Suibne mac Cináeda (English Wikipedia)

Charles-Edwards (2013) p. 573; Flanagan (2010) p. 231 n. 196; Clancy (2008) p. 28; Downham (2007) p. 171; Duffy (2006) pp. 56–57; Forte; Oram; Pedersen (2005) p. 229; Hudson (2005) pp. 129, 138; Duffy (2002) pp. 53–54; Etchingham (2001) p. 160; Oram, RD (2000) p. 17; Duffy (1992) pp. 98–99; Anderson (1922) pp. 590–592 n. 2; Waitz (1844) p. 559. Charles-Edwards, TM (2013). Wales and the Britons, 350–1064. The History of Wales. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-821731-2. Flanagan, MT (2010). The Transformation of the Irish Church in the Twelfth and Thirteenth Centuries. Studies in Celtic History. Woodbridge: The Boydell Press. ISBN 978-1-84383-597-4. ISSN 0261-9865. Clancy, TO (2008). "The Gall-Ghàidheil and Galloway" (PDF). The Journal of Scottish Name Studies. 2: 19–51. ISSN 2054-9385. Downham, C (2007). Viking Kings of Britain and Ireland: The Dynasty of Ívarr to A.D. 1014. Edinburgh: Dunedin Academic Press. ISBN 978-1-903765-89-0. Duffy, S (2006). "The Royal Dynasties of Dublin and the Isles in the Eleventh Century". In Duffy, S (ed.). Medieval Dublin. Vol. 7. Dublin: Four Courts Press. pp. 51–65. ISBN 1-85182-974-1. Hudson, BT (2005). Viking Pirates and Christian Princes: Dynasty, Religion, and Empire in the North Atlantic. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-516237-0. Duffy, S (2002). "Emerging from the Mist: Ireland and Man in the Eleventh Century" (PDF). In Davey, P; Finlayson, D; Thomlinson, P (eds.). Mannin Revisited: Twelve Essays on Manx Culture and Environment. Edinburgh: The Scottish Society for Northern Studies. pp. 53–61. ISBN 0-9535226-2-8. Etchingham, C (2001). "North Wales, Ireland and the Isles: the Insular Viking Zone". Peritia. 15: 145–187. doi:10.1484/J.Peri.3.434. eISSN 2034-6506. ISSN 0332-1592. Oram, RD (2000). The Lordship of Galloway. Edinburgh: John Donald. ISBN 0-85976-541-5. Duffy, S (1992). "Irishmen and Islesmen in the Kingdoms of Dublin and Man, 1052–1171". Ériu. 43: 93–133. eISSN 2009-0056. ISSN 0332-0758. JSTOR 30007421. Waitz, G (1844). "Mariani Scotti Chronicon". In Pertz, GH (ed.). Monvmenta Germaniae Historica. Scriptores. Hanover: Hahn. pp. 481–568.

cam.ac.uk

repository.cam.ac.uk

Broun (2015b); Edmonds (2014) pp. 209, 214; Taylor (2006) p. 26; Broun (2004c); Broun (2004d) pp. 134, 139 n. 117; Kapelle (1979) p. 38. Broun, D (2015b) [1997]. "Strathclyde, Kingdom of". In Crowcroft, R; Cannon, J (eds.). The Oxford Companion to British History (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acref/9780199677832.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-967783-2 – via Oxford Reference. Edmonds, F (2014). "The Emergence and Transformation of Medieval Cumbria". Scottish Historical Review. 93 (2): 195–216. doi:10.3366/shr.2014.0216. eISSN 1750-0222. ISSN 0036-9241. Taylor, S (2006). "The Early History and Languages of West Dunbartonshire". In Brown, I (ed.). Changing Identities, Ancient Roots: The History of West Dunbartonshire From Earliest Times. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. pp. 12–41. ISBN 978-0-7486-2561-1. Broun, D (2004c). "Malcolm II (d. 1034)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/17858. Retrieved 24 October 2011. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.) Broun, D (2004d). "The Welsh Identity of the Kingdom of Strathclyde c.900–c.1200". The Innes Review. 55 (2): 111–180. doi:10.3366/inr.2004.55.2.111. eISSN 1745-5219. ISSN 0020-157X. Kapelle, WE (1979). The Norman Conquest of the North: The Region and its Transformation, 1000–1135. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 0-8078-1371-0.
Edmonds (2014) p. 210, 210 n. 88; Clarkson (2010) ch. 9; The Annals of Tigernach (2010) § 1030.11; Woolf (2007) p. 254; Annals of Tigernach (2005) § 1030.11; Broun (2004d) pp. 136–137. Edmonds, F (2014). "The Emergence and Transformation of Medieval Cumbria". Scottish Historical Review. 93 (2): 195–216. doi:10.3366/shr.2014.0216. eISSN 1750-0222. ISSN 0036-9241. Clarkson, T (2010). The Men of the North: The Britons and Southern Scotland (EPUB). Edinburgh: John Donald. ISBN 978-1-907909-02-3. "The Annals of Tigernach". Corpus of Electronic Texts (2 November 2010 ed.). University College Cork. 2010. Retrieved 12 October 2015. Woolf, A (2007). From Pictland to Alba, 789–1070. The New Edinburgh History of Scotland. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 978-0-7486-1233-8. "Annals of Tigernach". Corpus of Electronic Texts (13 April 2005 ed.). University College Cork. 2005. Retrieved 12 October 2015. Broun, D (2004d). "The Welsh Identity of the Kingdom of Strathclyde c.900–c.1200". The Innes Review. 55 (2): 111–180. doi:10.3366/inr.2004.55.2.111. eISSN 1745-5219. ISSN 0020-157X.
Edmonds (2014) pp. 207–208, 208 n. 69; Book of Leinster (2012) §§ 24980–24985. Edmonds, F (2014). "The Emergence and Transformation of Medieval Cumbria". Scottish Historical Review. 93 (2): 195–216. doi:10.3366/shr.2014.0216. eISSN 1750-0222. ISSN 0036-9241. "Book of Leinster, Formerly Lebar na Núachongbála". Corpus of Electronic Texts (14 February 2012 ed.). University College Cork. 2012. Retrieved 20 October 2015.
Edmonds (2014) p. 209; Minard (2012); Minard (2006); Arnold (1885) p. 156 ch. 130; Stevenson (1855) p. 527, 527 n. 4. Edmonds, F (2014). "The Emergence and Transformation of Medieval Cumbria". Scottish Historical Review. 93 (2): 195–216. doi:10.3366/shr.2014.0216. eISSN 1750-0222. ISSN 0036-9241. Minard, A (2012). "Cumbria". In Koch, JT; Minard, A (eds.). The Celts: History, Life, and Culture. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO. pp. 234–235. ISBN 978-1-59884-964-6. Minard, A (2006). "Cumbria". In Koch, JT (ed.). Celtic Culture: A Historical Encyclopedia. Vol. 2. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO. pp. 514–515. ISBN 1-85109-445-8. Arnold, T, ed. (1885). Symeonis Monachi Opera Omnia. Rerum Britannicarum Medii Ævi Scriptores. Vol. 2. London: Longmans & Co. Stevenson, J, ed. (1855). The Church Historians of England. Vol. 3, pt. 2. London: Seeleys. OL 7055940M.

clanntuirc.co.uk

Wadden (2016); Clancy (2008); Downham (2007); Broun (2004d); Woolf (2004); MacQueen (2003). Wadden, P (2016). "Dál Riata c. 1000: Genealogies and Irish Sea Politics". Scottish Historical Review. 95 (2): 164–181. doi:10.3366/shr.2016.0294. eISSN 1750-0222. ISSN 0036-9241. Clancy, TO (2008). "The Gall-Ghàidheil and Galloway" (PDF). The Journal of Scottish Name Studies. 2: 19–51. ISSN 2054-9385. Downham, C (2007). Viking Kings of Britain and Ireland: The Dynasty of Ívarr to A.D. 1014. Edinburgh: Dunedin Academic Press. ISBN 978-1-903765-89-0. Broun, D (2004d). "The Welsh Identity of the Kingdom of Strathclyde c.900–c.1200". The Innes Review. 55 (2): 111–180. doi:10.3366/inr.2004.55.2.111. eISSN 1745-5219. ISSN 0020-157X. Woolf, A (2004). "The Age of Sea-Kings, 900–1300". In Omand, D (ed.). The Argyll Book. Edinburgh: Birlinn. pp. 94–109. ISBN 1-84158-253-0. MacQueen, HL (2003). "Survival and Success: The Kennedys of Dunure". In Boardman, S; Ross, A (eds.). The Exercise of Power in Medieval Scotland, 1200–1500. Dublin: Four Courts Press. pp. 67–94.
Wadden (2016) p. 180; McDonald (2015) p. 73; McGuigan (2015) p. 163; Etchingham (2014) p. 27; Charles-Edwards (2013) p. 573; Walker (2013) ch. 5; The Annals of Ulster (2012) § 1034.10; The Annals of Tigernach (2010) § 1034.3; Bolton (2009) p. 142; Jennings; Kruse (2009) p. 125; Annals of Loch Cé (2008) § 1034.8; Clancy (2008) pp. 25, 36; The Annals of Ulster (2008) § 1034.10; Downham (2007) p. 171; Woolf (2007) p. 253; Annals of Loch Cé (2005) § 1034.8; Annals of Tigernach (2005) § 1034.3; Hudson (2005) p. 133; Broun (2004d) p. 136; MacQueen (2003) p. 69 n. 8; Oram, RD (2000) p. 7; Hudson (1994) p. 117; Jennings, A (1994) p. 143; Ó Murchadha (1992–1993) p. 66; Ó Murchú (1992) p. 36; Oram, RD (1988) p. 7; Kapelle (1979) pp. 247–248 n. 39; Anderson (1922) p. 578, 578 n. 1. Wadden, P (2016). "Dál Riata c. 1000: Genealogies and Irish Sea Politics". Scottish Historical Review. 95 (2): 164–181. doi:10.3366/shr.2016.0294. eISSN 1750-0222. ISSN 0036-9241. McDonald, RW (2015). "Outsiders, Vikings, and Merchants: The Context Dependency of the Gall-Ghàidheil in Medieval Ireland and Scotland". Journal of the Australian Early Medieval Association. 11: 67–86. doi:10.35253/JAEMA.2015.1.4. ISSN 1449-9320. McGuigan, N (2015). Neither Scotland nor England: Middle Britain, c.850–1150 (PhD thesis). University of St Andrews. hdl:10023/7829. Etchingham, C (2014). "Names for the Vikings in Irish Annals". In Sigurðsson, JV; Bolton, T (eds.). Celtic-Norse Relationships in the Irish Sea in the Middle Ages, 800–1200. The Northern World: North Europe and the Baltic c. 400–1700 AD. Peoples, Economics and Cultures. Leiden: Brill. pp. 23–38. ISBN 978-90-04-25512-8. ISSN 1569-1462. Charles-Edwards, TM (2013). Wales and the Britons, 350–1064. The History of Wales. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-821731-2. Walker, IW (2013) [2006]. Lords of Alba: The Making of Scotland (EPUB). Brimscombe Port: The History Press. ISBN 978-0-7524-9519-4. "The Annals of Ulster". Corpus of Electronic Texts (15 August 2012 ed.). University College Cork. 2012. Retrieved 11 October 2015. "The Annals of Tigernach". Corpus of Electronic Texts (2 November 2010 ed.). University College Cork. 2010. Retrieved 12 October 2015. Bolton, T (2009). The Empire of Cnut the Great: Conquest and the Consolidation of Power in Northern Europe in the Early Eleventh Century. The Northern World: North Europe and the Baltic c. 400–1700 AD. Peoples, Economics and Cultures. Leiden: Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-16670-7. ISSN 1569-1462. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help) Jennings, A; Kruse, A (2009). "From Dál Riata to the Gall-Ghàidheil". Viking and Medieval Scandinavia. 5: 123–149. doi:10.1484/J.VMS.1.100676. hdl:20.500.11820/762e78fe-2a9c-43cf-8173-8300892b31cb. ISSN 1782-7183. "Annals of Loch Cé". Corpus of Electronic Texts (5 September 2008 ed.). University College Cork. 2008. Retrieved 14 October 2015. Clancy, TO (2008). "The Gall-Ghàidheil and Galloway" (PDF). The Journal of Scottish Name Studies. 2: 19–51. ISSN 2054-9385. "The Annals of Ulster". Corpus of Electronic Texts (29 August 2008 ed.). University College Cork. 2008. Retrieved 11 October 2015. Downham, C (2007). Viking Kings of Britain and Ireland: The Dynasty of Ívarr to A.D. 1014. Edinburgh: Dunedin Academic Press. ISBN 978-1-903765-89-0. Woolf, A (2007). From Pictland to Alba, 789–1070. The New Edinburgh History of Scotland. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 978-0-7486-1233-8. "Annals of Loch Cé". Corpus of Electronic Texts (13 April 2005 ed.). University College Cork. 2005. Retrieved 14 October 2015. "Annals of Tigernach". Corpus of Electronic Texts (13 April 2005 ed.). University College Cork. 2005. Retrieved 12 October 2015. Hudson, BT (2005). Viking Pirates and Christian Princes: Dynasty, Religion, and Empire in the North Atlantic. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-516237-0. Broun, D (2004d). "The Welsh Identity of the Kingdom of Strathclyde c.900–c.1200". The Innes Review. 55 (2): 111–180. doi:10.3366/inr.2004.55.2.111. eISSN 1745-5219. ISSN 0020-157X. MacQueen, HL (2003). "Survival and Success: The Kennedys of Dunure". In Boardman, S; Ross, A (eds.). The Exercise of Power in Medieval Scotland, 1200–1500. Dublin: Four Courts Press. pp. 67–94. Oram, RD (2000). The Lordship of Galloway. Edinburgh: John Donald. ISBN 0-85976-541-5. Hudson, BT (1994). Kings of Celtic Scotland. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. ISBN 0-313-29087-3. ISSN 0885-9159. Archived from the original on 23 June 2019. Retrieved 17 August 2019. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help) Jennings, A (1994). Historical Study of the Gael and Norse in Western Scotland From c.795 to c.1000 (PhD thesis). University of Edinburgh. hdl:1842/15749. Ó Murchadha, D (1992–1993). "Nationality Names in the Irish Annals" (PDF). Nomina. 16: 49–70. ISSN 0141-6340. Ó Murchú, M (1992). "The Irish Language". In Price, G (ed.). The Celtic Connection. The Princess Grace Irish Library. Gerrards Cross: Colin Smythe. pp. 30–64. ISBN 0-86140-248-0. Oram, RD (1988). The Lordship of Galloway, c. 1000 to c. 1250 (PhD thesis). University of St Andrews. hdl:10023/2638. Kapelle, WE (1979). The Norman Conquest of the North: The Region and its Transformation, 1000–1135. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 0-8078-1371-0.
The Annals of Ulster (2012) § 1200.6; Clancy (2008) p. 38; The Annals of Ulster (2008) § 1200.6; Annala Uladh (2005) § 1234.1; Forte; Oram; Pedersen (2005) pp. 96–97; Annala Uladh (2003) § 1234.1; Jennings, AP (2001); Oram, RD (2000) p. 7; Jennings, A (1994) p. 144; Oram, RD (1988) pp. 7–8, 333. "The Annals of Ulster". Corpus of Electronic Texts (15 August 2012 ed.). University College Cork. 2012. Retrieved 11 October 2015. Clancy, TO (2008). "The Gall-Ghàidheil and Galloway" (PDF). The Journal of Scottish Name Studies. 2: 19–51. ISSN 2054-9385. "The Annals of Ulster". Corpus of Electronic Texts (29 August 2008 ed.). University College Cork. 2008. Retrieved 11 October 2015. "Annala Uladh: Annals of Ulster Otherwise Annala Senait, Annals of Senat". Corpus of Electronic Texts (13 April 2005 ed.). University College Cork. 2005. Retrieved 11 October 2015. "Annala Uladh: Annals of Ulster Otherwise Annala Senait, Annals of Senat". Corpus of Electronic Texts (28 January 2003 ed.). University College Cork. 2003. Retrieved 11 October 2015. Jennings, AP (2001). "Galloway, Origins of". In Lynch, M (ed.). The Oxford Companion to Scottish History. Oxford Companions. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 257–258. ISBN 0-19-211696-7. Oram, RD (2000). The Lordship of Galloway. Edinburgh: John Donald. ISBN 0-85976-541-5. Jennings, A (1994). Historical Study of the Gael and Norse in Western Scotland From c.795 to c.1000 (PhD thesis). University of Edinburgh. hdl:1842/15749. Oram, RD (1988). The Lordship of Galloway, c. 1000 to c. 1250 (PhD thesis). University of St Andrews. hdl:10023/2638.
Clancy (2008) pp. 22, 38–39. Clancy, TO (2008). "The Gall-Ghàidheil and Galloway" (PDF). The Journal of Scottish Name Studies. 2: 19–51. ISSN 2054-9385.
Charles-Edwards (2013) p. 573; Flanagan (2010) p. 231 n. 196; Clancy (2008) p. 28; Downham (2007) p. 171; Duffy (2006) pp. 56–57; Forte; Oram; Pedersen (2005) p. 229; Hudson (2005) pp. 129, 138; Duffy (2002) pp. 53–54; Etchingham (2001) p. 160; Oram, RD (2000) p. 17; Duffy (1992) pp. 98–99; Anderson (1922) pp. 590–592 n. 2; Waitz (1844) p. 559. Charles-Edwards, TM (2013). Wales and the Britons, 350–1064. The History of Wales. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-821731-2. Flanagan, MT (2010). The Transformation of the Irish Church in the Twelfth and Thirteenth Centuries. Studies in Celtic History. Woodbridge: The Boydell Press. ISBN 978-1-84383-597-4. ISSN 0261-9865. Clancy, TO (2008). "The Gall-Ghàidheil and Galloway" (PDF). The Journal of Scottish Name Studies. 2: 19–51. ISSN 2054-9385. Downham, C (2007). Viking Kings of Britain and Ireland: The Dynasty of Ívarr to A.D. 1014. Edinburgh: Dunedin Academic Press. ISBN 978-1-903765-89-0. Duffy, S (2006). "The Royal Dynasties of Dublin and the Isles in the Eleventh Century". In Duffy, S (ed.). Medieval Dublin. Vol. 7. Dublin: Four Courts Press. pp. 51–65. ISBN 1-85182-974-1. Hudson, BT (2005). Viking Pirates and Christian Princes: Dynasty, Religion, and Empire in the North Atlantic. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-516237-0. Duffy, S (2002). "Emerging from the Mist: Ireland and Man in the Eleventh Century" (PDF). In Davey, P; Finlayson, D; Thomlinson, P (eds.). Mannin Revisited: Twelve Essays on Manx Culture and Environment. Edinburgh: The Scottish Society for Northern Studies. pp. 53–61. ISBN 0-9535226-2-8. Etchingham, C (2001). "North Wales, Ireland and the Isles: the Insular Viking Zone". Peritia. 15: 145–187. doi:10.1484/J.Peri.3.434. eISSN 2034-6506. ISSN 0332-1592. Oram, RD (2000). The Lordship of Galloway. Edinburgh: John Donald. ISBN 0-85976-541-5. Duffy, S (1992). "Irishmen and Islesmen in the Kingdoms of Dublin and Man, 1052–1171". Ériu. 43: 93–133. eISSN 2009-0056. ISSN 0332-0758. JSTOR 30007421. Waitz, G (1844). "Mariani Scotti Chronicon". In Pertz, GH (ed.). Monvmenta Germaniae Historica. Scriptores. Hanover: Hahn. pp. 481–568.
McGuigan (2015) p. 107; Charles-Edwards (2013) pp. 573–575, 573 n. 108; Flanagan (2010) p. 231 n. 196; Clancy (2008) p. 28; Downham (2007) p. 171; Duffy (2006) pp. 56–57; Forte; Oram; Pedersen (2005) p. 229; Hudson (2005) pp. 129, 138; Duffy (2002) pp. 53–54; Etchingham (2001) p. 160; Oram, RD (2000) p. 17; Duffy (1992) pp. 98–99. McGuigan, N (2015). Neither Scotland nor England: Middle Britain, c.850–1150 (PhD thesis). University of St Andrews. hdl:10023/7829. Charles-Edwards, TM (2013). Wales and the Britons, 350–1064. The History of Wales. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-821731-2. Flanagan, MT (2010). The Transformation of the Irish Church in the Twelfth and Thirteenth Centuries. Studies in Celtic History. Woodbridge: The Boydell Press. ISBN 978-1-84383-597-4. ISSN 0261-9865. Clancy, TO (2008). "The Gall-Ghàidheil and Galloway" (PDF). The Journal of Scottish Name Studies. 2: 19–51. ISSN 2054-9385. Downham, C (2007). Viking Kings of Britain and Ireland: The Dynasty of Ívarr to A.D. 1014. Edinburgh: Dunedin Academic Press. ISBN 978-1-903765-89-0. Duffy, S (2006). "The Royal Dynasties of Dublin and the Isles in the Eleventh Century". In Duffy, S (ed.). Medieval Dublin. Vol. 7. Dublin: Four Courts Press. pp. 51–65. ISBN 1-85182-974-1. Hudson, BT (2005). Viking Pirates and Christian Princes: Dynasty, Religion, and Empire in the North Atlantic. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-516237-0. Duffy, S (2002). "Emerging from the Mist: Ireland and Man in the Eleventh Century" (PDF). In Davey, P; Finlayson, D; Thomlinson, P (eds.). Mannin Revisited: Twelve Essays on Manx Culture and Environment. Edinburgh: The Scottish Society for Northern Studies. pp. 53–61. ISBN 0-9535226-2-8. Etchingham, C (2001). "North Wales, Ireland and the Isles: the Insular Viking Zone". Peritia. 15: 145–187. doi:10.1484/J.Peri.3.434. eISSN 2034-6506. ISSN 0332-1592. Oram, RD (2000). The Lordship of Galloway. Edinburgh: John Donald. ISBN 0-85976-541-5. Duffy, S (1992). "Irishmen and Islesmen in the Kingdoms of Dublin and Man, 1052–1171". Ériu. 43: 93–133. eISSN 2009-0056. ISSN 0332-0758. JSTOR 30007421.
Clarkson (2014) ch. 8; Charles-Edwards (2013) p. 574; Walker (2013) ch. 5; Oram, RD (2011) ch. 5; Bolton (2009) p. 142; Clancy (2008) p. 29; Downham (2007) p. 171; Woolf (2007) pp. 244–248; Hudson (2005) pp. 75, 132–133; Broun (2004d) p. 137 n. 112; Hudson (1996) pp. 222–223. Clarkson, T (2014). Strathclyde and the Anglo-Saxons in the Viking Age (EPUB). Edinburgh: John Donald. ISBN 978-1-907909-25-2. Charles-Edwards, TM (2013). Wales and the Britons, 350–1064. The History of Wales. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-821731-2. Walker, IW (2013) [2006]. Lords of Alba: The Making of Scotland (EPUB). Brimscombe Port: The History Press. ISBN 978-0-7524-9519-4. Oram, RD (2011) [2001]. The Kings & Queens of Scotland. Brimscombe Port: The History Press. ISBN 978-0-7524-7099-3. Bolton, T (2009). The Empire of Cnut the Great: Conquest and the Consolidation of Power in Northern Europe in the Early Eleventh Century. The Northern World: North Europe and the Baltic c. 400–1700 AD. Peoples, Economics and Cultures. Leiden: Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-16670-7. ISSN 1569-1462. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help) Clancy, TO (2008). "The Gall-Ghàidheil and Galloway" (PDF). The Journal of Scottish Name Studies. 2: 19–51. ISSN 2054-9385. Downham, C (2007). Viking Kings of Britain and Ireland: The Dynasty of Ívarr to A.D. 1014. Edinburgh: Dunedin Academic Press. ISBN 978-1-903765-89-0. Woolf, A (2007). From Pictland to Alba, 789–1070. The New Edinburgh History of Scotland. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 978-0-7486-1233-8. Hudson, BT (2005). Viking Pirates and Christian Princes: Dynasty, Religion, and Empire in the North Atlantic. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-516237-0. Broun, D (2004d). "The Welsh Identity of the Kingdom of Strathclyde c.900–c.1200". The Innes Review. 55 (2): 111–180. doi:10.3366/inr.2004.55.2.111. eISSN 1745-5219. ISSN 0020-157X. Hudson, BT (1996). Prophecy of Berchán: Irish and Scottish High-Kings of the Early Middle Ages. Contributions to the Study of World History. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. ISBN 0-313-29567-0. ISSN 0885-9159.
Clancy (2008) p. 30 n. 5; Jennings, AP (2001); Jennings, A (1996) p. 68; Jennings, A (1994) pp. 85–86; Anderson (1922) pp. 176–177 n. 6; Stokes (1905) pp. 175 § 10, 184 § 10, 185 § 10. Clancy, TO (2008). "The Gall-Ghàidheil and Galloway" (PDF). The Journal of Scottish Name Studies. 2: 19–51. ISSN 2054-9385. Jennings, AP (2001). "Galloway, Origins of". In Lynch, M (ed.). The Oxford Companion to Scottish History. Oxford Companions. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 257–258. ISBN 0-19-211696-7. Jennings, A (1996). "Historical and Linguistic Evidence for Gall-Gaidheil and Norse in Western Scotland". In Ureland, PS; Clarkson, I (eds.). Language Contact Across the North Atlantic. Tübingen: Max Niemeyer Verlag. pp. 61–74. doi:10.1515/9783110929652.61. ISBN 3-484-30359-X. ISSN 0344-6727. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help) Jennings, A (1994). Historical Study of the Gael and Norse in Western Scotland From c.795 to c.1000 (PhD thesis). University of Edinburgh. hdl:1842/15749. Stokes, W, ed. (1905). Félire Óengusso Céli Dé: The Martyrology of Oengus the Culdee. Publications of the Henry Bradshaw Society. London: Henry Bradshaw Society.
Charles-Edwards (2013) pp. 574–575; Clancy (2008) pp. 30–31; Jennings; Kruse (2009) p. 133; Anderson (1922) pp. 176–177 n. 6; Kelly (n.d.) p. xxxi § 10. Charles-Edwards, TM (2013). Wales and the Britons, 350–1064. The History of Wales. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-821731-2. Clancy, TO (2008). "The Gall-Ghàidheil and Galloway" (PDF). The Journal of Scottish Name Studies. 2: 19–51. ISSN 2054-9385. Jennings, A; Kruse, A (2009). "From Dál Riata to the Gall-Ghàidheil". Viking and Medieval Scandinavia. 5: 123–149. doi:10.1484/J.VMS.1.100676. hdl:20.500.11820/762e78fe-2a9c-43cf-8173-8300892b31cb. ISSN 1782-7183. Kelly, M, ed. (n.d.). Caldendar of Irish Saints: The Martyrology of Tallagh. Dublin: J. Mullany.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: year (link)
Charles-Edwards (2013) pp. 573–575; Clancy (2011) pp. 374, 386–387; Clancy (2008) p. 32. Charles-Edwards, TM (2013). Wales and the Britons, 350–1064. The History of Wales. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-821731-2. Clancy, TO (2011). "Gaelic in Medieval Scotland: Advent and Expansion: Sir John Rhys Memorial Lecture". Proceedings of the British Academy. 167. doi:10.5871/bacad/9780197264775.003.0011 – via British Academy Scholarship Online. Clancy, TO (2008). "The Gall-Ghàidheil and Galloway" (PDF). The Journal of Scottish Name Studies. 2: 19–51. ISSN 2054-9385.
Clancy, TO (2008) pp. 28, 32; Woolf (2007) pp. 245, 254; Hudson (2005) p. 138. Clancy, TO (2008). "The Gall-Ghàidheil and Galloway" (PDF). The Journal of Scottish Name Studies. 2: 19–51. ISSN 2054-9385. Woolf, A (2007). From Pictland to Alba, 789–1070. The New Edinburgh History of Scotland. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 978-0-7486-1233-8. Hudson, BT (2005). Viking Pirates and Christian Princes: Dynasty, Religion, and Empire in the North Atlantic. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-516237-0.
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Clancy (2008) p. 32; Etchingham (2001) p. 160. Clancy, TO (2008). "The Gall-Ghàidheil and Galloway" (PDF). The Journal of Scottish Name Studies. 2: 19–51. ISSN 2054-9385. Etchingham, C (2001). "North Wales, Ireland and the Isles: the Insular Viking Zone". Peritia. 15: 145–187. doi:10.1484/J.Peri.3.434. eISSN 2034-6506. ISSN 0332-1592.
McGuigan (2015) pp. 107–108; Clancy (2008) p. 29. McGuigan, N (2015). Neither Scotland nor England: Middle Britain, c.850–1150 (PhD thesis). University of St Andrews. hdl:10023/7829. Clancy, TO (2008). "The Gall-Ghàidheil and Galloway" (PDF). The Journal of Scottish Name Studies. 2: 19–51. ISSN 2054-9385.
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Wadden (2016) pp. 180–181; McGuigan (2015) pp. 163, 171; Clarkson (2014) ch. 9; Walker (2013) ch. 5; Bolton (2009) p. 142; Clancy (2008) p. 37; Hudson (2005) p. 133; Moody; Martin; Byrne (2005) p. 466 n. 1; Woolf (2004) p. 100; Hudson (1994) pp. 117–118, 158; Ó Murchadha (1992–1993) p. 66; Kapelle (1979) pp. 38–39, 40 tab. 3, 41, 247–248 n. 39. Wadden, P (2016). "Dál Riata c. 1000: Genealogies and Irish Sea Politics". Scottish Historical Review. 95 (2): 164–181. doi:10.3366/shr.2016.0294. eISSN 1750-0222. ISSN 0036-9241. McGuigan, N (2015). Neither Scotland nor England: Middle Britain, c.850–1150 (PhD thesis). University of St Andrews. hdl:10023/7829. Clarkson, T (2014). Strathclyde and the Anglo-Saxons in the Viking Age (EPUB). Edinburgh: John Donald. ISBN 978-1-907909-25-2. Walker, IW (2013) [2006]. Lords of Alba: The Making of Scotland (EPUB). Brimscombe Port: The History Press. ISBN 978-0-7524-9519-4. Bolton, T (2009). The Empire of Cnut the Great: Conquest and the Consolidation of Power in Northern Europe in the Early Eleventh Century. The Northern World: North Europe and the Baltic c. 400–1700 AD. Peoples, Economics and Cultures. Leiden: Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-16670-7. ISSN 1569-1462. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help) Clancy, TO (2008). "The Gall-Ghàidheil and Galloway" (PDF). The Journal of Scottish Name Studies. 2: 19–51. ISSN 2054-9385. Hudson, BT (2005). Viking Pirates and Christian Princes: Dynasty, Religion, and Empire in the North Atlantic. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-516237-0. Moody, TW; Martin, FX; Byrne, FJ, eds. (2005). Maps, Genealogies, Lists: A Companion to Irish History. New History of Ireland. Oxford: Clarendon Press. ISBN 9780198217459. Woolf, A (2004). "The Age of Sea-Kings, 900–1300". In Omand, D (ed.). The Argyll Book. Edinburgh: Birlinn. pp. 94–109. ISBN 1-84158-253-0. Hudson, BT (1994). Kings of Celtic Scotland. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. ISBN 0-313-29087-3. ISSN 0885-9159. Archived from the original on 23 June 2019. Retrieved 17 August 2019. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help) Ó Murchadha, D (1992–1993). "Nationality Names in the Irish Annals" (PDF). Nomina. 16: 49–70. ISSN 0141-6340. Kapelle, WE (1979). The Norman Conquest of the North: The Region and its Transformation, 1000–1135. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 0-8078-1371-0.
Wadden (2016) p. 180; McGuigan (2015) p. 171; Clancy (2008) p. 37; Woolf (2007) pp. 225–226, 253; Hudson (2005) p. 133; Woolf (2004) p. 100; Hudson (1996) pp. 52 § 183, 90 § 183, 221; Anderson (1930) p. 51 § 181; Skene (1867) p. 99. Wadden, P (2016). "Dál Riata c. 1000: Genealogies and Irish Sea Politics". Scottish Historical Review. 95 (2): 164–181. doi:10.3366/shr.2016.0294. eISSN 1750-0222. ISSN 0036-9241. McGuigan, N (2015). Neither Scotland nor England: Middle Britain, c.850–1150 (PhD thesis). University of St Andrews. hdl:10023/7829. Clancy, TO (2008). "The Gall-Ghàidheil and Galloway" (PDF). The Journal of Scottish Name Studies. 2: 19–51. ISSN 2054-9385. Woolf, A (2007). From Pictland to Alba, 789–1070. The New Edinburgh History of Scotland. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 978-0-7486-1233-8. Hudson, BT (2005). Viking Pirates and Christian Princes: Dynasty, Religion, and Empire in the North Atlantic. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-516237-0. Woolf, A (2004). "The Age of Sea-Kings, 900–1300". In Omand, D (ed.). The Argyll Book. Edinburgh: Birlinn. pp. 94–109. ISBN 1-84158-253-0. Hudson, BT (1996). Prophecy of Berchán: Irish and Scottish High-Kings of the Early Middle Ages. Contributions to the Study of World History. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. ISBN 0-313-29567-0. ISSN 0885-9159. Anderson, AO (1930). "The Prophecy of Berchan". Zeitschrift für celtische Philologie. 18: 1–56. doi:10.1515/zcph.1930.18.1.1. eISSN 1865-889X. ISSN 0084-5302. S2CID 162902103. Skene, WF, ed. (1867). Chronicles of the Picts, Chronicles of the Scots, and Other Early Memorials of Scottish History. Edinburgh: H.M. General Register House. OL 23286818M.
Wadden (2016) p. 180; Clancy (2008) p. 37; Woolf (2007) pp. 225–226; Woolf (2004) p. 100; Hudson (1996) pp. 52 § 183, 90 § 183; Anderson (1930) p. 51 § 181; Skene (1867) p. 99. Wadden, P (2016). "Dál Riata c. 1000: Genealogies and Irish Sea Politics". Scottish Historical Review. 95 (2): 164–181. doi:10.3366/shr.2016.0294. eISSN 1750-0222. ISSN 0036-9241. Clancy, TO (2008). "The Gall-Ghàidheil and Galloway" (PDF). The Journal of Scottish Name Studies. 2: 19–51. ISSN 2054-9385. Woolf, A (2007). From Pictland to Alba, 789–1070. The New Edinburgh History of Scotland. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 978-0-7486-1233-8. Woolf, A (2004). "The Age of Sea-Kings, 900–1300". In Omand, D (ed.). The Argyll Book. Edinburgh: Birlinn. pp. 94–109. ISBN 1-84158-253-0. Hudson, BT (1996). Prophecy of Berchán: Irish and Scottish High-Kings of the Early Middle Ages. Contributions to the Study of World History. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. ISBN 0-313-29567-0. ISSN 0885-9159. Anderson, AO (1930). "The Prophecy of Berchan". Zeitschrift für celtische Philologie. 18: 1–56. doi:10.1515/zcph.1930.18.1.1. eISSN 1865-889X. ISSN 0084-5302. S2CID 162902103. Skene, WF, ed. (1867). Chronicles of the Picts, Chronicles of the Scots, and Other Early Memorials of Scottish History. Edinburgh: H.M. General Register House. OL 23286818M.
Clancy (2008) p. 37; Woolf (2007) pp. 225–226; Hudson (1996) p. 221. Clancy, TO (2008). "The Gall-Ghàidheil and Galloway" (PDF). The Journal of Scottish Name Studies. 2: 19–51. ISSN 2054-9385. Woolf, A (2007). From Pictland to Alba, 789–1070. The New Edinburgh History of Scotland. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 978-0-7486-1233-8. Hudson, BT (1996). Prophecy of Berchán: Irish and Scottish High-Kings of the Early Middle Ages. Contributions to the Study of World History. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. ISBN 0-313-29567-0. ISSN 0885-9159.
Parsons (2011) pp. 132, 139; Clancy (2008) p. 37; Woolf (2007) p. 254, 254 n. 49; Broun (2004d) p. 136. Parsons, DN (2011). "On the Origin of 'Hiberno-Norse Inversion-Compounds'" (PDF). The Journal of Scottish Name Studies. 5: 115–152. ISSN 2054-9385. Clancy, TO (2008). "The Gall-Ghàidheil and Galloway" (PDF). The Journal of Scottish Name Studies. 2: 19–51. ISSN 2054-9385. Woolf, A (2007). From Pictland to Alba, 789–1070. The New Edinburgh History of Scotland. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 978-0-7486-1233-8. Broun, D (2004d). "The Welsh Identity of the Kingdom of Strathclyde c.900–c.1200". The Innes Review. 55 (2): 111–180. doi:10.3366/inr.2004.55.2.111. eISSN 1745-5219. ISSN 0020-157X.

