Stirling engine (English Wikipedia)

H.W. Brandhorst; J.A. Rodiek (2005). "A 25 kW Solar Stirling Concept for Lunar Surface Exploration" (PDF). In International Astronautics Federation (ed.). Proceedings of the 56th International Astronautical Congress. IAC-05-C3.P.05. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 January 2012. Retrieved 18 March 2012.

animatedengines.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

M. Keveney (2000a). "Two Cylinder Stirling Engine". animatedengines.com. Retrieved 18 January 2009.
M. Keveney (2000b). "Single Cylinder Stirling Engine". animatedengines.com. Retrieved 18 January 2009.
"Animated Engines". animatedengines.com. Archived from the original on 11 November 2011.

arxiv.org (Global: 69^th place; English: 59^th place)

Romanelli, Alejandro (2020). "Stirling engine operating at low temperature difference". American Journal of Physics. 88 (4). American Association of Physics Teachers (AAPT): 319–324. arXiv:2003.07157. Bibcode:2020AmJPh..88..319R. doi:10.1119/10.0000832. ISSN 0002-9505. S2CID 212725151.
A. Romanelli (2017). "Alternative thermodynamic cycle for the Stirling machine". American Journal of Physics. 85 (12): 926–931. arXiv:1704.01611. Bibcode:2017AmJPh..85..926R. doi:10.1119/1.5007063. S2CID 119090897.

asme.org (Global: 6,461^st place; English: 4,142^nd place)

A. Nesmith (1985). "A Long, Arduous March Toward Standardization". Smithsonian Magazine. Retrieved 18 January 2009.

bbc.co.uk (Global: 8^th place; English: 10^th place)

news.bbc.co.uk

"Power from the people". BBC News. 31 October 2003. Archived from the original on 1 November 2003. The boiler is based on the Stirling engine, dreamed up by the Scottish inventor Robert Stirling in 1816. [...] The technical name given to this particular use is Micro Combined Heat and Power or Micro CHP.

bbc.com (Global: 20^th place; English: 30^th place)

"World's 'smallest steam engine' built in Germany". BBC News. 12 December 2011. Retrieved 24 May 2025.

bekkoame.ne.jp (Global: low place; English: low place)

K. Hirata (1997). "Schmidt Theory For Stirling Engines". Retrieved 18 January 2009.

cnn.com (Global: 28^th place; English: 26^th place)

edition.cnn.com

Noack, Rick (13 December 2011). "Scientists develop world's smallest steam engine". CNN. Retrieved 24 May 2025.

dekaresearch.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"DEKA Research and Development - Technologies and Applications - Stirling Engines". Archived from the original on 25 November 2012. Retrieved 28 November 2012.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Formosa, Fabien; Fréchette, Luc G. (1 August 2013). "Scaling laws for free piston Stirling engine design: Benefits and challenges of miniaturization". Energy. 57: 796–808. Bibcode:2013Ene....57..796F. doi:10.1016/j.energy.2013.05.009.
B. Kongtragool; S. Wongwises (2003). "A review of solar-powered Stirling engines and low temperature differential Stirling engines". Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 7 (2): 131–154. Bibcode:2003RSERv...7..131K. doi:10.1016/S1364-0321(02)00053-9.
Romanelli, Alejandro (2020). "Stirling engine operating at low temperature difference". American Journal of Physics. 88 (4). American Association of Physics Teachers (AAPT): 319–324. arXiv:2003.07157. Bibcode:2020AmJPh..88..319R. doi:10.1119/10.0000832. ISSN 0002-9505. S2CID 212725151.
A. Romanelli (2017). "Alternative thermodynamic cycle for the Stirling machine". American Journal of Physics. 85 (12): 926–931. arXiv:1704.01611. Bibcode:2017AmJPh..85..926R. doi:10.1119/1.5007063. S2CID 119090897.
A. Romanelli (2024). "Entropy and the Stirling engine". European Journal of Physics. 45 (3): 035102. Bibcode:2024EJPh...45c5102R. doi:10.1088/1361-6404/ad312d.

espacenet.com (Global: 800^th place; English: 676^th place)

v3.espacenet.com

G.M. Benson (1977). "Thermal Oscillators", US patent 4044558 Archived 21 June 2008 at the Wayback Machine. Granted to New Process Ind, 30 August 1977 .

