Stone Age (English Wikipedia)

Clark 1970, p. 22 Clark, J. Desmond (1970). The Prehistory of Africa. Ancient People and Places, Volume 72. New York; Washington: Praeger Publishers.
Clark 1970, pp. 18–19 Clark, J. Desmond (1970). The Prehistory of Africa. Ancient People and Places, Volume 72. New York; Washington: Praeger Publishers.

bbc.com

Morelle, Rebecca (20 May 2015). "Oldest tools pre-date first humans". BBC News.

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S.J.S. Cookey (1980). "An Ethnohistorical Reconstruction of Traditional Igbo Society". In Swartz, B.K.; Dumett, Raymond E. (eds.). West African Culture Dynamics: Archaeological and Historical Perspectives. Mouton de Gruyter. p. 329. ISBN 978-90-279-7920-9. Retrieved 3 June 2016.
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britannica.com

"Paleolithic Period | Definition, Dates, & Facts". 7 August 2023.

doi.org

Harmand, Sonia; et al. (21 May 2015). "3.3-million-year-old stone tools from Lomekwi 3, West Turkana, Kenya". Nature. 521 (7552): 310–315. Bibcode:2015Natur.521..310H. doi:10.1038/nature14464. PMID 25993961. S2CID 1207285.
Radivojević, Miljana; Roberts, Benjamin W. (2021). "Early Balkan Metallurgy: Origins, Evolution and Society, 6200–3700 BC". Journal of World Prehistory. 34 (2): 195–278. doi:10.1007/s10963-021-09155-7. S2CID 237005605.
Arnott, D. W. (June 1959). "J. Desmond Clark and Sonia Cole (ed.): Third Pan-African Congress on Prehistory, Livingstone, 1955. xxxix, 440 pp., 7 col. plates. London: Chatto & Windus, 1957. 75s". Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies. 22 (2): 400. doi:10.1017/S0041977X00069135. ISSN 1474-0699. S2CID 162906190.
Toth, Nicholas; Schick, Kathy (2007). "21 Overview of Paleolithic Archaeology". In Henke, H.C. Winfried; Hardt, Thorolf; Tattersall, Ian (eds.). Handbook of Paleoanthropology. Volume. Vol. 3. Berlin; Heidelberg; New York: Springer-Verlag. p. 1944. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-33761-4_64. ISBN 978-3-540-32474-4.
Jean-Paul Raynal; et al. (2010). "Hominid Cave at Thomas Quarry I (Casablanca, Morocco): Recent findings and their context" (PDF). Quaternary International. 223–224 (223–224): 369–382. Bibcode:2010QuInt.223..369R. doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2010.03.011. Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 February 2011.
Dalton, Rex (2 September 2009). "Europe's oldest axes discovered". Nature News. doi:10.1038/news.2009.878.
Giovanni Muttoni; et al. (2009). "Pleistocene magnetochronology of early hominid sites at Ceprano and Fontana Ranuccio, Italy" (PDF). Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 286 (1–2): 255–268. Bibcode:2009E&PSL.286..255M. doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2009.06.032.
Bowler, J.M.; Johnston, H.; Olley, J.M.; Prescott, J.R.; Roberts, R.G.; Shawcross, W.; Spooner, N.A. (2003). "New ages for human occupation and climatic change at Lake Mungo, Australia". Nature. 421 (6925): 837–840. Bibcode:2003Natur.421..837B. doi:10.1038/nature01383. PMID 12594511. S2CID 4365526.
Olley, J.M.; Roberts, R.G.; Yoshida, H.; Bowler, J.M. (2006). "Single-grain optical dating of grave-infill associated with human burials at Lake Mungo, Australia". Quaternary Science Reviews. 25 (19–20): 2469–2474. Bibcode:2006QSRv...25.2469O. doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2005.07.022.
Efraim Lev; Mordechai E. Kislev; Ofer Bar-Yosef (March 2005). "Mousterian vegetal food in Kebara Cave, Mt. Carmel". Journal of Archaeological Science. 32 (3): 475–484. Bibcode:2005JArSc..32..475L. doi:10.1016/j.jas.2004.11.006.
Dolores R. Piperno; Ehud Weiss; Irene Holst; Dani Nadel (5 August 2004). "Processing of wild cereal grains in the Upper Palaeolithic revealed by starch grain analysis" (PDF). Nature. 430 (7000): 670–673. Bibcode:2004Natur.430..670P. doi:10.1038/nature02734. PMID 15295598. S2CID 4431395. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 May 2011.

drustvo-antropologov.si

Ko, Kwang Hyun (2016). "Origins of human intelligence: The chain of tool-making and brain evolution" (PDF). Anthropological Notebooks. 22 (1): 5–22.

