmann, Jana; Hesse, Danny; Hillert, Reyk (21 March 2005). Delp Iii, Edward J; Wong, Ping W (eds.). "Steganography and steganalysis in voice-over IP scenarios: operational aspects and first experiences with a new steganalysis tool set". Security, Steganography, and Watermarking of Multimedia Contents VII. 5681. SPIE: 607. Bibcode:2005SPIE.5681..607D. doi:10.1117/12.586579. S2CID 206413447.
Cheddad, Abbas; Condell, Joan; Curran, Kevin; Mc Kevitt, Paul (2009). "A skin tone detection algorithm for an adaptive approach to steganography". Signal Processing. 89 (12): 2465–2478. Bibcode:2009SigPr..89.2465C. doi:10.1016/j.sigpro.2009.04.022.

ieee.org

spectrum.ieee.org

Józef Lubacz; Wojciech Mazurczyk; Krzysztof Szczypiorski (February 2010). "Vice Over IP: The VoIP Steganography Threat". IEEE Spectrum. Retrieved 11 February 2010.

irevolution.wordpress.com

Patrick Philippe Meier (5 June 2009). "Steganography 2.0: Digital Resistance against Repressive Regimes". irevolution.wordpress.com. Retrieved 17 June 2010.

justice.gov

"Criminal complaint by Special Agent Ricci against alleged Russian agents" (PDF). United States Department of Justice.

maydaymystery.org

"The texts". Maydaymystery.org. Retrieved 23 November 2017.
"Recent things". Maydaymystery.org. Retrieved 23 November 2017.
"The Mystery". Maydaymystery.org. Retrieved 23 November 2017.

mcafee.com

Lancioni, German (16 October 2017). "What's Hidden in That Picture Online? Seeing Through "Stegware"". McAfee.

merriam-webster.com

"Definition of STEGANOGRAPHY". Merriam-webster.com. Retrieved 14 December 2021.

pictureworthsthousandwords.appspot.com

Vincent Chu. "ASCII Art Steganography". Pictureworthsthousandwords.appspot.com.

psu.edu

citeseerx.ist.psu.edu

Petitcolas, FAP; Anderson RJ; Kuhn MG (1999). "Information Hiding: A survey" (PDF). Proceedings of the IEEE. 87 (7): 1062–78. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.333.9397. doi:10.1109/5.771065. Retrieved 2 September 2008.

pw.edu.pl

tele.pw.edu.pl

Krzysztof Szczypiorski (4 November 2003). "Steganography in TCP/IP Networks. State of the Art and a Proposal of a New System – HICCUPS" (PDF). Institute of Telecommunications Seminar. Retrieved 17 June 2010.

krzysiek.tele.pw.edu.pl

Krzysztof Szczypiorski (October 2003). "HICCUPS: Hidden Communication System for Corrupted Networks" (PDF). In Proc. of: The Tenth International Multi-Conference on Advanced Computer Systems ACS'2003, pp. 31–40. Retrieved 11 February 2010.

researchgate.net

Wendzel, Steffen; Zander, Sebastian; Fechner, Bernhard; Herdin, Christian (16 April 2015). "Pattern-Based Survey and Categorization of Network Covert Channel Techniques". ACM Computing Surveys. 47 (3): 1–26. arXiv:1406.2901. doi:10.1145/2684195. S2CID 14654993.
Wendzel, Steffen; Keller, Joerg (20 October 2011). "Low-Attention Forwarding for Mobile Network Covert Channels". Communications and Multimedia Security. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Vol. 7025. pp. 122–133. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-24712-5_10. ISBN 978-3-642-24711-8. Retrieved 4 September 2016.
Wiseman, Simon (2017). Defenders Guide to Steganography (Report). doi:10.13140/RG.2.2.21608.98561.

scenariomagazine.com

Social Steganography Archived 14 July 2014 at the Wayback Machine, Scenario Magazine, 2013.