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Jennings, AP (2001); Jennings, A (1996) p. 68; Jennings, A (1994) pp. 86–87. Jennings, AP (2001). "Galloway, Origins of". In Lynch, M (ed.). The Oxford Companion to Scottish History. Oxford Companions. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 257–258. ISBN 0-19-211696-7. Jennings, A (1996). "Historical and Linguistic Evidence for Gall-Gaidheil and Norse in Western Scotland". In Ureland, PS; Clarkson, I (eds.). Language Contact Across the North Atlantic. Tübingen: Max Niemeyer Verlag. pp. 61–74. doi:10.1515/9783110929652.61. ISBN 3-484-30359-X. ISSN 0344-6727. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help) Jennings, A (1994). Historical Study of the Gael and Norse in Western Scotland From c.795 to c.1000 (PhD thesis). University of Edinburgh. hdl:1842/15749.
Jennings, A (2015); Jennings; Kruse (2009) pp. 123–124, 144; Jennings, AP (2001); Jennings, A (1998) p. 46; Jennings, A (1996) p. 66; Jennings, A (1994) pp. 78–79. Jennings, A (2015) [1997]. "Isles, Kingdom of the". In Crowcroft, R; Cannon, J (eds.). The Oxford Companion to British History (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acref/9780199677832.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-967783-2 – via Oxford Reference. Jennings, A; Kruse, A (2009). "From Dál Riata to the Gall-Ghàidheil". Viking and Medieval Scandinavia. 5: 123–149. doi:10.1484/J.VMS.1.100676. hdl:20.500.11820/762e78fe-2a9c-43cf-8173-8300892b31cb. ISSN 1782-7183. Jennings, AP (2001). "Galloway, Origins of". In Lynch, M (ed.). The Oxford Companion to Scottish History. Oxford Companions. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 257–258. ISBN 0-19-211696-7. Jennings, A (1998). "Iona and the Vikings: Survival and Continuity" (PDF). Northern Studies. 33: 37–54. ISSN 0305-506X. Jennings, A (1996). "Historical and Linguistic Evidence for Gall-Gaidheil and Norse in Western Scotland". In Ureland, PS; Clarkson, I (eds.). Language Contact Across the North Atlantic. Tübingen: Max Niemeyer Verlag. pp. 61–74. doi:10.1515/9783110929652.61. ISBN 3-484-30359-X. ISSN 0344-6727. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help) Jennings, A (1994). Historical Study of the Gael and Norse in Western Scotland From c.795 to c.1000 (PhD thesis). University of Edinburgh. hdl:1842/15749.
Jennings, A (2015); Jennings; Kruse (2009); Jennings, A (1996); Jennings, A (1994) p. 78. Jennings, A (2015) [1997]. "Isles, Kingdom of the". In Crowcroft, R; Cannon, J (eds.). The Oxford Companion to British History (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acref/9780199677832.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-967783-2 – via Oxford Reference. Jennings, A; Kruse, A (2009). "From Dál Riata to the Gall-Ghàidheil". Viking and Medieval Scandinavia. 5: 123–149. doi:10.1484/J.VMS.1.100676. hdl:20.500.11820/762e78fe-2a9c-43cf-8173-8300892b31cb. ISSN 1782-7183. Jennings, A (1996). "Historical and Linguistic Evidence for Gall-Gaidheil and Norse in Western Scotland". In Ureland, PS; Clarkson, I (eds.). Language Contact Across the North Atlantic. Tübingen: Max Niemeyer Verlag. pp. 61–74. doi:10.1515/9783110929652.61. ISBN 3-484-30359-X. ISSN 0344-6727. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help) Jennings, A (1994). Historical Study of the Gael and Norse in Western Scotland From c.795 to c.1000 (PhD thesis). University of Edinburgh. hdl:1842/15749.
Jennings; Kruse (2009) pp. 126, 132–133; Jennings, AP (2001); Jennings, A (1996) p. 67; Jennings, A (1994) pp. 83, 180. Jennings, A; Kruse, A (2009). "From Dál Riata to the Gall-Ghàidheil". Viking and Medieval Scandinavia. 5: 123–149. doi:10.1484/J.VMS.1.100676. hdl:20.500.11820/762e78fe-2a9c-43cf-8173-8300892b31cb. ISSN 1782-7183. Jennings, AP (2001). "Galloway, Origins of". In Lynch, M (ed.). The Oxford Companion to Scottish History. Oxford Companions. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 257–258. ISBN 0-19-211696-7. Jennings, A (1996). "Historical and Linguistic Evidence for Gall-Gaidheil and Norse in Western Scotland". In Ureland, PS; Clarkson, I (eds.). Language Contact Across the North Atlantic. Tübingen: Max Niemeyer Verlag. pp. 61–74. doi:10.1515/9783110929652.61. ISBN 3-484-30359-X. ISSN 0344-6727. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help) Jennings, A (1994). Historical Study of the Gael and Norse in Western Scotland From c.795 to c.1000 (PhD thesis). University of Edinburgh. hdl:1842/15749.
Jennings; Kruse (2009) pp. 126–128, 131–133; Jennings, AP (2001); Jennings, A (1996) p. 67; Jennings, A (1994) pp. 83–85, 114, 141, 180. Jennings, A; Kruse, A (2009). "From Dál Riata to the Gall-Ghàidheil". Viking and Medieval Scandinavia. 5: 123–149. doi:10.1484/J.VMS.1.100676. hdl:20.500.11820/762e78fe-2a9c-43cf-8173-8300892b31cb. ISSN 1782-7183. Jennings, AP (2001). "Galloway, Origins of". In Lynch, M (ed.). The Oxford Companion to Scottish History. Oxford Companions. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 257–258. ISBN 0-19-211696-7. Jennings, A (1996). "Historical and Linguistic Evidence for Gall-Gaidheil and Norse in Western Scotland". In Ureland, PS; Clarkson, I (eds.). Language Contact Across the North Atlantic. Tübingen: Max Niemeyer Verlag. pp. 61–74. doi:10.1515/9783110929652.61. ISBN 3-484-30359-X. ISSN 0344-6727. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help) Jennings, A (1994). Historical Study of the Gael and Norse in Western Scotland From c.795 to c.1000 (PhD thesis). University of Edinburgh. hdl:1842/15749.
Clancy (2008) p. 30 n. 5; Jennings, AP (2001); Jennings, A (1996) p. 68; Jennings, A (1994) pp. 85–86; Anderson (1922) pp. 176–177 n. 6; Stokes (1905) pp. 175 § 10, 184 § 10, 185 § 10. Clancy, TO (2008). "The Gall-Ghàidheil and Galloway" (PDF). The Journal of Scottish Name Studies. 2: 19–51. ISSN 2054-9385. Jennings, AP (2001). "Galloway, Origins of". In Lynch, M (ed.). The Oxford Companion to Scottish History. Oxford Companions. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 257–258. ISBN 0-19-211696-7. Jennings, A (1996). "Historical and Linguistic Evidence for Gall-Gaidheil and Norse in Western Scotland". In Ureland, PS; Clarkson, I (eds.). Language Contact Across the North Atlantic. Tübingen: Max Niemeyer Verlag. pp. 61–74. doi:10.1515/9783110929652.61. ISBN 3-484-30359-X. ISSN 0344-6727. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help) Jennings, A (1994). Historical Study of the Gael and Norse in Western Scotland From c.795 to c.1000 (PhD thesis). University of Edinburgh. hdl:1842/15749. Stokes, W, ed. (1905). Félire Óengusso Céli Dé: The Martyrology of Oengus the Culdee. Publications of the Henry Bradshaw Society. London: Henry Bradshaw Society.