globalmethane.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Dudek, Jerzy; Klimek, Piotr; Kołodziejak, Grzegorz; Niemczewska, Joanna; Zaleska-Bartosz, Joanna (2010). "Landfill Gas Energy Technologies" (PDF). Global Methane Initiative. Instytut Nafty i Gazu / US Environmental Protection Agency. Archived (PDF) from the original on 25 July 2015. Retrieved 24 July 2015.

harvard.edu (Global: 18^th place; English: 17^th place)

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Formosa, Fabien; Fréchette, Luc G. (1 August 2013). "Scaling laws for free piston Stirling engine design: Benefits and challenges of miniaturization". Energy. 57: 796–808. Bibcode:2013Ene....57..796F. doi:10.1016/j.energy.2013.05.009.
B. Kongtragool; S. Wongwises (2003). "A review of solar-powered Stirling engines and low temperature differential Stirling engines". Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 7 (2): 131–154. Bibcode:2003RSERv...7..131K. doi:10.1016/S1364-0321(02)00053-9.
Romanelli, Alejandro (2020). "Stirling engine operating at low temperature difference". American Journal of Physics. 88 (4). American Association of Physics Teachers (AAPT): 319–324. arXiv:2003.07157. Bibcode:2020AmJPh..88..319R. doi:10.1119/10.0000832. ISSN 0002-9505. S2CID 212725151.
A. Romanelli (2017). "Alternative thermodynamic cycle for the Stirling machine". American Journal of Physics. 85 (12): 926–931. arXiv:1704.01611. Bibcode:2017AmJPh..85..926R. doi:10.1119/1.5007063. S2CID 119090897.
A. Romanelli (2024). "Entropy and the Stirling engine". European Journal of Physics. 45 (3): 035102. Bibcode:2024EJPh...45c5102R. doi:10.1088/1361-6404/ad312d.

hotairengines.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"The Hot Air Engine of the 19th Century". hotairengines.org.
"Stirling's 1816 engine". hotairengines.org.
"Amontons Fire Wheel". hotairengines.org.
"Guillaume Amontons | Hot Air Engines". hotairengines.org.
"Cayley 1807 air engine". hotairengines.org.
"The Stirling 1816 hot air engine". hotairengines.org.
"The patent of the Stirling 1816 hot air engine". hotairengines.org.
"The Stirling 1827 air engine". hotairengines.org.
"Parkinson & Crossley hot air engine". hotairengines.org.
"Arnott's air engine". hotairengines.org.
"The Ericsson Caloric Engines". hotairengines.org.
"The Dundee Stirling Engine". hotairengines.org.
"The Stirling Dundee engine patent". hotairengines.org.
"The Dundee Stirling Engine review and discussion". hotairengines.org.
"The 1842 Stirling Engine presented by James Stirling to the Institution of Civil Engineers on June 10th 1845 – Full text and discussion". hotairengines.org.

ingenia.org.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

F. Starr (2001). "Power for the People: Stirling Engines for Domestic CHP" (PDF). Ingenia (8): 27–32. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 March 2009. Retrieved 18 January 2009.

kockums.se (Global: low place; English: low place)

Kockums. "The Stirling Engine: An Engine for the Future". Archived from the original on 30 August 2008. Retrieved 18 January 2009.

localpower.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

WADE. "Stirling Engines". Archived from the original on 18 November 2008. Retrieved 18 January 2009.

makezine.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

MAKE: Magazine (2006). "Two Can Stirling Engine". Retrieved 18 March 2012.

me.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

web.me.com

A.J. Organ (2008a). "1818 and All That". Communicable Insight. Retrieved 18 January 2009.
A.J. Organ (2008b). "Why Air?". Communicable Insight. Archived from the original on 7 December 2008. Retrieved 18 January 2009.

moteurstirling.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

RABALLAND, Thierry (2007). "Etude de faisabilité d'un concept d'étanchéité pour machines volumétriques à pistons oscillants" (PDF). University of Bordeaux (in French): 12–14. Archived (PDF) from the original on 3 December 2008.

mpoweruk.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"The Stirling Engine". mpoweruk.com.

