Streaming media (English Wikipedia)

Obringer, Renee; Rachunok, Benjamin; Maia-Silva, Debora; Arbabzadeh, Maryam; Nateghi, Roshanak; Madani, Kaveh (April 2021). "The overlooked environmental footprint of increasing Internet use". Resources, Conservation and Recycling. 167 105389. Bibcode:2021RCR...16705389O. doi:10.1016/j.resconrec.2020.105389. S2CID 233072553.

antmedia.io (Global: low place; English: low place)

"RTSP: The Real-Time Streaming Protocol. What is RTSP and How Does It Work?". antmedia.io. 8 July 2021. Retrieved 6 January 2025.

apnews.com (Global: 101^st place; English: 62^nd place)

Sherman, Maria (10 January 2024). "Music streams hit 4 trillion in 2023. Country and global acts — and Taylor Swift — fueled the growth". AP News. Retrieved 21 November 2024.

bbc.com (Global: 26^th place; English: 23^rd place)

Rajan, Amol (5 August 2020). "TV watching and online streaming surge during lockdown". BBC News. Archived from the original on 24 November 2021. Retrieved 24 November 2021.

biteable.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"What is programmatic video advertising? (And why it's smart to use it)". Biteable. 17 May 2018. Archived from the original on 4 February 2022. Retrieved 4 February 2022.

blitzlift.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Reason, Samuel (6 November 2020). "Music Streaming Actually Existed Back In 1890". blitzlift.com. Archived from the original on 1 December 2020. Retrieved 27 December 2020.

bloomberg.com (Global: 118^th place; English: 85^th place)

Shaw, Lucas (20 September 2016). "The Music Industry Is Finally Making Money on Streaming". Bloomberg.com. Bloomberg L.P. Archived from the original on 22 May 2019. Retrieved 5 January 2017.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

Lee, Jack (2005). Scalable Continuous Media Streaming Systems: Architecture, Design, Analysis and Implementation. John Wiley & Sons. p. 25. ISBN 978-0-470-85764-9.
Buijsman, Stefan (2018). Pluses and Minuses: How Math Solves Our Problems (in Dutch) (English ed.). Amsterdam: Penguin Books. pp. 12–16. ISBN 978-0-14-313458-9.

boyetblog.s3.amazonaws.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

The history of streaming media - PC Plus (PDF). 2012.

broadbandchoices.co.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

Staples, Kim (20 May 2016). "How to watch live TV online: The complete guide". broadbandchoices. Archived from the original on 16 May 2016. Retrieved 1 October 2016.

chicagotribune.com (Global: 143^rd place; English: 80^th place)

Greene, Bob (8 February 1987). "GETTING PERSONAL WITH THE JUKEBOX". Chicago Tribune. Archived from the original on 8 November 2020. Retrieved 27 December 2020.

cisac.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

CISAC (27 October 2021). "CISAC Global Collections Report 2021 (for 2020 Data)". CISAC. Archived from the original on 30 December 2021. Retrieved 30 December 2021.

cisco.com (Global: 5,047^th place; English: 3,553^rd place)

"Cisco Annual Internet Report (2018–2023) White Paper". Cisco. Archived from the original on 7 February 2014. Retrieved 17 September 2020.

cloudflare.com (Global: low place; English: 8,037^th place)

"What is live streaming?". Cloudflare.

cnet.com (Global: 447^th place; English: 345^th place)

news.cnet.com

Lowensohn, Josh (2008). "YouTube to Offer Live Streaming This Year". Archived from the original on 10 August 2011. Retrieved 23 July 2011.

cnn.com (Global: 36^th place; English: 26^th place)

Pallotta, Frank (11 August 2022). "The streaming wars are over". CNN. Archived from the original on 19 August 2022. Retrieved 19 August 2022.

completemusicupdate.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

archive.completemusicupdate.com

"Music consumption at all time high powered by streaming and video apps | Complete Music Update". Retrieved 5 May 2024.

cornell.edu (Global: 308^th place; English: 253^rd place)

law.cornell.edu

"A&M RECORDS, INC. v. NAPSTER, INC., 239 F.3d 1004 (9th Cir. 2001)". law.cornell.edu. Archived from the original on 12 April 2019. Retrieved 11 March 2019.

deadline.com (Global: 19^th place; English: 16^th place)

Oganesyan, Natalie (26 January 2025). "Spotify, Universal Music Group Strike Multi-Year Deal". Deadline. Retrieved 27 January 2025.