secureiqlab.com

"Content Disarm and Reconstruct – SecureIQLab". 12 April 2022. Retrieved 11 January 2023.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Fridrich, Jessica; M. Goljan; D. Soukal (2004). Delp Iii, Edward J; Wong, Ping W (eds.). "Searching for the Stego Key" (PDF). Proc. SPIE, Electronic Imaging, Security, Steganography, and Watermarking of Multimedia Contents VI. Security, Steganography, and Watermarking of Multimedia Contents VI. 5306: 70–82. Bibcode:2004SPIE.5306...70F. doi:10.1117/12.521353. S2CID 6773772. Retrieved 23 January 2014.
Bender, W.; Gruhl, D.; Morimoto, N.; Lu, A. (1996). "Techniques for data hiding" (PDF). IBM Systems Journal. 35 (3.4). IBM Corp.: 313–336. doi:10.1147/sj.353.0313. ISSN 0018-8670. S2CID 16672162. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 June 2020.
Giannoula, A.; Hatzinakos, D. (2003). "Compressive data hiding for video signals". Proceedings 2003 International Conference on Image Processing (Cat. No.03CH37429). Vol. 1. IEEE. pp. I–529–32. doi:10.1109/icip.2003.1247015. ISBN 0780377508. S2CID 361883.
Dittmann, Jana; Hesse, Danny; Hillert, Reyk (21 March 2005). Delp Iii, Edward J; Wong, Ping W (eds.). "Steganography and steganalysis in voice-over IP scenarios: operational aspects and first experiences with a new steganalysis tool set". Security, Steganography, and Watermarking of Multimedia Contents VII. 5681. SPIE: 607. Bibcode:2005SPIE.5681..607D. doi:10.1117/12.586579. S2CID 206413447.
Huang, Yong Feng; Tang, Shanyu; Yuan, Jian (June 2011). "Steganography in Inactive Frames of VoIP Streams Encoded by Source Codec" (PDF). IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security. 6 (2): 296–306. doi:10.1109/tifs.2011.2108649. ISSN 1556-6013. S2CID 15096702.
Huang, Yongfeng; Liu, Chenghao; Tang, Shanyu; Bai, Sen (December 2012). "Steganography Integration Into a Low-Bit Rate Speech Codec" (PDF). IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security. 7 (6): 1865–1875. doi:10.1109/tifs.2012.2218599. ISSN 1556-6013. S2CID 16539562.
Ghosal, Sudipta Kr; Mukhopadhyay, Souradeep; Hossain, Sabbir; Sarkar, Ram (2020). "Application of Lah transform for security and privacy of data through information hiding in telecommunication". Transactions on Emerging Telecommunications Technologies. 32 (2). doi:10.1002/ett.3984. S2CID 225866797.
Wendzel, Steffen; Zander, Sebastian; Fechner, Bernhard; Herdin, Christian (16 April 2015). "Pattern-Based Survey and Categorization of Network Covert Channel Techniques". ACM Computing Surveys. 47 (3): 1–26. arXiv:1406.2901. doi:10.1145/2684195. S2CID 14654993.
Mazurczyk, Wojciech; Wendzel, Steffen; Cabaj, Krzysztof (27 August 2018). "Towards Deriving Insights into Data Hiding Methods Using Pattern-based Approach". Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security. pp. 1–10. doi:10.1145/3230833.3233261. ISBN 9781450364485. S2CID 51976841.
Mileva, Aleksandra; Velinov, Aleksandar; Hartmann, Laura; Wendzel, Steffen; Mazurczyk, Wojciech (May 2021). "Comprehensive analysis of MQTT 5.0 susceptibility to network covert channels". Computers & Security. 104: 102207. doi:10.1016/j.cose.2021.102207. S2CID 232342523.
Girling, C.G. (February 1987). "Covert Channels in LAN's". IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering. SE-13 (2): 292–296. doi:10.1109/tse.1987.233153. ISSN 0098-5589. S2CID 3042941.
Wojciech Mazurczyk & Krzysztof Szczypiorski (November 2008). "Steganography of VoIP Streams". On the Move to Meaningful Internet Systems: OTM 2008. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Vol. 5332. pp. 1001–1018. arXiv:0805.2938. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-88873-4_6. ISBN 978-3-540-88872-7. S2CID 14336157.
Liao, Xin; Wen, Qiao-yan; Shi, Sha (2011). "Distributed Steganography". 2011 Seventh International Conference on Intelligent Information Hiding and Multimedia Signal Processing. IEEE. pp. 153–156. doi:10.1109/IIHMSP.2011.20. ISBN 978-1-4577-1397-2. S2CID 17769131.

pdfs.semanticscholar.org

Bender, W.; Gruhl, D.; Morimoto, N.; Lu, A. (1996). "Techniques for data hiding" (PDF). IBM Systems Journal. 35 (3.4). IBM Corp.: 313–336. doi:10.1147/sj.353.0313. ISSN 0018-8670. S2CID 16672162. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 June 2020.

tamu.edu

ece.tamu.edu

Kundur D. & Ahsan K. (April 2003). "Practical Internet Steganography: Data Hiding in IP" (PDF). Texas Wksp. Security of Information Systems. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 October 2012. Retrieved 16 June 2010.

techrxiv.org

Chaganti, Raj; R, Vinayakumar; Alazab, Mamoun; Pham, Tuan (12 October 2021). Stegomalware: A Systematic Survey of Malware Hiding and Detection in Images, Machine Learning Models and Research Challenges (Report). arXiv:2110.02504. doi:10.36227/techrxiv.16755457.v1. (pre-print, not peer reviewed)

twinstate.com

blog.twinstate.com

"GE Engineer Charged in Elaborate Theft of Trade Secrets". Twinstate Technologies.