doi.org

Wadden (2016); Clancy (2008); Downham (2007); Broun (2004d); Woolf (2004); MacQueen (2003). Wadden, P (2016). "Dál Riata c. 1000: Genealogies and Irish Sea Politics". Scottish Historical Review. 95 (2): 164–181. doi:10.3366/shr.2016.0294. eISSN 1750-0222. ISSN 0036-9241. Clancy, TO (2008). "The Gall-Ghàidheil and Galloway" (PDF). The Journal of Scottish Name Studies. 2: 19–51. ISSN 2054-9385. Downham, C (2007). Viking Kings of Britain and Ireland: The Dynasty of Ívarr to A.D. 1014. Edinburgh: Dunedin Academic Press. ISBN 978-1-903765-89-0. Broun, D (2004d). "The Welsh Identity of the Kingdom of Strathclyde c.900–c.1200". The Innes Review. 55 (2): 111–180. doi:10.3366/inr.2004.55.2.111. eISSN 1745-5219. ISSN 0020-157X. Woolf, A (2004). "The Age of Sea-Kings, 900–1300". In Omand, D (ed.). The Argyll Book. Edinburgh: Birlinn. pp. 94–109. ISBN 1-84158-253-0. MacQueen, HL (2003). "Survival and Success: The Kennedys of Dunure". In Boardman, S; Ross, A (eds.). The Exercise of Power in Medieval Scotland, 1200–1500. Dublin: Four Courts Press. pp. 67–94.
Wadden (2016) p. 180; McDonald (2015) p. 73; McGuigan (2015) p. 163; Etchingham (2014) p. 27; Charles-Edwards (2013) p. 573; Walker (2013) ch. 5; The Annals of Ulster (2012) § 1034.10; The Annals of Tigernach (2010) § 1034.3; Bolton (2009) p. 142; Jennings; Kruse (2009) p. 125; Annals of Loch Cé (2008) § 1034.8; Clancy (2008) pp. 25, 36; The Annals of Ulster (2008) § 1034.10; Downham (2007) p. 171; Woolf (2007) p. 253; Annals of Loch Cé (2005) § 1034.8; Annals of Tigernach (2005) § 1034.3; Hudson (2005) p. 133; Broun (2004d) p. 136; MacQueen (2003) p. 69 n. 8; Oram, RD (2000) p. 7; Hudson (1994) p. 117; Jennings, A (1994) p. 143; Ó Murchadha (1992–1993) p. 66; Ó Murchú (1992) p. 36; Oram, RD (1988) p. 7; Kapelle (1979) pp. 247–248 n. 39; Anderson (1922) p. 578, 578 n. 1. Wadden, P (2016). "Dál Riata c. 1000: Genealogies and Irish Sea Politics". Scottish Historical Review. 95 (2): 164–181. doi:10.3366/shr.2016.0294. eISSN 1750-0222. ISSN 0036-9241. McDonald, RW (2015). "Outsiders, Vikings, and Merchants: The Context Dependency of the Gall-Ghàidheil in Medieval Ireland and Scotland". Journal of the Australian Early Medieval Association. 11: 67–86. doi:10.35253/JAEMA.2015.1.4. ISSN 1449-9320. McGuigan, N (2015). Neither Scotland nor England: Middle Britain, c.850–1150 (PhD thesis). University of St Andrews. hdl:10023/7829. Etchingham, C (2014). "Names for the Vikings in Irish Annals". In Sigurðsson, JV; Bolton, T (eds.). Celtic-Norse Relationships in the Irish Sea in the Middle Ages, 800–1200. The Northern World: North Europe and the Baltic c. 400–1700 AD. Peoples, Economics and Cultures. Leiden: Brill. pp. 23–38. ISBN 978-90-04-25512-8. ISSN 1569-1462. Charles-Edwards, TM (2013). Wales and the Britons, 350–1064. The History of Wales. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-821731-2. Walker, IW (2013) [2006]. Lords of Alba: The Making of Scotland (EPUB). Brimscombe Port: The History Press. ISBN 978-0-7524-9519-4. "The Annals of Ulster". Corpus of Electronic Texts (15 August 2012 ed.). University College Cork. 2012. Retrieved 11 October 2015. "The Annals of Tigernach". Corpus of Electronic Texts (2 November 2010 ed.). University College Cork. 2010. Retrieved 12 October 2015. Bolton, T (2009). The Empire of Cnut the Great: Conquest and the Consolidation of Power in Northern Europe in the Early Eleventh Century. The Northern World: North Europe and the Baltic c. 400–1700 AD. Peoples, Economics and Cultures. Leiden: Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-16670-7. ISSN 1569-1462. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help) Jennings, A; Kruse, A (2009). "From Dál Riata to the Gall-Ghàidheil". Viking and Medieval Scandinavia. 5: 123–149. doi:10.1484/J.VMS.1.100676. hdl:20.500.11820/762e78fe-2a9c-43cf-8173-8300892b31cb. ISSN 1782-7183. "Annals of Loch Cé". Corpus of Electronic Texts (5 September 2008 ed.). University College Cork. 2008. Retrieved 14 October 2015. Clancy, TO (2008). "The Gall-Ghàidheil and Galloway" (PDF). The Journal of Scottish Name Studies. 2: 19–51. ISSN 2054-9385. "The Annals of Ulster". Corpus of Electronic Texts (29 August 2008 ed.). University College Cork. 2008. Retrieved 11 October 2015. Downham, C (2007). Viking Kings of Britain and Ireland: The Dynasty of Ívarr to A.D. 1014. Edinburgh: Dunedin Academic Press. ISBN 978-1-903765-89-0. Woolf, A (2007). From Pictland to Alba, 789–1070. The New Edinburgh History of Scotland. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 978-0-7486-1233-8. "Annals of Loch Cé". Corpus of Electronic Texts (13 April 2005 ed.). University College Cork. 2005. Retrieved 14 October 2015. "Annals of Tigernach". Corpus of Electronic Texts (13 April 2005 ed.). University College Cork. 2005. Retrieved 12 October 2015. Hudson, BT (2005). Viking Pirates and Christian Princes: Dynasty, Religion, and Empire in the North Atlantic. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-516237-0. Broun, D (2004d). "The Welsh Identity of the Kingdom of Strathclyde c.900–c.1200". The Innes Review. 55 (2): 111–180. doi:10.3366/inr.2004.55.2.111. eISSN 1745-5219. ISSN 0020-157X. MacQueen, HL (2003). "Survival and Success: The Kennedys of Dunure". In Boardman, S; Ross, A (eds.). The Exercise of Power in Medieval Scotland, 1200–1500. Dublin: Four Courts Press. pp. 67–94. Oram, RD (2000). The Lordship of Galloway. Edinburgh: John Donald. ISBN 0-85976-541-5. Hudson, BT (1994). Kings of Celtic Scotland. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. ISBN 0-313-29087-3. ISSN 0885-9159. Archived from the original on 23 June 2019. Retrieved 17 August 2019. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help) Jennings, A (1994). Historical Study of the Gael and Norse in Western Scotland From c.795 to c.1000 (PhD thesis). University of Edinburgh. hdl:1842/15749. Ó Murchadha, D (1992–1993). "Nationality Names in the Irish Annals" (PDF). Nomina. 16: 49–70. ISSN 0141-6340. Ó Murchú, M (1992). "The Irish Language". In Price, G (ed.). The Celtic Connection. The Princess Grace Irish Library. Gerrards Cross: Colin Smythe. pp. 30–64. ISBN 0-86140-248-0. Oram, RD (1988). The Lordship of Galloway, c. 1000 to c. 1250 (PhD thesis). University of St Andrews. hdl:10023/2638. Kapelle, WE (1979). The Norman Conquest of the North: The Region and its Transformation, 1000–1135. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 0-8078-1371-0.
Jennings, AP (2001); Jennings, A (1996) p. 68; Jennings, A (1994) pp. 86–87. Jennings, AP (2001). "Galloway, Origins of". In Lynch, M (ed.). The Oxford Companion to Scottish History. Oxford Companions. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 257–258. ISBN 0-19-211696-7. Jennings, A (1996). "Historical and Linguistic Evidence for Gall-Gaidheil and Norse in Western Scotland". In Ureland, PS; Clarkson, I (eds.). Language Contact Across the North Atlantic. Tübingen: Max Niemeyer Verlag. pp. 61–74. doi:10.1515/9783110929652.61. ISBN 3-484-30359-X. ISSN 0344-6727. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help) Jennings, A (1994). Historical Study of the Gael and Norse in Western Scotland From c.795 to c.1000 (PhD thesis). University of Edinburgh. hdl:1842/15749.
Jennings, A (2015); Jennings; Kruse (2009) pp. 123–124, 144; Jennings, AP (2001); Jennings, A (1998) p. 46; Jennings, A (1996) p. 66; Jennings, A (1994) pp. 78–79. Jennings, A (2015) [1997]. "Isles, Kingdom of the". In Crowcroft, R; Cannon, J (eds.). The Oxford Companion to British History (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acref/9780199677832.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-967783-2 – via Oxford Reference. Jennings, A; Kruse, A (2009). "From Dál Riata to the Gall-Ghàidheil". Viking and Medieval Scandinavia. 5: 123–149. doi:10.1484/J.VMS.1.100676. hdl:20.500.11820/762e78fe-2a9c-43cf-8173-8300892b31cb. ISSN 1782-7183. Jennings, AP (2001). "Galloway, Origins of". In Lynch, M (ed.). The Oxford Companion to Scottish History. Oxford Companions. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 257–258. ISBN 0-19-211696-7. Jennings, A (1998). "Iona and the Vikings: Survival and Continuity" (PDF). Northern Studies. 33: 37–54. ISSN 0305-506X. Jennings, A (1996). "Historical and Linguistic Evidence for Gall-Gaidheil and Norse in Western Scotland". In Ureland, PS; Clarkson, I (eds.). Language Contact Across the North Atlantic. Tübingen: Max Niemeyer Verlag. pp. 61–74. doi:10.1515/9783110929652.61. ISBN 3-484-30359-X. ISSN 0344-6727. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help) Jennings, A (1994). Historical Study of the Gael and Norse in Western Scotland From c.795 to c.1000 (PhD thesis). University of Edinburgh. hdl:1842/15749.
Jennings; Kruse (2009) p. 144; Woolf (2007) p. 100 n. 24. Jennings, A; Kruse, A (2009). "From Dál Riata to the Gall-Ghàidheil". Viking and Medieval Scandinavia. 5: 123–149. doi:10.1484/J.VMS.1.100676. hdl:20.500.11820/762e78fe-2a9c-43cf-8173-8300892b31cb. ISSN 1782-7183. Woolf, A (2007). From Pictland to Alba, 789–1070. The New Edinburgh History of Scotland. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 978-0-7486-1233-8.
Jennings, A (2015); Jennings; Kruse (2009); Jennings, A (1996); Jennings, A (1994) p. 78. Jennings, A (2015) [1997]. "Isles, Kingdom of the". In Crowcroft, R; Cannon, J (eds.). The Oxford Companion to British History (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acref/9780199677832.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-967783-2 – via Oxford Reference. Jennings, A; Kruse, A (2009). "From Dál Riata to the Gall-Ghàidheil". Viking and Medieval Scandinavia. 5: 123–149. doi:10.1484/J.VMS.1.100676. hdl:20.500.11820/762e78fe-2a9c-43cf-8173-8300892b31cb. ISSN 1782-7183. Jennings, A (1996). "Historical and Linguistic Evidence for Gall-Gaidheil and Norse in Western Scotland". In Ureland, PS; Clarkson, I (eds.). Language Contact Across the North Atlantic. Tübingen: Max Niemeyer Verlag. pp. 61–74. doi:10.1515/9783110929652.61. ISBN 3-484-30359-X. ISSN 0344-6727. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help) Jennings, A (1994). Historical Study of the Gael and Norse in Western Scotland From c.795 to c.1000 (PhD thesis). University of Edinburgh. hdl:1842/15749.
Jennings; Kruse (2009) pp. 126, 132–133; Jennings, AP (2001); Jennings, A (1996) p. 67; Jennings, A (1994) pp. 83, 180. Jennings, A; Kruse, A (2009). "From Dál Riata to the Gall-Ghàidheil". Viking and Medieval Scandinavia. 5: 123–149. doi:10.1484/J.VMS.1.100676. hdl:20.500.11820/762e78fe-2a9c-43cf-8173-8300892b31cb. ISSN 1782-7183. Jennings, AP (2001). "Galloway, Origins of". In Lynch, M (ed.). The Oxford Companion to Scottish History. Oxford Companions. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 257–258. ISBN 0-19-211696-7. Jennings, A (1996). "Historical and Linguistic Evidence for Gall-Gaidheil and Norse in Western Scotland". In Ureland, PS; Clarkson, I (eds.). Language Contact Across the North Atlantic. Tübingen: Max Niemeyer Verlag. pp. 61–74. doi:10.1515/9783110929652.61. ISBN 3-484-30359-X. ISSN 0344-6727. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help) Jennings, A (1994). Historical Study of the Gael and Norse in Western Scotland From c.795 to c.1000 (PhD thesis). University of Edinburgh. hdl:1842/15749.
Jennings; Kruse (2009) pp. 126–128, 131–133; Jennings, AP (2001); Jennings, A (1996) p. 67; Jennings, A (1994) pp. 83–85, 114, 141, 180. Jennings, A; Kruse, A (2009). "From Dál Riata to the Gall-Ghàidheil". Viking and Medieval Scandinavia. 5: 123–149. doi:10.1484/J.VMS.1.100676. hdl:20.500.11820/762e78fe-2a9c-43cf-8173-8300892b31cb. ISSN 1782-7183. Jennings, AP (2001). "Galloway, Origins of". In Lynch, M (ed.). The Oxford Companion to Scottish History. Oxford Companions. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 257–258. ISBN 0-19-211696-7. Jennings, A (1996). "Historical and Linguistic Evidence for Gall-Gaidheil and Norse in Western Scotland". In Ureland, PS; Clarkson, I (eds.). Language Contact Across the North Atlantic. Tübingen: Max Niemeyer Verlag. pp. 61–74. doi:10.1515/9783110929652.61. ISBN 3-484-30359-X. ISSN 0344-6727. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help) Jennings, A (1994). Historical Study of the Gael and Norse in Western Scotland From c.795 to c.1000 (PhD thesis). University of Edinburgh. hdl:1842/15749.
Jennings, A (2015); Jennings; Kruse (2009). Jennings, A (2015) [1997]. "Isles, Kingdom of the". In Crowcroft, R; Cannon, J (eds.). The Oxford Companion to British History (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acref/9780199677832.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-967783-2 – via Oxford Reference. Jennings, A; Kruse, A (2009). "From Dál Riata to the Gall-Ghàidheil". Viking and Medieval Scandinavia. 5: 123–149. doi:10.1484/J.VMS.1.100676. hdl:20.500.11820/762e78fe-2a9c-43cf-8173-8300892b31cb. ISSN 1782-7183.
Charles-Edwards (2013) p. 573; Flanagan (2010) p. 231 n. 196; Clancy (2008) p. 28; Downham (2007) p. 171; Duffy (2006) pp. 56–57; Forte; Oram; Pedersen (2005) p. 229; Hudson (2005) pp. 129, 138; Duffy (2002) pp. 53–54; Etchingham (2001) p. 160; Oram, RD (2000) p. 17; Duffy (1992) pp. 98–99; Anderson (1922) pp. 590–592 n. 2; Waitz (1844) p. 559. Charles-Edwards, TM (2013). Wales and the Britons, 350–1064. The History of Wales. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-821731-2. Flanagan, MT (2010). The Transformation of the Irish Church in the Twelfth and Thirteenth Centuries. Studies in Celtic History. Woodbridge: The Boydell Press. ISBN 978-1-84383-597-4. ISSN 0261-9865. Clancy, TO (2008). "The Gall-Ghàidheil and Galloway" (PDF). The Journal of Scottish Name Studies. 2: 19–51. ISSN 2054-9385. Downham, C (2007). Viking Kings of Britain and Ireland: The Dynasty of Ívarr to A.D. 1014. Edinburgh: Dunedin Academic Press. ISBN 978-1-903765-89-0. Duffy, S (2006). "The Royal Dynasties of Dublin and the Isles in the Eleventh Century". In Duffy, S (ed.). Medieval Dublin. Vol. 7. Dublin: Four Courts Press. pp. 51–65. ISBN 1-85182-974-1. Hudson, BT (2005). Viking Pirates and Christian Princes: Dynasty, Religion, and Empire in the North Atlantic. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-516237-0. Duffy, S (2002). "Emerging from the Mist: Ireland and Man in the Eleventh Century" (PDF). In Davey, P; Finlayson, D; Thomlinson, P (eds.). Mannin Revisited: Twelve Essays on Manx Culture and Environment. Edinburgh: The Scottish Society for Northern Studies. pp. 53–61. ISBN 0-9535226-2-8. Etchingham, C (2001). "North Wales, Ireland and the Isles: the Insular Viking Zone". Peritia. 15: 145–187. doi:10.1484/J.Peri.3.434. eISSN 2034-6506. ISSN 0332-1592. Oram, RD (2000). The Lordship of Galloway. Edinburgh: John Donald. ISBN 0-85976-541-5. Duffy, S (1992). "Irishmen and Islesmen in the Kingdoms of Dublin and Man, 1052–1171". Ériu. 43: 93–133. eISSN 2009-0056. ISSN 0332-0758. JSTOR 30007421. Waitz, G (1844). "Mariani Scotti Chronicon". In Pertz, GH (ed.). Monvmenta Germaniae Historica. Scriptores. Hanover: Hahn. pp. 481–568.
McGuigan (2015) p. 107; Charles-Edwards (2013) pp. 573–575, 573 n. 108; Flanagan (2010) p. 231 n. 196; Clancy (2008) p. 28; Downham (2007) p. 171; Duffy (2006) pp. 56–57; Forte; Oram; Pedersen (2005) p. 229; Hudson (2005) pp. 129, 138; Duffy (2002) pp. 53–54; Etchingham (2001) p. 160; Oram, RD (2000) p. 17; Duffy (1992) pp. 98–99. McGuigan, N (2015). Neither Scotland nor England: Middle Britain, c.850–1150 (PhD thesis). University of St Andrews. hdl:10023/7829. Charles-Edwards, TM (2013). Wales and the Britons, 350–1064. The History of Wales. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-821731-2. Flanagan, MT (2010). The Transformation of the Irish Church in the Twelfth and Thirteenth Centuries. Studies in Celtic History. Woodbridge: The Boydell Press. ISBN 978-1-84383-597-4. ISSN 0261-9865. Clancy, TO (2008). "The Gall-Ghàidheil and Galloway" (PDF). The Journal of Scottish Name Studies. 2: 19–51. ISSN 2054-9385. Downham, C (2007). Viking Kings of Britain and Ireland: The Dynasty of Ívarr to A.D. 1014. Edinburgh: Dunedin Academic Press. ISBN 978-1-903765-89-0. Duffy, S (2006). "The Royal Dynasties of Dublin and the Isles in the Eleventh Century". In Duffy, S (ed.). Medieval Dublin. Vol. 7. Dublin: Four Courts Press. pp. 51–65. ISBN 1-85182-974-1. Hudson, BT (2005). Viking Pirates and Christian Princes: Dynasty, Religion, and Empire in the North Atlantic. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-516237-0. Duffy, S (2002). "Emerging from the Mist: Ireland and Man in the Eleventh Century" (PDF). In Davey, P; Finlayson, D; Thomlinson, P (eds.). Mannin Revisited: Twelve Essays on Manx Culture and Environment. Edinburgh: The Scottish Society for Northern Studies. pp. 53–61. ISBN 0-9535226-2-8. Etchingham, C (2001). "North Wales, Ireland and the Isles: the Insular Viking Zone". Peritia. 15: 145–187. doi:10.1484/J.Peri.3.434. eISSN 2034-6506. ISSN 0332-1592. Oram, RD (2000). The Lordship of Galloway. Edinburgh: John Donald. ISBN 0-85976-541-5. Duffy, S (1992). "Irishmen and Islesmen in the Kingdoms of Dublin and Man, 1052–1171". Ériu. 43: 93–133. eISSN 2009-0056. ISSN 0332-0758. JSTOR 30007421.
Clarkson (2014) ch. 8; Charles-Edwards (2013) p. 574; Walker (2013) ch. 5; Oram, RD (2011) ch. 5; Bolton (2009) p. 142; Clancy (2008) p. 29; Downham (2007) p. 171; Woolf (2007) pp. 244–248; Hudson (2005) pp. 75, 132–133; Broun (2004d) p. 137 n. 112; Hudson (1996) pp. 222–223. Clarkson, T (2014). Strathclyde and the Anglo-Saxons in the Viking Age (EPUB). Edinburgh: John Donald. ISBN 978-1-907909-25-2. Charles-Edwards, TM (2013). Wales and the Britons, 350–1064. The History of Wales. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-821731-2. Walker, IW (2013) [2006]. Lords of Alba: The Making of Scotland (EPUB). Brimscombe Port: The History Press. ISBN 978-0-7524-9519-4. Oram, RD (2011) [2001]. The Kings & Queens of Scotland. Brimscombe Port: The History Press. ISBN 978-0-7524-7099-3. Bolton, T (2009). The Empire of Cnut the Great: Conquest and the Consolidation of Power in Northern Europe in the Early Eleventh Century. The Northern World: North Europe and the Baltic c. 400–1700 AD. Peoples, Economics and Cultures. Leiden: Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-16670-7. ISSN 1569-1462. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help) Clancy, TO (2008). "The Gall-Ghàidheil and Galloway" (PDF). The Journal of Scottish Name Studies. 2: 19–51. ISSN 2054-9385. Downham, C (2007). Viking Kings of Britain and Ireland: The Dynasty of Ívarr to A.D. 1014. Edinburgh: Dunedin Academic Press. ISBN 978-1-903765-89-0. Woolf, A (2007). From Pictland to Alba, 789–1070. The New Edinburgh History of Scotland. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 978-0-7486-1233-8. Hudson, BT (2005). Viking Pirates and Christian Princes: Dynasty, Religion, and Empire in the North Atlantic. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-516237-0. Broun, D (2004d). "The Welsh Identity of the Kingdom of Strathclyde c.900–c.1200". The Innes Review. 55 (2): 111–180. doi:10.3366/inr.2004.55.2.111. eISSN 1745-5219. ISSN 0020-157X. Hudson, BT (1996). Prophecy of Berchán: Irish and Scottish High-Kings of the Early Middle Ages. Contributions to the Study of World History. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. ISBN 0-313-29567-0. ISSN 0885-9159.
Clancy (2008) p. 30 n. 5; Jennings, AP (2001); Jennings, A (1996) p. 68; Jennings, A (1994) pp. 85–86; Anderson (1922) pp. 176–177 n. 6; Stokes (1905) pp. 175 § 10, 184 § 10, 185 § 10. Clancy, TO (2008). "The Gall-Ghàidheil and Galloway" (PDF). The Journal of Scottish Name Studies. 2: 19–51. ISSN 2054-9385. Jennings, AP (2001). "Galloway, Origins of". In Lynch, M (ed.). The Oxford Companion to Scottish History. Oxford Companions. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 257–258. ISBN 0-19-211696-7. Jennings, A (1996). "Historical and Linguistic Evidence for Gall-Gaidheil and Norse in Western Scotland". In Ureland, PS; Clarkson, I (eds.). Language Contact Across the North Atlantic. Tübingen: Max Niemeyer Verlag. pp. 61–74. doi:10.1515/9783110929652.61. ISBN 3-484-30359-X. ISSN 0344-6727. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help) Jennings, A (1994). Historical Study of the Gael and Norse in Western Scotland From c.795 to c.1000 (PhD thesis). University of Edinburgh. hdl:1842/15749. Stokes, W, ed. (1905). Félire Óengusso Céli Dé: The Martyrology of Oengus the Culdee. Publications of the Henry Bradshaw Society. London: Henry Bradshaw Society.
Charles-Edwards (2013) pp. 574–575; Clancy (2008) pp. 30–31; Jennings; Kruse (2009) p. 133; Anderson (1922) pp. 176–177 n. 6; Kelly (n.d.) p. xxxi § 10. Charles-Edwards, TM (2013). Wales and the Britons, 350–1064. The History of Wales. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-821731-2. Clancy, TO (2008). "The Gall-Ghàidheil and Galloway" (PDF). The Journal of Scottish Name Studies. 2: 19–51. ISSN 2054-9385. Jennings, A; Kruse, A (2009). "From Dál Riata to the Gall-Ghàidheil". Viking and Medieval Scandinavia. 5: 123–149. doi:10.1484/J.VMS.1.100676. hdl:20.500.11820/762e78fe-2a9c-43cf-8173-8300892b31cb. ISSN 1782-7183. Kelly, M, ed. (n.d.). Caldendar of Irish Saints: The Martyrology of Tallagh. Dublin: J. Mullany.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: year (link)
Charles-Edwards (2013) pp. 573–575; Clancy (2011) pp. 374, 386–387; Clancy (2008) p. 32. Charles-Edwards, TM (2013). Wales and the Britons, 350–1064. The History of Wales. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-821731-2. Clancy, TO (2011). "Gaelic in Medieval Scotland: Advent and Expansion: Sir John Rhys Memorial Lecture". Proceedings of the British Academy. 167. doi:10.5871/bacad/9780197264775.003.0011 – via British Academy Scholarship Online. Clancy, TO (2008). "The Gall-Ghàidheil and Galloway" (PDF). The Journal of Scottish Name Studies. 2: 19–51. ISSN 2054-9385.
Forte; Oram; Pedersen (2005) p. 229; Hudson (2005) p. 83 fig. 3; Etchingham (2001) pp. 158 n. 35; Thornton (1996) p. 88; Oram, RD (2000) p. 16; Duffy (1993) pp. 232–233. Hudson, BT (2005). Viking Pirates and Christian Princes: Dynasty, Religion, and Empire in the North Atlantic. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-516237-0. Etchingham, C (2001). "North Wales, Ireland and the Isles: the Insular Viking Zone". Peritia. 15: 145–187. doi:10.1484/J.Peri.3.434. eISSN 2034-6506. ISSN 0332-1592. Thornton, DE (1996). "The Genealogy of Gruffudd ap Cynan". In Maund, KL (ed.). Gruffudd ap Cynan: A Collaborative Biography. Studies in Celtic History. Woodbridge: The Boydell Press. pp. 79–108. ISBN 0-85115-389-5. ISSN 0261-9865. Oram, RD (2000). The Lordship of Galloway. Edinburgh: John Donald. ISBN 0-85976-541-5. Duffy, S (1993). Ireland and the Irish Sea Region, 1014–1318 (PhD thesis). Trinity College, Dublin. hdl:2262/77137.
Forte; Oram; Pedersen (2005) p. 229; Hudson (2005) p. 83 fig. 3; Etchingham (2001) p. 158 n. 35; Oram, RD (2000) p. 16; Thornton (1996) p. 88; Duffy (1993) pp. 232–233. Hudson, BT (2005). Viking Pirates and Christian Princes: Dynasty, Religion, and Empire in the North Atlantic. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-516237-0. Etchingham, C (2001). "North Wales, Ireland and the Isles: the Insular Viking Zone". Peritia. 15: 145–187. doi:10.1484/J.Peri.3.434. eISSN 2034-6506. ISSN 0332-1592. Oram, RD (2000). The Lordship of Galloway. Edinburgh: John Donald. ISBN 0-85976-541-5. Thornton, DE (1996). "The Genealogy of Gruffudd ap Cynan". In Maund, KL (ed.). Gruffudd ap Cynan: A Collaborative Biography. Studies in Celtic History. Woodbridge: The Boydell Press. pp. 79–108. ISBN 0-85115-389-5. ISSN 0261-9865. Duffy, S (1993). Ireland and the Irish Sea Region, 1014–1318 (PhD thesis). Trinity College, Dublin. hdl:2262/77137.
Forte; Oram; Pedersen (2005) p. 229; Hudson (2005) p. 83 fig. 3; Etchingham (2001) pp. 158 n. 35, 159, 187; Oram, RD (2000) p. 16; Thornton (1996) p. 88; Duffy (1993) p. 233. Hudson, BT (2005). Viking Pirates and Christian Princes: Dynasty, Religion, and Empire in the North Atlantic. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-516237-0. Etchingham, C (2001). "North Wales, Ireland and the Isles: the Insular Viking Zone". Peritia. 15: 145–187. doi:10.1484/J.Peri.3.434. eISSN 2034-6506. ISSN 0332-1592. Oram, RD (2000). The Lordship of Galloway. Edinburgh: John Donald. ISBN 0-85976-541-5. Thornton, DE (1996). "The Genealogy of Gruffudd ap Cynan". In Maund, KL (ed.). Gruffudd ap Cynan: A Collaborative Biography. Studies in Celtic History. Woodbridge: The Boydell Press. pp. 79–108. ISBN 0-85115-389-5. ISSN 0261-9865. Duffy, S (1993). Ireland and the Irish Sea Region, 1014–1318 (PhD thesis). Trinity College, Dublin. hdl:2262/77137.
Hudson (2005) pp. 83 fig. 3, 120–121; Etchingham (2001) p. 158 n. 35; Oram, RD (2000) p. 16; Thornton (1996) p. 88, 88 n. 36; Bartrum (1993) p. 171; Duffy (1993) pp. 232–233; Bartrum (1966) p. 136. Hudson, BT (2005). Viking Pirates and Christian Princes: Dynasty, Religion, and Empire in the North Atlantic. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-516237-0. Etchingham, C (2001). "North Wales, Ireland and the Isles: the Insular Viking Zone". Peritia. 15: 145–187. doi:10.1484/J.Peri.3.434. eISSN 2034-6506. ISSN 0332-1592. Oram, RD (2000). The Lordship of Galloway. Edinburgh: John Donald. ISBN 0-85976-541-5. Thornton, DE (1996). "The Genealogy of Gruffudd ap Cynan". In Maund, KL (ed.). Gruffudd ap Cynan: A Collaborative Biography. Studies in Celtic History. Woodbridge: The Boydell Press. pp. 79–108. ISBN 0-85115-389-5. ISSN 0261-9865. Bartrum, PC (1993). "Corrections to Early Welsh Genealogical Tracts". Bwletin y BWRDD Gwybodau Celtaidd. 40: 171–172. Duffy, S (1993). Ireland and the Irish Sea Region, 1014–1318 (PhD thesis). Trinity College, Dublin. hdl:2262/77137. Bartrum, PC (1966). Early Welsh Genealogical Tracts. Cardiff: University of Wales Press.
Williams (2012) pp. 22, 62–63; Clancy (2008) pp. 29, 32; Downham (2007) p. 198 n. 125; Forte; Oram; Pedersen (2005) p. 229; Etchingham (2001) pp. 158–159; Oram, RD (2000) p. 16; Duffy (1992) p. 99; Evans (1990) pp. 23–24, 53–55; Jones (1910) pp. 102–105. Williams, P, ed. (2012). Historical Texts From Medieval Wales. MHRA Library of Medieval Welsh Literature. London: Modern Humanities Research Association. ISBN 978-1-907322-60-0. Clancy, TO (2008). "The Gall-Ghàidheil and Galloway" (PDF). The Journal of Scottish Name Studies. 2: 19–51. ISSN 2054-9385. Downham, C (2007). Viking Kings of Britain and Ireland: The Dynasty of Ívarr to A.D. 1014. Edinburgh: Dunedin Academic Press. ISBN 978-1-903765-89-0. Etchingham, C (2001). "North Wales, Ireland and the Isles: the Insular Viking Zone". Peritia. 15: 145–187. doi:10.1484/J.Peri.3.434. eISSN 2034-6506. ISSN 0332-1592. Oram, RD (2000). The Lordship of Galloway. Edinburgh: John Donald. ISBN 0-85976-541-5. Duffy, S (1992). "Irishmen and Islesmen in the Kingdoms of Dublin and Man, 1052–1171". Ériu. 43: 93–133. eISSN 2009-0056. ISSN 0332-0758. JSTOR 30007421. Evans, DS, ed. (1990). A Mediaeval Prince of Wales: The Life of Gruffudd ap Cynan. Llanerch Enterprises. ISBN 0947992472. Jones, A, ed. (1910). The History of Gruffydd ap Cynan: The Welsh Text with Translation, Introduction, and Notes. Manchester: Sherratt & Hughes. OL 7100180M.
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Downham (2007) p. 198 n. 125; Etchingham (2001) pp. 159–161. Downham, C (2007). Viking Kings of Britain and Ireland: The Dynasty of Ívarr to A.D. 1014. Edinburgh: Dunedin Academic Press. ISBN 978-1-903765-89-0. Etchingham, C (2001). "North Wales, Ireland and the Isles: the Insular Viking Zone". Peritia. 15: 145–187. doi:10.1484/J.Peri.3.434. eISSN 2034-6506. ISSN 0332-1592.
Woolf (2000) p. 146 tab. 1. Woolf, A (2000). "The 'Moray Question' and the Kingship of Alba in the Tenth and Eleventh Centuries". Scottish Historical Review. 79 (2): 145–164. doi:10.3366/shr.2000.79.2.145. eISSN 1750-0222. ISSN 0036-9241.
Wadden (2016) pp. 180–181; McGuigan (2015) pp. 163, 171; Clarkson (2014) ch. 9; Walker (2013) ch. 5; Bolton (2009) p. 142; Clancy (2008) p. 37; Hudson (2005) p. 133; Moody; Martin; Byrne (2005) p. 466 n. 1; Woolf (2004) p. 100; Hudson (1994) pp. 117–118, 158; Ó Murchadha (1992–1993) p. 66; Kapelle (1979) pp. 38–39, 40 tab. 3, 41, 247–248 n. 39. Wadden, P (2016). "Dál Riata c. 1000: Genealogies and Irish Sea Politics". Scottish Historical Review. 95 (2): 164–181. doi:10.3366/shr.2016.0294. eISSN 1750-0222. ISSN 0036-9241. McGuigan, N (2015). Neither Scotland nor England: Middle Britain, c.850–1150 (PhD thesis). University of St Andrews. hdl:10023/7829. Clarkson, T (2014). Strathclyde and the Anglo-Saxons in the Viking Age (EPUB). Edinburgh: John Donald. ISBN 978-1-907909-25-2. Walker, IW (2013) [2006]. Lords of Alba: The Making of Scotland (EPUB). Brimscombe Port: The History Press. ISBN 978-0-7524-9519-4. Bolton, T (2009). The Empire of Cnut the Great: Conquest and the Consolidation of Power in Northern Europe in the Early Eleventh Century. The Northern World: North Europe and the Baltic c. 400–1700 AD. Peoples, Economics and Cultures. Leiden: Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-16670-7. ISSN 1569-1462. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help) Clancy, TO (2008). "The Gall-Ghàidheil and Galloway" (PDF). The Journal of Scottish Name Studies. 2: 19–51. ISSN 2054-9385. Hudson, BT (2005). Viking Pirates and Christian Princes: Dynasty, Religion, and Empire in the North Atlantic. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-516237-0. Moody, TW; Martin, FX; Byrne, FJ, eds. (2005). Maps, Genealogies, Lists: A Companion to Irish History. New History of Ireland. Oxford: Clarendon Press. ISBN 9780198217459. Woolf, A (2004). "The Age of Sea-Kings, 900–1300". In Omand, D (ed.). The Argyll Book. Edinburgh: Birlinn. pp. 94–109. ISBN 1-84158-253-0. Hudson, BT (1994). Kings of Celtic Scotland. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. ISBN 0-313-29087-3. ISSN 0885-9159. Archived from the original on 23 June 2019. Retrieved 17 August 2019. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help) Ó Murchadha, D (1992–1993). "Nationality Names in the Irish Annals" (PDF). Nomina. 16: 49–70. ISSN 0141-6340. Kapelle, WE (1979). The Norman Conquest of the North: The Region and its Transformation, 1000–1135. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 0-8078-1371-0.
Wadden (2016) pp. 180–181; Hudson (2005) p. 133; Woolf (2004) p. 100. Wadden, P (2016). "Dál Riata c. 1000: Genealogies and Irish Sea Politics". Scottish Historical Review. 95 (2): 164–181. doi:10.3366/shr.2016.0294. eISSN 1750-0222. ISSN 0036-9241. Hudson, BT (2005). Viking Pirates and Christian Princes: Dynasty, Religion, and Empire in the North Atlantic. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-516237-0. Woolf, A (2004). "The Age of Sea-Kings, 900–1300". In Omand, D (ed.). The Argyll Book. Edinburgh: Birlinn. pp. 94–109. ISBN 1-84158-253-0.
Wadden (2016) p. 180; McGuigan (2015) p. 171; Clancy (2008) p. 37; Woolf (2007) pp. 225–226, 253; Hudson (2005) p. 133; Woolf (2004) p. 100; Hudson (1996) pp. 52 § 183, 90 § 183, 221; Anderson (1930) p. 51 § 181; Skene (1867) p. 99. Wadden, P (2016). "Dál Riata c. 1000: Genealogies and Irish Sea Politics". Scottish Historical Review. 95 (2): 164–181. doi:10.3366/shr.2016.0294. eISSN 1750-0222. ISSN 0036-9241. McGuigan, N (2015). Neither Scotland nor England: Middle Britain, c.850–1150 (PhD thesis). University of St Andrews. hdl:10023/7829. Clancy, TO (2008). "The Gall-Ghàidheil and Galloway" (PDF). The Journal of Scottish Name Studies. 2: 19–51. ISSN 2054-9385. Woolf, A (2007). From Pictland to Alba, 789–1070. The New Edinburgh History of Scotland. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 978-0-7486-1233-8. Hudson, BT (2005). Viking Pirates and Christian Princes: Dynasty, Religion, and Empire in the North Atlantic. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-516237-0. Woolf, A (2004). "The Age of Sea-Kings, 900–1300". In Omand, D (ed.). The Argyll Book. Edinburgh: Birlinn. pp. 94–109. ISBN 1-84158-253-0. Hudson, BT (1996). Prophecy of Berchán: Irish and Scottish High-Kings of the Early Middle Ages. Contributions to the Study of World History. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. ISBN 0-313-29567-0. ISSN 0885-9159. Anderson, AO (1930). "The Prophecy of Berchan". Zeitschrift für celtische Philologie. 18: 1–56. doi:10.1515/zcph.1930.18.1.1. eISSN 1865-889X. ISSN 0084-5302. S2CID 162902103. Skene, WF, ed. (1867). Chronicles of the Picts, Chronicles of the Scots, and Other Early Memorials of Scottish History. Edinburgh: H.M. General Register House. OL 23286818M.
Wadden (2016) p. 180; Clancy (2008) p. 37; Woolf (2007) pp. 225–226; Woolf (2004) p. 100; Hudson (1996) pp. 52 § 183, 90 § 183; Anderson (1930) p. 51 § 181; Skene (1867) p. 99. Wadden, P (2016). "Dál Riata c. 1000: Genealogies and Irish Sea Politics". Scottish Historical Review. 95 (2): 164–181. doi:10.3366/shr.2016.0294. eISSN 1750-0222. ISSN 0036-9241. Clancy, TO (2008). "The Gall-Ghàidheil and Galloway" (PDF). The Journal of Scottish Name Studies. 2: 19–51. ISSN 2054-9385. Woolf, A (2007). From Pictland to Alba, 789–1070. The New Edinburgh History of Scotland. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 978-0-7486-1233-8. Woolf, A (2004). "The Age of Sea-Kings, 900–1300". In Omand, D (ed.). The Argyll Book. Edinburgh: Birlinn. pp. 94–109. ISBN 1-84158-253-0. Hudson, BT (1996). Prophecy of Berchán: Irish and Scottish High-Kings of the Early Middle Ages. Contributions to the Study of World History. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. ISBN 0-313-29567-0. ISSN 0885-9159. Anderson, AO (1930). "The Prophecy of Berchan". Zeitschrift für celtische Philologie. 18: 1–56. doi:10.1515/zcph.1930.18.1.1. eISSN 1865-889X. ISSN 0084-5302. S2CID 162902103. Skene, WF, ed. (1867). Chronicles of the Picts, Chronicles of the Scots, and Other Early Memorials of Scottish History. Edinburgh: H.M. General Register House. OL 23286818M.
Broun (2015a); Charles-Edwards (2013) p. 571; Oram, RD (2011) ch. 5; Bolton (2009) p. 142; Hudson (2005) p. 133; Oram, R (2001); Hudson (1994) pp. 115–117. Broun, D (2015a) [1997]. "Malcolm II". In Crowcroft, R; Cannon, J (eds.). The Oxford Companion to British History (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acref/9780199677832.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-967783-2 – via Oxford Reference. Charles-Edwards, TM (2013). Wales and the Britons, 350–1064. The History of Wales. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-821731-2. Oram, RD (2011) [2001]. The Kings & Queens of Scotland. Brimscombe Port: The History Press. ISBN 978-0-7524-7099-3. Bolton, T (2009). The Empire of Cnut the Great: Conquest and the Consolidation of Power in Northern Europe in the Early Eleventh Century. The Northern World: North Europe and the Baltic c. 400–1700 AD. Peoples, Economics and Cultures. Leiden: Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-16670-7. ISSN 1569-1462. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help) Hudson, BT (2005). Viking Pirates and Christian Princes: Dynasty, Religion, and Empire in the North Atlantic. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-516237-0. Oram, R (2001). "Borders: 1. to 1603". In Lynch, M (ed.). The Oxford Companion to Scottish History. Oxford Companions. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 42–43. ISBN 0-19-211696-7. Hudson, BT (1994). Kings of Celtic Scotland. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. ISBN 0-313-29087-3. ISSN 0885-9159. Archived from the original on 23 June 2019. Retrieved 17 August 2019. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help)
Oram, RD (2011) ch. 5; Bolton (2009) p. 142; Hudson (2005) pp. 75, 133; Broun (2004c); Hudson (1994) p. 117. Oram, RD (2011) [2001]. The Kings & Queens of Scotland. Brimscombe Port: The History Press. ISBN 978-0-7524-7099-3. Bolton, T (2009). The Empire of Cnut the Great: Conquest and the Consolidation of Power in Northern Europe in the Early Eleventh Century. The Northern World: North Europe and the Baltic c. 400–1700 AD. Peoples, Economics and Cultures. Leiden: Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-16670-7. ISSN 1569-1462. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help) Hudson, BT (2005). Viking Pirates and Christian Princes: Dynasty, Religion, and Empire in the North Atlantic. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-516237-0. Broun, D (2004c). "Malcolm II (d. 1034)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/17858. Retrieved 24 October 2011. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.) Hudson, BT (1994). Kings of Celtic Scotland. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. ISBN 0-313-29087-3. ISSN 0885-9159. Archived from the original on 23 June 2019. Retrieved 17 August 2019. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help)
Parsons (2011) pp. 132, 139; Clancy (2008) p. 37; Woolf (2007) p. 254, 254 n. 49; Broun (2004d) p. 136. Parsons, DN (2011). "On the Origin of 'Hiberno-Norse Inversion-Compounds'" (PDF). The Journal of Scottish Name Studies. 5: 115–152. ISSN 2054-9385. Clancy, TO (2008). "The Gall-Ghàidheil and Galloway" (PDF). The Journal of Scottish Name Studies. 2: 19–51. ISSN 2054-9385. Woolf, A (2007). From Pictland to Alba, 789–1070. The New Edinburgh History of Scotland. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 978-0-7486-1233-8. Broun, D (2004d). "The Welsh Identity of the Kingdom of Strathclyde c.900–c.1200". The Innes Review. 55 (2): 111–180. doi:10.3366/inr.2004.55.2.111. eISSN 1745-5219. ISSN 0020-157X.
Broun (2015b); Edmonds (2014) pp. 209, 214; Taylor (2006) p. 26; Broun (2004c); Broun (2004d) pp. 134, 139 n. 117; Kapelle (1979) p. 38. Broun, D (2015b) [1997]. "Strathclyde, Kingdom of". In Crowcroft, R; Cannon, J (eds.). The Oxford Companion to British History (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acref/9780199677832.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-967783-2 – via Oxford Reference. Edmonds, F (2014). "The Emergence and Transformation of Medieval Cumbria". Scottish Historical Review. 93 (2): 195–216. doi:10.3366/shr.2014.0216. eISSN 1750-0222. ISSN 0036-9241. Taylor, S (2006). "The Early History and Languages of West Dunbartonshire". In Brown, I (ed.). Changing Identities, Ancient Roots: The History of West Dunbartonshire From Earliest Times. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. pp. 12–41. ISBN 978-0-7486-2561-1. Broun, D (2004c). "Malcolm II (d. 1034)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/17858. Retrieved 24 October 2011. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.) Broun, D (2004d). "The Welsh Identity of the Kingdom of Strathclyde c.900–c.1200". The Innes Review. 55 (2): 111–180. doi:10.3366/inr.2004.55.2.111. eISSN 1745-5219. ISSN 0020-157X. Kapelle, WE (1979). The Norman Conquest of the North: The Region and its Transformation, 1000–1135. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 0-8078-1371-0.
Broun (2015a); Broun (2015b); Broun (2004c); Oram, R (2001); Kapelle (1979) pp. 38–39. Broun, D (2015a) [1997]. "Malcolm II". In Crowcroft, R; Cannon, J (eds.). The Oxford Companion to British History (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acref/9780199677832.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-967783-2 – via Oxford Reference. Broun, D (2015b) [1997]. "Strathclyde, Kingdom of". In Crowcroft, R; Cannon, J (eds.). The Oxford Companion to British History (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acref/9780199677832.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-967783-2 – via Oxford Reference. Broun, D (2004c). "Malcolm II (d. 1034)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/17858. Retrieved 24 October 2011. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.) Oram, R (2001). "Borders: 1. to 1603". In Lynch, M (ed.). The Oxford Companion to Scottish History. Oxford Companions. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 42–43. ISBN 0-19-211696-7. Kapelle, WE (1979). The Norman Conquest of the North: The Region and its Transformation, 1000–1135. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 0-8078-1371-0.
Broun (2004d) p. 136. Broun, D (2004d). "The Welsh Identity of the Kingdom of Strathclyde c.900–c.1200". The Innes Review. 55 (2): 111–180. doi:10.3366/inr.2004.55.2.111. eISSN 1745-5219. ISSN 0020-157X.
Edmonds (2014) p. 210, 210 n. 88; Clarkson (2010) ch. 9; The Annals of Tigernach (2010) § 1030.11; Woolf (2007) p. 254; Annals of Tigernach (2005) § 1030.11; Broun (2004d) pp. 136–137. Edmonds, F (2014). "The Emergence and Transformation of Medieval Cumbria". Scottish Historical Review. 93 (2): 195–216. doi:10.3366/shr.2014.0216. eISSN 1750-0222. ISSN 0036-9241. Clarkson, T (2010). The Men of the North: The Britons and Southern Scotland (EPUB). Edinburgh: John Donald. ISBN 978-1-907909-02-3. "The Annals of Tigernach". Corpus of Electronic Texts (2 November 2010 ed.). University College Cork. 2010. Retrieved 12 October 2015. Woolf, A (2007). From Pictland to Alba, 789–1070. The New Edinburgh History of Scotland. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 978-0-7486-1233-8. "Annals of Tigernach". Corpus of Electronic Texts (13 April 2005 ed.). University College Cork. 2005. Retrieved 12 October 2015. Broun, D (2004d). "The Welsh Identity of the Kingdom of Strathclyde c.900–c.1200". The Innes Review. 55 (2): 111–180. doi:10.3366/inr.2004.55.2.111. eISSN 1745-5219. ISSN 0020-157X.
Clarkson (2010) ch. 9; Woolf (2007) p. 254; Broun (2004d) pp. 136–137. Clarkson, T (2010). The Men of the North: The Britons and Southern Scotland (EPUB). Edinburgh: John Donald. ISBN 978-1-907909-02-3. Woolf, A (2007). From Pictland to Alba, 789–1070. The New Edinburgh History of Scotland. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 978-0-7486-1233-8. Broun, D (2004d). "The Welsh Identity of the Kingdom of Strathclyde c.900–c.1200". The Innes Review. 55 (2): 111–180. doi:10.3366/inr.2004.55.2.111. eISSN 1745-5219. ISSN 0020-157X.
Edmonds (2014) pp. 207–208, 208 n. 69; Book of Leinster (2012) §§ 24980–24985. Edmonds, F (2014). "The Emergence and Transformation of Medieval Cumbria". Scottish Historical Review. 93 (2): 195–216. doi:10.3366/shr.2014.0216. eISSN 1750-0222. ISSN 0036-9241. "Book of Leinster, Formerly Lebar na Núachongbála". Corpus of Electronic Texts (14 February 2012 ed.). University College Cork. 2012. Retrieved 20 October 2015.
Edmonds (2014) p. 209; Minard (2012); Minard (2006); Arnold (1885) p. 156 ch. 130; Stevenson (1855) p. 527, 527 n. 4. Edmonds, F (2014). "The Emergence and Transformation of Medieval Cumbria". Scottish Historical Review. 93 (2): 195–216. doi:10.3366/shr.2014.0216. eISSN 1750-0222. ISSN 0036-9241. Minard, A (2012). "Cumbria". In Koch, JT; Minard, A (eds.). The Celts: History, Life, and Culture. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO. pp. 234–235. ISBN 978-1-59884-964-6. Minard, A (2006). "Cumbria". In Koch, JT (ed.). Celtic Culture: A Historical Encyclopedia. Vol. 2. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO. pp. 514–515. ISBN 1-85109-445-8. Arnold, T, ed. (1885). Symeonis Monachi Opera Omnia. Rerum Britannicarum Medii Ævi Scriptores. Vol. 2. London: Longmans & Co. Stevenson, J, ed. (1855). The Church Historians of England. Vol. 3, pt. 2. London: Seeleys. OL 7055940M.
Broun (2004d) pp. 137–138. Broun, D (2004d). "The Welsh Identity of the Kingdom of Strathclyde c.900–c.1200". The Innes Review. 55 (2): 111–180. doi:10.3366/inr.2004.55.2.111. eISSN 1745-5219. ISSN 0020-157X.
Broun (2015a); Woolf (2009) p. 262; Broun (2004c). Broun, D (2015a) [1997]. "Malcolm II". In Crowcroft, R; Cannon, J (eds.). The Oxford Companion to British History (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acref/9780199677832.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-967783-2 – via Oxford Reference. Woolf, A (2009). "Scotland". In Stafford, P (ed.). A Companion to the Early Middle Ages: Britain and Ireland, c.500–c.1100. Blackwell Companions to British History. Chichester: Blackwell Publishing. pp. 251–267. ISBN 978-1-405-10628-3. Broun, D (2004c). "Malcolm II (d. 1034)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/17858. Retrieved 24 October 2011. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
Broun (2004c). Broun, D (2004c). "Malcolm II (d. 1034)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/17858. Retrieved 24 October 2011. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
Walker (2013) ch. 5; The Annals of Ulster (2012) § 1033.7; Woolf (2009) p. 262; The Annals of Ulster (2008) § 1033.7; Woolf (2007) p. 247 n. 34; Broun (2004a); Broun (2004b); Broun (2004c); Duncan (1996) p. 113, 113 n. 25; Hudson (1996) p. 221; Smyth (1989) p. 226. Walker, IW (2013) [2006]. Lords of Alba: The Making of Scotland (EPUB). Brimscombe Port: The History Press. ISBN 978-0-7524-9519-4. "The Annals of Ulster". Corpus of Electronic Texts (15 August 2012 ed.). University College Cork. 2012. Retrieved 11 October 2015. Woolf, A (2009). "Scotland". In Stafford, P (ed.). A Companion to the Early Middle Ages: Britain and Ireland, c.500–c.1100. Blackwell Companions to British History. Chichester: Blackwell Publishing. pp. 251–267. ISBN 978-1-405-10628-3. "The Annals of Ulster". Corpus of Electronic Texts (29 August 2008 ed.). University College Cork. 2008. Retrieved 11 October 2015. Woolf, A (2007). From Pictland to Alba, 789–1070. The New Edinburgh History of Scotland. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 978-0-7486-1233-8. Broun, D (2004a). "Kenneth II (d. 995)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/15399. Retrieved 3 December 2015. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.) Broun, D (2004b). "Kenneth III (d. 1005)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/15400. Retrieved 3 December 2015. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.) Broun, D (2004c). "Malcolm II (d. 1034)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/17858. Retrieved 24 October 2011. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.) Duncan, AAM (1996) [1975]. Scotland: The Making of the Kingdom. The Edinburgh History of Scotland. Edinburgh: Mercat Press. ISBN 0-901824-83-6. Hudson, BT (1996). Prophecy of Berchán: Irish and Scottish High-Kings of the Early Middle Ages. Contributions to the Study of World History. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. ISBN 0-313-29567-0. ISSN 0885-9159. Smyth, AP (1989) [1984]. Warlords and Holy Men: Scotland, AD 80–1000. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 0-7486-0100-7.
Walker (2013) ch. 5; Broun (2015a); Woolf (2009) p. 262; Woolf (2007) p. 247, 247 n. 34; Broun (2004b); Broun (2004c); Ross (2003) p. 145; Woolf (2001); Duncan (1996) p. 113, 113 n. 25; Hudson (1996) p. 221; Kapelle (1979) p. 41. Walker, IW (2013) [2006]. Lords of Alba: The Making of Scotland (EPUB). Brimscombe Port: The History Press. ISBN 978-0-7524-9519-4. Broun, D (2015a) [1997]. "Malcolm II". In Crowcroft, R; Cannon, J (eds.). The Oxford Companion to British History (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acref/9780199677832.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-967783-2 – via Oxford Reference. Woolf, A (2009). "Scotland". In Stafford, P (ed.). A Companion to the Early Middle Ages: Britain and Ireland, c.500–c.1100. Blackwell Companions to British History. Chichester: Blackwell Publishing. pp. 251–267. ISBN 978-1-405-10628-3. Woolf, A (2007). From Pictland to Alba, 789–1070. The New Edinburgh History of Scotland. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 978-0-7486-1233-8. Broun, D (2004b). "Kenneth III (d. 1005)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/15400. Retrieved 3 December 2015. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.) Broun, D (2004c). "Malcolm II (d. 1034)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/17858. Retrieved 24 October 2011. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.) Ross, AD (2003). The Province of Moray, c. 1000–1230 (PhD thesis). Vol. 1. University of Aberdeen. Woolf, A (2001). "Macbeth". In Lynch, M (ed.). The Oxford Companion to Scottish History. Oxford Companions. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 402. ISBN 0-19-211696-7. Duncan, AAM (1996) [1975]. Scotland: The Making of the Kingdom. The Edinburgh History of Scotland. Edinburgh: Mercat Press. ISBN 0-901824-83-6. Hudson, BT (1996). Prophecy of Berchán: Irish and Scottish High-Kings of the Early Middle Ages. Contributions to the Study of World History. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. ISBN 0-313-29567-0. ISSN 0885-9159. Kapelle, WE (1979). The Norman Conquest of the North: The Region and its Transformation, 1000–1135. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 0-8078-1371-0.
Walker (2013) ch. 5; Broun (2004b); Ross (2003) p. 145; Woolf (2001); Hudson (1996) p. 221; Smyth (1989) p. 226. Walker, IW (2013) [2006]. Lords of Alba: The Making of Scotland (EPUB). Brimscombe Port: The History Press. ISBN 978-0-7524-9519-4. Broun, D (2004b). "Kenneth III (d. 1005)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/15400. Retrieved 3 December 2015. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.) Ross, AD (2003). The Province of Moray, c. 1000–1230 (PhD thesis). Vol. 1. University of Aberdeen. Woolf, A (2001). "Macbeth". In Lynch, M (ed.). The Oxford Companion to Scottish History. Oxford Companions. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 402. ISBN 0-19-211696-7. Hudson, BT (1996). Prophecy of Berchán: Irish and Scottish High-Kings of the Early Middle Ages. Contributions to the Study of World History. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. ISBN 0-313-29567-0. ISSN 0885-9159. Smyth, AP (1989) [1984]. Warlords and Holy Men: Scotland, AD 80–1000. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 0-7486-0100-7.
Broun (2015a); Kapelle (1979) p. 41. Broun, D (2015a) [1997]. "Malcolm II". In Crowcroft, R; Cannon, J (eds.). The Oxford Companion to British History (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acref/9780199677832.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-967783-2 – via Oxford Reference. Kapelle, WE (1979). The Norman Conquest of the North: The Region and its Transformation, 1000–1135. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 0-8078-1371-0.