deloitte.com (Global: 4,876^th place; English: 4,621^st place)

www2.deloitte.com

"Deloitte study: digital marketing spending is expected to increase by almost 15% until the end of 2021, while traditional advertising will slightly decrease". Deloitte Romania. 29 October 2021. Archived from the original on 4 February 2022. Retrieved 4 February 2022.

digitalconcerthall.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"The Berliner Philharmoniker's Digital Concert Hall". digitalconcerthall.com. Archived from the original on 3 May 2012. Retrieved 3 May 2012.

digitalmusicnews.com (Global: low place; English: 8,966^th place)

"Napster Proves That Streaming Music Can Be Profitable". Digital Music News. 22 August 2018. Archived from the original on 1 March 2020. Retrieved 11 March 2019.

dima.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Digital Media Association Annual Report" (PDF). March 2018. Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 December 2018. Retrieved 11 March 2019.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Patrikakis, Charalampos; Papaoulakis, Nikos; Stefanoudaki, Chryssanthi; Nunes, Mário (2010), "Streaming Content Wars: Download and Play Strikes Back", in Daras, Petros; Ibarra, Oscar Mayora (eds.), User Centric Media, vol. 40, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 218–226, doi:10.1007/978-3-642-12630-7_26, ISBN 978-3-642-12629-1, retrieved 5 May 2024
Fayyoumi, Ebaa; Idwan, Sahar; Muhared, Hiba; Matar, Izzeddin; Rawashdeh, Obaidah (November 2014). "L2CAP-based prototype media streaming via Bluetooth technology". International Journal of Networking and Virtual Organisations. 14 (3): 221. doi:10.1504/IJNVO.2014.065785.
Gelman, A.D.; Halfin, S.; Willinger, W. (1991). "On buffer requirements for store-and-forward video on demand service circuits". IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference GLOBECOM '91: Countdown to the New Millennium. Conference Record. IEEE. pp. 976–980. doi:10.1109/GLOCOM.1991.188525. ISBN 0-87942-697-7. S2CID 61767197.
Tobagi, F.A.; Pang, J. (1993). "StarWorks-a video applications server". Digest of Papers. Compcon Spring. pp. 4–11. doi:10.1109/CMPCON.1993.289623. ISBN 0-8186-3400-6. S2CID 61039780.
Chalaby, Jean K (2024). "The streaming industry and the platform economy: An analysis". Media, Culture & Society. 46 (3): 552–571. doi:10.1177/01634437231210439.
Sripanidkulchai, Kunwadee; Maggs, Bruce; Zhang, Hui (2004). "An analysis of live streaming workloads on the internet". Proceedings of the 4th ACM SIGCOMM conference on Internet measurement. IMC '04. New York, NY, US: ACM. pp. 41–54. doi:10.1145/1028788.1028795. ISBN 978-1-58113-821-4. S2CID 1742312.
Zhao, Hong; Chun-long, Zhou; Bao-zhao, Jin (3 February 2015). "Design and Implementation of Streaming Media Server Cluster Based on FFMpeg". The Scientific World Journal. 2015 963083. doi:10.1155/2015/963083. PMC 4334929. PMID 25734187.
Burroughs, Benjamin; Rugg, Adam (3 July 2014). "Extending the Broadcast: Streaming Culture and the Problems of Digital Geographies". Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media. 58 (3): 365–380. doi:10.1080/08838151.2014.935854. ISSN 0883-8151. S2CID 144577408.
Bertrand, Moullier (2022). "Rights, Camera, Action! Intellectual property rights and the filmmaking process". www.wipo.int. Creative Industries. doi:10.34667/tind.46316. Retrieved 15 May 2025.
David, Stopps (2024). "How to Make a Living from Music". www.wipo.int. doi:10.34667/tind.45019. Retrieved 15 May 2025.
Maeda, Mari (17 March 2001). "OFC'01 Invited Talk the Internet of the Future". Optical Fiber Communication Conference and International Conference on Quantum Information. Optical Society of America. pp. TuK1. doi:10.1364/OFC.2001.TuK1. ISBN 1-55752-654-0. Archived from the original on 18 February 2020. Retrieved 28 July 2019.
Obringer, Renee; Rachunok, Benjamin; Maia-Silva, Debora; Arbabzadeh, Maryam; Nateghi, Roshanak; Madani, Kaveh (April 2021). "The overlooked environmental footprint of increasing Internet use". Resources, Conservation and Recycling. 167 105389. Bibcode:2021RCR...16705389O. doi:10.1016/j.resconrec.2020.105389. S2CID 233072553.

eib.org (Global: 7,617^th place; English: 5,083^rd place)