nasa.gov (Global: 75^th place; English: 83^rd place)

ntrs.nasa.gov

W.R. Martini (1983). "Stirling Engine Design Manual (2nd ed)" (17.9 MB PDF). NASA. p. 6. Retrieved 19 January 2009.
L.G. Thieme (June 1981). "High-power baseline and motoring test results for the GPU-3 Stirling engine" (PDF). NASA Technical Report Server. OSTI 6321358. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 May 2010. Retrieved 19 January 2009.
Nightingale, Noel P. (October 1986). "Automotive Stirling Engine: Mod II Design Report" (PDF). NASA Technical Report Server. Archived (PDF) from the original on 29 April 2017.

newfrontiers.larc.nasa.gov

Schimdt, George (13 November 2003). "Radio Isotope Power Systems for the New Frontier. Presentation to New Frontiers Program Pre-proposal Conference" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 June 2006. Retrieved 3 February 2012.

nmri.go.jp (Global: low place; English: low place)

Koichi Hirata (1998). "Design and manufacturing of a prototype engine". National Maritime Research Institute - Japan. Archived from the original on 24 December 2008. Retrieved 18 January 2009.

npr.org (Global: 92^nd place; English: 72^nd place)

Brumfiel, Geoff (3 May 2018). "NASA Tests New Nuclear Reactor For Future Space Travelers". NPR.

nrel.gov (Global: 8,418^th place; English: 5,714^th place)

"Learning about renewable energy". NREL – National Renewable Energy Laboratory. Archived from the original on 2 May 2016. Retrieved 25 April 2016.

osti.gov (Global: 2,036^th place; English: 1,254^th place)

L.G. Thieme (June 1981). "High-power baseline and motoring test results for the GPU-3 Stirling engine" (PDF). NASA Technical Report Server. OSTI 6321358. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 May 2010. Retrieved 19 January 2009.

promci.qc.ca (Global: low place; English: low place)

quasiturbine.promci.qc.ca

Quasiturbine Agence. "Quasiturbine Stirling – Hot Air Engine". Retrieved 18 January 2009.

psu.edu (Global: 207^th place; English: 136^th place)

mac6.ma.psu.edu

Z. Herzog (2008). "Schmidt Analysis". Archived from the original on 26 April 2009. Retrieved 18 January 2009.

semanticscholar.org (Global: 11^th place; English: 8^th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

Romanelli, Alejandro (2020). "Stirling engine operating at low temperature difference". American Journal of Physics. 88 (4). American Association of Physics Teachers (AAPT): 319–324. arXiv:2003.07157. Bibcode:2020AmJPh..88..319R. doi:10.1119/10.0000832. ISSN 0002-9505. S2CID 212725151.
A. Romanelli (2017). "Alternative thermodynamic cycle for the Stirling machine". American Journal of Physics. 85 (12): 926–931. arXiv:1704.01611. Bibcode:2017AmJPh..85..926R. doi:10.1119/1.5007063. S2CID 119090897.

shef.ac.uk (Global: 9,301^st place; English: 6,104^th place)

e-futures.group.shef.ac.uk

"Production of Optimised Metal Foams for Stirling Engine Regenerators" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 May 2014. Retrieved 25 May 2014.

smartplanet.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Mari Silbey. "New alliance could make cable a catalyst for cleaner power". ZDNet.

stirlingbuilder.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Previous Survey Results – StirlingBuilder.com". stirlingbuilder.com. Archived from the original on 26 May 2014.

uspto.gov (Global: 1,459^th place; English: 991^st place)

patimg1.uspto.gov

Ossian Ringbom (of Borgå, Finland) "Hot-air engine" Archived 17 October 2015 at the Wayback Machine U.S. Patent no. 856,102 (filed: 17 July 1905; issued: 4 June 1907).