uni-magdeburg.de

wwwiti.cs.uni-magdeburg.de

Kamran Ahsan & Deepa Kundur (December 2002). "Practical Data Hiding in TCP/IP" (PDF). ACM Wksp. Multimedia Security. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 October 2012. Retrieved 16 June 2010.

uwl.ac.uk

repository.uwl.ac.uk

Huang, Yong Feng; Tang, Shanyu; Yuan, Jian (June 2011). "Steganography in Inactive Frames of VoIP Streams Encoded by Source Codec" (PDF). IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security. 6 (2): 296–306. doi:10.1109/tifs.2011.2108649. ISSN 1556-6013. S2CID 15096702.
Huang, Yongfeng; Liu, Chenghao; Tang, Shanyu; Bai, Sen (December 2012). "Steganography Integration Into a Low-Bit Rate Speech Codec" (PDF). IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security. 7 (6): 1865–1875. doi:10.1109/tifs.2012.2218599. ISSN 1556-6013. S2CID 16539562.

votiro.com

Votiro (30 November 2021). "Finding a Content Disarm & Reconstruction (CDR) Vendor". Votiro. Retrieved 11 January 2023.

web.archive.org

Pahati, OJ (29 November 2001). "Confounding Carnivore: How to Protect Your Online Privacy". AlterNet. Archived from the original on 16 July 2007. Retrieved 2 September 2008.
Newman, Lily Hay. "How a Saxophonist Tricked the KGB by Encrypting Secrets in Music". Wired. ISSN 1059-1028. Archived from the original on 8 June 2022. Retrieved 9 June 2022.
Social Steganography Archived 14 July 2014 at the Wayback Machine, Scenario Magazine, 2013.
Bender, W.; Gruhl, D.; Morimoto, N.; Lu, A. (1996). "Techniques for data hiding" (PDF). IBM Systems Journal. 35 (3.4). IBM Corp.: 313–336. doi:10.1147/sj.353.0313. ISSN 0018-8670. S2CID 16672162. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 June 2020.
Craig Rowland (May 1997). "Covert Channels in the TCP/IP Suite". First Monday Journal. Archived from the original on 26 January 2013. Retrieved 16 June 2010.
Kamran Ahsan & Deepa Kundur (December 2002). "Practical Data Hiding in TCP/IP" (PDF). ACM Wksp. Multimedia Security. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 October 2012. Retrieved 16 June 2010.
Kundur D. & Ahsan K. (April 2003). "Practical Internet Steganography: Data Hiding in IP" (PDF). Texas Wksp. Security of Information Systems. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 October 2012. Retrieved 16 June 2010.

wiley.com

eu.wiley.com

Mazurczyk, Wojciech; Wendzel, Steffen; Zander, Sebastian; Houmansadr, Amir; Szczypiorski, Krzysztof (2016). Information Hiding in Communication Networks: Fundamentals, Mechanisms, and Applications (1 ed.). Wiley-IEEE. ISBN 978-1-118-86169-1.

wired.com

Newman, Lily Hay. "How a Saxophonist Tricked the KGB by Encrypting Secrets in Music". Wired. ISSN 1059-1028. Archived from the original on 8 June 2022. Retrieved 9 June 2022.

worldcat.org

search.worldcat.org

Newman, Lily Hay. "How a Saxophonist Tricked the KGB by Encrypting Secrets in Music". Wired. ISSN 1059-1028. Archived from the original on 8 June 2022. Retrieved 9 June 2022.
Bender, W.; Gruhl, D.; Morimoto, N.; Lu, A. (1996). "Techniques for data hiding" (PDF). IBM Systems Journal. 35 (3.4). IBM Corp.: 313–336. doi:10.1147/sj.353.0313. ISSN 0018-8670. S2CID 16672162. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 June 2020.
Huang, Yong Feng; Tang, Shanyu; Yuan, Jian (June 2011). "Steganography in Inactive Frames of VoIP Streams Encoded by Source Codec" (PDF). IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security. 6 (2): 296–306. doi:10.1109/tifs.2011.2108649. ISSN 1556-6013. S2CID 15096702.
Huang, Yongfeng; Liu, Chenghao; Tang, Shanyu; Bai, Sen (December 2012). "Steganography Integration Into a Low-Bit Rate Speech Codec" (PDF). IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security. 7 (6): 1865–1875. doi:10.1109/tifs.2012.2218599. ISSN 1556-6013. S2CID 16539562.
Girling, C.G. (February 1987). "Covert Channels in LAN's". IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering. SE-13 (2): 292–296. doi:10.1109/tse.1987.233153. ISSN 0098-5589. S2CID 3042941.
Rowland, Craig H. (5 May 1997). "Covert channels in the TCP/IP protocol suite". First Monday. 2 (5). doi:10.5210/fm.v2i5.528. ISSN 1396-0466.