Rizk, Shirley (21 June 2019). "The myth of the green cloud". European Investment Bank. Archived from the original on 14 April 2021. Retrieved 17 September 2020.

epa.gov (Global: 961^st place; English: 595^th place)

cfpub.epa.gov

"Greenhouse Gas Inventory Data Explorer | US EPA". cfpub.epa.gov. Archived from the original on 9 March 2022. Retrieved 9 March 2022.

forbes.com (Global: 71^st place; English: 54^th place)

Durrani, Ana (27 March 2023). "Top Streaming Statistics In 2024". Forbes Home. Retrieved 28 September 2024.
McIntyre, Hugh. "The Top 10 Streaming Music Services By Number Of Users". Forbes. Archived from the original on 8 November 2019. Retrieved 11 March 2019.
Forrester (27 April 2020). "Q1 2020 Proves Streaming Is Essential To Consumers And To The Future Of Media Companies". Forbes. Archived from the original on 1 November 2020. Retrieved 2 October 2020.

fortune.com (Global: 647^th place; English: 421^st place)

"Ashes to ashes, peer to peer: An oral history of Napster". Fortune. Archived from the original on 9 March 2019. Retrieved 11 March 2019.

fundinguniverse.com (Global: 1,737^th place; English: 1,175^th place)

"RealNetworks Inc". Funding Universe. Archived from the original on 11 July 2011. Retrieved 23 July 2011.

gadgets360.com (Global: low place; English: 8,759^th place)

"Battle of the Streaming Services: Which Is the Best Premium Video Service?". NDTV Gadgets 360. Archived from the original on 17 June 2022. Retrieved 11 May 2020.

ghostarchive.org (Global: 64^th place; English: 28^th place)

Hsu, Tiffany; Tracy, Marc (12 November 2021). "On Podcasts and Radio, Misleading Covid-19 Talk Goes Unchecked". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 28 December 2021. Retrieved 24 November 2021.

gigaom.com (Global: 6,557^th place; English: 4,503^rd place)

Andrews, Robert (12 September 2012). "Streaming media could have larger carbon footprint than plastic discs". gigaom.com. Archived from the original on 3 August 2019. Retrieved 3 August 2019.

gla.ac.uk (Global: 2,504^th place; English: 1,408^th place)

"Music consumption has unintended economic and environmental costs". The University of Glasgow. 8 April 2019. Archived from the original on 3 August 2019. Retrieved 3 August 2019.

google.com (Global: 109^th place; English: 87^th place)

US 1,641,608, "Electrical signaling"

googleblog.com (Global: 3,285^th place; English: 3,286^th place)

youtube-eng.googleblog.com

"YouTube now defaults to HTML5 <video>". YouTube Engineering and Developers Blog. Archived from the original on 10 September 2018. Retrieved 20 February 2018.

hollywoodreporter.com (Global: 30^th place; English: 22^nd place)

Huston, Caitlin (26 September 2023). "Netflix, Max, Disney and More Form Streaming Industry Trade Alliance". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on 26 September 2023. Retrieved 26 September 2023.

howtogeek.com (Global: 8,729^th place; English: 6,329^th place)

Brookes, Tim (30 March 2023). "No Plex App, No Problem: Using Plex as a DLNA/UPnP Server". How-To Geek. Retrieved 5 May 2024.

iea.org (Global: 3,027^th place; English: 2,709^th place)

"The carbon footprint of streaming video: fact-checking the headlines – Analysis". IEA. 11 December 2020. Archived from the original on 21 March 2022. Retrieved 9 March 2022.

ifpi.org (Global: 4,415^th place; English: 3,566^th place)

"Global Music Report 2018: Annual State of the Industry" (PDF). GMR. 2017. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 July 2020. Retrieved 12 March 2019.
"IFPI issues Global Music Report 2021: Global recorded music revenues grow 7.4%". IFPI.org. 23 March 2021. Archived from the original on 25 March 2021. Retrieved 30 December 2021.

inxpo.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

web.inxpo.com

Kellner, Scott (28 February 2013). "The Future of Webcasting". INXPO. Archived from the original on 3 July 2013. Retrieved 15 May 2013.

istreamplanet.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Streaming the London Olympic Games with the 'Go Live Package' from iStreamPlanet and Haivision". iStreamPlanet. Archived from the original on 1 January 2016. Retrieved 11 November 2015.

latimes.com (Global: 32^nd place; English: 21^st place)

Bradley-Steck, Tara (4 September 1988). "Complex Link-Up of Phone Lines, Old Phonograph Records: 'Human Jukebox' Spins Sounds for the Heart". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 25 January 2021. Retrieved 27 December 2020.
Faughnder, Ryan (18 March 2021). "Streaming milestone: Global subscriptions passed 1 billion last year". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 9 December 2024.