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

Kockums. "The Stirling Engine: An Engine for the Future". Archived from the original on 30 August 2008. Retrieved 18 January 2009.
"Learning about renewable energy". NREL – National Renewable Energy Laboratory. Archived from the original on 2 May 2016. Retrieved 25 April 2016.
"Power from the people". BBC News. 31 October 2003. Archived from the original on 1 November 2003. The boiler is based on the Stirling engine, dreamed up by the Scottish inventor Robert Stirling in 1816. [...] The technical name given to this particular use is Micro Combined Heat and Power or Micro CHP.
"Previous Survey Results – StirlingBuilder.com". stirlingbuilder.com. Archived from the original on 26 May 2014.
Dudek, Jerzy; Klimek, Piotr; Kołodziejak, Grzegorz; Niemczewska, Joanna; Zaleska-Bartosz, Joanna (2010). "Landfill Gas Energy Technologies" (PDF). Global Methane Initiative. Instytut Nafty i Gazu / US Environmental Protection Agency. Archived (PDF) from the original on 25 July 2015. Retrieved 24 July 2015.
H.W. Brandhorst; J.A. Rodiek (2005). "A 25 kW Solar Stirling Concept for Lunar Surface Exploration" (PDF). In International Astronautics Federation (ed.). Proceedings of the 56th International Astronautical Congress. IAC-05-C3.P.05. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 January 2012. Retrieved 18 March 2012.
"Production of Optimised Metal Foams for Stirling Engine Regenerators" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 May 2014. Retrieved 25 May 2014.
Koichi Hirata (1998). "Design and manufacturing of a prototype engine". National Maritime Research Institute - Japan. Archived from the original on 24 December 2008. Retrieved 18 January 2009.
Ossian Ringbom (of Borgå, Finland) "Hot-air engine" Archived 17 October 2015 at the Wayback Machine U.S. Patent no. 856,102 (filed: 17 July 1905; issued: 4 June 1907).
"Animated Engines". animatedengines.com. Archived from the original on 11 November 2011.
RABALLAND, Thierry (2007). "Etude de faisabilité d'un concept d'étanchéité pour machines volumétriques à pistons oscillants" (PDF). University of Bordeaux (in French): 12–14. Archived (PDF) from the original on 3 December 2008.
G.M. Benson (1977). "Thermal Oscillators", US patent 4044558 Archived 21 June 2008 at the Wayback Machine. Granted to New Process Ind, 30 August 1977 .
"DOUBLE ACTING DISPLACER WITH SEPARATE HOT AND COLD SPACE AND THE HEAT ENGINE WITH A DOUBLE ACTING DISPLACE Archived 14 January 2015 at the Wayback Machine" WO/2012/062231 PCT/CZ2011/000108
Schimdt, George (13 November 2003). "Radio Isotope Power Systems for the New Frontier. Presentation to New Frontiers Program Pre-proposal Conference" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 June 2006. Retrieved 3 February 2012.
"DEKA Research and Development - Technologies and Applications - Stirling Engines". Archived from the original on 25 November 2012. Retrieved 28 November 2012.
A.J. Organ (2008b). "Why Air?". Communicable Insight. Archived from the original on 7 December 2008. Retrieved 18 January 2009.
L.G. Thieme (June 1981). "High-power baseline and motoring test results for the GPU-3 Stirling engine" (PDF). NASA Technical Report Server. OSTI 6321358. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 May 2010. Retrieved 19 January 2009.
F. Starr (2001). "Power for the People: Stirling Engines for Domestic CHP" (PDF). Ingenia (8): 27–32. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 March 2009. Retrieved 18 January 2009.
WADE. "Stirling Engines". Archived from the original on 18 November 2008. Retrieved 18 January 2009.
Z. Herzog (2008). "Schmidt Analysis". Archived from the original on 26 April 2009. Retrieved 18 January 2009.
Nightingale, Noel P. (October 1986). "Automotive Stirling Engine: Mod II Design Report" (PDF). NASA Technical Report Server. Archived (PDF) from the original on 29 April 2017.

wipo.int (Global: 1,462^nd place; English: 1,223^rd place)

patentscope.wipo.int

"DOUBLE ACTING DISPLACER WITH SEPARATE HOT AND COLD SPACE AND THE HEAT ENGINE WITH A DOUBLE ACTING DISPLACE Archived 14 January 2015 at the Wayback Machine" WO/2012/062231 PCT/CZ2011/000108

worldcat.org (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

search.worldcat.org

Romanelli, Alejandro (2020). "Stirling engine operating at low temperature difference". American Journal of Physics. 88 (4). American Association of Physics Teachers (AAPT): 319–324. arXiv:2003.07157. Bibcode:2020AmJPh..88..319R. doi:10.1119/10.0000832. ISSN 0002-9505. S2CID 212725151.

Stirling engine (English Wikipedia)

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