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Bell, Michael A. (1976). "Evolution of phenotypic diversity in Gasterosteus aculeatus superspecies on the Pacific Coast of North America". Systematic Zoology. 25 (3): 211–227. doi:10.2307/2412489. JSTOR2412489.
Kim SY, Velando A (January 2020). "Attractive male sticklebacks carry more oxidative DNA damage in the soma and germline". J Evol Biol. 33 (1): 121–6. doi:10.1111/jeb.13552. PMID31610052.