lifewire.com (Global: low place; English: 8,195^th place)

Harris, Mark. "The History of Napster: Yes, It's Still Around". Lifewire. Archived from the original on 15 March 2019. Retrieved 11 March 2019.

manifest-tech.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Connected Digital Home". manifest-tech.com. Retrieved 27 October 2023.

mariahpedia.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Decoding Artist Compensation: Streaming 2024". 7 February 2024.

nasa.gov (Global: 12^th place; English: 73^rd place)

eol.jsc.nasa.gov

"ISS High Definition Live Streaming Video of the Earth (HDEV)". Earth Science & Remote Sensing Unit. NASA. Archived from the original on 8 December 2016. Retrieved 26 December 2016.

nbcnews.com (Global: 156^th place; English: 101^st place)

"Redbox set to close as DVD market withers in streaming's shadow". NBC News. 11 July 2024. Retrieved 9 December 2024.

nih.gov (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Zhao, Hong; Chun-long, Zhou; Bao-zhao, Jin (3 February 2015). "Design and Implementation of Streaming Media Server Cluster Based on FFMpeg". The Scientific World Journal. 2015 963083. doi:10.1155/2015/963083. PMC 4334929. PMID 25734187.

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Zhao, Hong; Chun-long, Zhou; Bao-zhao, Jin (3 February 2015). "Design and Implementation of Streaming Media Server Cluster Based on FFMpeg". The Scientific World Journal. 2015 963083. doi:10.1155/2015/963083. PMC 4334929. PMID 25734187.

nytimes.com (Global: 7^th place; English: 7^th place)

Steel, Emily (26 July 2015). "Netflix Refines Its DVD Business, Even as Streaming Unit Booms". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 21 June 2017. Retrieved 4 November 2019.
Strauss, Neil (18 February 2002). "Record Labels' Answer to Napster Still Has Artists Feeling Bypassed". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 23 March 2019. Retrieved 11 March 2019.
Ovide, Shira (22 March 2021). "Streaming Saved Music. Artists Hate It. (Published 2021)". The New York Times. Retrieved 9 December 2024.
Zhang, Christine; Barnes, Brooks (3 September 2025). "Behind the Numbers: How Hollywood Missed Its Mark This Summer". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 3 September 2025. Source: Box Office Mojo. Notes: Summer is the first Friday in May through Labor Day weekend. Amounts are adjusted for inflation.
Lee, Edmund (21 April 2020). "Everyone You Know Just Signed Up for Netflix". New York Times.
Hsu, Tiffany; Tracy, Marc (12 November 2021). "On Podcasts and Radio, Misleading Covid-19 Talk Goes Unchecked". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 28 December 2021. Retrieved 24 November 2021.

osapublishing.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Maeda, Mari (17 March 2001). "OFC'01 Invited Talk the Internet of the Future". Optical Fiber Communication Conference and International Conference on Quantum Information. Optical Society of America. pp. TuK1. doi:10.1364/OFC.2001.TuK1. ISBN 1-55752-654-0. Archived from the original on 18 February 2020. Retrieved 28 July 2019.

paramount.com (Global: low place; English: 9,127^th place)

"Why the Streaming Wars Will Change the TV Industry Forever | Paramount". www.paramount.com. Retrieved 9 December 2024.

pittsburghmagazine.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Furness, Zack (17 October 2019). "Did You Know Music Streaming Has Roots in Pittsburgh?". pittsburghmagazine.com. Archived from the original on 4 February 2021. Retrieved 27 December 2020.

qnap.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

docs.qnap.com

"Enabling and configuring DLNA media server". docs.qnap.com. Retrieved 27 October 2023.

riaa.com (Global: 153^rd place; English: 109^th place)

"News and Notes on 2015 RIAA Shipment and Revenue Statistics" (PDF). Recording Industry Association of America. Archived (PDF) from the original on 6 June 2019. Retrieved 5 January 2017.

robertchristgau.com (Global: 836^th place; English: 449^th place)

Christgau, Robert (20 November 2018). "Xgau Sez". robertchristgau.com. Archived from the original on 26 July 2018. Retrieved 21 November 2018.

rollingstone.com (Global: 57^th place; English: 39^th place)

Blistein, Jon (23 May 2019). "Is Streaming Music Dangerous to the Environment? One Researcher Is Sounding the Alarm". Rolling Stone. Retrieved 3 August 2019.

sciencedaily.com (Global: 1,390^th place; English: 1,286^th place)

"Turn off that camera during virtual meetings, environmental study says: Simple tips to go green with your internet use during a pandemic". ScienceDaily. Archived from the original on 17 January 2021. Retrieved 16 January 2021.