finna.fi

KM 11708 Kiuruveden kirves; Esinekuva (in Finnish). Retrieved 21 August 2022 – via finna.fi.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Harmand, Sonia; et al. (21 May 2015). "3.3-million-year-old stone tools from Lomekwi 3, West Turkana, Kenya". Nature. 521 (7552): 310–315. Bibcode:2015Natur.521..310H. doi:10.1038/nature14464. PMID 25993961. S2CID 1207285.
Jean-Paul Raynal; et al. (2010). "Hominid Cave at Thomas Quarry I (Casablanca, Morocco): Recent findings and their context" (PDF). Quaternary International. 223–224 (223–224): 369–382. Bibcode:2010QuInt.223..369R. doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2010.03.011. Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 February 2011.
Giovanni Muttoni; et al. (2009). "Pleistocene magnetochronology of early hominid sites at Ceprano and Fontana Ranuccio, Italy" (PDF). Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 286 (1–2): 255–268. Bibcode:2009E&PSL.286..255M. doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2009.06.032.
Bowler, J.M.; Johnston, H.; Olley, J.M.; Prescott, J.R.; Roberts, R.G.; Shawcross, W.; Spooner, N.A. (2003). "New ages for human occupation and climatic change at Lake Mungo, Australia". Nature. 421 (6925): 837–840. Bibcode:2003Natur.421..837B. doi:10.1038/nature01383. PMID 12594511. S2CID 4365526.
Olley, J.M.; Roberts, R.G.; Yoshida, H.; Bowler, J.M. (2006). "Single-grain optical dating of grave-infill associated with human burials at Lake Mungo, Australia". Quaternary Science Reviews. 25 (19–20): 2469–2474. Bibcode:2006QSRv...25.2469O. doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2005.07.022.
Efraim Lev; Mordechai E. Kislev; Ofer Bar-Yosef (March 2005). "Mousterian vegetal food in Kebara Cave, Mt. Carmel". Journal of Archaeological Science. 32 (3): 475–484. Bibcode:2005JArSc..32..475L. doi:10.1016/j.jas.2004.11.006.
Dolores R. Piperno; Ehud Weiss; Irene Holst; Dani Nadel (5 August 2004). "Processing of wild cereal grains in the Upper Palaeolithic revealed by starch grain analysis" (PDF). Nature. 430 (7000): 670–673. Bibcode:2004Natur.430..670P. doi:10.1038/nature02734. PMID 15295598. S2CID 4431395. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 May 2011.

hindu.com

"Acheulian stone tools discovered near Chennai". The Hindu. 25 March 2011. Archived from the original on 23 August 2011.

history.com

"Stone Age". HISTORY. Retrieved 31 May 2020.

latimes.com

Netburn, Deborah (December 2016). "Chauvet cave: The most accurate timeline yet of who used the cave and when". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 22 December 2016.

mpg.de

eva.mpg.de

Jean-Paul Raynal; et al. (2010). "Hominid Cave at Thomas Quarry I (Casablanca, Morocco): Recent findings and their context" (PDF). Quaternary International. 223–224 (223–224): 369–382. Bibcode:2010QuInt.223..369R. doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2010.03.011. Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 February 2011.

nature.com

Dalton, Rex (2 September 2009). "Europe's oldest axes discovered". Nature News. doi:10.1038/news.2009.878.

nhm.ac.uk

"Oldest tool use and meat-eating revealed | Natural History Museum". 18 August 2010. Archived from the original on 18 August 2010.

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Harmand, Sonia; et al. (21 May 2015). "3.3-million-year-old stone tools from Lomekwi 3, West Turkana, Kenya". Nature. 521 (7552): 310–315. Bibcode:2015Natur.521..310H. doi:10.1038/nature14464. PMID 25993961. S2CID 1207285.
Bowler, J.M.; Johnston, H.; Olley, J.M.; Prescott, J.R.; Roberts, R.G.; Shawcross, W.; Spooner, N.A. (2003). "New ages for human occupation and climatic change at Lake Mungo, Australia". Nature. 421 (6925): 837–840. Bibcode:2003Natur.421..837B. doi:10.1038/nature01383. PMID 12594511. S2CID 4365526.
Dolores R. Piperno; Ehud Weiss; Irene Holst; Dani Nadel (5 August 2004). "Processing of wild cereal grains in the Upper Palaeolithic revealed by starch grain analysis" (PDF). Nature. 430 (7000): 670–673. Bibcode:2004Natur.430..670P. doi:10.1038/nature02734. PMID 15295598. S2CID 4431395. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 May 2011.

nytimes.com

Zimmer, Carl (11 July 2018). "Archaeologists in China Discover the Oldest Stone Tools Outside Africa – Chipped rocks found in western China indicate that human ancestors ventured from Africa earlier than previously believed". The New York Times. Retrieved 13 July 2018.