handle.net

hdl.handle.net

McGuigan (2015); Bolton (2009); Moody; Martin; Byrne (2005); Jennings, A (1994). McGuigan, N (2015). Neither Scotland nor England: Middle Britain, c.850–1150 (PhD thesis). University of St Andrews. hdl:10023/7829. Bolton, T (2009). The Empire of Cnut the Great: Conquest and the Consolidation of Power in Northern Europe in the Early Eleventh Century. The Northern World: North Europe and the Baltic c. 400–1700 AD. Peoples, Economics and Cultures. Leiden: Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-16670-7. ISSN 1569-1462. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help) Moody, TW; Martin, FX; Byrne, FJ, eds. (2005). Maps, Genealogies, Lists: A Companion to Irish History. New History of Ireland. Oxford: Clarendon Press. ISBN 9780198217459. Jennings, A (1994). Historical Study of the Gael and Norse in Western Scotland From c.795 to c.1000 (PhD thesis). University of Edinburgh. hdl:1842/15749.
Forte; Oram; Pedersen (2005); Oram, RD (2000); Oram, RD (1988). Oram, RD (2000). The Lordship of Galloway. Edinburgh: John Donald. ISBN 0-85976-541-5. Oram, RD (1988). The Lordship of Galloway, c. 1000 to c. 1250 (PhD thesis). University of St Andrews. hdl:10023/2638.
Wadden (2016) p. 180; McDonald (2015) p. 73; McGuigan (2015) p. 163; Etchingham (2014) p. 27; Charles-Edwards (2013) p. 573; Walker (2013) ch. 5; The Annals of Ulster (2012) § 1034.10; The Annals of Tigernach (2010) § 1034.3; Bolton (2009) p. 142; Jennings; Kruse (2009) p. 125; Annals of Loch Cé (2008) § 1034.8; Clancy (2008) pp. 25, 36; The Annals of Ulster (2008) § 1034.10; Downham (2007) p. 171; Woolf (2007) p. 253; Annals of Loch Cé (2005) § 1034.8; Annals of Tigernach (2005) § 1034.3; Hudson (2005) p. 133; Broun (2004d) p. 136; MacQueen (2003) p. 69 n. 8; Oram, RD (2000) p. 7; Hudson (1994) p. 117; Jennings, A (1994) p. 143; Ó Murchadha (1992–1993) p. 66; Ó Murchú (1992) p. 36; Oram, RD (1988) p. 7; Kapelle (1979) pp. 247–248 n. 39; Anderson (1922) p. 578, 578 n. 1. Wadden, P (2016). "Dál Riata c. 1000: Genealogies and Irish Sea Politics". Scottish Historical Review. 95 (2): 164–181. doi:10.3366/shr.2016.0294. eISSN 1750-0222. ISSN 0036-9241. McDonald, RW (2015). "Outsiders, Vikings, and Merchants: The Context Dependency of the Gall-Ghàidheil in Medieval Ireland and Scotland". Journal of the Australian Early Medieval Association. 11: 67–86. doi:10.35253/JAEMA.2015.1.4. ISSN 1449-9320. McGuigan, N (2015). Neither Scotland nor England: Middle Britain, c.850–1150 (PhD thesis). University of St Andrews. hdl:10023/7829. Etchingham, C (2014). "Names for the Vikings in Irish Annals". In Sigurðsson, JV; Bolton, T (eds.). Celtic-Norse Relationships in the Irish Sea in the Middle Ages, 800–1200. The Northern World: North Europe and the Baltic c. 400–1700 AD. Peoples, Economics and Cultures. Leiden: Brill. pp. 23–38. ISBN 978-90-04-25512-8. ISSN 1569-1462. Charles-Edwards, TM (2013). Wales and the Britons, 350–1064. The History of Wales. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-821731-2. Walker, IW (2013) [2006]. Lords of Alba: The Making of Scotland (EPUB). Brimscombe Port: The History Press. ISBN 978-0-7524-9519-4. "The Annals of Ulster". Corpus of Electronic Texts (15 August 2012 ed.). University College Cork. 2012. Retrieved 11 October 2015. "The Annals of Tigernach". Corpus of Electronic Texts (2 November 2010 ed.). University College Cork. 2010. Retrieved 12 October 2015. Bolton, T (2009). The Empire of Cnut the Great: Conquest and the Consolidation of Power in Northern Europe in the Early Eleventh Century. The Northern World: North Europe and the Baltic c. 400–1700 AD. Peoples, Economics and Cultures. Leiden: Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-16670-7. ISSN 1569-1462. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help) Jennings, A; Kruse, A (2009). "From Dál Riata to the Gall-Ghàidheil". Viking and Medieval Scandinavia. 5: 123–149. doi:10.1484/J.VMS.1.100676. hdl:20.500.11820/762e78fe-2a9c-43cf-8173-8300892b31cb. ISSN 1782-7183. "Annals of Loch Cé". Corpus of Electronic Texts (5 September 2008 ed.). University College Cork. 2008. Retrieved 14 October 2015. Clancy, TO (2008). "The Gall-Ghàidheil and Galloway" (PDF). The Journal of Scottish Name Studies. 2: 19–51. ISSN 2054-9385. "The Annals of Ulster". Corpus of Electronic Texts (29 August 2008 ed.). University College Cork. 2008. Retrieved 11 October 2015. Downham, C (2007). Viking Kings of Britain and Ireland: The Dynasty of Ívarr to A.D. 1014. Edinburgh: Dunedin Academic Press. ISBN 978-1-903765-89-0. Woolf, A (2007). From Pictland to Alba, 789–1070. The New Edinburgh History of Scotland. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 978-0-7486-1233-8. "Annals of Loch Cé". Corpus of Electronic Texts (13 April 2005 ed.). University College Cork. 2005. Retrieved 14 October 2015. "Annals of Tigernach". Corpus of Electronic Texts (13 April 2005 ed.). University College Cork. 2005. Retrieved 12 October 2015. Hudson, BT (2005). Viking Pirates and Christian Princes: Dynasty, Religion, and Empire in the North Atlantic. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-516237-0. Broun, D (2004d). "The Welsh Identity of the Kingdom of Strathclyde c.900–c.1200". The Innes Review. 55 (2): 111–180. doi:10.3366/inr.2004.55.2.111. eISSN 1745-5219. ISSN 0020-157X. MacQueen, HL (2003). "Survival and Success: The Kennedys of Dunure". In Boardman, S; Ross, A (eds.). The Exercise of Power in Medieval Scotland, 1200–1500. Dublin: Four Courts Press. pp. 67–94. Oram, RD (2000). The Lordship of Galloway. Edinburgh: John Donald. ISBN 0-85976-541-5. Hudson, BT (1994). Kings of Celtic Scotland. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. ISBN 0-313-29087-3. ISSN 0885-9159. Archived from the original on 23 June 2019. Retrieved 17 August 2019. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help) Jennings, A (1994). Historical Study of the Gael and Norse in Western Scotland From c.795 to c.1000 (PhD thesis). University of Edinburgh. hdl:1842/15749. Ó Murchadha, D (1992–1993). "Nationality Names in the Irish Annals" (PDF). Nomina. 16: 49–70. ISSN 0141-6340. Ó Murchú, M (1992). "The Irish Language". In Price, G (ed.). The Celtic Connection. The Princess Grace Irish Library. Gerrards Cross: Colin Smythe. pp. 30–64. ISBN 0-86140-248-0. Oram, RD (1988). The Lordship of Galloway, c. 1000 to c. 1250 (PhD thesis). University of St Andrews. hdl:10023/2638. Kapelle, WE (1979). The Norman Conquest of the North: The Region and its Transformation, 1000–1135. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 0-8078-1371-0.
Etchingham (2014) p. 27; Clarkson (2010) ch. 9; Forte; Oram; Pedersen (2005) p. 96; Oram, RD (2000) p. 7; Jennings, A (1994) p. 146; Smyth (1989) p. 213. Etchingham, C (2014). "Names for the Vikings in Irish Annals". In Sigurðsson, JV; Bolton, T (eds.). Celtic-Norse Relationships in the Irish Sea in the Middle Ages, 800–1200. The Northern World: North Europe and the Baltic c. 400–1700 AD. Peoples, Economics and Cultures. Leiden: Brill. pp. 23–38. ISBN 978-90-04-25512-8. ISSN 1569-1462. Clarkson, T (2010). The Men of the North: The Britons and Southern Scotland (EPUB). Edinburgh: John Donald. ISBN 978-1-907909-02-3. Oram, RD (2000). The Lordship of Galloway. Edinburgh: John Donald. ISBN 0-85976-541-5. Jennings, A (1994). Historical Study of the Gael and Norse in Western Scotland From c.795 to c.1000 (PhD thesis). University of Edinburgh. hdl:1842/15749. Smyth, AP (1989) [1984]. Warlords and Holy Men: Scotland, AD 80–1000. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 0-7486-0100-7.
Forte; Oram; Pedersen (2005) p. 96; Oram, RD (2000) p. 7; Oram, RD (1988) pp. 7–8. Oram, RD (2000). The Lordship of Galloway. Edinburgh: John Donald. ISBN 0-85976-541-5. Oram, RD (1988). The Lordship of Galloway, c. 1000 to c. 1250 (PhD thesis). University of St Andrews. hdl:10023/2638.
Jennings, AP (2001); Jennings, A (1996) p. 68; Jennings, A (1994) pp. 86–87. Jennings, AP (2001). "Galloway, Origins of". In Lynch, M (ed.). The Oxford Companion to Scottish History. Oxford Companions. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 257–258. ISBN 0-19-211696-7. Jennings, A (1996). "Historical and Linguistic Evidence for Gall-Gaidheil and Norse in Western Scotland". In Ureland, PS; Clarkson, I (eds.). Language Contact Across the North Atlantic. Tübingen: Max Niemeyer Verlag. pp. 61–74. doi:10.1515/9783110929652.61. ISBN 3-484-30359-X. ISSN 0344-6727. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help) Jennings, A (1994). Historical Study of the Gael and Norse in Western Scotland From c.795 to c.1000 (PhD thesis). University of Edinburgh. hdl:1842/15749.
Jennings, A (2015); Jennings; Kruse (2009) pp. 123–124, 144; Jennings, AP (2001); Jennings, A (1998) p. 46; Jennings, A (1996) p. 66; Jennings, A (1994) pp. 78–79. Jennings, A (2015) [1997]. "Isles, Kingdom of the". In Crowcroft, R; Cannon, J (eds.). The Oxford Companion to British History (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acref/9780199677832.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-967783-2 – via Oxford Reference. Jennings, A; Kruse, A (2009). "From Dál Riata to the Gall-Ghàidheil". Viking and Medieval Scandinavia. 5: 123–149. doi:10.1484/J.VMS.1.100676. hdl:20.500.11820/762e78fe-2a9c-43cf-8173-8300892b31cb. ISSN 1782-7183. Jennings, AP (2001). "Galloway, Origins of". In Lynch, M (ed.). The Oxford Companion to Scottish History. Oxford Companions. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 257–258. ISBN 0-19-211696-7. Jennings, A (1998). "Iona and the Vikings: Survival and Continuity" (PDF). Northern Studies. 33: 37–54. ISSN 0305-506X. Jennings, A (1996). "Historical and Linguistic Evidence for Gall-Gaidheil and Norse in Western Scotland". In Ureland, PS; Clarkson, I (eds.). Language Contact Across the North Atlantic. Tübingen: Max Niemeyer Verlag. pp. 61–74. doi:10.1515/9783110929652.61. ISBN 3-484-30359-X. ISSN 0344-6727. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help) Jennings, A (1994). Historical Study of the Gael and Norse in Western Scotland From c.795 to c.1000 (PhD thesis). University of Edinburgh. hdl:1842/15749.
Jennings; Kruse (2009) p. 144; Woolf (2007) p. 100 n. 24. Jennings, A; Kruse, A (2009). "From Dál Riata to the Gall-Ghàidheil". Viking and Medieval Scandinavia. 5: 123–149. doi:10.1484/J.VMS.1.100676. hdl:20.500.11820/762e78fe-2a9c-43cf-8173-8300892b31cb. ISSN 1782-7183. Woolf, A (2007). From Pictland to Alba, 789–1070. The New Edinburgh History of Scotland. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 978-0-7486-1233-8.
Jennings, A (2015); Jennings; Kruse (2009); Jennings, A (1996); Jennings, A (1994) p. 78. Jennings, A (2015) [1997]. "Isles, Kingdom of the". In Crowcroft, R; Cannon, J (eds.). The Oxford Companion to British History (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acref/9780199677832.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-967783-2 – via Oxford Reference. Jennings, A; Kruse, A (2009). "From Dál Riata to the Gall-Ghàidheil". Viking and Medieval Scandinavia. 5: 123–149. doi:10.1484/J.VMS.1.100676. hdl:20.500.11820/762e78fe-2a9c-43cf-8173-8300892b31cb. ISSN 1782-7183. Jennings, A (1996). "Historical and Linguistic Evidence for Gall-Gaidheil and Norse in Western Scotland". In Ureland, PS; Clarkson, I (eds.). Language Contact Across the North Atlantic. Tübingen: Max Niemeyer Verlag. pp. 61–74. doi:10.1515/9783110929652.61. ISBN 3-484-30359-X. ISSN 0344-6727. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help) Jennings, A (1994). Historical Study of the Gael and Norse in Western Scotland From c.795 to c.1000 (PhD thesis). University of Edinburgh. hdl:1842/15749.
Jennings; Kruse (2009) pp. 126, 132–133; Jennings, AP (2001); Jennings, A (1996) p. 67; Jennings, A (1994) pp. 83, 180. Jennings, A; Kruse, A (2009). "From Dál Riata to the Gall-Ghàidheil". Viking and Medieval Scandinavia. 5: 123–149. doi:10.1484/J.VMS.1.100676. hdl:20.500.11820/762e78fe-2a9c-43cf-8173-8300892b31cb. ISSN 1782-7183. Jennings, AP (2001). "Galloway, Origins of". In Lynch, M (ed.). The Oxford Companion to Scottish History. Oxford Companions. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 257–258. ISBN 0-19-211696-7. Jennings, A (1996). "Historical and Linguistic Evidence for Gall-Gaidheil and Norse in Western Scotland". In Ureland, PS; Clarkson, I (eds.). Language Contact Across the North Atlantic. Tübingen: Max Niemeyer Verlag. pp. 61–74. doi:10.1515/9783110929652.61. ISBN 3-484-30359-X. ISSN 0344-6727. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help) Jennings, A (1994). Historical Study of the Gael and Norse in Western Scotland From c.795 to c.1000 (PhD thesis). University of Edinburgh. hdl:1842/15749.
Jennings; Kruse (2009) pp. 126–128, 131–133; Jennings, AP (2001); Jennings, A (1996) p. 67; Jennings, A (1994) pp. 83–85, 114, 141, 180. Jennings, A; Kruse, A (2009). "From Dál Riata to the Gall-Ghàidheil". Viking and Medieval Scandinavia. 5: 123–149. doi:10.1484/J.VMS.1.100676. hdl:20.500.11820/762e78fe-2a9c-43cf-8173-8300892b31cb. ISSN 1782-7183. Jennings, AP (2001). "Galloway, Origins of". In Lynch, M (ed.). The Oxford Companion to Scottish History. Oxford Companions. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 257–258. ISBN 0-19-211696-7. Jennings, A (1996). "Historical and Linguistic Evidence for Gall-Gaidheil and Norse in Western Scotland". In Ureland, PS; Clarkson, I (eds.). Language Contact Across the North Atlantic. Tübingen: Max Niemeyer Verlag. pp. 61–74. doi:10.1515/9783110929652.61. ISBN 3-484-30359-X. ISSN 0344-6727. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help) Jennings, A (1994). Historical Study of the Gael and Norse in Western Scotland From c.795 to c.1000 (PhD thesis). University of Edinburgh. hdl:1842/15749.
Jennings, A (2015); Jennings; Kruse (2009). Jennings, A (2015) [1997]. "Isles, Kingdom of the". In Crowcroft, R; Cannon, J (eds.). The Oxford Companion to British History (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acref/9780199677832.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-967783-2 – via Oxford Reference. Jennings, A; Kruse, A (2009). "From Dál Riata to the Gall-Ghàidheil". Viking and Medieval Scandinavia. 5: 123–149. doi:10.1484/J.VMS.1.100676. hdl:20.500.11820/762e78fe-2a9c-43cf-8173-8300892b31cb. ISSN 1782-7183.
Jennings, AP (2001); Jennings, A (1994) p. 138. Jennings, AP (2001). "Galloway, Origins of". In Lynch, M (ed.). The Oxford Companion to Scottish History. Oxford Companions. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 257–258. ISBN 0-19-211696-7. Jennings, A (1994). Historical Study of the Gael and Norse in Western Scotland From c.795 to c.1000 (PhD thesis). University of Edinburgh. hdl:1842/15749.
Baranauskienė (2012) p. 36; Forte; Oram; Pedersen (2005) p. 96; Oram, RD (2000) p. 8; Oram, RD (1988) p. 333; Vigfusson (1887) pp. 41 § 28, 41–42 nn. 5–6; Anderson; Hjaltalin; Goudie (1873) p. 28, 28 n. 1; Flateyjarbok (1862) p. 411. Baranauskienė, R (2012). Celtic and Scandinavian Language and Cultural Contacts During the Viking Age (PhD thesis). Vilnius University. Oram, RD (2000). The Lordship of Galloway. Edinburgh: John Donald. ISBN 0-85976-541-5. Oram, RD (1988). The Lordship of Galloway, c. 1000 to c. 1250 (PhD thesis). University of St Andrews. hdl:10023/2638. Vigfusson, G, ed. (1887). Icelandic Sagas and Other Historical Documents Relating to the Settlements and Descents of the Northmen on the British Isles. Rerum Britannicarum Medii Ævi Scriptores. Vol. 1. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office. OL 16401290M. Anderson, J; Hjaltalin, JA; Goudie, G, eds. (1873). The Orkneyinga Saga. Edinburgh: Edmonston and Douglas. Flateyjarbok: En Samling af Norske Konge-Sagaer med Indskudte Mindre Fortællinger om Begivenheder i og Udenfor Norse Same Annaler. Vol. 2. Oslo: P.T. Mallings Forlagsboghandel. 1862.
The Annals of Ulster (2012) § 1200.6; Clancy (2008) p. 38; The Annals of Ulster (2008) § 1200.6; Annala Uladh (2005) § 1234.1; Forte; Oram; Pedersen (2005) pp. 96–97; Annala Uladh (2003) § 1234.1; Jennings, AP (2001); Oram, RD (2000) p. 7; Jennings, A (1994) p. 144; Oram, RD (1988) pp. 7–8, 333. "The Annals of Ulster". Corpus of Electronic Texts (15 August 2012 ed.). University College Cork. 2012. Retrieved 11 October 2015. Clancy, TO (2008). "The Gall-Ghàidheil and Galloway" (PDF). The Journal of Scottish Name Studies. 2: 19–51. ISSN 2054-9385. "The Annals of Ulster". Corpus of Electronic Texts (29 August 2008 ed.). University College Cork. 2008. Retrieved 11 October 2015. "Annala Uladh: Annals of Ulster Otherwise Annala Senait, Annals of Senat". Corpus of Electronic Texts (13 April 2005 ed.). University College Cork. 2005. Retrieved 11 October 2015. "Annala Uladh: Annals of Ulster Otherwise Annala Senait, Annals of Senat". Corpus of Electronic Texts (28 January 2003 ed.). University College Cork. 2003. Retrieved 11 October 2015. Jennings, AP (2001). "Galloway, Origins of". In Lynch, M (ed.). The Oxford Companion to Scottish History. Oxford Companions. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 257–258. ISBN 0-19-211696-7. Oram, RD (2000). The Lordship of Galloway. Edinburgh: John Donald. ISBN 0-85976-541-5. Jennings, A (1994). Historical Study of the Gael and Norse in Western Scotland From c.795 to c.1000 (PhD thesis). University of Edinburgh. hdl:1842/15749. Oram, RD (1988). The Lordship of Galloway, c. 1000 to c. 1250 (PhD thesis). University of St Andrews. hdl:10023/2638.
Oram, RD (1988) p. 7. Oram, RD (1988). The Lordship of Galloway, c. 1000 to c. 1250 (PhD thesis). University of St Andrews. hdl:10023/2638.
Jennings, AP (2001); Jennings, A (1994) p. 143. Jennings, AP (2001). "Galloway, Origins of". In Lynch, M (ed.). The Oxford Companion to Scottish History. Oxford Companions. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 257–258. ISBN 0-19-211696-7. Jennings, A (1994). Historical Study of the Gael and Norse in Western Scotland From c.795 to c.1000 (PhD thesis). University of Edinburgh. hdl:1842/15749.
McGuigan (2015) p. 107; Charles-Edwards (2013) pp. 573–575, 573 n. 108; Flanagan (2010) p. 231 n. 196; Clancy (2008) p. 28; Downham (2007) p. 171; Duffy (2006) pp. 56–57; Forte; Oram; Pedersen (2005) p. 229; Hudson (2005) pp. 129, 138; Duffy (2002) pp. 53–54; Etchingham (2001) p. 160; Oram, RD (2000) p. 17; Duffy (1992) pp. 98–99. McGuigan, N (2015). Neither Scotland nor England: Middle Britain, c.850–1150 (PhD thesis). University of St Andrews. hdl:10023/7829. Charles-Edwards, TM (2013). Wales and the Britons, 350–1064. The History of Wales. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-821731-2. Flanagan, MT (2010). The Transformation of the Irish Church in the Twelfth and Thirteenth Centuries. Studies in Celtic History. Woodbridge: The Boydell Press. ISBN 978-1-84383-597-4. ISSN 0261-9865. Clancy, TO (2008). "The Gall-Ghàidheil and Galloway" (PDF). The Journal of Scottish Name Studies. 2: 19–51. ISSN 2054-9385. Downham, C (2007). Viking Kings of Britain and Ireland: The Dynasty of Ívarr to A.D. 1014. Edinburgh: Dunedin Academic Press. ISBN 978-1-903765-89-0. Duffy, S (2006). "The Royal Dynasties of Dublin and the Isles in the Eleventh Century". In Duffy, S (ed.). Medieval Dublin. Vol. 7. Dublin: Four Courts Press. pp. 51–65. ISBN 1-85182-974-1. Hudson, BT (2005). Viking Pirates and Christian Princes: Dynasty, Religion, and Empire in the North Atlantic. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-516237-0. Duffy, S (2002). "Emerging from the Mist: Ireland and Man in the Eleventh Century" (PDF). In Davey, P; Finlayson, D; Thomlinson, P (eds.). Mannin Revisited: Twelve Essays on Manx Culture and Environment. Edinburgh: The Scottish Society for Northern Studies. pp. 53–61. ISBN 0-9535226-2-8. Etchingham, C (2001). "North Wales, Ireland and the Isles: the Insular Viking Zone". Peritia. 15: 145–187. doi:10.1484/J.Peri.3.434. eISSN 2034-6506. ISSN 0332-1592. Oram, RD (2000). The Lordship of Galloway. Edinburgh: John Donald. ISBN 0-85976-541-5. Duffy, S (1992). "Irishmen and Islesmen in the Kingdoms of Dublin and Man, 1052–1171". Ériu. 43: 93–133. eISSN 2009-0056. ISSN 0332-0758. JSTOR 30007421.
Clancy (2008) p. 30 n. 5; Jennings, AP (2001); Jennings, A (1996) p. 68; Jennings, A (1994) pp. 85–86; Anderson (1922) pp. 176–177 n. 6; Stokes (1905) pp. 175 § 10, 184 § 10, 185 § 10. Clancy, TO (2008). "The Gall-Ghàidheil and Galloway" (PDF). The Journal of Scottish Name Studies. 2: 19–51. ISSN 2054-9385. Jennings, AP (2001). "Galloway, Origins of". In Lynch, M (ed.). The Oxford Companion to Scottish History. Oxford Companions. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 257–258. ISBN 0-19-211696-7. Jennings, A (1996). "Historical and Linguistic Evidence for Gall-Gaidheil and Norse in Western Scotland". In Ureland, PS; Clarkson, I (eds.). Language Contact Across the North Atlantic. Tübingen: Max Niemeyer Verlag. pp. 61–74. doi:10.1515/9783110929652.61. ISBN 3-484-30359-X. ISSN 0344-6727. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help) Jennings, A (1994). Historical Study of the Gael and Norse in Western Scotland From c.795 to c.1000 (PhD thesis). University of Edinburgh. hdl:1842/15749. Stokes, W, ed. (1905). Félire Óengusso Céli Dé: The Martyrology of Oengus the Culdee. Publications of the Henry Bradshaw Society. London: Henry Bradshaw Society.
Charles-Edwards (2013) pp. 574–575; Clancy (2008) pp. 30–31; Jennings; Kruse (2009) p. 133; Anderson (1922) pp. 176–177 n. 6; Kelly (n.d.) p. xxxi § 10. Charles-Edwards, TM (2013). Wales and the Britons, 350–1064. The History of Wales. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-821731-2. Clancy, TO (2008). "The Gall-Ghàidheil and Galloway" (PDF). The Journal of Scottish Name Studies. 2: 19–51. ISSN 2054-9385. Jennings, A; Kruse, A (2009). "From Dál Riata to the Gall-Ghàidheil". Viking and Medieval Scandinavia. 5: 123–149. doi:10.1484/J.VMS.1.100676. hdl:20.500.11820/762e78fe-2a9c-43cf-8173-8300892b31cb. ISSN 1782-7183. Kelly, M, ed. (n.d.). Caldendar of Irish Saints: The Martyrology of Tallagh. Dublin: J. Mullany.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: year (link)
Forte; Oram; Pedersen (2005) p. 229; Hudson (2005) p. 83 fig. 3; Etchingham (2001) pp. 158 n. 35; Thornton (1996) p. 88; Oram, RD (2000) p. 16; Duffy (1993) pp. 232–233. Hudson, BT (2005). Viking Pirates and Christian Princes: Dynasty, Religion, and Empire in the North Atlantic. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-516237-0. Etchingham, C (2001). "North Wales, Ireland and the Isles: the Insular Viking Zone". Peritia. 15: 145–187. doi:10.1484/J.Peri.3.434. eISSN 2034-6506. ISSN 0332-1592. Thornton, DE (1996). "The Genealogy of Gruffudd ap Cynan". In Maund, KL (ed.). Gruffudd ap Cynan: A Collaborative Biography. Studies in Celtic History. Woodbridge: The Boydell Press. pp. 79–108. ISBN 0-85115-389-5. ISSN 0261-9865. Oram, RD (2000). The Lordship of Galloway. Edinburgh: John Donald. ISBN 0-85976-541-5. Duffy, S (1993). Ireland and the Irish Sea Region, 1014–1318 (PhD thesis). Trinity College, Dublin. hdl:2262/77137.
Forte; Oram; Pedersen (2005) p. 229; Hudson (2005) p. 83 fig. 3; Etchingham (2001) p. 158 n. 35; Oram, RD (2000) p. 16; Thornton (1996) p. 88; Duffy (1993) pp. 232–233. Hudson, BT (2005). Viking Pirates and Christian Princes: Dynasty, Religion, and Empire in the North Atlantic. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-516237-0. Etchingham, C (2001). "North Wales, Ireland and the Isles: the Insular Viking Zone". Peritia. 15: 145–187. doi:10.1484/J.Peri.3.434. eISSN 2034-6506. ISSN 0332-1592. Oram, RD (2000). The Lordship of Galloway. Edinburgh: John Donald. ISBN 0-85976-541-5. Thornton, DE (1996). "The Genealogy of Gruffudd ap Cynan". In Maund, KL (ed.). Gruffudd ap Cynan: A Collaborative Biography. Studies in Celtic History. Woodbridge: The Boydell Press. pp. 79–108. ISBN 0-85115-389-5. ISSN 0261-9865. Duffy, S (1993). Ireland and the Irish Sea Region, 1014–1318 (PhD thesis). Trinity College, Dublin. hdl:2262/77137.
Forte; Oram; Pedersen (2005) p. 229; Hudson (2005) p. 83 fig. 3; Etchingham (2001) pp. 158 n. 35, 159, 187; Oram, RD (2000) p. 16; Thornton (1996) p. 88; Duffy (1993) p. 233. Hudson, BT (2005). Viking Pirates and Christian Princes: Dynasty, Religion, and Empire in the North Atlantic. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-516237-0. Etchingham, C (2001). "North Wales, Ireland and the Isles: the Insular Viking Zone". Peritia. 15: 145–187. doi:10.1484/J.Peri.3.434. eISSN 2034-6506. ISSN 0332-1592. Oram, RD (2000). The Lordship of Galloway. Edinburgh: John Donald. ISBN 0-85976-541-5. Thornton, DE (1996). "The Genealogy of Gruffudd ap Cynan". In Maund, KL (ed.). Gruffudd ap Cynan: A Collaborative Biography. Studies in Celtic History. Woodbridge: The Boydell Press. pp. 79–108. ISBN 0-85115-389-5. ISSN 0261-9865. Duffy, S (1993). Ireland and the Irish Sea Region, 1014–1318 (PhD thesis). Trinity College, Dublin. hdl:2262/77137.
Hudson (2005) pp. 83 fig. 3, 120–121; Etchingham (2001) p. 158 n. 35; Oram, RD (2000) p. 16; Thornton (1996) p. 88, 88 n. 36; Bartrum (1993) p. 171; Duffy (1993) pp. 232–233; Bartrum (1966) p. 136. Hudson, BT (2005). Viking Pirates and Christian Princes: Dynasty, Religion, and Empire in the North Atlantic. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-516237-0. Etchingham, C (2001). "North Wales, Ireland and the Isles: the Insular Viking Zone". Peritia. 15: 145–187. doi:10.1484/J.Peri.3.434. eISSN 2034-6506. ISSN 0332-1592. Oram, RD (2000). The Lordship of Galloway. Edinburgh: John Donald. ISBN 0-85976-541-5. Thornton, DE (1996). "The Genealogy of Gruffudd ap Cynan". In Maund, KL (ed.). Gruffudd ap Cynan: A Collaborative Biography. Studies in Celtic History. Woodbridge: The Boydell Press. pp. 79–108. ISBN 0-85115-389-5. ISSN 0261-9865. Bartrum, PC (1993). "Corrections to Early Welsh Genealogical Tracts". Bwletin y BWRDD Gwybodau Celtaidd. 40: 171–172. Duffy, S (1993). Ireland and the Irish Sea Region, 1014–1318 (PhD thesis). Trinity College, Dublin. hdl:2262/77137. Bartrum, PC (1966). Early Welsh Genealogical Tracts. Cardiff: University of Wales Press.
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Wadden (2016) pp. 180–181; McGuigan (2015) pp. 163, 171; Clarkson (2014) ch. 9; Walker (2013) ch. 5; Bolton (2009) p. 142; Clancy (2008) p. 37; Hudson (2005) p. 133; Moody; Martin; Byrne (2005) p. 466 n. 1; Woolf (2004) p. 100; Hudson (1994) pp. 117–118, 158; Ó Murchadha (1992–1993) p. 66; Kapelle (1979) pp. 38–39, 40 tab. 3, 41, 247–248 n. 39. Wadden, P (2016). "Dál Riata c. 1000: Genealogies and Irish Sea Politics". Scottish Historical Review. 95 (2): 164–181. doi:10.3366/shr.2016.0294. eISSN 1750-0222. ISSN 0036-9241. McGuigan, N (2015). Neither Scotland nor England: Middle Britain, c.850–1150 (PhD thesis). University of St Andrews. hdl:10023/7829. Clarkson, T (2014). Strathclyde and the Anglo-Saxons in the Viking Age (EPUB). Edinburgh: John Donald. ISBN 978-1-907909-25-2. Walker, IW (2013) [2006]. Lords of Alba: The Making of Scotland (EPUB). Brimscombe Port: The History Press. ISBN 978-0-7524-9519-4. Bolton, T (2009). The Empire of Cnut the Great: Conquest and the Consolidation of Power in Northern Europe in the Early Eleventh Century. The Northern World: North Europe and the Baltic c. 400–1700 AD. Peoples, Economics and Cultures. Leiden: Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-16670-7. ISSN 1569-1462. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help) Clancy, TO (2008). "The Gall-Ghàidheil and Galloway" (PDF). The Journal of Scottish Name Studies. 2: 19–51. ISSN 2054-9385. Hudson, BT (2005). Viking Pirates and Christian Princes: Dynasty, Religion, and Empire in the North Atlantic. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-516237-0. Moody, TW; Martin, FX; Byrne, FJ, eds. (2005). Maps, Genealogies, Lists: A Companion to Irish History. New History of Ireland. Oxford: Clarendon Press. ISBN 9780198217459. Woolf, A (2004). "The Age of Sea-Kings, 900–1300". In Omand, D (ed.). The Argyll Book. Edinburgh: Birlinn. pp. 94–109. ISBN 1-84158-253-0. Hudson, BT (1994). Kings of Celtic Scotland. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. ISBN 0-313-29087-3. ISSN 0885-9159. Archived from the original on 23 June 2019. Retrieved 17 August 2019. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help) Ó Murchadha, D (1992–1993). "Nationality Names in the Irish Annals" (PDF). Nomina. 16: 49–70. ISSN 0141-6340. Kapelle, WE (1979). The Norman Conquest of the North: The Region and its Transformation, 1000–1135. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 0-8078-1371-0.
Woolf (2007) pp. 253–254; Jennings, A (1994) pp. 143–144; Sellar (1971) p. 27. Woolf, A (2007). From Pictland to Alba, 789–1070. The New Edinburgh History of Scotland. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 978-0-7486-1233-8. Jennings, A (1994). Historical Study of the Gael and Norse in Western Scotland From c.795 to c.1000 (PhD thesis). University of Edinburgh. hdl:1842/15749. Sellar, WDH (1971). "Family Origins in Cowal and Knapdale". Scottish Studies: The Journal of the School of Scottish Studies, University of Edinburgh. 15: 21–37. ISSN 0036-9411.
McGuigan (2015) p. 171; Woolf (2007) pp. 253–254; Woolf (2005) p. 3 fig. 1. McGuigan, N (2015). Neither Scotland nor England: Middle Britain, c.850–1150 (PhD thesis). University of St Andrews. hdl:10023/7829. Woolf, A (2007). From Pictland to Alba, 789–1070. The New Edinburgh History of Scotland. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 978-0-7486-1233-8. Woolf, A (2005). "The Origins and Ancestry of Somerled: Gofraid mac Fergusa and 'The Annals of the Four Masters'". Mediaeval Scandinavia. 15: 199–213.
Wadden (2016) p. 180; McGuigan (2015) p. 171; Clancy (2008) p. 37; Woolf (2007) pp. 225–226, 253; Hudson (2005) p. 133; Woolf (2004) p. 100; Hudson (1996) pp. 52 § 183, 90 § 183, 221; Anderson (1930) p. 51 § 181; Skene (1867) p. 99. Wadden, P (2016). "Dál Riata c. 1000: Genealogies and Irish Sea Politics". Scottish Historical Review. 95 (2): 164–181. doi:10.3366/shr.2016.0294. eISSN 1750-0222. ISSN 0036-9241. McGuigan, N (2015). Neither Scotland nor England: Middle Britain, c.850–1150 (PhD thesis). University of St Andrews. hdl:10023/7829. Clancy, TO (2008). "The Gall-Ghàidheil and Galloway" (PDF). The Journal of Scottish Name Studies. 2: 19–51. ISSN 2054-9385. Woolf, A (2007). From Pictland to Alba, 789–1070. The New Edinburgh History of Scotland. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 978-0-7486-1233-8. Hudson, BT (2005). Viking Pirates and Christian Princes: Dynasty, Religion, and Empire in the North Atlantic. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-516237-0. Woolf, A (2004). "The Age of Sea-Kings, 900–1300". In Omand, D (ed.). The Argyll Book. Edinburgh: Birlinn. pp. 94–109. ISBN 1-84158-253-0. Hudson, BT (1996). Prophecy of Berchán: Irish and Scottish High-Kings of the Early Middle Ages. Contributions to the Study of World History. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. ISBN 0-313-29567-0. ISSN 0885-9159. Anderson, AO (1930). "The Prophecy of Berchan". Zeitschrift für celtische Philologie. 18: 1–56. doi:10.1515/zcph.1930.18.1.1. eISSN 1865-889X. ISSN 0084-5302. S2CID 162902103. Skene, WF, ed. (1867). Chronicles of the Picts, Chronicles of the Scots, and Other Early Memorials of Scottish History. Edinburgh: H.M. General Register House. OL 23286818M.
McGuigan (2015) p. 171; Walker (2013) ch. 5; Moody; Martin; Byrne (2005) p. 466 n. 1. McGuigan, N (2015). Neither Scotland nor England: Middle Britain, c.850–1150 (PhD thesis). University of St Andrews. hdl:10023/7829. Walker, IW (2013) [2006]. Lords of Alba: The Making of Scotland (EPUB). Brimscombe Port: The History Press. ISBN 978-0-7524-9519-4. Moody, TW; Martin, FX; Byrne, FJ, eds. (2005). Maps, Genealogies, Lists: A Companion to Irish History. New History of Ireland. Oxford: Clarendon Press. ISBN 9780198217459.

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Flateyjarbok (1862) p. 411; GKS 1005 Fol (n.d.). Flateyjarbok: En Samling af Norske Konge-Sagaer med Indskudte Mindre Fortællinger om Begivenheder i og Udenfor Norse Same Annaler. Vol. 2. Oslo: P.T. Mallings Forlagsboghandel. 1862. "GKS 1005 Fol". Handrit.is. n.d. Retrieved 17 July 2016.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: year (link)

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Woolf (2000) p. 146 tab. 1. Woolf, A (2000). "The 'Moray Question' and the Kingship of Alba in the Tenth and Eleventh Centuries". Scottish Historical Review. 79 (2): 145–164. doi:10.3366/shr.2000.79.2.145. eISSN 1750-0222. ISSN 0036-9241.

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Charles-Edwards (2013) p. 573; Flanagan (2010) p. 231 n. 196; Clancy (2008) p. 28; Downham (2007) p. 171; Duffy (2006) pp. 56–57; Forte; Oram; Pedersen (2005) p. 229; Hudson (2005) pp. 129, 138; Duffy (2002) pp. 53–54; Etchingham (2001) p. 160; Oram, RD (2000) p. 17; Duffy (1992) pp. 98–99; Anderson (1922) pp. 590–592 n. 2; Waitz (1844) p. 559. Charles-Edwards, TM (2013). Wales and the Britons, 350–1064. The History of Wales. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-821731-2. Flanagan, MT (2010). The Transformation of the Irish Church in the Twelfth and Thirteenth Centuries. Studies in Celtic History. Woodbridge: The Boydell Press. ISBN 978-1-84383-597-4. ISSN 0261-9865. Clancy, TO (2008). "The Gall-Ghàidheil and Galloway" (PDF). The Journal of Scottish Name Studies. 2: 19–51. ISSN 2054-9385. Downham, C (2007). Viking Kings of Britain and Ireland: The Dynasty of Ívarr to A.D. 1014. Edinburgh: Dunedin Academic Press. ISBN 978-1-903765-89-0. Duffy, S (2006). "The Royal Dynasties of Dublin and the Isles in the Eleventh Century". In Duffy, S (ed.). Medieval Dublin. Vol. 7. Dublin: Four Courts Press. pp. 51–65. ISBN 1-85182-974-1. Hudson, BT (2005). Viking Pirates and Christian Princes: Dynasty, Religion, and Empire in the North Atlantic. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-516237-0. Duffy, S (2002). "Emerging from the Mist: Ireland and Man in the Eleventh Century" (PDF). In Davey, P; Finlayson, D; Thomlinson, P (eds.). Mannin Revisited: Twelve Essays on Manx Culture and Environment. Edinburgh: The Scottish Society for Northern Studies. pp. 53–61. ISBN 0-9535226-2-8. Etchingham, C (2001). "North Wales, Ireland and the Isles: the Insular Viking Zone". Peritia. 15: 145–187. doi:10.1484/J.Peri.3.434. eISSN 2034-6506. ISSN 0332-1592. Oram, RD (2000). The Lordship of Galloway. Edinburgh: John Donald. ISBN 0-85976-541-5. Duffy, S (1992). "Irishmen and Islesmen in the Kingdoms of Dublin and Man, 1052–1171". Ériu. 43: 93–133. eISSN 2009-0056. ISSN 0332-0758. JSTOR 30007421. Waitz, G (1844). "Mariani Scotti Chronicon". In Pertz, GH (ed.). Monvmenta Germaniae Historica. Scriptores. Hanover: Hahn. pp. 481–568.
McGuigan (2015) p. 107; Charles-Edwards (2013) pp. 573–575, 573 n. 108; Flanagan (2010) p. 231 n. 196; Clancy (2008) p. 28; Downham (2007) p. 171; Duffy (2006) pp. 56–57; Forte; Oram; Pedersen (2005) p. 229; Hudson (2005) pp. 129, 138; Duffy (2002) pp. 53–54; Etchingham (2001) p. 160; Oram, RD (2000) p. 17; Duffy (1992) pp. 98–99. McGuigan, N (2015). Neither Scotland nor England: Middle Britain, c.850–1150 (PhD thesis). University of St Andrews. hdl:10023/7829. Charles-Edwards, TM (2013). Wales and the Britons, 350–1064. The History of Wales. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-821731-2. Flanagan, MT (2010). The Transformation of the Irish Church in the Twelfth and Thirteenth Centuries. Studies in Celtic History. Woodbridge: The Boydell Press. ISBN 978-1-84383-597-4. ISSN 0261-9865. Clancy, TO (2008). "The Gall-Ghàidheil and Galloway" (PDF). The Journal of Scottish Name Studies. 2: 19–51. ISSN 2054-9385. Downham, C (2007). Viking Kings of Britain and Ireland: The Dynasty of Ívarr to A.D. 1014. Edinburgh: Dunedin Academic Press. ISBN 978-1-903765-89-0. Duffy, S (2006). "The Royal Dynasties of Dublin and the Isles in the Eleventh Century". In Duffy, S (ed.). Medieval Dublin. Vol. 7. Dublin: Four Courts Press. pp. 51–65. ISBN 1-85182-974-1. Hudson, BT (2005). Viking Pirates and Christian Princes: Dynasty, Religion, and Empire in the North Atlantic. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-516237-0. Duffy, S (2002). "Emerging from the Mist: Ireland and Man in the Eleventh Century" (PDF). In Davey, P; Finlayson, D; Thomlinson, P (eds.). Mannin Revisited: Twelve Essays on Manx Culture and Environment. Edinburgh: The Scottish Society for Northern Studies. pp. 53–61. ISBN 0-9535226-2-8. Etchingham, C (2001). "North Wales, Ireland and the Isles: the Insular Viking Zone". Peritia. 15: 145–187. doi:10.1484/J.Peri.3.434. eISSN 2034-6506. ISSN 0332-1592. Oram, RD (2000). The Lordship of Galloway. Edinburgh: John Donald. ISBN 0-85976-541-5. Duffy, S (1992). "Irishmen and Islesmen in the Kingdoms of Dublin and Man, 1052–1171". Ériu. 43: 93–133. eISSN 2009-0056. ISSN 0332-0758. JSTOR 30007421.
Williams (2012) pp. 22, 62–63; Clancy (2008) pp. 29, 32; Downham (2007) p. 198 n. 125; Forte; Oram; Pedersen (2005) p. 229; Etchingham (2001) pp. 158–159; Oram, RD (2000) p. 16; Duffy (1992) p. 99; Evans (1990) pp. 23–24, 53–55; Jones (1910) pp. 102–105. Williams, P, ed. (2012). Historical Texts From Medieval Wales. MHRA Library of Medieval Welsh Literature. London: Modern Humanities Research Association. ISBN 978-1-907322-60-0. Clancy, TO (2008). "The Gall-Ghàidheil and Galloway" (PDF). The Journal of Scottish Name Studies. 2: 19–51. ISSN 2054-9385. Downham, C (2007). Viking Kings of Britain and Ireland: The Dynasty of Ívarr to A.D. 1014. Edinburgh: Dunedin Academic Press. ISBN 978-1-903765-89-0. Etchingham, C (2001). "North Wales, Ireland and the Isles: the Insular Viking Zone". Peritia. 15: 145–187. doi:10.1484/J.Peri.3.434. eISSN 2034-6506. ISSN 0332-1592. Oram, RD (2000). The Lordship of Galloway. Edinburgh: John Donald. ISBN 0-85976-541-5. Duffy, S (1992). "Irishmen and Islesmen in the Kingdoms of Dublin and Man, 1052–1171". Ériu. 43: 93–133. eISSN 2009-0056. ISSN 0332-0758. JSTOR 30007421. Evans, DS, ed. (1990). A Mediaeval Prince of Wales: The Life of Gruffudd ap Cynan. Llanerch Enterprises. ISBN 0947992472. Jones, A, ed. (1910). The History of Gruffydd ap Cynan: The Welsh Text with Translation, Introduction, and Notes. Manchester: Sherratt & Hughes. OL 7100180M.