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

Gelman, A.D.; Halfin, S.; Willinger, W. (1991). "On buffer requirements for store-and-forward video on demand service circuits". IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference GLOBECOM '91: Countdown to the New Millennium. Conference Record. IEEE. pp. 976–980. doi:10.1109/GLOCOM.1991.188525. ISBN 0-87942-697-7. S2CID 61767197.
Tobagi, F.A.; Pang, J. (1993). "StarWorks-a video applications server". Digest of Papers. Compcon Spring. pp. 4–11. doi:10.1109/CMPCON.1993.289623. ISBN 0-8186-3400-6. S2CID 61039780.
Sripanidkulchai, Kunwadee; Maggs, Bruce; Zhang, Hui (2004). "An analysis of live streaming workloads on the internet". Proceedings of the 4th ACM SIGCOMM conference on Internet measurement. IMC '04. New York, NY, US: ACM. pp. 41–54. doi:10.1145/1028788.1028795. ISBN 978-1-58113-821-4. S2CID 1742312.
Burroughs, Benjamin; Rugg, Adam (3 July 2014). "Extending the Broadcast: Streaming Culture and the Problems of Digital Geographies". Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media. 58 (3): 365–380. doi:10.1080/08838151.2014.935854. ISSN 0883-8151. S2CID 144577408.
Obringer, Renee; Rachunok, Benjamin; Maia-Silva, Debora; Arbabzadeh, Maryam; Nateghi, Roshanak; Madani, Kaveh (April 2021). "The overlooked environmental footprint of increasing Internet use". Resources, Conservation and Recycling. 167 105389. Bibcode:2021RCR...16705389O. doi:10.1016/j.resconrec.2020.105389. S2CID 233072553.

sfgate.com (Global: 248^th place; English: 142^nd place)

blog.sfgate.com

Evangelista, Benny (31 May 2009). "An interview with Napster's Shawn Fanning". The Technology Chronicles. Archived from the original on 21 May 2021. Retrieved 11 March 2019.

slate.com (Global: 409^th place; English: 260^th place)

Bonnington, Christina (12 April 2018). "Even Ikea Has a Connected Speaker Now". Slate. ISSN 1091-2339. Retrieved 5 May 2024.

sony-europe.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

campaign.odw.sony-europe.com

"DLNA Network Guide" (PDF). Retrieved 21 August 2024.

springer.com (Global: 182^nd place; English: 172^nd place)

link.springer.com

Patrikakis, Charalampos; Papaoulakis, Nikos; Stefanoudaki, Chryssanthi; Nunes, Mário (2010), "Streaming Content Wars: Download and Play Strikes Back", in Daras, Petros; Ibarra, Oscar Mayora (eds.), User Centric Media, vol. 40, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 218–226, doi:10.1007/978-3-642-12630-7_26, ISBN 978-3-642-12629-1, retrieved 5 May 2024

stanford.edu (Global: 194^th place; English: 182^nd place)

cs.stanford.edu

"The Ethics of Anonymous Computing: Napster". cs.stanford.edu. Retrieved 21 September 2023.

theconversation.com (Global: 840^th place; English: 594^th place)

McKay, Deirdre; George, Sharon (10 January 2019). "The environmental impact of music: digital, records, CDs analysed". The Conversation. Archived from the original on 3 August 2019. Retrieved 3 August 2019.

thefreelibrary.com (Global: 686^th place; English: 383^rd place)

"Starlight Networks and Hughes Network Systems". Archived from the original on 2 April 2019. Retrieved 10 May 2017.

theverge.com (Global: 208^th place; English: 158^th place)

"Streaming Wars". The Verge. Archived from the original on 6 December 2019. Retrieved 1 December 2019.
Cranz, Alex (14 December 2022). "The golden age of the streaming wars has ended". The Verge. Archived from the original on 29 December 2022. Retrieved 29 December 2022.
Davis, Wes (26 September 2023). "Streaming giants have banded together for lobbying power". The Verge. Archived from the original on 26 September 2023. Retrieved 26 September 2023.

tomsguide.com (Global: 5,283^rd place; English: 3,609^th place)

Anthony, Spadafora (18 October 2022). "How Much Internet Speed Should You Really Pay For?". Tom's Guide.

twitch.tv (Global: 7,793^rd place; English: 6,771^st place)

help.twitch.tv

"Videos On Demand". Twitch. Archived from the original on 15 December 2018. Retrieved 8 May 2017.