paleoanthro.org

Belmaker 2006, p. 9 Belmaker, Miriam (March 2006). Community Structure through Time: 'Ubeidiya, a Lower Pleistocene Site as a Case Study (Thesis) (PDF). Paleoanthropology Society. Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 April 2011. Retrieved 19 March 2011.
Belmaker 2006, pp. 119–120 Belmaker, Miriam (March 2006). Community Structure through Time: 'Ubeidiya, a Lower Pleistocene Site as a Case Study (Thesis) (PDF). Paleoanthropology Society. Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 April 2011. Retrieved 19 March 2011.
Belmaker 2006, p. 149 Belmaker, Miriam (March 2006). Community Structure through Time: 'Ubeidiya, a Lower Pleistocene Site as a Case Study (Thesis) (PDF). Paleoanthropology Society. Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 April 2011. Retrieved 19 March 2011.
Belmaker 2006, p. 147 Belmaker, Miriam (March 2006). Community Structure through Time: 'Ubeidiya, a Lower Pleistocene Site as a Case Study (Thesis) (PDF). Paleoanthropology Society. Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 April 2011. Retrieved 19 March 2011.
Belmaker 2006, p. 67 Belmaker, Miriam (March 2006). Community Structure through Time: 'Ubeidiya, a Lower Pleistocene Site as a Case Study (Thesis) (PDF). Paleoanthropology Society. Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 April 2011. Retrieved 19 March 2011.
Belmaker 2006, p. 21 Belmaker, Miriam (March 2006). Community Structure through Time: 'Ubeidiya, a Lower Pleistocene Site as a Case Study (Thesis) (PDF). Paleoanthropology Society. Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 April 2011. Retrieved 19 March 2011.
Belmaker 2006, p. 20 Belmaker, Miriam (March 2006). Community Structure through Time: 'Ubeidiya, a Lower Pleistocene Site as a Case Study (Thesis) (PDF). Paleoanthropology Society. Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 April 2011. Retrieved 19 March 2011.

pnas.org

Anita Quiles, Hélène Valladas, Hervé Bocherens, Emmanuelle Delqué-Kolic, Evelyne Kaltnecker, Johannes van der Plicht, Jean-Jacques Delannoy, Valérie Feruglio, Carole Fritz, Julien Monney, Michel Philippe, Gilles Tosello, Jean Clottes, and Jean-Michel Geneste "A high-precision chronological model for the decorated Upper Paleolithic cave of Chauvet-Pont d'Arc, Ardèche, France" PNAS 2016 113 (17) 4670–4675; published ahead of print 11 April 2016, doi:10.1073/pnas.1523158113 [1]

rutgers.edu

rci.rutgers.edu

Giovanni Muttoni; et al. (2009). "Pleistocene magnetochronology of early hominid sites at Ceprano and Fontana Ranuccio, Italy" (PDF). Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 286 (1–2): 255–268. Bibcode:2009E&PSL.286..255M. doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2009.06.032.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Harmand, Sonia; et al. (21 May 2015). "3.3-million-year-old stone tools from Lomekwi 3, West Turkana, Kenya". Nature. 521 (7552): 310–315. Bibcode:2015Natur.521..310H. doi:10.1038/nature14464. PMID 25993961. S2CID 1207285.
Radivojević, Miljana; Roberts, Benjamin W. (2021). "Early Balkan Metallurgy: Origins, Evolution and Society, 6200–3700 BC". Journal of World Prehistory. 34 (2): 195–278. doi:10.1007/s10963-021-09155-7. S2CID 237005605.
Arnott, D. W. (June 1959). "J. Desmond Clark and Sonia Cole (ed.): Third Pan-African Congress on Prehistory, Livingstone, 1955. xxxix, 440 pp., 7 col. plates. London: Chatto & Windus, 1957. 75s". Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies. 22 (2): 400. doi:10.1017/S0041977X00069135. ISSN 1474-0699. S2CID 162906190.
Bowler, J.M.; Johnston, H.; Olley, J.M.; Prescott, J.R.; Roberts, R.G.; Shawcross, W.; Spooner, N.A. (2003). "New ages for human occupation and climatic change at Lake Mungo, Australia". Nature. 421 (6925): 837–840. Bibcode:2003Natur.421..837B. doi:10.1038/nature01383. PMID 12594511. S2CID 4365526.
Dolores R. Piperno; Ehud Weiss; Irene Holst; Dani Nadel (5 August 2004). "Processing of wild cereal grains in the Upper Palaeolithic revealed by starch grain analysis" (PDF). Nature. 430 (7000): 670–673. Bibcode:2004Natur.430..670P. doi:10.1038/nature02734. PMID 15295598. S2CID 4431395. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 May 2011.

si.edu

humanorigins.si.edu

"Bose, China". What Does It Mean to be Human?. Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History. 28 January 2010.