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Baranauskienė (2012) p. 36; Forte; Oram; Pedersen (2005) p. 96; Oram, RD (2000) p. 8; Oram, RD (1988) p. 333; Vigfusson (1887) pp. 41 § 28, 41–42 nn. 5–6; Anderson; Hjaltalin; Goudie (1873) p. 28, 28 n. 1; Flateyjarbok (1862) p. 411. Baranauskienė, R (2012). Celtic and Scandinavian Language and Cultural Contacts During the Viking Age (PhD thesis). Vilnius University. Oram, RD (2000). The Lordship of Galloway. Edinburgh: John Donald. ISBN 0-85976-541-5. Oram, RD (1988). The Lordship of Galloway, c. 1000 to c. 1250 (PhD thesis). University of St Andrews. hdl:10023/2638. Vigfusson, G, ed. (1887). Icelandic Sagas and Other Historical Documents Relating to the Settlements and Descents of the Northmen on the British Isles. Rerum Britannicarum Medii Ævi Scriptores. Vol. 1. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office. OL 16401290M. Anderson, J; Hjaltalin, JA; Goudie, G, eds. (1873). The Orkneyinga Saga. Edinburgh: Edmonston and Douglas. Flateyjarbok: En Samling af Norske Konge-Sagaer med Indskudte Mindre Fortællinger om Begivenheder i og Udenfor Norse Same Annaler. Vol. 2. Oslo: P.T. Mallings Forlagsboghandel. 1862.

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Baranauskienė (2012) p. 36; Forte; Oram; Pedersen (2005) p. 96; Oram, RD (2000) p. 8; Oram, RD (1988) p. 333; Vigfusson (1887) pp. 41 § 28, 41–42 nn. 5–6; Anderson; Hjaltalin; Goudie (1873) p. 28, 28 n. 1; Flateyjarbok (1862) p. 411. Baranauskienė, R (2012). Celtic and Scandinavian Language and Cultural Contacts During the Viking Age (PhD thesis). Vilnius University. Oram, RD (2000). The Lordship of Galloway. Edinburgh: John Donald. ISBN 0-85976-541-5. Oram, RD (1988). The Lordship of Galloway, c. 1000 to c. 1250 (PhD thesis). University of St Andrews. hdl:10023/2638. Vigfusson, G, ed. (1887). Icelandic Sagas and Other Historical Documents Relating to the Settlements and Descents of the Northmen on the British Isles. Rerum Britannicarum Medii Ævi Scriptores. Vol. 1. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office. OL 16401290M. Anderson, J; Hjaltalin, JA; Goudie, G, eds. (1873). The Orkneyinga Saga. Edinburgh: Edmonston and Douglas. Flateyjarbok: En Samling af Norske Konge-Sagaer med Indskudte Mindre Fortællinger om Begivenheder i og Udenfor Norse Same Annaler. Vol. 2. Oslo: P.T. Mallings Forlagsboghandel. 1862.
Williams (2012) pp. 22, 62–63; Clancy (2008) pp. 29, 32; Downham (2007) p. 198 n. 125; Forte; Oram; Pedersen (2005) p. 229; Etchingham (2001) pp. 158–159; Oram, RD (2000) p. 16; Duffy (1992) p. 99; Evans (1990) pp. 23–24, 53–55; Jones (1910) pp. 102–105. Williams, P, ed. (2012). Historical Texts From Medieval Wales. MHRA Library of Medieval Welsh Literature. London: Modern Humanities Research Association. ISBN 978-1-907322-60-0. Clancy, TO (2008). "The Gall-Ghàidheil and Galloway" (PDF). The Journal of Scottish Name Studies. 2: 19–51. ISSN 2054-9385. Downham, C (2007). Viking Kings of Britain and Ireland: The Dynasty of Ívarr to A.D. 1014. Edinburgh: Dunedin Academic Press. ISBN 978-1-903765-89-0. Etchingham, C (2001). "North Wales, Ireland and the Isles: the Insular Viking Zone". Peritia. 15: 145–187. doi:10.1484/J.Peri.3.434. eISSN 2034-6506. ISSN 0332-1592. Oram, RD (2000). The Lordship of Galloway. Edinburgh: John Donald. ISBN 0-85976-541-5. Duffy, S (1992). "Irishmen and Islesmen in the Kingdoms of Dublin and Man, 1052–1171". Ériu. 43: 93–133. eISSN 2009-0056. ISSN 0332-0758. JSTOR 30007421. Evans, DS, ed. (1990). A Mediaeval Prince of Wales: The Life of Gruffudd ap Cynan. Llanerch Enterprises. ISBN 0947992472. Jones, A, ed. (1910). The History of Gruffydd ap Cynan: The Welsh Text with Translation, Introduction, and Notes. Manchester: Sherratt & Hughes. OL 7100180M.
Wadden (2016) p. 180; McGuigan (2015) p. 171; Clancy (2008) p. 37; Woolf (2007) pp. 225–226, 253; Hudson (2005) p. 133; Woolf (2004) p. 100; Hudson (1996) pp. 52 § 183, 90 § 183, 221; Anderson (1930) p. 51 § 181; Skene (1867) p. 99. Wadden, P (2016). "Dál Riata c. 1000: Genealogies and Irish Sea Politics". Scottish Historical Review. 95 (2): 164–181. doi:10.3366/shr.2016.0294. eISSN 1750-0222. ISSN 0036-9241. McGuigan, N (2015). Neither Scotland nor England: Middle Britain, c.850–1150 (PhD thesis). University of St Andrews. hdl:10023/7829. Clancy, TO (2008). "The Gall-Ghàidheil and Galloway" (PDF). The Journal of Scottish Name Studies. 2: 19–51. ISSN 2054-9385. Woolf, A (2007). From Pictland to Alba, 789–1070. The New Edinburgh History of Scotland. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 978-0-7486-1233-8. Hudson, BT (2005). Viking Pirates and Christian Princes: Dynasty, Religion, and Empire in the North Atlantic. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-516237-0. Woolf, A (2004). "The Age of Sea-Kings, 900–1300". In Omand, D (ed.). The Argyll Book. Edinburgh: Birlinn. pp. 94–109. ISBN 1-84158-253-0. Hudson, BT (1996). Prophecy of Berchán: Irish and Scottish High-Kings of the Early Middle Ages. Contributions to the Study of World History. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. ISBN 0-313-29567-0. ISSN 0885-9159. Anderson, AO (1930). "The Prophecy of Berchan". Zeitschrift für celtische Philologie. 18: 1–56. doi:10.1515/zcph.1930.18.1.1. eISSN 1865-889X. ISSN 0084-5302. S2CID 162902103. Skene, WF, ed. (1867). Chronicles of the Picts, Chronicles of the Scots, and Other Early Memorials of Scottish History. Edinburgh: H.M. General Register House. OL 23286818M.
Wadden (2016) p. 180; Clancy (2008) p. 37; Woolf (2007) pp. 225–226; Woolf (2004) p. 100; Hudson (1996) pp. 52 § 183, 90 § 183; Anderson (1930) p. 51 § 181; Skene (1867) p. 99. Wadden, P (2016). "Dál Riata c. 1000: Genealogies and Irish Sea Politics". Scottish Historical Review. 95 (2): 164–181. doi:10.3366/shr.2016.0294. eISSN 1750-0222. ISSN 0036-9241. Clancy, TO (2008). "The Gall-Ghàidheil and Galloway" (PDF). The Journal of Scottish Name Studies. 2: 19–51. ISSN 2054-9385. Woolf, A (2007). From Pictland to Alba, 789–1070. The New Edinburgh History of Scotland. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 978-0-7486-1233-8. Woolf, A (2004). "The Age of Sea-Kings, 900–1300". In Omand, D (ed.). The Argyll Book. Edinburgh: Birlinn. pp. 94–109. ISBN 1-84158-253-0. Hudson, BT (1996). Prophecy of Berchán: Irish and Scottish High-Kings of the Early Middle Ages. Contributions to the Study of World History. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. ISBN 0-313-29567-0. ISSN 0885-9159. Anderson, AO (1930). "The Prophecy of Berchan". Zeitschrift für celtische Philologie. 18: 1–56. doi:10.1515/zcph.1930.18.1.1. eISSN 1865-889X. ISSN 0084-5302. S2CID 162902103. Skene, WF, ed. (1867). Chronicles of the Picts, Chronicles of the Scots, and Other Early Memorials of Scottish History. Edinburgh: H.M. General Register House. OL 23286818M.
Woolf (2007) p. 254, 254 n. 49; Arnold (1885) p. 198 ch. 159; Stevenson (1855) p. 557. Woolf, A (2007). From Pictland to Alba, 789–1070. The New Edinburgh History of Scotland. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 978-0-7486-1233-8. Arnold, T, ed. (1885). Symeonis Monachi Opera Omnia. Rerum Britannicarum Medii Ævi Scriptores. Vol. 2. London: Longmans & Co. Stevenson, J, ed. (1855). The Church Historians of England. Vol. 3, pt. 2. London: Seeleys. OL 7055940M.
Edmonds (2014) p. 209; Minard (2012); Minard (2006); Arnold (1885) p. 156 ch. 130; Stevenson (1855) p. 527, 527 n. 4. Edmonds, F (2014). "The Emergence and Transformation of Medieval Cumbria". Scottish Historical Review. 93 (2): 195–216. doi:10.3366/shr.2014.0216. eISSN 1750-0222. ISSN 0036-9241. Minard, A (2012). "Cumbria". In Koch, JT; Minard, A (eds.). The Celts: History, Life, and Culture. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO. pp. 234–235. ISBN 978-1-59884-964-6. Minard, A (2006). "Cumbria". In Koch, JT (ed.). Celtic Culture: A Historical Encyclopedia. Vol. 2. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO. pp. 514–515. ISBN 1-85109-445-8. Arnold, T, ed. (1885). Symeonis Monachi Opera Omnia. Rerum Britannicarum Medii Ævi Scriptores. Vol. 2. London: Longmans & Co. Stevenson, J, ed. (1855). The Church Historians of England. Vol. 3, pt. 2. London: Seeleys. OL 7055940M.

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The Annals of Tigernach (2010) § 1034.3; Annals of Tigernach (2005) § 1034.3; Anderson (1922) p. 578; Bodleian Library MS. Rawl. B. 488 (n.d.). "The Annals of Tigernach". Corpus of Electronic Texts (2 November 2010 ed.). University College Cork. 2010. Retrieved 12 October 2015. "Annals of Tigernach". Corpus of Electronic Texts (13 April 2005 ed.). University College Cork. 2005. Retrieved 12 October 2015. "Bodleian Library MS. Rawl. B. 488". Early Manuscripts at Oxford University. Oxford Digital Library. n.d. Retrieved 17 October 2015.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: year (link)
The Annals of Ulster (2012) § 1034.10; The Annals of Ulster (2008) § 1034.10; Anderson (1922) p. 578 n. 1; Bodleian Library MS. Rawl. B. 489 (n.d.). "The Annals of Ulster". Corpus of Electronic Texts (15 August 2012 ed.). University College Cork. 2012. Retrieved 11 October 2015. "The Annals of Ulster". Corpus of Electronic Texts (29 August 2008 ed.). University College Cork. 2008. Retrieved 11 October 2015. "Bodleian Library MS. Rawl. B. 489". Early Manuscripts at Oxford University. Oxford Digital Library. n.d. Retrieved 17 October 2015.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: year (link)
The Annals of Tigernach (2010) § 1036.8; Annals of Tigernach (2005) § 1036.8; Bodleian Library MS. Rawl. B. 488 (n.d.). "The Annals of Tigernach". Corpus of Electronic Texts (2 November 2010 ed.). University College Cork. 2010. Retrieved 12 October 2015. "Annals of Tigernach". Corpus of Electronic Texts (13 April 2005 ed.). University College Cork. 2005. Retrieved 12 October 2015. "Bodleian Library MS. Rawl. B. 488". Early Manuscripts at Oxford University. Oxford Digital Library. n.d. Retrieved 17 October 2015.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: year (link)
The Annals of Tigernach (2010) § 1034.2; Annals of Tigernach (2005) § 1034.2; Bodleian Library MS. Rawl. B. 488 (n.d.). "The Annals of Tigernach". Corpus of Electronic Texts (2 November 2010 ed.). University College Cork. 2010. Retrieved 12 October 2015. "Annals of Tigernach". Corpus of Electronic Texts (13 April 2005 ed.). University College Cork. 2005. Retrieved 12 October 2015. "Bodleian Library MS. Rawl. B. 488". Early Manuscripts at Oxford University. Oxford Digital Library. n.d. Retrieved 17 October 2015.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: year (link)
The Annals of Tigernach (2010) § 1034.1; Annals of Tigernach (2005) § 1034.1; Bodleian Library MS. Rawl. B. 488 (n.d.). "The Annals of Tigernach". Corpus of Electronic Texts (2 November 2010 ed.). University College Cork. 2010. Retrieved 12 October 2015. "Annals of Tigernach". Corpus of Electronic Texts (13 April 2005 ed.). University College Cork. 2005. Retrieved 12 October 2015. "Bodleian Library MS. Rawl. B. 488". Early Manuscripts at Oxford University. Oxford Digital Library. n.d. Retrieved 17 October 2015.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: year (link)
The Annals of Ulster (2012) § 1033.7; The Annals of Ulster (2008) § 1033.7; Bodleian Library MS. Rawl. B. 489 (n.d.). "The Annals of Ulster". Corpus of Electronic Texts (15 August 2012 ed.). University College Cork. 2012. Retrieved 11 October 2015. "The Annals of Ulster". Corpus of Electronic Texts (29 August 2008 ed.). University College Cork. 2008. Retrieved 11 October 2015. "Bodleian Library MS. Rawl. B. 489". Early Manuscripts at Oxford University. Oxford Digital Library. n.d. Retrieved 17 October 2015.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: year (link)

oxforddnb.com

Oram, RD (2011) ch. 5; Bolton (2009) p. 142; Hudson (2005) pp. 75, 133; Broun (2004c); Hudson (1994) p. 117. Oram, RD (2011) [2001]. The Kings & Queens of Scotland. Brimscombe Port: The History Press. ISBN 978-0-7524-7099-3. Bolton, T (2009). The Empire of Cnut the Great: Conquest and the Consolidation of Power in Northern Europe in the Early Eleventh Century. The Northern World: North Europe and the Baltic c. 400–1700 AD. Peoples, Economics and Cultures. Leiden: Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-16670-7. ISSN 1569-1462. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help) Hudson, BT (2005). Viking Pirates and Christian Princes: Dynasty, Religion, and Empire in the North Atlantic. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-516237-0. Broun, D (2004c). "Malcolm II (d. 1034)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/17858. Retrieved 24 October 2011. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.) Hudson, BT (1994). Kings of Celtic Scotland. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. ISBN 0-313-29087-3. ISSN 0885-9159. Archived from the original on 23 June 2019. Retrieved 17 August 2019. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help)
Broun (2015b); Edmonds (2014) pp. 209, 214; Taylor (2006) p. 26; Broun (2004c); Broun (2004d) pp. 134, 139 n. 117; Kapelle (1979) p. 38. Broun, D (2015b) [1997]. "Strathclyde, Kingdom of". In Crowcroft, R; Cannon, J (eds.). The Oxford Companion to British History (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acref/9780199677832.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-967783-2 – via Oxford Reference. Edmonds, F (2014). "The Emergence and Transformation of Medieval Cumbria". Scottish Historical Review. 93 (2): 195–216. doi:10.3366/shr.2014.0216. eISSN 1750-0222. ISSN 0036-9241. Taylor, S (2006). "The Early History and Languages of West Dunbartonshire". In Brown, I (ed.). Changing Identities, Ancient Roots: The History of West Dunbartonshire From Earliest Times. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. pp. 12–41. ISBN 978-0-7486-2561-1. Broun, D (2004c). "Malcolm II (d. 1034)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/17858. Retrieved 24 October 2011. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.) Broun, D (2004d). "The Welsh Identity of the Kingdom of Strathclyde c.900–c.1200". The Innes Review. 55 (2): 111–180. doi:10.3366/inr.2004.55.2.111. eISSN 1745-5219. ISSN 0020-157X. Kapelle, WE (1979). The Norman Conquest of the North: The Region and its Transformation, 1000–1135. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 0-8078-1371-0.
Broun (2015a); Broun (2015b); Broun (2004c); Oram, R (2001); Kapelle (1979) pp. 38–39. Broun, D (2015a) [1997]. "Malcolm II". In Crowcroft, R; Cannon, J (eds.). The Oxford Companion to British History (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acref/9780199677832.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-967783-2 – via Oxford Reference. Broun, D (2015b) [1997]. "Strathclyde, Kingdom of". In Crowcroft, R; Cannon, J (eds.). The Oxford Companion to British History (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acref/9780199677832.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-967783-2 – via Oxford Reference. Broun, D (2004c). "Malcolm II (d. 1034)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/17858. Retrieved 24 October 2011. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.) Oram, R (2001). "Borders: 1. to 1603". In Lynch, M (ed.). The Oxford Companion to Scottish History. Oxford Companions. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 42–43. ISBN 0-19-211696-7. Kapelle, WE (1979). The Norman Conquest of the North: The Region and its Transformation, 1000–1135. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 0-8078-1371-0.
Broun (2015a); Woolf (2009) p. 262; Broun (2004c). Broun, D (2015a) [1997]. "Malcolm II". In Crowcroft, R; Cannon, J (eds.). The Oxford Companion to British History (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acref/9780199677832.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-967783-2 – via Oxford Reference. Woolf, A (2009). "Scotland". In Stafford, P (ed.). A Companion to the Early Middle Ages: Britain and Ireland, c.500–c.1100. Blackwell Companions to British History. Chichester: Blackwell Publishing. pp. 251–267. ISBN 978-1-405-10628-3. Broun, D (2004c). "Malcolm II (d. 1034)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/17858. Retrieved 24 October 2011. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
Broun (2004c). Broun, D (2004c). "Malcolm II (d. 1034)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/17858. Retrieved 24 October 2011. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
Walker (2013) ch. 5; The Annals of Ulster (2012) § 1033.7; Woolf (2009) p. 262; The Annals of Ulster (2008) § 1033.7; Woolf (2007) p. 247 n. 34; Broun (2004a); Broun (2004b); Broun (2004c); Duncan (1996) p. 113, 113 n. 25; Hudson (1996) p. 221; Smyth (1989) p. 226. Walker, IW (2013) [2006]. Lords of Alba: The Making of Scotland (EPUB). Brimscombe Port: The History Press. ISBN 978-0-7524-9519-4. "The Annals of Ulster". Corpus of Electronic Texts (15 August 2012 ed.). University College Cork. 2012. Retrieved 11 October 2015. Woolf, A (2009). "Scotland". In Stafford, P (ed.). A Companion to the Early Middle Ages: Britain and Ireland, c.500–c.1100. Blackwell Companions to British History. Chichester: Blackwell Publishing. pp. 251–267. ISBN 978-1-405-10628-3. "The Annals of Ulster". Corpus of Electronic Texts (29 August 2008 ed.). University College Cork. 2008. Retrieved 11 October 2015. Woolf, A (2007). From Pictland to Alba, 789–1070. The New Edinburgh History of Scotland. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 978-0-7486-1233-8. Broun, D (2004a). "Kenneth II (d. 995)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/15399. Retrieved 3 December 2015. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.) Broun, D (2004b). "Kenneth III (d. 1005)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/15400. Retrieved 3 December 2015. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.) Broun, D (2004c). "Malcolm II (d. 1034)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/17858. Retrieved 24 October 2011. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.) Duncan, AAM (1996) [1975]. Scotland: The Making of the Kingdom. The Edinburgh History of Scotland. Edinburgh: Mercat Press. ISBN 0-901824-83-6. Hudson, BT (1996). Prophecy of Berchán: Irish and Scottish High-Kings of the Early Middle Ages. Contributions to the Study of World History. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. ISBN 0-313-29567-0. ISSN 0885-9159. Smyth, AP (1989) [1984]. Warlords and Holy Men: Scotland, AD 80–1000. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 0-7486-0100-7.
Walker (2013) ch. 5; Broun (2015a); Woolf (2009) p. 262; Woolf (2007) p. 247, 247 n. 34; Broun (2004b); Broun (2004c); Ross (2003) p. 145; Woolf (2001); Duncan (1996) p. 113, 113 n. 25; Hudson (1996) p. 221; Kapelle (1979) p. 41. Walker, IW (2013) [2006]. Lords of Alba: The Making of Scotland (EPUB). Brimscombe Port: The History Press. ISBN 978-0-7524-9519-4. Broun, D (2015a) [1997]. "Malcolm II". In Crowcroft, R; Cannon, J (eds.). The Oxford Companion to British History (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acref/9780199677832.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-967783-2 – via Oxford Reference. Woolf, A (2009). "Scotland". In Stafford, P (ed.). A Companion to the Early Middle Ages: Britain and Ireland, c.500–c.1100. Blackwell Companions to British History. Chichester: Blackwell Publishing. pp. 251–267. ISBN 978-1-405-10628-3. Woolf, A (2007). From Pictland to Alba, 789–1070. The New Edinburgh History of Scotland. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 978-0-7486-1233-8. Broun, D (2004b). "Kenneth III (d. 1005)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/15400. Retrieved 3 December 2015. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.) Broun, D (2004c). "Malcolm II (d. 1034)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/17858. Retrieved 24 October 2011. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.) Ross, AD (2003). The Province of Moray, c. 1000–1230 (PhD thesis). Vol. 1. University of Aberdeen. Woolf, A (2001). "Macbeth". In Lynch, M (ed.). The Oxford Companion to Scottish History. Oxford Companions. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 402. ISBN 0-19-211696-7. Duncan, AAM (1996) [1975]. Scotland: The Making of the Kingdom. The Edinburgh History of Scotland. Edinburgh: Mercat Press. ISBN 0-901824-83-6. Hudson, BT (1996). Prophecy of Berchán: Irish and Scottish High-Kings of the Early Middle Ages. Contributions to the Study of World History. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. ISBN 0-313-29567-0. ISSN 0885-9159. Kapelle, WE (1979). The Norman Conquest of the North: The Region and its Transformation, 1000–1135. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 0-8078-1371-0.
Walker (2013) ch. 5; Broun (2004b); Ross (2003) p. 145; Woolf (2001); Hudson (1996) p. 221; Smyth (1989) p. 226. Walker, IW (2013) [2006]. Lords of Alba: The Making of Scotland (EPUB). Brimscombe Port: The History Press. ISBN 978-0-7524-9519-4. Broun, D (2004b). "Kenneth III (d. 1005)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/15400. Retrieved 3 December 2015. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.) Ross, AD (2003). The Province of Moray, c. 1000–1230 (PhD thesis). Vol. 1. University of Aberdeen. Woolf, A (2001). "Macbeth". In Lynch, M (ed.). The Oxford Companion to Scottish History. Oxford Companions. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 402. ISBN 0-19-211696-7. Hudson, BT (1996). Prophecy of Berchán: Irish and Scottish High-Kings of the Early Middle Ages. Contributions to the Study of World History. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. ISBN 0-313-29567-0. ISSN 0885-9159. Smyth, AP (1989) [1984]. Warlords and Holy Men: Scotland, AD 80–1000. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 0-7486-0100-7.

oxfordreference.com

Jennings, A (2015); Jennings; Kruse (2009) pp. 123–124, 144; Jennings, AP (2001); Jennings, A (1998) p. 46; Jennings, A (1996) p. 66; Jennings, A (1994) pp. 78–79. Jennings, A (2015) [1997]. "Isles, Kingdom of the". In Crowcroft, R; Cannon, J (eds.). The Oxford Companion to British History (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acref/9780199677832.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-967783-2 – via Oxford Reference. Jennings, A; Kruse, A (2009). "From Dál Riata to the Gall-Ghàidheil". Viking and Medieval Scandinavia. 5: 123–149. doi:10.1484/J.VMS.1.100676. hdl:20.500.11820/762e78fe-2a9c-43cf-8173-8300892b31cb. ISSN 1782-7183. Jennings, AP (2001). "Galloway, Origins of". In Lynch, M (ed.). The Oxford Companion to Scottish History. Oxford Companions. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 257–258. ISBN 0-19-211696-7. Jennings, A (1998). "Iona and the Vikings: Survival and Continuity" (PDF). Northern Studies. 33: 37–54. ISSN 0305-506X. Jennings, A (1996). "Historical and Linguistic Evidence for Gall-Gaidheil and Norse in Western Scotland". In Ureland, PS; Clarkson, I (eds.). Language Contact Across the North Atlantic. Tübingen: Max Niemeyer Verlag. pp. 61–74. doi:10.1515/9783110929652.61. ISBN 3-484-30359-X. ISSN 0344-6727. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help) Jennings, A (1994). Historical Study of the Gael and Norse in Western Scotland From c.795 to c.1000 (PhD thesis). University of Edinburgh. hdl:1842/15749.
Jennings, A (2015); Jennings; Kruse (2009); Jennings, A (1996); Jennings, A (1994) p. 78. Jennings, A (2015) [1997]. "Isles, Kingdom of the". In Crowcroft, R; Cannon, J (eds.). The Oxford Companion to British History (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acref/9780199677832.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-967783-2 – via Oxford Reference. Jennings, A; Kruse, A (2009). "From Dál Riata to the Gall-Ghàidheil". Viking and Medieval Scandinavia. 5: 123–149. doi:10.1484/J.VMS.1.100676. hdl:20.500.11820/762e78fe-2a9c-43cf-8173-8300892b31cb. ISSN 1782-7183. Jennings, A (1996). "Historical and Linguistic Evidence for Gall-Gaidheil and Norse in Western Scotland". In Ureland, PS; Clarkson, I (eds.). Language Contact Across the North Atlantic. Tübingen: Max Niemeyer Verlag. pp. 61–74. doi:10.1515/9783110929652.61. ISBN 3-484-30359-X. ISSN 0344-6727. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help) Jennings, A (1994). Historical Study of the Gael and Norse in Western Scotland From c.795 to c.1000 (PhD thesis). University of Edinburgh. hdl:1842/15749.
Jennings, A (2015); Jennings; Kruse (2009). Jennings, A (2015) [1997]. "Isles, Kingdom of the". In Crowcroft, R; Cannon, J (eds.). The Oxford Companion to British History (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acref/9780199677832.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-967783-2 – via Oxford Reference. Jennings, A; Kruse, A (2009). "From Dál Riata to the Gall-Ghàidheil". Viking and Medieval Scandinavia. 5: 123–149. doi:10.1484/J.VMS.1.100676. hdl:20.500.11820/762e78fe-2a9c-43cf-8173-8300892b31cb. ISSN 1782-7183.
Broun (2015a); Charles-Edwards (2013) p. 571; Oram, RD (2011) ch. 5; Bolton (2009) p. 142; Hudson (2005) p. 133; Oram, R (2001); Hudson (1994) pp. 115–117. Broun, D (2015a) [1997]. "Malcolm II". In Crowcroft, R; Cannon, J (eds.). The Oxford Companion to British History (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acref/9780199677832.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-967783-2 – via Oxford Reference. Charles-Edwards, TM (2013). Wales and the Britons, 350–1064. The History of Wales. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-821731-2. Oram, RD (2011) [2001]. The Kings & Queens of Scotland. Brimscombe Port: The History Press. ISBN 978-0-7524-7099-3. Bolton, T (2009). The Empire of Cnut the Great: Conquest and the Consolidation of Power in Northern Europe in the Early Eleventh Century. The Northern World: North Europe and the Baltic c. 400–1700 AD. Peoples, Economics and Cultures. Leiden: Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-16670-7. ISSN 1569-1462. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help) Hudson, BT (2005). Viking Pirates and Christian Princes: Dynasty, Religion, and Empire in the North Atlantic. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-516237-0. Oram, R (2001). "Borders: 1. to 1603". In Lynch, M (ed.). The Oxford Companion to Scottish History. Oxford Companions. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 42–43. ISBN 0-19-211696-7. Hudson, BT (1994). Kings of Celtic Scotland. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. ISBN 0-313-29087-3. ISSN 0885-9159. Archived from the original on 23 June 2019. Retrieved 17 August 2019. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help)
Broun (2015b); Edmonds (2014) pp. 209, 214; Taylor (2006) p. 26; Broun (2004c); Broun (2004d) pp. 134, 139 n. 117; Kapelle (1979) p. 38. Broun, D (2015b) [1997]. "Strathclyde, Kingdom of". In Crowcroft, R; Cannon, J (eds.). The Oxford Companion to British History (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acref/9780199677832.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-967783-2 – via Oxford Reference. Edmonds, F (2014). "The Emergence and Transformation of Medieval Cumbria". Scottish Historical Review. 93 (2): 195–216. doi:10.3366/shr.2014.0216. eISSN 1750-0222. ISSN 0036-9241. Taylor, S (2006). "The Early History and Languages of West Dunbartonshire". In Brown, I (ed.). Changing Identities, Ancient Roots: The History of West Dunbartonshire From Earliest Times. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. pp. 12–41. ISBN 978-0-7486-2561-1. Broun, D (2004c). "Malcolm II (d. 1034)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/17858. Retrieved 24 October 2011. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.) Broun, D (2004d). "The Welsh Identity of the Kingdom of Strathclyde c.900–c.1200". The Innes Review. 55 (2): 111–180. doi:10.3366/inr.2004.55.2.111. eISSN 1745-5219. ISSN 0020-157X. Kapelle, WE (1979). The Norman Conquest of the North: The Region and its Transformation, 1000–1135. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 0-8078-1371-0.
Broun (2015a); Broun (2015b); Broun (2004c); Oram, R (2001); Kapelle (1979) pp. 38–39. Broun, D (2015a) [1997]. "Malcolm II". In Crowcroft, R; Cannon, J (eds.). The Oxford Companion to British History (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acref/9780199677832.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-967783-2 – via Oxford Reference. Broun, D (2015b) [1997]. "Strathclyde, Kingdom of". In Crowcroft, R; Cannon, J (eds.). The Oxford Companion to British History (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acref/9780199677832.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-967783-2 – via Oxford Reference. Broun, D (2004c). "Malcolm II (d. 1034)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/17858. Retrieved 24 October 2011. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.) Oram, R (2001). "Borders: 1. to 1603". In Lynch, M (ed.). The Oxford Companion to Scottish History. Oxford Companions. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 42–43. ISBN 0-19-211696-7. Kapelle, WE (1979). The Norman Conquest of the North: The Region and its Transformation, 1000–1135. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 0-8078-1371-0.
Broun (2015a); Woolf (2009) p. 262; Broun (2004c). Broun, D (2015a) [1997]. "Malcolm II". In Crowcroft, R; Cannon, J (eds.). The Oxford Companion to British History (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acref/9780199677832.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-967783-2 – via Oxford Reference. Woolf, A (2009). "Scotland". In Stafford, P (ed.). A Companion to the Early Middle Ages: Britain and Ireland, c.500–c.1100. Blackwell Companions to British History. Chichester: Blackwell Publishing. pp. 251–267. ISBN 978-1-405-10628-3. Broun, D (2004c). "Malcolm II (d. 1034)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/17858. Retrieved 24 October 2011. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
Walker (2013) ch. 5; Broun (2015a); Woolf (2009) p. 262; Woolf (2007) p. 247, 247 n. 34; Broun (2004b); Broun (2004c); Ross (2003) p. 145; Woolf (2001); Duncan (1996) p. 113, 113 n. 25; Hudson (1996) p. 221; Kapelle (1979) p. 41. Walker, IW (2013) [2006]. Lords of Alba: The Making of Scotland (EPUB). Brimscombe Port: The History Press. ISBN 978-0-7524-9519-4. Broun, D (2015a) [1997]. "Malcolm II". In Crowcroft, R; Cannon, J (eds.). The Oxford Companion to British History (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acref/9780199677832.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-967783-2 – via Oxford Reference. Woolf, A (2009). "Scotland". In Stafford, P (ed.). A Companion to the Early Middle Ages: Britain and Ireland, c.500–c.1100. Blackwell Companions to British History. Chichester: Blackwell Publishing. pp. 251–267. ISBN 978-1-405-10628-3. Woolf, A (2007). From Pictland to Alba, 789–1070. The New Edinburgh History of Scotland. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 978-0-7486-1233-8. Broun, D (2004b). "Kenneth III (d. 1005)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/15400. Retrieved 3 December 2015. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.) Broun, D (2004c). "Malcolm II (d. 1034)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/17858. Retrieved 24 October 2011. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.) Ross, AD (2003). The Province of Moray, c. 1000–1230 (PhD thesis). Vol. 1. University of Aberdeen. Woolf, A (2001). "Macbeth". In Lynch, M (ed.). The Oxford Companion to Scottish History. Oxford Companions. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 402. ISBN 0-19-211696-7. Duncan, AAM (1996) [1975]. Scotland: The Making of the Kingdom. The Edinburgh History of Scotland. Edinburgh: Mercat Press. ISBN 0-901824-83-6. Hudson, BT (1996). Prophecy of Berchán: Irish and Scottish High-Kings of the Early Middle Ages. Contributions to the Study of World History. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. ISBN 0-313-29567-0. ISSN 0885-9159. Kapelle, WE (1979). The Norman Conquest of the North: The Region and its Transformation, 1000–1135. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 0-8078-1371-0.
Broun (2015a); Kapelle (1979) p. 41. Broun, D (2015a) [1997]. "Malcolm II". In Crowcroft, R; Cannon, J (eds.). The Oxford Companion to British History (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acref/9780199677832.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-967783-2 – via Oxford Reference. Kapelle, WE (1979). The Norman Conquest of the North: The Region and its Transformation, 1000–1135. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 0-8078-1371-0.