ustream.tv (Global: low place; English: low place)

"ISS HD Earth Viewing Experiment". IBM Video Streaming. Archived from the original on 29 December 2016. Retrieved 26 December 2016.

videolectures.net (Global: low place; English: low place)

A typical one-hour video lecture is the following live stream from an international conference on financial crises: Stanley, Eugene (2008). "Applications of Statistical Physics to Understanding Complex Systems". Videolectures. Archived from the original on 28 May 2019.

washingtontimes.com (Global: 1,359^th place; English: 789^th place)

"Streaming made more revenue for music industry in 2015 than digital downloads, physical sales". The Washington Times. Archived from the original on 5 January 2017. Retrieved 5 January 2017.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

"Streaming Wars". The Verge. Archived from the original on 6 December 2019. Retrieved 1 December 2019.
Reason, Samuel (6 November 2020). "Music Streaming Actually Existed Back In 1890". blitzlift.com. Archived from the original on 1 December 2020. Retrieved 27 December 2020.
Greene, Bob (8 February 1987). "GETTING PERSONAL WITH THE JUKEBOX". Chicago Tribune. Archived from the original on 8 November 2020. Retrieved 27 December 2020.
Furness, Zack (17 October 2019). "Did You Know Music Streaming Has Roots in Pittsburgh?". pittsburghmagazine.com. Archived from the original on 4 February 2021. Retrieved 27 December 2020.
Bradley-Steck, Tara (4 September 1988). "Complex Link-Up of Phone Lines, Old Phonograph Records: 'Human Jukebox' Spins Sounds for the Heart". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 25 January 2021. Retrieved 27 December 2020.
"History of the Internet Pt. 1 – The First Live Stream" Archived 29 January 2019 at the Wayback Machine. Via YouTube. Internet Archive – Stream Division. 5 April 2017. Retrieved 13 January 2018.
"RealNetworks Inc". Funding Universe. Archived from the original on 11 July 2011. Retrieved 23 July 2011.
"Starlight Networks and Hughes Network Systems". Archived from the original on 2 April 2019. Retrieved 10 May 2017.
"YouTube now defaults to HTML5 <video>". YouTube Engineering and Developers Blog. Archived from the original on 10 September 2018. Retrieved 20 February 2018.
Lowensohn, Josh (2008). "YouTube to Offer Live Streaming This Year". Archived from the original on 10 August 2011. Retrieved 23 July 2011.
"YouTube Video Speed History". Archived from the original on 26 April 2012. Retrieved 30 April 2012 – via YouTube.
"News and Notes on 2015 RIAA Shipment and Revenue Statistics" (PDF). Recording Industry Association of America. Archived (PDF) from the original on 6 June 2019. Retrieved 5 January 2017.
"Streaming made more revenue for music industry in 2015 than digital downloads, physical sales". The Washington Times. Archived from the original on 5 January 2017. Retrieved 5 January 2017.
Shaw, Lucas (20 September 2016). "The Music Industry Is Finally Making Money on Streaming". Bloomberg.com. Bloomberg L.P. Archived from the original on 22 May 2019. Retrieved 5 January 2017.
Pallotta, Frank (11 August 2022). "The streaming wars are over". CNN. Archived from the original on 19 August 2022. Retrieved 19 August 2022.
Cranz, Alex (14 December 2022). "The golden age of the streaming wars has ended". The Verge. Archived from the original on 29 December 2022. Retrieved 29 December 2022.
Huston, Caitlin (26 September 2023). "Netflix, Max, Disney and More Form Streaming Industry Trade Alliance". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on 26 September 2023. Retrieved 26 September 2023.
Davis, Wes (26 September 2023). "Streaming giants have banded together for lobbying power". The Verge. Archived from the original on 26 September 2023. Retrieved 26 September 2023.
Christgau, Robert (20 November 2018). "Xgau Sez". robertchristgau.com. Archived from the original on 26 July 2018. Retrieved 21 November 2018.
Kellner, Scott (28 February 2013). "The Future of Webcasting". INXPO. Archived from the original on 3 July 2013. Retrieved 15 May 2013.
Steel, Emily (26 July 2015). "Netflix Refines Its DVD Business, Even as Streaming Unit Booms". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 21 June 2017. Retrieved 4 November 2019.
"Ashes to ashes, peer to peer: An oral history of Napster". Fortune. Archived from the original on 9 March 2019. Retrieved 11 March 2019.
Evangelista, Benny (31 May 2009). "An interview with Napster's Shawn Fanning". The Technology Chronicles. Archived from the original on 21 May 2021. Retrieved 11 March 2019.
Harris, Mark. "The History of Napster: Yes, It's Still Around". Lifewire. Archived from the original on 15 March 2019. Retrieved 11 March 2019.
Strauss, Neil (18 February 2002). "Record Labels' Answer to Napster Still Has Artists Feeling Bypassed". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 23 March 2019. Retrieved 11 March 2019.
"Case Study: A&M Records, Inc. v. Napster, Inc. – Blog | @WashULaw". onlinelaw.wustl.edu. 1 August 2013. Archived from the original on 31 May 2020. Retrieved 11 March 2019.
"A&M RECORDS, INC. v. NAPSTER, INC., 239 F.3d 1004 (9th Cir. 2001)". law.cornell.edu. Archived from the original on 12 April 2019. Retrieved 11 March 2019.
"Digital Media Association Annual Report" (PDF). March 2018. Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 December 2018. Retrieved 11 March 2019.
"Battle of the Streaming Services: Which Is the Best Premium Video Service?". NDTV Gadgets 360. Archived from the original on 17 June 2022. Retrieved 11 May 2020.
McIntyre, Hugh. "The Top 10 Streaming Music Services By Number Of Users". Forbes. Archived from the original on 8 November 2019. Retrieved 11 March 2019.
"Napster Proves That Streaming Music Can Be Profitable". Digital Music News. 22 August 2018. Archived from the original on 1 March 2020. Retrieved 11 March 2019.
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wipo.int (Global: 1,556^th place; English: 1,531^st place)