anthropology.si.edu

Dolores R. Piperno; Ehud Weiss; Irene Holst; Dani Nadel (5 August 2004). "Processing of wild cereal grains in the Upper Palaeolithic revealed by starch grain analysis" (PDF). Nature. 430 (7000): 670–673. Bibcode:2004Natur.430..670P. doi:10.1038/nature02734. PMID 15295598. S2CID 4431395. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 May 2011.

theasa.org

"ASA Statement on the use of 'primitive' as a descriptor of contemporary human groups". ASA News. Association of Social Anthropologists of the UK and Commonwealth. 27 August 2007. Archived from the original on 14 November 2011. Retrieved 31 October 2011.

web.archive.org

"Oldest tool use and meat-eating revealed | Natural History Museum". 18 August 2010. Archived from the original on 18 August 2010.
"ASA Statement on the use of 'primitive' as a descriptor of contemporary human groups". ASA News. Association of Social Anthropologists of the UK and Commonwealth. 27 August 2007. Archived from the original on 14 November 2011. Retrieved 31 October 2011.
"History: Systematic Investigation of the African Later Tertiary and Quaternary". The Wenner-Gren Foundation. Archived from the original on 28 July 2011. Retrieved 3 March 2011.
Jean-Paul Raynal; et al. (2010). "Hominid Cave at Thomas Quarry I (Casablanca, Morocco): Recent findings and their context" (PDF). Quaternary International. 223–224 (223–224): 369–382. Bibcode:2010QuInt.223..369R. doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2010.03.011. Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 February 2011.
Belmaker 2006, p. 9 Belmaker, Miriam (March 2006). Community Structure through Time: 'Ubeidiya, a Lower Pleistocene Site as a Case Study (Thesis) (PDF). Paleoanthropology Society. Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 April 2011. Retrieved 19 March 2011.
Belmaker 2006, pp. 119–120 Belmaker, Miriam (March 2006). Community Structure through Time: 'Ubeidiya, a Lower Pleistocene Site as a Case Study (Thesis) (PDF). Paleoanthropology Society. Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 April 2011. Retrieved 19 March 2011.
Belmaker 2006, p. 149 Belmaker, Miriam (March 2006). Community Structure through Time: 'Ubeidiya, a Lower Pleistocene Site as a Case Study (Thesis) (PDF). Paleoanthropology Society. Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 April 2011. Retrieved 19 March 2011.
Belmaker 2006, p. 147 Belmaker, Miriam (March 2006). Community Structure through Time: 'Ubeidiya, a Lower Pleistocene Site as a Case Study (Thesis) (PDF). Paleoanthropology Society. Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 April 2011. Retrieved 19 March 2011.
Belmaker 2006, p. 67 Belmaker, Miriam (March 2006). Community Structure through Time: 'Ubeidiya, a Lower Pleistocene Site as a Case Study (Thesis) (PDF). Paleoanthropology Society. Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 April 2011. Retrieved 19 March 2011.
Belmaker 2006, p. 21 Belmaker, Miriam (March 2006). Community Structure through Time: 'Ubeidiya, a Lower Pleistocene Site as a Case Study (Thesis) (PDF). Paleoanthropology Society. Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 April 2011. Retrieved 19 March 2011.
Belmaker 2006, p. 20 Belmaker, Miriam (March 2006). Community Structure through Time: 'Ubeidiya, a Lower Pleistocene Site as a Case Study (Thesis) (PDF). Paleoanthropology Society. Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 April 2011. Retrieved 19 March 2011.
"Acheulian stone tools discovered near Chennai". The Hindu. 25 March 2011. Archived from the original on 23 August 2011.
Dolores R. Piperno; Ehud Weiss; Irene Holst; Dani Nadel (5 August 2004). "Processing of wild cereal grains in the Upper Palaeolithic revealed by starch grain analysis" (PDF). Nature. 430 (7000): 670–673. Bibcode:2004Natur.430..670P. doi:10.1038/nature02734. PMID 15295598. S2CID 4431395. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 May 2011.

wennergren.org

"History: Systematic Investigation of the African Later Tertiary and Quaternary". The Wenner-Gren Foundation. Archived from the original on 28 July 2011. Retrieved 3 March 2011.

worldcat.org

Arnott, D. W. (June 1959). "J. Desmond Clark and Sonia Cole (ed.): Third Pan-African Congress on Prehistory, Livingstone, 1955. xxxix, 440 pp., 7 col. plates. London: Chatto & Windus, 1957. 75s". Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies. 22 (2): 400. doi:10.1017/S0041977X00069135. ISSN 1474-0699. S2CID 162906190.

worldhistory.org

Groeneveld, Emma (12 February 2017). "Chauvet Cave". World History Encyclopedia. Retrieved 24 July 2019.