questia.com

Clarkson (2014); Hudson (2005); Hudson (1994). Clarkson, T (2014). Strathclyde and the Anglo-Saxons in the Viking Age (EPUB). Edinburgh: John Donald. ISBN 978-1-907909-25-2. Hudson, BT (2005). Viking Pirates and Christian Princes: Dynasty, Religion, and Empire in the North Atlantic. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-516237-0. Hudson, BT (1994). Kings of Celtic Scotland. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. ISBN 0-313-29087-3. ISSN 0885-9159. Archived from the original on 23 June 2019. Retrieved 17 August 2019. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help)
Wadden (2016) p. 180; McDonald (2015) p. 73; McGuigan (2015) p. 163; Etchingham (2014) p. 27; Charles-Edwards (2013) p. 573; Walker (2013) ch. 5; The Annals of Ulster (2012) § 1034.10; The Annals of Tigernach (2010) § 1034.3; Bolton (2009) p. 142; Jennings; Kruse (2009) p. 125; Annals of Loch Cé (2008) § 1034.8; Clancy (2008) pp. 25, 36; The Annals of Ulster (2008) § 1034.10; Downham (2007) p. 171; Woolf (2007) p. 253; Annals of Loch Cé (2005) § 1034.8; Annals of Tigernach (2005) § 1034.3; Hudson (2005) p. 133; Broun (2004d) p. 136; MacQueen (2003) p. 69 n. 8; Oram, RD (2000) p. 7; Hudson (1994) p. 117; Jennings, A (1994) p. 143; Ó Murchadha (1992–1993) p. 66; Ó Murchú (1992) p. 36; Oram, RD (1988) p. 7; Kapelle (1979) pp. 247–248 n. 39; Anderson (1922) p. 578, 578 n. 1. Wadden, P (2016). "Dál Riata c. 1000: Genealogies and Irish Sea Politics". Scottish Historical Review. 95 (2): 164–181. doi:10.3366/shr.2016.0294. eISSN 1750-0222. ISSN 0036-9241. McDonald, RW (2015). "Outsiders, Vikings, and Merchants: The Context Dependency of the Gall-Ghàidheil in Medieval Ireland and Scotland". Journal of the Australian Early Medieval Association. 11: 67–86. doi:10.35253/JAEMA.2015.1.4. ISSN 1449-9320. McGuigan, N (2015). Neither Scotland nor England: Middle Britain, c.850–1150 (PhD thesis). University of St Andrews. hdl:10023/7829. Etchingham, C (2014). "Names for the Vikings in Irish Annals". In Sigurðsson, JV; Bolton, T (eds.). Celtic-Norse Relationships in the Irish Sea in the Middle Ages, 800–1200. The Northern World: North Europe and the Baltic c. 400–1700 AD. Peoples, Economics and Cultures. Leiden: Brill. pp. 23–38. ISBN 978-90-04-25512-8. ISSN 1569-1462. Charles-Edwards, TM (2013). Wales and the Britons, 350–1064. The History of Wales. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-821731-2. Walker, IW (2013) [2006]. Lords of Alba: The Making of Scotland (EPUB). Brimscombe Port: The History Press. ISBN 978-0-7524-9519-4. "The Annals of Ulster". Corpus of Electronic Texts (15 August 2012 ed.). University College Cork. 2012. Retrieved 11 October 2015. "The Annals of Tigernach". Corpus of Electronic Texts (2 November 2010 ed.). University College Cork. 2010. Retrieved 12 October 2015. Bolton, T (2009). The Empire of Cnut the Great: Conquest and the Consolidation of Power in Northern Europe in the Early Eleventh Century. The Northern World: North Europe and the Baltic c. 400–1700 AD. Peoples, Economics and Cultures. Leiden: Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-16670-7. ISSN 1569-1462. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help) Jennings, A; Kruse, A (2009). "From Dál Riata to the Gall-Ghàidheil". Viking and Medieval Scandinavia. 5: 123–149. doi:10.1484/J.VMS.1.100676. hdl:20.500.11820/762e78fe-2a9c-43cf-8173-8300892b31cb. ISSN 1782-7183. "Annals of Loch Cé". Corpus of Electronic Texts (5 September 2008 ed.). University College Cork. 2008. Retrieved 14 October 2015. Clancy, TO (2008). "The Gall-Ghàidheil and Galloway" (PDF). The Journal of Scottish Name Studies. 2: 19–51. ISSN 2054-9385. "The Annals of Ulster". Corpus of Electronic Texts (29 August 2008 ed.). University College Cork. 2008. Retrieved 11 October 2015. Downham, C (2007). Viking Kings of Britain and Ireland: The Dynasty of Ívarr to A.D. 1014. Edinburgh: Dunedin Academic Press. ISBN 978-1-903765-89-0. Woolf, A (2007). From Pictland to Alba, 789–1070. The New Edinburgh History of Scotland. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 978-0-7486-1233-8. "Annals of Loch Cé". Corpus of Electronic Texts (13 April 2005 ed.). University College Cork. 2005. Retrieved 14 October 2015. "Annals of Tigernach". Corpus of Electronic Texts (13 April 2005 ed.). University College Cork. 2005. Retrieved 12 October 2015. Hudson, BT (2005). Viking Pirates and Christian Princes: Dynasty, Religion, and Empire in the North Atlantic. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-516237-0. Broun, D (2004d). "The Welsh Identity of the Kingdom of Strathclyde c.900–c.1200". The Innes Review. 55 (2): 111–180. doi:10.3366/inr.2004.55.2.111. eISSN 1745-5219. ISSN 0020-157X. MacQueen, HL (2003). "Survival and Success: The Kennedys of Dunure". In Boardman, S; Ross, A (eds.). The Exercise of Power in Medieval Scotland, 1200–1500. Dublin: Four Courts Press. pp. 67–94. Oram, RD (2000). The Lordship of Galloway. Edinburgh: John Donald. ISBN 0-85976-541-5. Hudson, BT (1994). Kings of Celtic Scotland. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. ISBN 0-313-29087-3. ISSN 0885-9159. Archived from the original on 23 June 2019. Retrieved 17 August 2019. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help) Jennings, A (1994). Historical Study of the Gael and Norse in Western Scotland From c.795 to c.1000 (PhD thesis). University of Edinburgh. hdl:1842/15749. Ó Murchadha, D (1992–1993). "Nationality Names in the Irish Annals" (PDF). Nomina. 16: 49–70. ISSN 0141-6340. Ó Murchú, M (1992). "The Irish Language". In Price, G (ed.). The Celtic Connection. The Princess Grace Irish Library. Gerrards Cross: Colin Smythe. pp. 30–64. ISBN 0-86140-248-0. Oram, RD (1988). The Lordship of Galloway, c. 1000 to c. 1250 (PhD thesis). University of St Andrews. hdl:10023/2638. Kapelle, WE (1979). The Norman Conquest of the North: The Region and its Transformation, 1000–1135. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 0-8078-1371-0.
Wadden (2016) pp. 180–181; McGuigan (2015) pp. 163, 171; Clarkson (2014) ch. 9; Walker (2013) ch. 5; Bolton (2009) p. 142; Clancy (2008) p. 37; Hudson (2005) p. 133; Moody; Martin; Byrne (2005) p. 466 n. 1; Woolf (2004) p. 100; Hudson (1994) pp. 117–118, 158; Ó Murchadha (1992–1993) p. 66; Kapelle (1979) pp. 38–39, 40 tab. 3, 41, 247–248 n. 39. Wadden, P (2016). "Dál Riata c. 1000: Genealogies and Irish Sea Politics". Scottish Historical Review. 95 (2): 164–181. doi:10.3366/shr.2016.0294. eISSN 1750-0222. ISSN 0036-9241. McGuigan, N (2015). Neither Scotland nor England: Middle Britain, c.850–1150 (PhD thesis). University of St Andrews. hdl:10023/7829. Clarkson, T (2014). Strathclyde and the Anglo-Saxons in the Viking Age (EPUB). Edinburgh: John Donald. ISBN 978-1-907909-25-2. Walker, IW (2013) [2006]. Lords of Alba: The Making of Scotland (EPUB). Brimscombe Port: The History Press. ISBN 978-0-7524-9519-4. Bolton, T (2009). The Empire of Cnut the Great: Conquest and the Consolidation of Power in Northern Europe in the Early Eleventh Century. The Northern World: North Europe and the Baltic c. 400–1700 AD. Peoples, Economics and Cultures. Leiden: Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-16670-7. ISSN 1569-1462. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help) Clancy, TO (2008). "The Gall-Ghàidheil and Galloway" (PDF). The Journal of Scottish Name Studies. 2: 19–51. ISSN 2054-9385. Hudson, BT (2005). Viking Pirates and Christian Princes: Dynasty, Religion, and Empire in the North Atlantic. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-516237-0. Moody, TW; Martin, FX; Byrne, FJ, eds. (2005). Maps, Genealogies, Lists: A Companion to Irish History. New History of Ireland. Oxford: Clarendon Press. ISBN 9780198217459. Woolf, A (2004). "The Age of Sea-Kings, 900–1300". In Omand, D (ed.). The Argyll Book. Edinburgh: Birlinn. pp. 94–109. ISBN 1-84158-253-0. Hudson, BT (1994). Kings of Celtic Scotland. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. ISBN 0-313-29087-3. ISSN 0885-9159. Archived from the original on 23 June 2019. Retrieved 17 August 2019. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help) Ó Murchadha, D (1992–1993). "Nationality Names in the Irish Annals" (PDF). Nomina. 16: 49–70. ISSN 0141-6340. Kapelle, WE (1979). The Norman Conquest of the North: The Region and its Transformation, 1000–1135. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 0-8078-1371-0.
Hudson (2005) p. 133; Hudson (1994) p. 158; Raine (1864) p. 178. Hudson, BT (2005). Viking Pirates and Christian Princes: Dynasty, Religion, and Empire in the North Atlantic. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-516237-0. Hudson, BT (1994). Kings of Celtic Scotland. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. ISBN 0-313-29087-3. ISSN 0885-9159. Archived from the original on 23 June 2019. Retrieved 17 August 2019. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help) Raine, J, ed. (1864). The Priory of Hexham. Publications of the Surtees Society. Vol. 1. Durham: Andrews and Co.
Broun (2015a); Charles-Edwards (2013) p. 571; Oram, RD (2011) ch. 5; Bolton (2009) p. 142; Hudson (2005) p. 133; Oram, R (2001); Hudson (1994) pp. 115–117. Broun, D (2015a) [1997]. "Malcolm II". In Crowcroft, R; Cannon, J (eds.). The Oxford Companion to British History (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acref/9780199677832.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-967783-2 – via Oxford Reference. Charles-Edwards, TM (2013). Wales and the Britons, 350–1064. The History of Wales. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-821731-2. Oram, RD (2011) [2001]. The Kings & Queens of Scotland. Brimscombe Port: The History Press. ISBN 978-0-7524-7099-3. Bolton, T (2009). The Empire of Cnut the Great: Conquest and the Consolidation of Power in Northern Europe in the Early Eleventh Century. The Northern World: North Europe and the Baltic c. 400–1700 AD. Peoples, Economics and Cultures. Leiden: Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-16670-7. ISSN 1569-1462. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help) Hudson, BT (2005). Viking Pirates and Christian Princes: Dynasty, Religion, and Empire in the North Atlantic. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-516237-0. Oram, R (2001). "Borders: 1. to 1603". In Lynch, M (ed.). The Oxford Companion to Scottish History. Oxford Companions. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 42–43. ISBN 0-19-211696-7. Hudson, BT (1994). Kings of Celtic Scotland. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. ISBN 0-313-29087-3. ISSN 0885-9159. Archived from the original on 23 June 2019. Retrieved 17 August 2019. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help)
Oram, RD (2011) ch. 5; Bolton (2009) p. 142; Hudson (2005) pp. 75, 133; Broun (2004c); Hudson (1994) p. 117. Oram, RD (2011) [2001]. The Kings & Queens of Scotland. Brimscombe Port: The History Press. ISBN 978-0-7524-7099-3. Bolton, T (2009). The Empire of Cnut the Great: Conquest and the Consolidation of Power in Northern Europe in the Early Eleventh Century. The Northern World: North Europe and the Baltic c. 400–1700 AD. Peoples, Economics and Cultures. Leiden: Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-16670-7. ISSN 1569-1462. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help) Hudson, BT (2005). Viking Pirates and Christian Princes: Dynasty, Religion, and Empire in the North Atlantic. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-516237-0. Broun, D (2004c). "Malcolm II (d. 1034)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/17858. Retrieved 24 October 2011. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.) Hudson, BT (1994). Kings of Celtic Scotland. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. ISBN 0-313-29087-3. ISSN 0885-9159. Archived from the original on 23 June 2019. Retrieved 17 August 2019. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help)
Bolton (2009) p. 142; Hudson (2005) p. 75; Hudson (1994) pp. 117–118. Bolton, T (2009). The Empire of Cnut the Great: Conquest and the Consolidation of Power in Northern Europe in the Early Eleventh Century. The Northern World: North Europe and the Baltic c. 400–1700 AD. Peoples, Economics and Cultures. Leiden: Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-16670-7. ISSN 1569-1462. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help) Hudson, BT (2005). Viking Pirates and Christian Princes: Dynasty, Religion, and Empire in the North Atlantic. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-516237-0. Hudson, BT (1994). Kings of Celtic Scotland. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. ISBN 0-313-29087-3. ISSN 0885-9159. Archived from the original on 23 June 2019. Retrieved 17 August 2019. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help)
Hudson (1994) p. 117. Hudson, BT (1994). Kings of Celtic Scotland. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. ISBN 0-313-29087-3. ISSN 0885-9159. Archived from the original on 23 June 2019. Retrieved 17 August 2019. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help)

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Wadden (2016) p. 180; McGuigan (2015) p. 171; Clancy (2008) p. 37; Woolf (2007) pp. 225–226, 253; Hudson (2005) p. 133; Woolf (2004) p. 100; Hudson (1996) pp. 52 § 183, 90 § 183, 221; Anderson (1930) p. 51 § 181; Skene (1867) p. 99. Wadden, P (2016). "Dál Riata c. 1000: Genealogies and Irish Sea Politics". Scottish Historical Review. 95 (2): 164–181. doi:10.3366/shr.2016.0294. eISSN 1750-0222. ISSN 0036-9241. McGuigan, N (2015). Neither Scotland nor England: Middle Britain, c.850–1150 (PhD thesis). University of St Andrews. hdl:10023/7829. Clancy, TO (2008). "The Gall-Ghàidheil and Galloway" (PDF). The Journal of Scottish Name Studies. 2: 19–51. ISSN 2054-9385. Woolf, A (2007). From Pictland to Alba, 789–1070. The New Edinburgh History of Scotland. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 978-0-7486-1233-8. Hudson, BT (2005). Viking Pirates and Christian Princes: Dynasty, Religion, and Empire in the North Atlantic. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-516237-0. Woolf, A (2004). "The Age of Sea-Kings, 900–1300". In Omand, D (ed.). The Argyll Book. Edinburgh: Birlinn. pp. 94–109. ISBN 1-84158-253-0. Hudson, BT (1996). Prophecy of Berchán: Irish and Scottish High-Kings of the Early Middle Ages. Contributions to the Study of World History. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. ISBN 0-313-29567-0. ISSN 0885-9159. Anderson, AO (1930). "The Prophecy of Berchan". Zeitschrift für celtische Philologie. 18: 1–56. doi:10.1515/zcph.1930.18.1.1. eISSN 1865-889X. ISSN 0084-5302. S2CID 162902103. Skene, WF, ed. (1867). Chronicles of the Picts, Chronicles of the Scots, and Other Early Memorials of Scottish History. Edinburgh: H.M. General Register House. OL 23286818M.
Wadden (2016) p. 180; Clancy (2008) p. 37; Woolf (2007) pp. 225–226; Woolf (2004) p. 100; Hudson (1996) pp. 52 § 183, 90 § 183; Anderson (1930) p. 51 § 181; Skene (1867) p. 99. Wadden, P (2016). "Dál Riata c. 1000: Genealogies and Irish Sea Politics". Scottish Historical Review. 95 (2): 164–181. doi:10.3366/shr.2016.0294. eISSN 1750-0222. ISSN 0036-9241. Clancy, TO (2008). "The Gall-Ghàidheil and Galloway" (PDF). The Journal of Scottish Name Studies. 2: 19–51. ISSN 2054-9385. Woolf, A (2007). From Pictland to Alba, 789–1070. The New Edinburgh History of Scotland. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 978-0-7486-1233-8. Woolf, A (2004). "The Age of Sea-Kings, 900–1300". In Omand, D (ed.). The Argyll Book. Edinburgh: Birlinn. pp. 94–109. ISBN 1-84158-253-0. Hudson, BT (1996). Prophecy of Berchán: Irish and Scottish High-Kings of the Early Middle Ages. Contributions to the Study of World History. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. ISBN 0-313-29567-0. ISSN 0885-9159. Anderson, AO (1930). "The Prophecy of Berchan". Zeitschrift für celtische Philologie. 18: 1–56. doi:10.1515/zcph.1930.18.1.1. eISSN 1865-889X. ISSN 0084-5302. S2CID 162902103. Skene, WF, ed. (1867). Chronicles of the Picts, Chronicles of the Scots, and Other Early Memorials of Scottish History. Edinburgh: H.M. General Register House. OL 23286818M.

snsbi.org.uk

Wadden (2016) p. 180; McDonald (2015) p. 73; McGuigan (2015) p. 163; Etchingham (2014) p. 27; Charles-Edwards (2013) p. 573; Walker (2013) ch. 5; The Annals of Ulster (2012) § 1034.10; The Annals of Tigernach (2010) § 1034.3; Bolton (2009) p. 142; Jennings; Kruse (2009) p. 125; Annals of Loch Cé (2008) § 1034.8; Clancy (2008) pp. 25, 36; The Annals of Ulster (2008) § 1034.10; Downham (2007) p. 171; Woolf (2007) p. 253; Annals of Loch Cé (2005) § 1034.8; Annals of Tigernach (2005) § 1034.3; Hudson (2005) p. 133; Broun (2004d) p. 136; MacQueen (2003) p. 69 n. 8; Oram, RD (2000) p. 7; Hudson (1994) p. 117; Jennings, A (1994) p. 143; Ó Murchadha (1992–1993) p. 66; Ó Murchú (1992) p. 36; Oram, RD (1988) p. 7; Kapelle (1979) pp. 247–248 n. 39; Anderson (1922) p. 578, 578 n. 1. Wadden, P (2016). "Dál Riata c. 1000: Genealogies and Irish Sea Politics". Scottish Historical Review. 95 (2): 164–181. doi:10.3366/shr.2016.0294. eISSN 1750-0222. ISSN 0036-9241. McDonald, RW (2015). "Outsiders, Vikings, and Merchants: The Context Dependency of the Gall-Ghàidheil in Medieval Ireland and Scotland". Journal of the Australian Early Medieval Association. 11: 67–86. doi:10.35253/JAEMA.2015.1.4. ISSN 1449-9320. McGuigan, N (2015). Neither Scotland nor England: Middle Britain, c.850–1150 (PhD thesis). University of St Andrews. hdl:10023/7829. Etchingham, C (2014). "Names for the Vikings in Irish Annals". In Sigurðsson, JV; Bolton, T (eds.). Celtic-Norse Relationships in the Irish Sea in the Middle Ages, 800–1200. The Northern World: North Europe and the Baltic c. 400–1700 AD. Peoples, Economics and Cultures. Leiden: Brill. pp. 23–38. ISBN 978-90-04-25512-8. ISSN 1569-1462. Charles-Edwards, TM (2013). Wales and the Britons, 350–1064. The History of Wales. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-821731-2. Walker, IW (2013) [2006]. Lords of Alba: The Making of Scotland (EPUB). Brimscombe Port: The History Press. ISBN 978-0-7524-9519-4. "The Annals of Ulster". Corpus of Electronic Texts (15 August 2012 ed.). University College Cork. 2012. Retrieved 11 October 2015. "The Annals of Tigernach". Corpus of Electronic Texts (2 November 2010 ed.). University College Cork. 2010. Retrieved 12 October 2015. Bolton, T (2009). The Empire of Cnut the Great: Conquest and the Consolidation of Power in Northern Europe in the Early Eleventh Century. The Northern World: North Europe and the Baltic c. 400–1700 AD. Peoples, Economics and Cultures. Leiden: Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-16670-7. ISSN 1569-1462. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help) Jennings, A; Kruse, A (2009). "From Dál Riata to the Gall-Ghàidheil". Viking and Medieval Scandinavia. 5: 123–149. doi:10.1484/J.VMS.1.100676. hdl:20.500.11820/762e78fe-2a9c-43cf-8173-8300892b31cb. ISSN 1782-7183. "Annals of Loch Cé". Corpus of Electronic Texts (5 September 2008 ed.). University College Cork. 2008. Retrieved 14 October 2015. Clancy, TO (2008). "The Gall-Ghàidheil and Galloway" (PDF). The Journal of Scottish Name Studies. 2: 19–51. ISSN 2054-9385. "The Annals of Ulster". Corpus of Electronic Texts (29 August 2008 ed.). University College Cork. 2008. Retrieved 11 October 2015. Downham, C (2007). Viking Kings of Britain and Ireland: The Dynasty of Ívarr to A.D. 1014. Edinburgh: Dunedin Academic Press. ISBN 978-1-903765-89-0. Woolf, A (2007). From Pictland to Alba, 789–1070. The New Edinburgh History of Scotland. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 978-0-7486-1233-8. "Annals of Loch Cé". Corpus of Electronic Texts (13 April 2005 ed.). University College Cork. 2005. Retrieved 14 October 2015. "Annals of Tigernach". Corpus of Electronic Texts (13 April 2005 ed.). University College Cork. 2005. Retrieved 12 October 2015. Hudson, BT (2005). Viking Pirates and Christian Princes: Dynasty, Religion, and Empire in the North Atlantic. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-516237-0. Broun, D (2004d). "The Welsh Identity of the Kingdom of Strathclyde c.900–c.1200". The Innes Review. 55 (2): 111–180. doi:10.3366/inr.2004.55.2.111. eISSN 1745-5219. ISSN 0020-157X. MacQueen, HL (2003). "Survival and Success: The Kennedys of Dunure". In Boardman, S; Ross, A (eds.). The Exercise of Power in Medieval Scotland, 1200–1500. Dublin: Four Courts Press. pp. 67–94. Oram, RD (2000). The Lordship of Galloway. Edinburgh: John Donald. ISBN 0-85976-541-5. Hudson, BT (1994). Kings of Celtic Scotland. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. ISBN 0-313-29087-3. ISSN 0885-9159. Archived from the original on 23 June 2019. Retrieved 17 August 2019. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help) Jennings, A (1994). Historical Study of the Gael and Norse in Western Scotland From c.795 to c.1000 (PhD thesis). University of Edinburgh. hdl:1842/15749. Ó Murchadha, D (1992–1993). "Nationality Names in the Irish Annals" (PDF). Nomina. 16: 49–70. ISSN 0141-6340. Ó Murchú, M (1992). "The Irish Language". In Price, G (ed.). The Celtic Connection. The Princess Grace Irish Library. Gerrards Cross: Colin Smythe. pp. 30–64. ISBN 0-86140-248-0. Oram, RD (1988). The Lordship of Galloway, c. 1000 to c. 1250 (PhD thesis). University of St Andrews. hdl:10023/2638. Kapelle, WE (1979). The Norman Conquest of the North: The Region and its Transformation, 1000–1135. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 0-8078-1371-0.
Wadden (2016) pp. 180–181; McGuigan (2015) pp. 163, 171; Clarkson (2014) ch. 9; Walker (2013) ch. 5; Bolton (2009) p. 142; Clancy (2008) p. 37; Hudson (2005) p. 133; Moody; Martin; Byrne (2005) p. 466 n. 1; Woolf (2004) p. 100; Hudson (1994) pp. 117–118, 158; Ó Murchadha (1992–1993) p. 66; Kapelle (1979) pp. 38–39, 40 tab. 3, 41, 247–248 n. 39. Wadden, P (2016). "Dál Riata c. 1000: Genealogies and Irish Sea Politics". Scottish Historical Review. 95 (2): 164–181. doi:10.3366/shr.2016.0294. eISSN 1750-0222. ISSN 0036-9241. McGuigan, N (2015). Neither Scotland nor England: Middle Britain, c.850–1150 (PhD thesis). University of St Andrews. hdl:10023/7829. Clarkson, T (2014). Strathclyde and the Anglo-Saxons in the Viking Age (EPUB). Edinburgh: John Donald. ISBN 978-1-907909-25-2. Walker, IW (2013) [2006]. Lords of Alba: The Making of Scotland (EPUB). Brimscombe Port: The History Press. ISBN 978-0-7524-9519-4. Bolton, T (2009). The Empire of Cnut the Great: Conquest and the Consolidation of Power in Northern Europe in the Early Eleventh Century. The Northern World: North Europe and the Baltic c. 400–1700 AD. Peoples, Economics and Cultures. Leiden: Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-16670-7. ISSN 1569-1462. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help) Clancy, TO (2008). "The Gall-Ghàidheil and Galloway" (PDF). The Journal of Scottish Name Studies. 2: 19–51. ISSN 2054-9385. Hudson, BT (2005). Viking Pirates and Christian Princes: Dynasty, Religion, and Empire in the North Atlantic. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-516237-0. Moody, TW; Martin, FX; Byrne, FJ, eds. (2005). Maps, Genealogies, Lists: A Companion to Irish History. New History of Ireland. Oxford: Clarendon Press. ISBN 9780198217459. Woolf, A (2004). "The Age of Sea-Kings, 900–1300". In Omand, D (ed.). The Argyll Book. Edinburgh: Birlinn. pp. 94–109. ISBN 1-84158-253-0. Hudson, BT (1994). Kings of Celtic Scotland. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. ISBN 0-313-29087-3. ISSN 0885-9159. Archived from the original on 23 June 2019. Retrieved 17 August 2019. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help) Ó Murchadha, D (1992–1993). "Nationality Names in the Irish Annals" (PDF). Nomina. 16: 49–70. ISSN 0141-6340. Kapelle, WE (1979). The Norman Conquest of the North: The Region and its Transformation, 1000–1135. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 0-8078-1371-0.

ssns.org.uk

Jennings, A (2015); Jennings; Kruse (2009) pp. 123–124, 144; Jennings, AP (2001); Jennings, A (1998) p. 46; Jennings, A (1996) p. 66; Jennings, A (1994) pp. 78–79. Jennings, A (2015) [1997]. "Isles, Kingdom of the". In Crowcroft, R; Cannon, J (eds.). The Oxford Companion to British History (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acref/9780199677832.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-967783-2 – via Oxford Reference. Jennings, A; Kruse, A (2009). "From Dál Riata to the Gall-Ghàidheil". Viking and Medieval Scandinavia. 5: 123–149. doi:10.1484/J.VMS.1.100676. hdl:20.500.11820/762e78fe-2a9c-43cf-8173-8300892b31cb. ISSN 1782-7183. Jennings, AP (2001). "Galloway, Origins of". In Lynch, M (ed.). The Oxford Companion to Scottish History. Oxford Companions. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 257–258. ISBN 0-19-211696-7. Jennings, A (1998). "Iona and the Vikings: Survival and Continuity" (PDF). Northern Studies. 33: 37–54. ISSN 0305-506X. Jennings, A (1996). "Historical and Linguistic Evidence for Gall-Gaidheil and Norse in Western Scotland". In Ureland, PS; Clarkson, I (eds.). Language Contact Across the North Atlantic. Tübingen: Max Niemeyer Verlag. pp. 61–74. doi:10.1515/9783110929652.61. ISBN 3-484-30359-X. ISSN 0344-6727. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help) Jennings, A (1994). Historical Study of the Gael and Norse in Western Scotland From c.795 to c.1000 (PhD thesis). University of Edinburgh. hdl:1842/15749.
Charles-Edwards (2013) p. 573; Flanagan (2010) p. 231 n. 196; Clancy (2008) p. 28; Downham (2007) p. 171; Duffy (2006) pp. 56–57; Forte; Oram; Pedersen (2005) p. 229; Hudson (2005) pp. 129, 138; Duffy (2002) pp. 53–54; Etchingham (2001) p. 160; Oram, RD (2000) p. 17; Duffy (1992) pp. 98–99; Anderson (1922) pp. 590–592 n. 2; Waitz (1844) p. 559. Charles-Edwards, TM (2013). Wales and the Britons, 350–1064. The History of Wales. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-821731-2. Flanagan, MT (2010). The Transformation of the Irish Church in the Twelfth and Thirteenth Centuries. Studies in Celtic History. Woodbridge: The Boydell Press. ISBN 978-1-84383-597-4. ISSN 0261-9865. Clancy, TO (2008). "The Gall-Ghàidheil and Galloway" (PDF). The Journal of Scottish Name Studies. 2: 19–51. ISSN 2054-9385. Downham, C (2007). Viking Kings of Britain and Ireland: The Dynasty of Ívarr to A.D. 1014. Edinburgh: Dunedin Academic Press. ISBN 978-1-903765-89-0. Duffy, S (2006). "The Royal Dynasties of Dublin and the Isles in the Eleventh Century". In Duffy, S (ed.). Medieval Dublin. Vol. 7. Dublin: Four Courts Press. pp. 51–65. ISBN 1-85182-974-1. Hudson, BT (2005). Viking Pirates and Christian Princes: Dynasty, Religion, and Empire in the North Atlantic. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-516237-0. Duffy, S (2002). "Emerging from the Mist: Ireland and Man in the Eleventh Century" (PDF). In Davey, P; Finlayson, D; Thomlinson, P (eds.). Mannin Revisited: Twelve Essays on Manx Culture and Environment. Edinburgh: The Scottish Society for Northern Studies. pp. 53–61. ISBN 0-9535226-2-8. Etchingham, C (2001). "North Wales, Ireland and the Isles: the Insular Viking Zone". Peritia. 15: 145–187. doi:10.1484/J.Peri.3.434. eISSN 2034-6506. ISSN 0332-1592. Oram, RD (2000). The Lordship of Galloway. Edinburgh: John Donald. ISBN 0-85976-541-5. Duffy, S (1992). "Irishmen and Islesmen in the Kingdoms of Dublin and Man, 1052–1171". Ériu. 43: 93–133. eISSN 2009-0056. ISSN 0332-0758. JSTOR 30007421. Waitz, G (1844). "Mariani Scotti Chronicon". In Pertz, GH (ed.). Monvmenta Germaniae Historica. Scriptores. Hanover: Hahn. pp. 481–568.
McGuigan (2015) p. 107; Charles-Edwards (2013) pp. 573–575, 573 n. 108; Flanagan (2010) p. 231 n. 196; Clancy (2008) p. 28; Downham (2007) p. 171; Duffy (2006) pp. 56–57; Forte; Oram; Pedersen (2005) p. 229; Hudson (2005) pp. 129, 138; Duffy (2002) pp. 53–54; Etchingham (2001) p. 160; Oram, RD (2000) p. 17; Duffy (1992) pp. 98–99. McGuigan, N (2015). Neither Scotland nor England: Middle Britain, c.850–1150 (PhD thesis). University of St Andrews. hdl:10023/7829. Charles-Edwards, TM (2013). Wales and the Britons, 350–1064. The History of Wales. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-821731-2. Flanagan, MT (2010). The Transformation of the Irish Church in the Twelfth and Thirteenth Centuries. Studies in Celtic History. Woodbridge: The Boydell Press. ISBN 978-1-84383-597-4. ISSN 0261-9865. Clancy, TO (2008). "The Gall-Ghàidheil and Galloway" (PDF). The Journal of Scottish Name Studies. 2: 19–51. ISSN 2054-9385. Downham, C (2007). Viking Kings of Britain and Ireland: The Dynasty of Ívarr to A.D. 1014. Edinburgh: Dunedin Academic Press. ISBN 978-1-903765-89-0. Duffy, S (2006). "The Royal Dynasties of Dublin and the Isles in the Eleventh Century". In Duffy, S (ed.). Medieval Dublin. Vol. 7. Dublin: Four Courts Press. pp. 51–65. ISBN 1-85182-974-1. Hudson, BT (2005). Viking Pirates and Christian Princes: Dynasty, Religion, and Empire in the North Atlantic. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-516237-0. Duffy, S (2002). "Emerging from the Mist: Ireland and Man in the Eleventh Century" (PDF). In Davey, P; Finlayson, D; Thomlinson, P (eds.). Mannin Revisited: Twelve Essays on Manx Culture and Environment. Edinburgh: The Scottish Society for Northern Studies. pp. 53–61. ISBN 0-9535226-2-8. Etchingham, C (2001). "North Wales, Ireland and the Isles: the Insular Viking Zone". Peritia. 15: 145–187. doi:10.1484/J.Peri.3.434. eISSN 2034-6506. ISSN 0332-1592. Oram, RD (2000). The Lordship of Galloway. Edinburgh: John Donald. ISBN 0-85976-541-5. Duffy, S (1992). "Irishmen and Islesmen in the Kingdoms of Dublin and Man, 1052–1171". Ériu. 43: 93–133. eISSN 2009-0056. ISSN 0332-0758. JSTOR 30007421.

thebottleimp.org.uk

Grant (2011). Grant, A (2011). "Gaelic Place-Names: Gall". The Bottle Imp. 10. ISSN 1754-1514.