wipo.int

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wired.com (Global: 254^th place; English: 178^th place)

Sullivan, Jennifer. "Revived RealNetworks Buys Xing". Wired. ISSN 1059-1028. Retrieved 5 October 2022.

worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

search.worldcat.org

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wustl.edu (Global: 3,400^th place; English: 2,101^st place)

onlinelaw.wustl.edu

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youtube.com (Global: 13^th place; English: 14^th place)

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Streaming media (English Wikipedia)

adsabs.harvard.edu (Global: 14th place; English: 9th place)

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

antmedia.io (Global: low place; English: low place)

apnews.com (Global: 101st place; English: 62nd place)

bbc.com (Global: 26th place; English: 23rd place)

biteable.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

blitzlift.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

bloomberg.com (Global: 118th place; English: 85th place)

books.google.com (Global: 3rd place; English: 3rd place)

boyetblog.s3.amazonaws.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

broadbandchoices.co.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

chicagotribune.com (Global: 143rd place; English: 80th place)

cisac.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

cisco.com (Global: 5,047th place; English: 3,553rd place)

cloudflare.com (Global: low place; English: 8,037th place)

cnet.com (Global: 447th place; English: 345th place)

news.cnet.com

cnn.com (Global: 36th place; English: 26th place)

completemusicupdate.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

archive.completemusicupdate.com

cornell.edu (Global: 308th place; English: 253rd place)

law.cornell.edu

deadline.com (Global: 19th place; English: 16th place)

deloitte.com (Global: 4,876th place; English: 4,621st place)

www2.deloitte.com

digitalconcerthall.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

digitalmusicnews.com (Global: low place; English: 8,966th place)

dima.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

doi.org (Global: 2nd place; English: 2nd place)

eib.org (Global: 7,617th place; English: 5,083rd place)

epa.gov (Global: 961st place; English: 595th place)

cfpub.epa.gov

forbes.com (Global: 71st place; English: 54th place)

fortune.com (Global: 647th place; English: 421st place)

fundinguniverse.com (Global: 1,737th place; English: 1,175th place)

gadgets360.com (Global: low place; English: 8,759th place)

ghostarchive.org (Global: 64th place; English: 28th place)

gigaom.com (Global: 6,557th place; English: 4,503rd place)

gla.ac.uk (Global: 2,504th place; English: 1,408th place)

google.com (Global: 109th place; English: 87th place)

googleblog.com (Global: 3,285th place; English: 3,286th place)

youtube-eng.googleblog.com

hollywoodreporter.com (Global: 30th place; English: 22nd place)

howtogeek.com (Global: 8,729th place; English: 6,329th place)

iea.org (Global: 3,027th place; English: 2,709th place)

ifpi.org (Global: 4,415th place; English: 3,566th place)

inxpo.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

web.inxpo.com

istreamplanet.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

latimes.com (Global: 32nd place; English: 21st place)

lifewire.com (Global: low place; English: 8,195th place)

manifest-tech.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

mariahpedia.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

nasa.gov (Global: 12th place; English: 73rd place)

eol.jsc.nasa.gov

nbcnews.com (Global: 156th place; English: 101st place)

nih.gov (Global: 5th place; English: 5th place)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

nytimes.com (Global: 7th place; English: 7th place)

osapublishing.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

paramount.com (Global: low place; English: 9,127th place)

pittsburghmagazine.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

qnap.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

docs.qnap.com

riaa.com (Global: 153rd place; English: 109th place)

robertchristgau.com (Global: 836th place; English: 449th place)

rollingstone.com (Global: 57th place; English: 39th place)

sciencedaily.com (Global: 1,390th place; English: 1,286th place)