ucc.ie

The Annals of Tigernach (2010) § 1034.3; Annals of Tigernach (2005) § 1034.3; Anderson (1922) p. 578; Bodleian Library MS. Rawl. B. 488 (n.d.). "The Annals of Tigernach". Corpus of Electronic Texts (2 November 2010 ed.). University College Cork. 2010. Retrieved 12 October 2015. "Annals of Tigernach". Corpus of Electronic Texts (13 April 2005 ed.). University College Cork. 2005. Retrieved 12 October 2015. "Bodleian Library MS. Rawl. B. 488". Early Manuscripts at Oxford University. Oxford Digital Library. n.d. Retrieved 17 October 2015.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: year (link)
Wadden (2016) p. 180; McDonald (2015) p. 73; McGuigan (2015) p. 163; Etchingham (2014) p. 27; Charles-Edwards (2013) p. 573; Walker (2013) ch. 5; The Annals of Ulster (2012) § 1034.10; The Annals of Tigernach (2010) § 1034.3; Bolton (2009) p. 142; Jennings; Kruse (2009) p. 125; Annals of Loch Cé (2008) § 1034.8; Clancy (2008) pp. 25, 36; The Annals of Ulster (2008) § 1034.10; Downham (2007) p. 171; Woolf (2007) p. 253; Annals of Loch Cé (2005) § 1034.8; Annals of Tigernach (2005) § 1034.3; Hudson (2005) p. 133; Broun (2004d) p. 136; MacQueen (2003) p. 69 n. 8; Oram, RD (2000) p. 7; Hudson (1994) p. 117; Jennings, A (1994) p. 143; Ó Murchadha (1992–1993) p. 66; Ó Murchú (1992) p. 36; Oram, RD (1988) p. 7; Kapelle (1979) pp. 247–248 n. 39; Anderson (1922) p. 578, 578 n. 1. Wadden, P (2016). "Dál Riata c. 1000: Genealogies and Irish Sea Politics". Scottish Historical Review. 95 (2): 164–181. doi:10.3366/shr.2016.0294. eISSN 1750-0222. ISSN 0036-9241. McDonald, RW (2015). "Outsiders, Vikings, and Merchants: The Context Dependency of the Gall-Ghàidheil in Medieval Ireland and Scotland". Journal of the Australian Early Medieval Association. 11: 67–86. doi:10.35253/JAEMA.2015.1.4. ISSN 1449-9320. McGuigan, N (2015). Neither Scotland nor England: Middle Britain, c.850–1150 (PhD thesis). University of St Andrews. hdl:10023/7829. Etchingham, C (2014). "Names for the Vikings in Irish Annals". In Sigurðsson, JV; Bolton, T (eds.). Celtic-Norse Relationships in the Irish Sea in the Middle Ages, 800–1200. The Northern World: North Europe and the Baltic c. 400–1700 AD. Peoples, Economics and Cultures. Leiden: Brill. pp. 23–38. ISBN 978-90-04-25512-8. ISSN 1569-1462. Charles-Edwards, TM (2013). Wales and the Britons, 350–1064. The History of Wales. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-821731-2. Walker, IW (2013) [2006]. Lords of Alba: The Making of Scotland (EPUB). Brimscombe Port: The History Press. ISBN 978-0-7524-9519-4. "The Annals of Ulster". Corpus of Electronic Texts (15 August 2012 ed.). University College Cork. 2012. Retrieved 11 October 2015. "The Annals of Tigernach". Corpus of Electronic Texts (2 November 2010 ed.). University College Cork. 2010. Retrieved 12 October 2015. Bolton, T (2009). The Empire of Cnut the Great: Conquest and the Consolidation of Power in Northern Europe in the Early Eleventh Century. The Northern World: North Europe and the Baltic c. 400–1700 AD. Peoples, Economics and Cultures. Leiden: Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-16670-7. ISSN 1569-1462. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help) Jennings, A; Kruse, A (2009). "From Dál Riata to the Gall-Ghàidheil". Viking and Medieval Scandinavia. 5: 123–149. doi:10.1484/J.VMS.1.100676. hdl:20.500.11820/762e78fe-2a9c-43cf-8173-8300892b31cb. ISSN 1782-7183. "Annals of Loch Cé". Corpus of Electronic Texts (5 September 2008 ed.). University College Cork. 2008. Retrieved 14 October 2015. Clancy, TO (2008). "The Gall-Ghàidheil and Galloway" (PDF). The Journal of Scottish Name Studies. 2: 19–51. ISSN 2054-9385. "The Annals of Ulster". Corpus of Electronic Texts (29 August 2008 ed.). University College Cork. 2008. Retrieved 11 October 2015. Downham, C (2007). Viking Kings of Britain and Ireland: The Dynasty of Ívarr to A.D. 1014. Edinburgh: Dunedin Academic Press. ISBN 978-1-903765-89-0. Woolf, A (2007). From Pictland to Alba, 789–1070. The New Edinburgh History of Scotland. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 978-0-7486-1233-8. "Annals of Loch Cé". Corpus of Electronic Texts (13 April 2005 ed.). University College Cork. 2005. Retrieved 14 October 2015. "Annals of Tigernach". Corpus of Electronic Texts (13 April 2005 ed.). University College Cork. 2005. Retrieved 12 October 2015. Hudson, BT (2005). Viking Pirates and Christian Princes: Dynasty, Religion, and Empire in the North Atlantic. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-516237-0. Broun, D (2004d). "The Welsh Identity of the Kingdom of Strathclyde c.900–c.1200". The Innes Review. 55 (2): 111–180. doi:10.3366/inr.2004.55.2.111. eISSN 1745-5219. ISSN 0020-157X. MacQueen, HL (2003). "Survival and Success: The Kennedys of Dunure". In Boardman, S; Ross, A (eds.). The Exercise of Power in Medieval Scotland, 1200–1500. Dublin: Four Courts Press. pp. 67–94. Oram, RD (2000). The Lordship of Galloway. Edinburgh: John Donald. ISBN 0-85976-541-5. Hudson, BT (1994). Kings of Celtic Scotland. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. ISBN 0-313-29087-3. ISSN 0885-9159. Archived from the original on 23 June 2019. Retrieved 17 August 2019. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help) Jennings, A (1994). Historical Study of the Gael and Norse in Western Scotland From c.795 to c.1000 (PhD thesis). University of Edinburgh. hdl:1842/15749. Ó Murchadha, D (1992–1993). "Nationality Names in the Irish Annals" (PDF). Nomina. 16: 49–70. ISSN 0141-6340. Ó Murchú, M (1992). "The Irish Language". In Price, G (ed.). The Celtic Connection. The Princess Grace Irish Library. Gerrards Cross: Colin Smythe. pp. 30–64. ISBN 0-86140-248-0. Oram, RD (1988). The Lordship of Galloway, c. 1000 to c. 1250 (PhD thesis). University of St Andrews. hdl:10023/2638. Kapelle, WE (1979). The Norman Conquest of the North: The Region and its Transformation, 1000–1135. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 0-8078-1371-0.
The Annals of Ulster (2012) § 1034.10; The Annals of Ulster (2008) § 1034.10; Anderson (1922) p. 578 n. 1; Bodleian Library MS. Rawl. B. 489 (n.d.). "The Annals of Ulster". Corpus of Electronic Texts (15 August 2012 ed.). University College Cork. 2012. Retrieved 11 October 2015. "The Annals of Ulster". Corpus of Electronic Texts (29 August 2008 ed.). University College Cork. 2008. Retrieved 11 October 2015. "Bodleian Library MS. Rawl. B. 489". Early Manuscripts at Oxford University. Oxford Digital Library. n.d. Retrieved 17 October 2015.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: year (link)
The Annals of Ulster (2012) § 1200.6; Clancy (2008) p. 38; The Annals of Ulster (2008) § 1200.6; Annala Uladh (2005) § 1234.1; Forte; Oram; Pedersen (2005) pp. 96–97; Annala Uladh (2003) § 1234.1; Jennings, AP (2001); Oram, RD (2000) p. 7; Jennings, A (1994) p. 144; Oram, RD (1988) pp. 7–8, 333. "The Annals of Ulster". Corpus of Electronic Texts (15 August 2012 ed.). University College Cork. 2012. Retrieved 11 October 2015. Clancy, TO (2008). "The Gall-Ghàidheil and Galloway" (PDF). The Journal of Scottish Name Studies. 2: 19–51. ISSN 2054-9385. "The Annals of Ulster". Corpus of Electronic Texts (29 August 2008 ed.). University College Cork. 2008. Retrieved 11 October 2015. "Annala Uladh: Annals of Ulster Otherwise Annala Senait, Annals of Senat". Corpus of Electronic Texts (13 April 2005 ed.). University College Cork. 2005. Retrieved 11 October 2015. "Annala Uladh: Annals of Ulster Otherwise Annala Senait, Annals of Senat". Corpus of Electronic Texts (28 January 2003 ed.). University College Cork. 2003. Retrieved 11 October 2015. Jennings, AP (2001). "Galloway, Origins of". In Lynch, M (ed.). The Oxford Companion to Scottish History. Oxford Companions. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 257–258. ISBN 0-19-211696-7. Oram, RD (2000). The Lordship of Galloway. Edinburgh: John Donald. ISBN 0-85976-541-5. Jennings, A (1994). Historical Study of the Gael and Norse in Western Scotland From c.795 to c.1000 (PhD thesis). University of Edinburgh. hdl:1842/15749. Oram, RD (1988). The Lordship of Galloway, c. 1000 to c. 1250 (PhD thesis). University of St Andrews. hdl:10023/2638.
The Annals of Tigernach (2010) § 1036.8; Annals of Tigernach (2005) § 1036.8; Bodleian Library MS. Rawl. B. 488 (n.d.). "The Annals of Tigernach". Corpus of Electronic Texts (2 November 2010 ed.). University College Cork. 2010. Retrieved 12 October 2015. "Annals of Tigernach". Corpus of Electronic Texts (13 April 2005 ed.). University College Cork. 2005. Retrieved 12 October 2015. "Bodleian Library MS. Rawl. B. 488". Early Manuscripts at Oxford University. Oxford Digital Library. n.d. Retrieved 17 October 2015.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: year (link)
The Annals of Tigernach (2010) § 1034.2; Annals of Tigernach (2005) § 1034.2; Bodleian Library MS. Rawl. B. 488 (n.d.). "The Annals of Tigernach". Corpus of Electronic Texts (2 November 2010 ed.). University College Cork. 2010. Retrieved 12 October 2015. "Annals of Tigernach". Corpus of Electronic Texts (13 April 2005 ed.). University College Cork. 2005. Retrieved 12 October 2015. "Bodleian Library MS. Rawl. B. 488". Early Manuscripts at Oxford University. Oxford Digital Library. n.d. Retrieved 17 October 2015.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: year (link)
The Annals of Tigernach (2010) § 1034.1; Annals of Tigernach (2005) § 1034.1; Bodleian Library MS. Rawl. B. 488 (n.d.). "The Annals of Tigernach". Corpus of Electronic Texts (2 November 2010 ed.). University College Cork. 2010. Retrieved 12 October 2015. "Annals of Tigernach". Corpus of Electronic Texts (13 April 2005 ed.). University College Cork. 2005. Retrieved 12 October 2015. "Bodleian Library MS. Rawl. B. 488". Early Manuscripts at Oxford University. Oxford Digital Library. n.d. Retrieved 17 October 2015.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: year (link)
Edmonds (2014) p. 210, 210 n. 88; Clarkson (2010) ch. 9; The Annals of Tigernach (2010) § 1030.11; Woolf (2007) p. 254; Annals of Tigernach (2005) § 1030.11; Broun (2004d) pp. 136–137. Edmonds, F (2014). "The Emergence and Transformation of Medieval Cumbria". Scottish Historical Review. 93 (2): 195–216. doi:10.3366/shr.2014.0216. eISSN 1750-0222. ISSN 0036-9241. Clarkson, T (2010). The Men of the North: The Britons and Southern Scotland (EPUB). Edinburgh: John Donald. ISBN 978-1-907909-02-3. "The Annals of Tigernach". Corpus of Electronic Texts (2 November 2010 ed.). University College Cork. 2010. Retrieved 12 October 2015. Woolf, A (2007). From Pictland to Alba, 789–1070. The New Edinburgh History of Scotland. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 978-0-7486-1233-8. "Annals of Tigernach". Corpus of Electronic Texts (13 April 2005 ed.). University College Cork. 2005. Retrieved 12 October 2015. Broun, D (2004d). "The Welsh Identity of the Kingdom of Strathclyde c.900–c.1200". The Innes Review. 55 (2): 111–180. doi:10.3366/inr.2004.55.2.111. eISSN 1745-5219. ISSN 0020-157X.
Edmonds (2014) pp. 207–208, 208 n. 69; Book of Leinster (2012) §§ 24980–24985. Edmonds, F (2014). "The Emergence and Transformation of Medieval Cumbria". Scottish Historical Review. 93 (2): 195–216. doi:10.3366/shr.2014.0216. eISSN 1750-0222. ISSN 0036-9241. "Book of Leinster, Formerly Lebar na Núachongbála". Corpus of Electronic Texts (14 February 2012 ed.). University College Cork. 2012. Retrieved 20 October 2015.
The Annals of Ulster (2012) § 1033.7; The Annals of Ulster (2008) § 1033.7; Bodleian Library MS. Rawl. B. 489 (n.d.). "The Annals of Ulster". Corpus of Electronic Texts (15 August 2012 ed.). University College Cork. 2012. Retrieved 11 October 2015. "The Annals of Ulster". Corpus of Electronic Texts (29 August 2008 ed.). University College Cork. 2008. Retrieved 11 October 2015. "Bodleian Library MS. Rawl. B. 489". Early Manuscripts at Oxford University. Oxford Digital Library. n.d. Retrieved 17 October 2015.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: year (link)
Walker (2013) ch. 5; The Annals of Ulster (2012) § 1033.7; Woolf (2009) p. 262; The Annals of Ulster (2008) § 1033.7; Woolf (2007) p. 247 n. 34; Broun (2004a); Broun (2004b); Broun (2004c); Duncan (1996) p. 113, 113 n. 25; Hudson (1996) p. 221; Smyth (1989) p. 226. Walker, IW (2013) [2006]. Lords of Alba: The Making of Scotland (EPUB). Brimscombe Port: The History Press. ISBN 978-0-7524-9519-4. "The Annals of Ulster". Corpus of Electronic Texts (15 August 2012 ed.). University College Cork. 2012. Retrieved 11 October 2015. Woolf, A (2009). "Scotland". In Stafford, P (ed.). A Companion to the Early Middle Ages: Britain and Ireland, c.500–c.1100. Blackwell Companions to British History. Chichester: Blackwell Publishing. pp. 251–267. ISBN 978-1-405-10628-3. "The Annals of Ulster". Corpus of Electronic Texts (29 August 2008 ed.). University College Cork. 2008. Retrieved 11 October 2015. Woolf, A (2007). From Pictland to Alba, 789–1070. The New Edinburgh History of Scotland. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 978-0-7486-1233-8. Broun, D (2004a). "Kenneth II (d. 995)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/15399. Retrieved 3 December 2015. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.) Broun, D (2004b). "Kenneth III (d. 1005)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/15400. Retrieved 3 December 2015. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.) Broun, D (2004c). "Malcolm II (d. 1034)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/17858. Retrieved 24 October 2011. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.) Duncan, AAM (1996) [1975]. Scotland: The Making of the Kingdom. The Edinburgh History of Scotland. Edinburgh: Mercat Press. ISBN 0-901824-83-6. Hudson, BT (1996). Prophecy of Berchán: Irish and Scottish High-Kings of the Early Middle Ages. Contributions to the Study of World History. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. ISBN 0-313-29567-0. ISSN 0885-9159. Smyth, AP (1989) [1984]. Warlords and Holy Men: Scotland, AD 80–1000. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 0-7486-0100-7.

uhi.ac.uk

pure.uhi.ac.uk

Wadden (2016) p. 180; McDonald (2015) p. 73; McGuigan (2015) p. 163; Etchingham (2014) p. 27; Charles-Edwards (2013) p. 573; Walker (2013) ch. 5; The Annals of Ulster (2012) § 1034.10; The Annals of Tigernach (2010) § 1034.3; Bolton (2009) p. 142; Jennings; Kruse (2009) p. 125; Annals of Loch Cé (2008) § 1034.8; Clancy (2008) pp. 25, 36; The Annals of Ulster (2008) § 1034.10; Downham (2007) p. 171; Woolf (2007) p. 253; Annals of Loch Cé (2005) § 1034.8; Annals of Tigernach (2005) § 1034.3; Hudson (2005) p. 133; Broun (2004d) p. 136; MacQueen (2003) p. 69 n. 8; Oram, RD (2000) p. 7; Hudson (1994) p. 117; Jennings, A (1994) p. 143; Ó Murchadha (1992–1993) p. 66; Ó Murchú (1992) p. 36; Oram, RD (1988) p. 7; Kapelle (1979) pp. 247–248 n. 39; Anderson (1922) p. 578, 578 n. 1. Wadden, P (2016). "Dál Riata c. 1000: Genealogies and Irish Sea Politics". Scottish Historical Review. 95 (2): 164–181. doi:10.3366/shr.2016.0294. eISSN 1750-0222. ISSN 0036-9241. McDonald, RW (2015). "Outsiders, Vikings, and Merchants: The Context Dependency of the Gall-Ghàidheil in Medieval Ireland and Scotland". Journal of the Australian Early Medieval Association. 11: 67–86. doi:10.35253/JAEMA.2015.1.4. ISSN 1449-9320. McGuigan, N (2015). Neither Scotland nor England: Middle Britain, c.850–1150 (PhD thesis). University of St Andrews. hdl:10023/7829. Etchingham, C (2014). "Names for the Vikings in Irish Annals". In Sigurðsson, JV; Bolton, T (eds.). Celtic-Norse Relationships in the Irish Sea in the Middle Ages, 800–1200. The Northern World: North Europe and the Baltic c. 400–1700 AD. Peoples, Economics and Cultures. Leiden: Brill. pp. 23–38. ISBN 978-90-04-25512-8. ISSN 1569-1462. Charles-Edwards, TM (2013). Wales and the Britons, 350–1064. The History of Wales. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-821731-2. Walker, IW (2013) [2006]. Lords of Alba: The Making of Scotland (EPUB). Brimscombe Port: The History Press. ISBN 978-0-7524-9519-4. "The Annals of Ulster". Corpus of Electronic Texts (15 August 2012 ed.). University College Cork. 2012. Retrieved 11 October 2015. "The Annals of Tigernach". Corpus of Electronic Texts (2 November 2010 ed.). University College Cork. 2010. Retrieved 12 October 2015. Bolton, T (2009). The Empire of Cnut the Great: Conquest and the Consolidation of Power in Northern Europe in the Early Eleventh Century. The Northern World: North Europe and the Baltic c. 400–1700 AD. Peoples, Economics and Cultures. Leiden: Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-16670-7. ISSN 1569-1462. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help) Jennings, A; Kruse, A (2009). "From Dál Riata to the Gall-Ghàidheil". Viking and Medieval Scandinavia. 5: 123–149. doi:10.1484/J.VMS.1.100676. hdl:20.500.11820/762e78fe-2a9c-43cf-8173-8300892b31cb. ISSN 1782-7183. "Annals of Loch Cé". Corpus of Electronic Texts (5 September 2008 ed.). University College Cork. 2008. Retrieved 14 October 2015. Clancy, TO (2008). "The Gall-Ghàidheil and Galloway" (PDF). The Journal of Scottish Name Studies. 2: 19–51. ISSN 2054-9385. "The Annals of Ulster". Corpus of Electronic Texts (29 August 2008 ed.). University College Cork. 2008. Retrieved 11 October 2015. Downham, C (2007). Viking Kings of Britain and Ireland: The Dynasty of Ívarr to A.D. 1014. Edinburgh: Dunedin Academic Press. ISBN 978-1-903765-89-0. Woolf, A (2007). From Pictland to Alba, 789–1070. The New Edinburgh History of Scotland. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 978-0-7486-1233-8. "Annals of Loch Cé". Corpus of Electronic Texts (13 April 2005 ed.). University College Cork. 2005. Retrieved 14 October 2015. "Annals of Tigernach". Corpus of Electronic Texts (13 April 2005 ed.). University College Cork. 2005. Retrieved 12 October 2015. Hudson, BT (2005). Viking Pirates and Christian Princes: Dynasty, Religion, and Empire in the North Atlantic. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-516237-0. Broun, D (2004d). "The Welsh Identity of the Kingdom of Strathclyde c.900–c.1200". The Innes Review. 55 (2): 111–180. doi:10.3366/inr.2004.55.2.111. eISSN 1745-5219. ISSN 0020-157X. MacQueen, HL (2003). "Survival and Success: The Kennedys of Dunure". In Boardman, S; Ross, A (eds.). The Exercise of Power in Medieval Scotland, 1200–1500. Dublin: Four Courts Press. pp. 67–94. Oram, RD (2000). The Lordship of Galloway. Edinburgh: John Donald. ISBN 0-85976-541-5. Hudson, BT (1994). Kings of Celtic Scotland. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. ISBN 0-313-29087-3. ISSN 0885-9159. Archived from the original on 23 June 2019. Retrieved 17 August 2019. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help) Jennings, A (1994). Historical Study of the Gael and Norse in Western Scotland From c.795 to c.1000 (PhD thesis). University of Edinburgh. hdl:1842/15749. Ó Murchadha, D (1992–1993). "Nationality Names in the Irish Annals" (PDF). Nomina. 16: 49–70. ISSN 0141-6340. Ó Murchú, M (1992). "The Irish Language". In Price, G (ed.). The Celtic Connection. The Princess Grace Irish Library. Gerrards Cross: Colin Smythe. pp. 30–64. ISBN 0-86140-248-0. Oram, RD (1988). The Lordship of Galloway, c. 1000 to c. 1250 (PhD thesis). University of St Andrews. hdl:10023/2638. Kapelle, WE (1979). The Norman Conquest of the North: The Region and its Transformation, 1000–1135. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 0-8078-1371-0.
Jennings, A (2015); Jennings; Kruse (2009) pp. 123–124, 144; Jennings, AP (2001); Jennings, A (1998) p. 46; Jennings, A (1996) p. 66; Jennings, A (1994) pp. 78–79. Jennings, A (2015) [1997]. "Isles, Kingdom of the". In Crowcroft, R; Cannon, J (eds.). The Oxford Companion to British History (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acref/9780199677832.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-967783-2 – via Oxford Reference. Jennings, A; Kruse, A (2009). "From Dál Riata to the Gall-Ghàidheil". Viking and Medieval Scandinavia. 5: 123–149. doi:10.1484/J.VMS.1.100676. hdl:20.500.11820/762e78fe-2a9c-43cf-8173-8300892b31cb. ISSN 1782-7183. Jennings, AP (2001). "Galloway, Origins of". In Lynch, M (ed.). The Oxford Companion to Scottish History. Oxford Companions. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 257–258. ISBN 0-19-211696-7. Jennings, A (1998). "Iona and the Vikings: Survival and Continuity" (PDF). Northern Studies. 33: 37–54. ISSN 0305-506X. Jennings, A (1996). "Historical and Linguistic Evidence for Gall-Gaidheil and Norse in Western Scotland". In Ureland, PS; Clarkson, I (eds.). Language Contact Across the North Atlantic. Tübingen: Max Niemeyer Verlag. pp. 61–74. doi:10.1515/9783110929652.61. ISBN 3-484-30359-X. ISSN 0344-6727. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help) Jennings, A (1994). Historical Study of the Gael and Norse in Western Scotland From c.795 to c.1000 (PhD thesis). University of Edinburgh. hdl:1842/15749.
Jennings; Kruse (2009) p. 144; Woolf (2007) p. 100 n. 24. Jennings, A; Kruse, A (2009). "From Dál Riata to the Gall-Ghàidheil". Viking and Medieval Scandinavia. 5: 123–149. doi:10.1484/J.VMS.1.100676. hdl:20.500.11820/762e78fe-2a9c-43cf-8173-8300892b31cb. ISSN 1782-7183. Woolf, A (2007). From Pictland to Alba, 789–1070. The New Edinburgh History of Scotland. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 978-0-7486-1233-8.
Jennings, A (2015); Jennings; Kruse (2009); Jennings, A (1996); Jennings, A (1994) p. 78. Jennings, A (2015) [1997]. "Isles, Kingdom of the". In Crowcroft, R; Cannon, J (eds.). The Oxford Companion to British History (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acref/9780199677832.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-967783-2 – via Oxford Reference. Jennings, A; Kruse, A (2009). "From Dál Riata to the Gall-Ghàidheil". Viking and Medieval Scandinavia. 5: 123–149. doi:10.1484/J.VMS.1.100676. hdl:20.500.11820/762e78fe-2a9c-43cf-8173-8300892b31cb. ISSN 1782-7183. Jennings, A (1996). "Historical and Linguistic Evidence for Gall-Gaidheil and Norse in Western Scotland". In Ureland, PS; Clarkson, I (eds.). Language Contact Across the North Atlantic. Tübingen: Max Niemeyer Verlag. pp. 61–74. doi:10.1515/9783110929652.61. ISBN 3-484-30359-X. ISSN 0344-6727. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help) Jennings, A (1994). Historical Study of the Gael and Norse in Western Scotland From c.795 to c.1000 (PhD thesis). University of Edinburgh. hdl:1842/15749.
Jennings; Kruse (2009) pp. 126, 132–133; Jennings, AP (2001); Jennings, A (1996) p. 67; Jennings, A (1994) pp. 83, 180. Jennings, A; Kruse, A (2009). "From Dál Riata to the Gall-Ghàidheil". Viking and Medieval Scandinavia. 5: 123–149. doi:10.1484/J.VMS.1.100676. hdl:20.500.11820/762e78fe-2a9c-43cf-8173-8300892b31cb. ISSN 1782-7183. Jennings, AP (2001). "Galloway, Origins of". In Lynch, M (ed.). The Oxford Companion to Scottish History. Oxford Companions. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 257–258. ISBN 0-19-211696-7. Jennings, A (1996). "Historical and Linguistic Evidence for Gall-Gaidheil and Norse in Western Scotland". In Ureland, PS; Clarkson, I (eds.). Language Contact Across the North Atlantic. Tübingen: Max Niemeyer Verlag. pp. 61–74. doi:10.1515/9783110929652.61. ISBN 3-484-30359-X. ISSN 0344-6727. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help) Jennings, A (1994). Historical Study of the Gael and Norse in Western Scotland From c.795 to c.1000 (PhD thesis). University of Edinburgh. hdl:1842/15749.
Jennings; Kruse (2009) pp. 126–128, 131–133; Jennings, AP (2001); Jennings, A (1996) p. 67; Jennings, A (1994) pp. 83–85, 114, 141, 180. Jennings, A; Kruse, A (2009). "From Dál Riata to the Gall-Ghàidheil". Viking and Medieval Scandinavia. 5: 123–149. doi:10.1484/J.VMS.1.100676. hdl:20.500.11820/762e78fe-2a9c-43cf-8173-8300892b31cb. ISSN 1782-7183. Jennings, AP (2001). "Galloway, Origins of". In Lynch, M (ed.). The Oxford Companion to Scottish History. Oxford Companions. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 257–258. ISBN 0-19-211696-7. Jennings, A (1996). "Historical and Linguistic Evidence for Gall-Gaidheil and Norse in Western Scotland". In Ureland, PS; Clarkson, I (eds.). Language Contact Across the North Atlantic. Tübingen: Max Niemeyer Verlag. pp. 61–74. doi:10.1515/9783110929652.61. ISBN 3-484-30359-X. ISSN 0344-6727. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help) Jennings, A (1994). Historical Study of the Gael and Norse in Western Scotland From c.795 to c.1000 (PhD thesis). University of Edinburgh. hdl:1842/15749.
Jennings, A (2015); Jennings; Kruse (2009). Jennings, A (2015) [1997]. "Isles, Kingdom of the". In Crowcroft, R; Cannon, J (eds.). The Oxford Companion to British History (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acref/9780199677832.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-967783-2 – via Oxford Reference. Jennings, A; Kruse, A (2009). "From Dál Riata to the Gall-Ghàidheil". Viking and Medieval Scandinavia. 5: 123–149. doi:10.1484/J.VMS.1.100676. hdl:20.500.11820/762e78fe-2a9c-43cf-8173-8300892b31cb. ISSN 1782-7183.
Charles-Edwards (2013) pp. 574–575; Clancy (2008) pp. 30–31; Jennings; Kruse (2009) p. 133; Anderson (1922) pp. 176–177 n. 6; Kelly (n.d.) p. xxxi § 10. Charles-Edwards, TM (2013). Wales and the Britons, 350–1064. The History of Wales. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-821731-2. Clancy, TO (2008). "The Gall-Ghàidheil and Galloway" (PDF). The Journal of Scottish Name Studies. 2: 19–51. ISSN 2054-9385. Jennings, A; Kruse, A (2009). "From Dál Riata to the Gall-Ghàidheil". Viking and Medieval Scandinavia. 5: 123–149. doi:10.1484/J.VMS.1.100676. hdl:20.500.11820/762e78fe-2a9c-43cf-8173-8300892b31cb. ISSN 1782-7183. Kelly, M, ed. (n.d.). Caldendar of Irish Saints: The Martyrology of Tallagh. Dublin: J. Mullany.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: year (link)

web.archive.org

Clarkson (2014); Hudson (2005); Hudson (1994). Clarkson, T (2014). Strathclyde and the Anglo-Saxons in the Viking Age (EPUB). Edinburgh: John Donald. ISBN 978-1-907909-25-2. Hudson, BT (2005). Viking Pirates and Christian Princes: Dynasty, Religion, and Empire in the North Atlantic. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-516237-0. Hudson, BT (1994). Kings of Celtic Scotland. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. ISBN 0-313-29087-3. ISSN 0885-9159. Archived from the original on 23 June 2019. Retrieved 17 August 2019. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help)
Wadden (2016) p. 180; McDonald (2015) p. 73; McGuigan (2015) p. 163; Etchingham (2014) p. 27; Charles-Edwards (2013) p. 573; Walker (2013) ch. 5; The Annals of Ulster (2012) § 1034.10; The Annals of Tigernach (2010) § 1034.3; Bolton (2009) p. 142; Jennings; Kruse (2009) p. 125; Annals of Loch Cé (2008) § 1034.8; Clancy (2008) pp. 25, 36; The Annals of Ulster (2008) § 1034.10; Downham (2007) p. 171; Woolf (2007) p. 253; Annals of Loch Cé (2005) § 1034.8; Annals of Tigernach (2005) § 1034.3; Hudson (2005) p. 133; Broun (2004d) p. 136; MacQueen (2003) p. 69 n. 8; Oram, RD (2000) p. 7; Hudson (1994) p. 117; Jennings, A (1994) p. 143; Ó Murchadha (1992–1993) p. 66; Ó Murchú (1992) p. 36; Oram, RD (1988) p. 7; Kapelle (1979) pp. 247–248 n. 39; Anderson (1922) p. 578, 578 n. 1. Wadden, P (2016). "Dál Riata c. 1000: Genealogies and Irish Sea Politics". Scottish Historical Review. 95 (2): 164–181. doi:10.3366/shr.2016.0294. eISSN 1750-0222. ISSN 0036-9241. McDonald, RW (2015). "Outsiders, Vikings, and Merchants: The Context Dependency of the Gall-Ghàidheil in Medieval Ireland and Scotland". Journal of the Australian Early Medieval Association. 11: 67–86. doi:10.35253/JAEMA.2015.1.4. ISSN 1449-9320. McGuigan, N (2015). Neither Scotland nor England: Middle Britain, c.850–1150 (PhD thesis). University of St Andrews. hdl:10023/7829. Etchingham, C (2014). "Names for the Vikings in Irish Annals". In Sigurðsson, JV; Bolton, T (eds.). Celtic-Norse Relationships in the Irish Sea in the Middle Ages, 800–1200. The Northern World: North Europe and the Baltic c. 400–1700 AD. Peoples, Economics and Cultures. Leiden: Brill. pp. 23–38. ISBN 978-90-04-25512-8. ISSN 1569-1462. Charles-Edwards, TM (2013). Wales and the Britons, 350–1064. The History of Wales. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-821731-2. Walker, IW (2013) [2006]. Lords of Alba: The Making of Scotland (EPUB). Brimscombe Port: The History Press. ISBN 978-0-7524-9519-4. "The Annals of Ulster". Corpus of Electronic Texts (15 August 2012 ed.). University College Cork. 2012. Retrieved 11 October 2015. "The Annals of Tigernach". Corpus of Electronic Texts (2 November 2010 ed.). University College Cork. 2010. Retrieved 12 October 2015. Bolton, T (2009). The Empire of Cnut the Great: Conquest and the Consolidation of Power in Northern Europe in the Early Eleventh Century. The Northern World: North Europe and the Baltic c. 400–1700 AD. Peoples, Economics and Cultures. Leiden: Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-16670-7. ISSN 1569-1462. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help) Jennings, A; Kruse, A (2009). "From Dál Riata to the Gall-Ghàidheil". Viking and Medieval Scandinavia. 5: 123–149. doi:10.1484/J.VMS.1.100676. hdl:20.500.11820/762e78fe-2a9c-43cf-8173-8300892b31cb. ISSN 1782-7183. "Annals of Loch Cé". Corpus of Electronic Texts (5 September 2008 ed.). University College Cork. 2008. Retrieved 14 October 2015. Clancy, TO (2008). "The Gall-Ghàidheil and Galloway" (PDF). The Journal of Scottish Name Studies. 2: 19–51. ISSN 2054-9385. "The Annals of Ulster". Corpus of Electronic Texts (29 August 2008 ed.). University College Cork. 2008. Retrieved 11 October 2015. Downham, C (2007). Viking Kings of Britain and Ireland: The Dynasty of Ívarr to A.D. 1014. Edinburgh: Dunedin Academic Press. ISBN 978-1-903765-89-0. Woolf, A (2007). From Pictland to Alba, 789–1070. The New Edinburgh History of Scotland. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 978-0-7486-1233-8. "Annals of Loch Cé". Corpus of Electronic Texts (13 April 2005 ed.). University College Cork. 2005. Retrieved 14 October 2015. "Annals of Tigernach". Corpus of Electronic Texts (13 April 2005 ed.). University College Cork. 2005. Retrieved 12 October 2015. Hudson, BT (2005). Viking Pirates and Christian Princes: Dynasty, Religion, and Empire in the North Atlantic. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-516237-0. Broun, D (2004d). "The Welsh Identity of the Kingdom of Strathclyde c.900–c.1200". The Innes Review. 55 (2): 111–180. doi:10.3366/inr.2004.55.2.111. eISSN 1745-5219. ISSN 0020-157X. MacQueen, HL (2003). "Survival and Success: The Kennedys of Dunure". In Boardman, S; Ross, A (eds.). The Exercise of Power in Medieval Scotland, 1200–1500. Dublin: Four Courts Press. pp. 67–94. Oram, RD (2000). The Lordship of Galloway. Edinburgh: John Donald. ISBN 0-85976-541-5. Hudson, BT (1994). Kings of Celtic Scotland. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. ISBN 0-313-29087-3. ISSN 0885-9159. Archived from the original on 23 June 2019. Retrieved 17 August 2019. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help) Jennings, A (1994). Historical Study of the Gael and Norse in Western Scotland From c.795 to c.1000 (PhD thesis). University of Edinburgh. hdl:1842/15749. Ó Murchadha, D (1992–1993). "Nationality Names in the Irish Annals" (PDF). Nomina. 16: 49–70. ISSN 0141-6340. Ó Murchú, M (1992). "The Irish Language". In Price, G (ed.). The Celtic Connection. The Princess Grace Irish Library. Gerrards Cross: Colin Smythe. pp. 30–64. ISBN 0-86140-248-0. Oram, RD (1988). The Lordship of Galloway, c. 1000 to c. 1250 (PhD thesis). University of St Andrews. hdl:10023/2638. Kapelle, WE (1979). The Norman Conquest of the North: The Region and its Transformation, 1000–1135. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 0-8078-1371-0.
Wadden (2016) pp. 180–181; McGuigan (2015) pp. 163, 171; Clarkson (2014) ch. 9; Walker (2013) ch. 5; Bolton (2009) p. 142; Clancy (2008) p. 37; Hudson (2005) p. 133; Moody; Martin; Byrne (2005) p. 466 n. 1; Woolf (2004) p. 100; Hudson (1994) pp. 117–118, 158; Ó Murchadha (1992–1993) p. 66; Kapelle (1979) pp. 38–39, 40 tab. 3, 41, 247–248 n. 39. Wadden, P (2016). "Dál Riata c. 1000: Genealogies and Irish Sea Politics". Scottish Historical Review. 95 (2): 164–181. doi:10.3366/shr.2016.0294. eISSN 1750-0222. ISSN 0036-9241. McGuigan, N (2015). Neither Scotland nor England: Middle Britain, c.850–1150 (PhD thesis). University of St Andrews. hdl:10023/7829. Clarkson, T (2014). Strathclyde and the Anglo-Saxons in the Viking Age (EPUB). Edinburgh: John Donald. ISBN 978-1-907909-25-2. Walker, IW (2013) [2006]. Lords of Alba: The Making of Scotland (EPUB). Brimscombe Port: The History Press. ISBN 978-0-7524-9519-4. Bolton, T (2009). The Empire of Cnut the Great: Conquest and the Consolidation of Power in Northern Europe in the Early Eleventh Century. The Northern World: North Europe and the Baltic c. 400–1700 AD. Peoples, Economics and Cultures. Leiden: Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-16670-7. ISSN 1569-1462. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help) Clancy, TO (2008). "The Gall-Ghàidheil and Galloway" (PDF). The Journal of Scottish Name Studies. 2: 19–51. ISSN 2054-9385. Hudson, BT (2005). Viking Pirates and Christian Princes: Dynasty, Religion, and Empire in the North Atlantic. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-516237-0. Moody, TW; Martin, FX; Byrne, FJ, eds. (2005). Maps, Genealogies, Lists: A Companion to Irish History. New History of Ireland. Oxford: Clarendon Press. ISBN 9780198217459. Woolf, A (2004). "The Age of Sea-Kings, 900–1300". In Omand, D (ed.). The Argyll Book. Edinburgh: Birlinn. pp. 94–109. ISBN 1-84158-253-0. Hudson, BT (1994). Kings of Celtic Scotland. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. ISBN 0-313-29087-3. ISSN 0885-9159. Archived from the original on 23 June 2019. Retrieved 17 August 2019. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help) Ó Murchadha, D (1992–1993). "Nationality Names in the Irish Annals" (PDF). Nomina. 16: 49–70. ISSN 0141-6340. Kapelle, WE (1979). The Norman Conquest of the North: The Region and its Transformation, 1000–1135. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 0-8078-1371-0.
Hudson (2005) p. 133; Hudson (1994) p. 158; Raine (1864) p. 178. Hudson, BT (2005). Viking Pirates and Christian Princes: Dynasty, Religion, and Empire in the North Atlantic. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-516237-0. Hudson, BT (1994). Kings of Celtic Scotland. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. ISBN 0-313-29087-3. ISSN 0885-9159. Archived from the original on 23 June 2019. Retrieved 17 August 2019. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help) Raine, J, ed. (1864). The Priory of Hexham. Publications of the Surtees Society. Vol. 1. Durham: Andrews and Co.
Broun (2015a); Charles-Edwards (2013) p. 571; Oram, RD (2011) ch. 5; Bolton (2009) p. 142; Hudson (2005) p. 133; Oram, R (2001); Hudson (1994) pp. 115–117. Broun, D (2015a) [1997]. "Malcolm II". In Crowcroft, R; Cannon, J (eds.). The Oxford Companion to British History (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acref/9780199677832.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-967783-2 – via Oxford Reference. Charles-Edwards, TM (2013). Wales and the Britons, 350–1064. The History of Wales. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-821731-2. Oram, RD (2011) [2001]. The Kings & Queens of Scotland. Brimscombe Port: The History Press. ISBN 978-0-7524-7099-3. Bolton, T (2009). The Empire of Cnut the Great: Conquest and the Consolidation of Power in Northern Europe in the Early Eleventh Century. The Northern World: North Europe and the Baltic c. 400–1700 AD. Peoples, Economics and Cultures. Leiden: Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-16670-7. ISSN 1569-1462. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help) Hudson, BT (2005). Viking Pirates and Christian Princes: Dynasty, Religion, and Empire in the North Atlantic. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-516237-0. Oram, R (2001). "Borders: 1. to 1603". In Lynch, M (ed.). The Oxford Companion to Scottish History. Oxford Companions. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 42–43. ISBN 0-19-211696-7. Hudson, BT (1994). Kings of Celtic Scotland. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. ISBN 0-313-29087-3. ISSN 0885-9159. Archived from the original on 23 June 2019. Retrieved 17 August 2019. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help)
Oram, RD (2011) ch. 5; Bolton (2009) p. 142; Hudson (2005) pp. 75, 133; Broun (2004c); Hudson (1994) p. 117. Oram, RD (2011) [2001]. The Kings & Queens of Scotland. Brimscombe Port: The History Press. ISBN 978-0-7524-7099-3. Bolton, T (2009). The Empire of Cnut the Great: Conquest and the Consolidation of Power in Northern Europe in the Early Eleventh Century. The Northern World: North Europe and the Baltic c. 400–1700 AD. Peoples, Economics and Cultures. Leiden: Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-16670-7. ISSN 1569-1462. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help) Hudson, BT (2005). Viking Pirates and Christian Princes: Dynasty, Religion, and Empire in the North Atlantic. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-516237-0. Broun, D (2004c). "Malcolm II (d. 1034)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/17858. Retrieved 24 October 2011. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.) Hudson, BT (1994). Kings of Celtic Scotland. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. ISBN 0-313-29087-3. ISSN 0885-9159. Archived from the original on 23 June 2019. Retrieved 17 August 2019. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help)
Bolton (2009) p. 142; Hudson (2005) p. 75; Hudson (1994) pp. 117–118. Bolton, T (2009). The Empire of Cnut the Great: Conquest and the Consolidation of Power in Northern Europe in the Early Eleventh Century. The Northern World: North Europe and the Baltic c. 400–1700 AD. Peoples, Economics and Cultures. Leiden: Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-16670-7. ISSN 1569-1462. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help) Hudson, BT (2005). Viking Pirates and Christian Princes: Dynasty, Religion, and Empire in the North Atlantic. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-516237-0. Hudson, BT (1994). Kings of Celtic Scotland. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. ISBN 0-313-29087-3. ISSN 0885-9159. Archived from the original on 23 June 2019. Retrieved 17 August 2019. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help)
Hudson (1994) p. 117. Hudson, BT (1994). Kings of Celtic Scotland. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. ISBN 0-313-29087-3. ISSN 0885-9159. Archived from the original on 23 June 2019. Retrieved 17 August 2019. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help)