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15th place; English: 8th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

sfgate.com (Global: 248th place; English: 142nd place)

blog.sfgate.com

slate.com (Global: 409th place; English: 260th place)

sony-europe.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

campaign.odw.sony-europe.com

springer.com (Global: 182nd place; English: 172nd place)

link.springer.com

stanford.edu (Global: 194th place; English: 182nd place)

adsabs.harvard.edu (Global: 14^th place; English: 9^th place)

apnews.com (Global: 101^st place; English: 62^nd place)

bbc.com (Global: 26^th place; English: 23^rd place)

bloomberg.com (Global: 118^th place; English: 85^th place)

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

chicagotribune.com (Global: 143^rd place; English: 80^th place)

cisco.com (Global: 5,047^th place; English: 3,553^rd place)

cloudflare.com (Global: low place; English: 8,037^th place)

cnet.com (Global: 447^th place; English: 345^th place)

cnn.com (Global: 36^th place; English: 26^th place)

cornell.edu (Global: 308^th place; English: 253^rd place)

deadline.com (Global: 19^th place; English: 16^th place)

deloitte.com (Global: 4,876^th place; English: 4,621^st place)

digitalmusicnews.com (Global: low place; English: 8,966^th place)

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

eib.org (Global: 7,617^th place; English: 5,083^rd place)

epa.gov (Global: 961^st place; English: 595^th place)

forbes.com (Global: 71^st place; English: 54^th place)

fortune.com (Global: 647^th place; English: 421^st place)

fundinguniverse.com (Global: 1,737^th place; English: 1,175^th place)

gadgets360.com (Global: low place; English: 8,759^th place)

ghostarchive.org (Global: 64^th place; English: 28^th place)

gigaom.com (Global: 6,557^th place; English: 4,503^rd place)

gla.ac.uk (Global: 2,504^th place; English: 1,408^th place)

google.com (Global: 109^th place; English: 87^th place)

googleblog.com (Global: 3,285^th place; English: 3,286^th place)

hollywoodreporter.com (Global: 30^th place; English: 22^nd place)

howtogeek.com (Global: 8,729^th place; English: 6,329^th place)

iea.org (Global: 3,027^th place; English: 2,709^th place)

ifpi.org (Global: 4,415^th place; English: 3,566^th place)

latimes.com (Global: 32^nd place; English: 21^st place)

lifewire.com (Global: low place; English: 8,195^th place)

nasa.gov (Global: 12^th place; English: 73^rd place)

nbcnews.com (Global: 156^th place; English: 101^st place)

nih.gov (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

nytimes.com (Global: 7^th place; English: 7^th place)

paramount.com (Global: low place; English: 9,127^th place)

riaa.com (Global: 153^rd place; English: 109^th place)

robertchristgau.com (Global: 836^th place; English: 449^th place)

rollingstone.com (Global: 57^th place; English: 39^th place)

sciencedaily.com (Global: 1,390^th place; English: 1,286^th place)

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)

sfgate.com (Global: 248^th place; English: 142^nd place)

slate.com (Global: 409^th place; English: 260^th place)

springer.com (Global: 182^nd place; English: 172^nd place)

stanford.edu (Global: 194^th place; English: 182^nd place)

theconversation.com (Global: 840^th place; English: 594^th place)

thefreelibrary.com (Global: 686^th place; English: 383^rd place)

theverge.com (Global: 208^th place; English: 158^th place)

tomsguide.com (Global: 5,283^rd place; English: 3,609^th place)

twitch.tv (Global: 7,793^rd place; English: 6,771^st place)

washingtontimes.com (Global: 1,359^th place; English: 789^th place)

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

wipo.int (Global: 1,556^th place; English: 1,531^st place)

wired.com (Global: 254^th place; English: 178^th place)

worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

wustl.edu (Global: 3,400^th place; English: 2,101^st place)

youtube.com (Global: 13^th place; English: 14^th place)