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Clarkson (2014); Hudson (2005); Hudson (1994). Clarkson, T (2014). Strathclyde and the Anglo-Saxons in the Viking Age (EPUB). Edinburgh: John Donald. ISBN 978-1-907909-25-2. Hudson, BT (2005). Viking Pirates and Christian Princes: Dynasty, Religion, and Empire in the North Atlantic. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-516237-0. Hudson, BT (1994). Kings of Celtic Scotland. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. ISBN 0-313-29087-3. ISSN 0885-9159. Archived from the original on 23 June 2019. Retrieved 17 August 2019. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help)
Wadden (2016); Clancy (2008); Downham (2007); Broun (2004d); Woolf (2004); MacQueen (2003). Wadden, P (2016). "Dál Riata c. 1000: Genealogies and Irish Sea Politics". Scottish Historical Review. 95 (2): 164–181. doi:10.3366/shr.2016.0294. eISSN 1750-0222. ISSN 0036-9241. Clancy, TO (2008). "The Gall-Ghàidheil and Galloway" (PDF). The Journal of Scottish Name Studies. 2: 19–51. ISSN 2054-9385. Downham, C (2007). Viking Kings of Britain and Ireland: The Dynasty of Ívarr to A.D. 1014. Edinburgh: Dunedin Academic Press. ISBN 978-1-903765-89-0. Broun, D (2004d). "The Welsh Identity of the Kingdom of Strathclyde c.900–c.1200". The Innes Review. 55 (2): 111–180. doi:10.3366/inr.2004.55.2.111. eISSN 1745-5219. ISSN 0020-157X. Woolf, A (2004). "The Age of Sea-Kings, 900–1300". In Omand, D (ed.). The Argyll Book. Edinburgh: Birlinn. pp. 94–109. ISBN 1-84158-253-0. MacQueen, HL (2003). "Survival and Success: The Kennedys of Dunure". In Boardman, S; Ross, A (eds.). The Exercise of Power in Medieval Scotland, 1200–1500. Dublin: Four Courts Press. pp. 67–94.
McGuigan (2015); Bolton (2009); Moody; Martin; Byrne (2005); Jennings, A (1994). McGuigan, N (2015). Neither Scotland nor England: Middle Britain, c.850–1150 (PhD thesis). University of St Andrews. hdl:10023/7829. Bolton, T (2009). The Empire of Cnut the Great: Conquest and the Consolidation of Power in Northern Europe in the Early Eleventh Century. The Northern World: North Europe and the Baltic c. 400–1700 AD. Peoples, Economics and Cultures. Leiden: Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-16670-7. ISSN 1569-1462. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help) Moody, TW; Martin, FX; Byrne, FJ, eds. (2005). Maps, Genealogies, Lists: A Companion to Irish History. New History of Ireland. Oxford: Clarendon Press. ISBN 9780198217459. Jennings, A (1994). Historical Study of the Gael and Norse in Western Scotland From c.795 to c.1000 (PhD thesis). University of Edinburgh. hdl:1842/15749.
Bolton (2009). Bolton, T (2009). The Empire of Cnut the Great: Conquest and the Consolidation of Power in Northern Europe in the Early Eleventh Century. The Northern World: North Europe and the Baltic c. 400–1700 AD. Peoples, Economics and Cultures. Leiden: Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-16670-7. ISSN 1569-1462. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help)
Wadden (2016) p. 180; McDonald (2015) p. 73; McGuigan (2015) p. 163; Etchingham (2014) p. 27; Charles-Edwards (2013) p. 573; Walker (2013) ch. 5; The Annals of Ulster (2012) § 1034.10; The Annals of Tigernach (2010) § 1034.3; Bolton (2009) p. 142; Jennings; Kruse (2009) p. 125; Annals of Loch Cé (2008) § 1034.8; Clancy (2008) pp. 25, 36; The Annals of Ulster (2008) § 1034.10; Downham (2007) p. 171; Woolf (2007) p. 253; Annals of Loch Cé (2005) § 1034.8; Annals of Tigernach (2005) § 1034.3; Hudson (2005) p. 133; Broun (2004d) p. 136; MacQueen (2003) p. 69 n. 8; Oram, RD (2000) p. 7; Hudson (1994) p. 117; Jennings, A (1994) p. 143; Ó Murchadha (1992–1993) p. 66; Ó Murchú (1992) p. 36; Oram, RD (1988) p. 7; Kapelle (1979) pp. 247–248 n. 39; Anderson (1922) p. 578, 578 n. 1. Wadden, P (2016). "Dál Riata c. 1000: Genealogies and Irish Sea Politics". Scottish Historical Review. 95 (2): 164–181. doi:10.3366/shr.2016.0294. eISSN 1750-0222. ISSN 0036-9241. McDonald, RW (2015). "Outsiders, Vikings, and Merchants: The Context Dependency of the Gall-Ghàidheil in Medieval Ireland and Scotland". Journal of the Australian Early Medieval Association. 11: 67–86. doi:10.35253/JAEMA.2015.1.4. ISSN 1449-9320. McGuigan, N (2015). Neither Scotland nor England: Middle Britain, c.850–1150 (PhD thesis). University of St Andrews. hdl:10023/7829. Etchingham, C (2014). "Names for the Vikings in Irish Annals". In Sigurðsson, JV; Bolton, T (eds.). Celtic-Norse Relationships in the Irish Sea in the Middle Ages, 800–1200. The Northern World: North Europe and the Baltic c. 400–1700 AD. Peoples, Economics and Cultures. Leiden: Brill. pp. 23–38. ISBN 978-90-04-25512-8. ISSN 1569-1462. Charles-Edwards, TM (2013). Wales and the Britons, 350–1064. The History of Wales. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-821731-2. Walker, IW (2013) [2006]. Lords of Alba: The Making of Scotland (EPUB). Brimscombe Port: The History Press. ISBN 978-0-7524-9519-4. "The Annals of Ulster". Corpus of Electronic Texts (15 August 2012 ed.). University College Cork. 2012. Retrieved 11 October 2015. "The Annals of Tigernach". Corpus of Electronic Texts (2 November 2010 ed.). University College Cork. 2010. Retrieved 12 October 2015. Bolton, T (2009). The Empire of Cnut the Great: Conquest and the Consolidation of Power in Northern Europe in the Early Eleventh Century. The Northern World: North Europe and the Baltic c. 400–1700 AD. Peoples, Economics and Cultures. Leiden: Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-16670-7. ISSN 1569-1462. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help) Jennings, A; Kruse, A (2009). "From Dál Riata to the Gall-Ghàidheil". Viking and Medieval Scandinavia. 5: 123–149. doi:10.1484/J.VMS.1.100676. hdl:20.500.11820/762e78fe-2a9c-43cf-8173-8300892b31cb. ISSN 1782-7183. "Annals of Loch Cé". Corpus of Electronic Texts (5 September 2008 ed.). University College Cork. 2008. Retrieved 14 October 2015. Clancy, TO (2008). "The Gall-Ghàidheil and Galloway" (PDF). The Journal of Scottish Name Studies. 2: 19–51. ISSN 2054-9385. "The Annals of Ulster". Corpus of Electronic Texts (29 August 2008 ed.). University College Cork. 2008. Retrieved 11 October 2015. Downham, C (2007). Viking Kings of Britain and Ireland: The Dynasty of Ívarr to A.D. 1014. Edinburgh: Dunedin Academic Press. ISBN 978-1-903765-89-0. Woolf, A (2007). From Pictland to Alba, 789–1070. The New Edinburgh History of Scotland. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 978-0-7486-1233-8. "Annals of Loch Cé". Corpus of Electronic Texts (13 April 2005 ed.). University College Cork. 2005. Retrieved 14 October 2015. "Annals of Tigernach". Corpus of Electronic Texts (13 April 2005 ed.). University College Cork. 2005. Retrieved 12 October 2015. Hudson, BT (2005). Viking Pirates and Christian Princes: Dynasty, Religion, and Empire in the North Atlantic. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-516237-0. Broun, D (2004d). "The Welsh Identity of the Kingdom of Strathclyde c.900–c.1200". The Innes Review. 55 (2): 111–180. doi:10.3366/inr.2004.55.2.111. eISSN 1745-5219. ISSN 0020-157X. MacQueen, HL (2003). "Survival and Success: The Kennedys of Dunure". In Boardman, S; Ross, A (eds.). The Exercise of Power in Medieval Scotland, 1200–1500. Dublin: Four Courts Press. pp. 67–94. Oram, RD (2000). The Lordship of Galloway. Edinburgh: John Donald. ISBN 0-85976-541-5. Hudson, BT (1994). Kings of Celtic Scotland. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. ISBN 0-313-29087-3. ISSN 0885-9159. Archived from the original on 23 June 2019. Retrieved 17 August 2019. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help) Jennings, A (1994). Historical Study of the Gael and Norse in Western Scotland From c.795 to c.1000 (PhD thesis). University of Edinburgh. hdl:1842/15749. Ó Murchadha, D (1992–1993). "Nationality Names in the Irish Annals" (PDF). Nomina. 16: 49–70. ISSN 0141-6340. Ó Murchú, M (1992). "The Irish Language". In Price, G (ed.). The Celtic Connection. The Princess Grace Irish Library. Gerrards Cross: Colin Smythe. pp. 30–64. ISBN 0-86140-248-0. Oram, RD (1988). The Lordship of Galloway, c. 1000 to c. 1250 (PhD thesis). University of St Andrews. hdl:10023/2638. Kapelle, WE (1979). The Norman Conquest of the North: The Region and its Transformation, 1000–1135. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 0-8078-1371-0.
Etchingham (2014) p. 27; Clarkson (2010) ch. 9; Forte; Oram; Pedersen (2005) p. 96; Oram, RD (2000) p. 7; Jennings, A (1994) p. 146; Smyth (1989) p. 213. Etchingham, C (2014). "Names for the Vikings in Irish Annals". In Sigurðsson, JV; Bolton, T (eds.). Celtic-Norse Relationships in the Irish Sea in the Middle Ages, 800–1200. The Northern World: North Europe and the Baltic c. 400–1700 AD. Peoples, Economics and Cultures. Leiden: Brill. pp. 23–38. ISBN 978-90-04-25512-8. ISSN 1569-1462. Clarkson, T (2010). The Men of the North: The Britons and Southern Scotland (EPUB). Edinburgh: John Donald. ISBN 978-1-907909-02-3. Oram, RD (2000). The Lordship of Galloway. Edinburgh: John Donald. ISBN 0-85976-541-5. Jennings, A (1994). Historical Study of the Gael and Norse in Western Scotland From c.795 to c.1000 (PhD thesis). University of Edinburgh. hdl:1842/15749. Smyth, AP (1989) [1984]. Warlords and Holy Men: Scotland, AD 80–1000. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 0-7486-0100-7.
Jennings, AP (2001); Jennings, A (1996) p. 68; Jennings, A (1994) pp. 86–87. Jennings, AP (2001). "Galloway, Origins of". In Lynch, M (ed.). The Oxford Companion to Scottish History. Oxford Companions. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 257–258. ISBN 0-19-211696-7. Jennings, A (1996). "Historical and Linguistic Evidence for Gall-Gaidheil and Norse in Western Scotland". In Ureland, PS; Clarkson, I (eds.). Language Contact Across the North Atlantic. Tübingen: Max Niemeyer Verlag. pp. 61–74. doi:10.1515/9783110929652.61. ISBN 3-484-30359-X. ISSN 0344-6727. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help) Jennings, A (1994). Historical Study of the Gael and Norse in Western Scotland From c.795 to c.1000 (PhD thesis). University of Edinburgh. hdl:1842/15749.
Jennings, A (2015); Jennings; Kruse (2009) pp. 123–124, 144; Jennings, AP (2001); Jennings, A (1998) p. 46; Jennings, A (1996) p. 66; Jennings, A (1994) pp. 78–79. Jennings, A (2015) [1997]. "Isles, Kingdom of the". In Crowcroft, R; Cannon, J (eds.). The Oxford Companion to British History (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acref/9780199677832.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-967783-2 – via Oxford Reference. Jennings, A; Kruse, A (2009). "From Dál Riata to the Gall-Ghàidheil". Viking and Medieval Scandinavia. 5: 123–149. doi:10.1484/J.VMS.1.100676. hdl:20.500.11820/762e78fe-2a9c-43cf-8173-8300892b31cb. ISSN 1782-7183. Jennings, AP (2001). "Galloway, Origins of". In Lynch, M (ed.). The Oxford Companion to Scottish History. Oxford Companions. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 257–258. ISBN 0-19-211696-7. Jennings, A (1998). "Iona and the Vikings: Survival and Continuity" (PDF). Northern Studies. 33: 37–54. ISSN 0305-506X. Jennings, A (1996). "Historical and Linguistic Evidence for Gall-Gaidheil and Norse in Western Scotland". In Ureland, PS; Clarkson, I (eds.). Language Contact Across the North Atlantic. Tübingen: Max Niemeyer Verlag. pp. 61–74. doi:10.1515/9783110929652.61. ISBN 3-484-30359-X. ISSN 0344-6727. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help) Jennings, A (1994). Historical Study of the Gael and Norse in Western Scotland From c.795 to c.1000 (PhD thesis). University of Edinburgh. hdl:1842/15749.
Jennings; Kruse (2009) p. 144; Woolf (2007) p. 100 n. 24. Jennings, A; Kruse, A (2009). "From Dál Riata to the Gall-Ghàidheil". Viking and Medieval Scandinavia. 5: 123–149. doi:10.1484/J.VMS.1.100676. hdl:20.500.11820/762e78fe-2a9c-43cf-8173-8300892b31cb. ISSN 1782-7183. Woolf, A (2007). From Pictland to Alba, 789–1070. The New Edinburgh History of Scotland. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 978-0-7486-1233-8.
Jennings, A (2015); Jennings; Kruse (2009); Jennings, A (1996); Jennings, A (1994) p. 78. Jennings, A (2015) [1997]. "Isles, Kingdom of the". In Crowcroft, R; Cannon, J (eds.). The Oxford Companion to British History (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acref/9780199677832.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-967783-2 – via Oxford Reference. Jennings, A; Kruse, A (2009). "From Dál Riata to the Gall-Ghàidheil". Viking and Medieval Scandinavia. 5: 123–149. doi:10.1484/J.VMS.1.100676. hdl:20.500.11820/762e78fe-2a9c-43cf-8173-8300892b31cb. ISSN 1782-7183. Jennings, A (1996). "Historical and Linguistic Evidence for Gall-Gaidheil and Norse in Western Scotland". In Ureland, PS; Clarkson, I (eds.). Language Contact Across the North Atlantic. Tübingen: Max Niemeyer Verlag. pp. 61–74. doi:10.1515/9783110929652.61. ISBN 3-484-30359-X. ISSN 0344-6727. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help) Jennings, A (1994). Historical Study of the Gael and Norse in Western Scotland From c.795 to c.1000 (PhD thesis). University of Edinburgh. hdl:1842/15749.
Jennings; Kruse (2009) pp. 126, 132–133; Jennings, AP (2001); Jennings, A (1996) p. 67; Jennings, A (1994) pp. 83, 180. Jennings, A; Kruse, A (2009). "From Dál Riata to the Gall-Ghàidheil". Viking and Medieval Scandinavia. 5: 123–149. doi:10.1484/J.VMS.1.100676. hdl:20.500.11820/762e78fe-2a9c-43cf-8173-8300892b31cb. ISSN 1782-7183. Jennings, AP (2001). "Galloway, Origins of". In Lynch, M (ed.). The Oxford Companion to Scottish History. Oxford Companions. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 257–258. ISBN 0-19-211696-7. Jennings, A (1996). "Historical and Linguistic Evidence for Gall-Gaidheil and Norse in Western Scotland". In Ureland, PS; Clarkson, I (eds.). Language Contact Across the North Atlantic. Tübingen: Max Niemeyer Verlag. pp. 61–74. doi:10.1515/9783110929652.61. ISBN 3-484-30359-X. ISSN 0344-6727. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help) Jennings, A (1994). Historical Study of the Gael and Norse in Western Scotland From c.795 to c.1000 (PhD thesis). University of Edinburgh. hdl:1842/15749.
Jennings; Kruse (2009) pp. 126–128, 131–133; Jennings, AP (2001); Jennings, A (1996) p. 67; Jennings, A (1994) pp. 83–85, 114, 141, 180. Jennings, A; Kruse, A (2009). "From Dál Riata to the Gall-Ghàidheil". Viking and Medieval Scandinavia. 5: 123–149. doi:10.1484/J.VMS.1.100676. hdl:20.500.11820/762e78fe-2a9c-43cf-8173-8300892b31cb. ISSN 1782-7183. Jennings, AP (2001). "Galloway, Origins of". In Lynch, M (ed.). The Oxford Companion to Scottish History. Oxford Companions. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 257–258. ISBN 0-19-211696-7. Jennings, A (1996). "Historical and Linguistic Evidence for Gall-Gaidheil and Norse in Western Scotland". In Ureland, PS; Clarkson, I (eds.). Language Contact Across the North Atlantic. Tübingen: Max Niemeyer Verlag. pp. 61–74. doi:10.1515/9783110929652.61. ISBN 3-484-30359-X. ISSN 0344-6727. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help) Jennings, A (1994). Historical Study of the Gael and Norse in Western Scotland From c.795 to c.1000 (PhD thesis). University of Edinburgh. hdl:1842/15749.
Jennings, A (2015); Jennings; Kruse (2009). Jennings, A (2015) [1997]. "Isles, Kingdom of the". In Crowcroft, R; Cannon, J (eds.). The Oxford Companion to British History (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acref/9780199677832.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-967783-2 – via Oxford Reference. Jennings, A; Kruse, A (2009). "From Dál Riata to the Gall-Ghàidheil". Viking and Medieval Scandinavia. 5: 123–149. doi:10.1484/J.VMS.1.100676. hdl:20.500.11820/762e78fe-2a9c-43cf-8173-8300892b31cb. ISSN 1782-7183.
Grant (2011). Grant, A (2011). "Gaelic Place-Names: Gall". The Bottle Imp. 10. ISSN 1754-1514.
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McGuigan (2015) p. 107; Charles-Edwards (2013) pp. 573–575, 573 n. 108; Flanagan (2010) p. 231 n. 196; Clancy (2008) p. 28; Downham (2007) p. 171; Duffy (2006) pp. 56–57; Forte; Oram; Pedersen (2005) p. 229; Hudson (2005) pp. 129, 138; Duffy (2002) pp. 53–54; Etchingham (2001) p. 160; Oram, RD (2000) p. 17; Duffy (1992) pp. 98–99. McGuigan, N (2015). Neither Scotland nor England: Middle Britain, c.850–1150 (PhD thesis). University of St Andrews. hdl:10023/7829. Charles-Edwards, TM (2013). Wales and the Britons, 350–1064. The History of Wales. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-821731-2. Flanagan, MT (2010). The Transformation of the Irish Church in the Twelfth and Thirteenth Centuries. Studies in Celtic History. Woodbridge: The Boydell Press. ISBN 978-1-84383-597-4. ISSN 0261-9865. Clancy, TO (2008). "The Gall-Ghàidheil and Galloway" (PDF). The Journal of Scottish Name Studies. 2: 19–51. ISSN 2054-9385. Downham, C (2007). Viking Kings of Britain and Ireland: The Dynasty of Ívarr to A.D. 1014. Edinburgh: Dunedin Academic Press. ISBN 978-1-903765-89-0. Duffy, S (2006). "The Royal Dynasties of Dublin and the Isles in the Eleventh Century". In Duffy, S (ed.). Medieval Dublin. Vol. 7. Dublin: Four Courts Press. pp. 51–65. ISBN 1-85182-974-1. Hudson, BT (2005). Viking Pirates and Christian Princes: Dynasty, Religion, and Empire in the North Atlantic. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-516237-0. Duffy, S (2002). "Emerging from the Mist: Ireland and Man in the Eleventh Century" (PDF). In Davey, P; Finlayson, D; Thomlinson, P (eds.). Mannin Revisited: Twelve Essays on Manx Culture and Environment. Edinburgh: The Scottish Society for Northern Studies. pp. 53–61. ISBN 0-9535226-2-8. Etchingham, C (2001). "North Wales, Ireland and the Isles: the Insular Viking Zone". Peritia. 15: 145–187. doi:10.1484/J.Peri.3.434. eISSN 2034-6506. ISSN 0332-1592. Oram, RD (2000). The Lordship of Galloway. Edinburgh: John Donald. ISBN 0-85976-541-5. Duffy, S (1992). "Irishmen and Islesmen in the Kingdoms of Dublin and Man, 1052–1171". Ériu. 43: 93–133. eISSN 2009-0056. ISSN 0332-0758. JSTOR 30007421.
Flanagan (2010) p. 231 n. 196; Duffy (2006) pp. 56–57. Flanagan, MT (2010). The Transformation of the Irish Church in the Twelfth and Thirteenth Centuries. Studies in Celtic History. Woodbridge: The Boydell Press. ISBN 978-1-84383-597-4. ISSN 0261-9865. Duffy, S (2006). "The Royal Dynasties of Dublin and the Isles in the Eleventh Century". In Duffy, S (ed.). Medieval Dublin. Vol. 7. Dublin: Four Courts Press. pp. 51–65. ISBN 1-85182-974-1.
Clarkson (2014) ch. 8; Charles-Edwards (2013) p. 574; Walker (2013) ch. 5; Oram, RD (2011) ch. 5; Bolton (2009) p. 142; Clancy (2008) p. 29; Downham (2007) p. 171; Woolf (2007) pp. 244–248; Hudson (2005) pp. 75, 132–133; Broun (2004d) p. 137 n. 112; Hudson (1996) pp. 222–223. Clarkson, T (2014). Strathclyde and the Anglo-Saxons in the Viking Age (EPUB). Edinburgh: John Donald. ISBN 978-1-907909-25-2. Charles-Edwards, TM (2013). Wales and the Britons, 350–1064. The History of Wales. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-821731-2. Walker, IW (2013) [2006]. Lords of Alba: The Making of Scotland (EPUB). Brimscombe Port: The History Press. ISBN 978-0-7524-9519-4. Oram, RD (2011) [2001]. The Kings & Queens of Scotland. Brimscombe Port: The History Press. ISBN 978-0-7524-7099-3. Bolton, T (2009). The Empire of Cnut the Great: Conquest and the Consolidation of Power in Northern Europe in the Early Eleventh Century. The Northern World: North Europe and the Baltic c. 400–1700 AD. Peoples, Economics and Cultures. Leiden: Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-16670-7. ISSN 1569-1462. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help) Clancy, TO (2008). "The Gall-Ghàidheil and Galloway" (PDF). The Journal of Scottish Name Studies. 2: 19–51. ISSN 2054-9385. Downham, C (2007). Viking Kings of Britain and Ireland: The Dynasty of Ívarr to A.D. 1014. Edinburgh: Dunedin Academic Press. ISBN 978-1-903765-89-0. Woolf, A (2007). From Pictland to Alba, 789–1070. The New Edinburgh History of Scotland. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 978-0-7486-1233-8. Hudson, BT (2005). Viking Pirates and Christian Princes: Dynasty, Religion, and Empire in the North Atlantic. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-516237-0. Broun, D (2004d). "The Welsh Identity of the Kingdom of Strathclyde c.900–c.1200". The Innes Review. 55 (2): 111–180. doi:10.3366/inr.2004.55.2.111. eISSN 1745-5219. ISSN 0020-157X. Hudson, BT (1996). Prophecy of Berchán: Irish and Scottish High-Kings of the Early Middle Ages. Contributions to the Study of World History. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. ISBN 0-313-29567-0. ISSN 0885-9159.
Bolton (2009) p. 307. Bolton, T (2009). The Empire of Cnut the Great: Conquest and the Consolidation of Power in Northern Europe in the Early Eleventh Century. The Northern World: North Europe and the Baltic c. 400–1700 AD. Peoples, Economics and Cultures. Leiden: Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-16670-7. ISSN 1569-1462. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help)
Clancy (2008) p. 30 n. 5; Jennings, AP (2001); Jennings, A (1996) p. 68; Jennings, A (1994) pp. 85–86; Anderson (1922) pp. 176–177 n. 6; Stokes (1905) pp. 175 § 10, 184 § 10, 185 § 10. Clancy, TO (2008). "The Gall-Ghàidheil and Galloway" (PDF). The Journal of Scottish Name Studies. 2: 19–51. ISSN 2054-9385. Jennings, AP (2001). "Galloway, Origins of". In Lynch, M (ed.). The Oxford Companion to Scottish History. Oxford Companions. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 257–258. ISBN 0-19-211696-7. Jennings, A (1996). "Historical and Linguistic Evidence for Gall-Gaidheil and Norse in Western Scotland". In Ureland, PS; Clarkson, I (eds.). Language Contact Across the North Atlantic. Tübingen: Max Niemeyer Verlag. pp. 61–74. doi:10.1515/9783110929652.61. ISBN 3-484-30359-X. ISSN 0344-6727. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help) Jennings, A (1994). Historical Study of the Gael and Norse in Western Scotland From c.795 to c.1000 (PhD thesis). University of Edinburgh. hdl:1842/15749. Stokes, W, ed. (1905). Félire Óengusso Céli Dé: The Martyrology of Oengus the Culdee. Publications of the Henry Bradshaw Society. London: Henry Bradshaw Society.
Charles-Edwards (2013) pp. 574–575; Clancy (2008) pp. 30–31; Jennings; Kruse (2009) p. 133; Anderson (1922) pp. 176–177 n. 6; Kelly (n.d.) p. xxxi § 10. Charles-Edwards, TM (2013). Wales and the Britons, 350–1064. The History of Wales. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-821731-2. Clancy, TO (2008). "The Gall-Ghàidheil and Galloway" (PDF). The Journal of Scottish Name Studies. 2: 19–51. ISSN 2054-9385. Jennings, A; Kruse, A (2009). "From Dál Riata to the Gall-Ghàidheil". Viking and Medieval Scandinavia. 5: 123–149. doi:10.1484/J.VMS.1.100676. hdl:20.500.11820/762e78fe-2a9c-43cf-8173-8300892b31cb. ISSN 1782-7183. Kelly, M, ed. (n.d.). Caldendar of Irish Saints: The Martyrology of Tallagh. Dublin: J. Mullany.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: year (link)
Charles-Edwards (2013) pp. 573–575; Clancy (2011) pp. 374, 386–387; Clancy (2008) p. 32. Charles-Edwards, TM (2013). Wales and the Britons, 350–1064. The History of Wales. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-821731-2. Clancy, TO (2011). "Gaelic in Medieval Scotland: Advent and Expansion: Sir John Rhys Memorial Lecture". Proceedings of the British Academy. 167. doi:10.5871/bacad/9780197264775.003.0011 – via British Academy Scholarship Online. Clancy, TO (2008). "The Gall-Ghàidheil and Galloway" (PDF). The Journal of Scottish Name Studies. 2: 19–51. ISSN 2054-9385.
Clancy, TO (2008) pp. 28, 32; Woolf (2007) pp. 245, 254; Hudson (2005) p. 138. Clancy, TO (2008). "The Gall-Ghàidheil and Galloway" (PDF). The Journal of Scottish Name Studies. 2: 19–51. ISSN 2054-9385. Woolf, A (2007). From Pictland to Alba, 789–1070. The New Edinburgh History of Scotland. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 978-0-7486-1233-8. Hudson, BT (2005). Viking Pirates and Christian Princes: Dynasty, Religion, and Empire in the North Atlantic. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-516237-0.
Forte; Oram; Pedersen (2005) p. 229; Hudson (2005) p. 83 fig. 3; Etchingham (2001) pp. 158 n. 35; Thornton (1996) p. 88; Oram, RD (2000) p. 16; Duffy (1993) pp. 232–233. Hudson, BT (2005). Viking Pirates and Christian Princes: Dynasty, Religion, and Empire in the North Atlantic. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-516237-0. Etchingham, C (2001). "North Wales, Ireland and the Isles: the Insular Viking Zone". Peritia. 15: 145–187. doi:10.1484/J.Peri.3.434. eISSN 2034-6506. ISSN 0332-1592. Thornton, DE (1996). "The Genealogy of Gruffudd ap Cynan". In Maund, KL (ed.). Gruffudd ap Cynan: A Collaborative Biography. Studies in Celtic History. Woodbridge: The Boydell Press. pp. 79–108. ISBN 0-85115-389-5. ISSN 0261-9865. Oram, RD (2000). The Lordship of Galloway. Edinburgh: John Donald. ISBN 0-85976-541-5. Duffy, S (1993). Ireland and the Irish Sea Region, 1014–1318 (PhD thesis). Trinity College, Dublin. hdl:2262/77137.
Thornton (1996) p. 88, 88 n. 37. Thornton, DE (1996). "The Genealogy of Gruffudd ap Cynan". In Maund, KL (ed.). Gruffudd ap Cynan: A Collaborative Biography. Studies in Celtic History. Woodbridge: The Boydell Press. pp. 79–108. ISBN 0-85115-389-5. ISSN 0261-9865.
Forte; Oram; Pedersen (2005) p. 229; Hudson (2005) p. 83 fig. 3; Etchingham (2001) p. 158 n. 35; Oram, RD (2000) p. 16; Thornton (1996) p. 88; Duffy (1993) pp. 232–233. Hudson, BT (2005). Viking Pirates and Christian Princes: Dynasty, Religion, and Empire in the North Atlantic. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-516237-0. Etchingham, C (2001). "North Wales, Ireland and the Isles: the Insular Viking Zone". Peritia. 15: 145–187. doi:10.1484/J.Peri.3.434. eISSN 2034-6506. ISSN 0332-1592. Oram, RD (2000). The Lordship of Galloway. Edinburgh: John Donald. ISBN 0-85976-541-5. Thornton, DE (1996). "The Genealogy of Gruffudd ap Cynan". In Maund, KL (ed.). Gruffudd ap Cynan: A Collaborative Biography. Studies in Celtic History. Woodbridge: The Boydell Press. pp. 79–108. ISBN 0-85115-389-5. ISSN 0261-9865. Duffy, S (1993). Ireland and the Irish Sea Region, 1014–1318 (PhD thesis). Trinity College, Dublin. hdl:2262/77137.
Forte; Oram; Pedersen (2005) p. 229; Hudson (2005) p. 83 fig. 3; Etchingham (2001) pp. 158 n. 35, 159, 187; Oram, RD (2000) p. 16; Thornton (1996) p. 88; Duffy (1993) p. 233. Hudson, BT (2005). Viking Pirates and Christian Princes: Dynasty, Religion, and Empire in the North Atlantic. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-516237-0. Etchingham, C (2001). "North Wales, Ireland and the Isles: the Insular Viking Zone". Peritia. 15: 145–187. doi:10.1484/J.Peri.3.434. eISSN 2034-6506. ISSN 0332-1592. Oram, RD (2000). The Lordship of Galloway. Edinburgh: John Donald. ISBN 0-85976-541-5. Thornton, DE (1996). "The Genealogy of Gruffudd ap Cynan". In Maund, KL (ed.). Gruffudd ap Cynan: A Collaborative Biography. Studies in Celtic History. Woodbridge: The Boydell Press. pp. 79–108. ISBN 0-85115-389-5. ISSN 0261-9865. Duffy, S (1993). Ireland and the Irish Sea Region, 1014–1318 (PhD thesis). Trinity College, Dublin. hdl:2262/77137.
Hudson (2005) pp. 83 fig. 3, 120–121; Etchingham (2001) p. 158 n. 35; Oram, RD (2000) p. 16; Thornton (1996) p. 88, 88 n. 36; Bartrum (1993) p. 171; Duffy (1993) pp. 232–233; Bartrum (1966) p. 136. Hudson, BT (2005). Viking Pirates and Christian Princes: Dynasty, Religion, and Empire in the North Atlantic. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-516237-0. Etchingham, C (2001). "North Wales, Ireland and the Isles: the Insular Viking Zone". Peritia. 15: 145–187. doi:10.1484/J.Peri.3.434. eISSN 2034-6506. ISSN 0332-1592. Oram, RD (2000). The Lordship of Galloway. Edinburgh: John Donald. ISBN 0-85976-541-5. Thornton, DE (1996). "The Genealogy of Gruffudd ap Cynan". In Maund, KL (ed.). Gruffudd ap Cynan: A Collaborative Biography. Studies in Celtic History. Woodbridge: The Boydell Press. pp. 79–108. ISBN 0-85115-389-5. ISSN 0261-9865. Bartrum, PC (1993). "Corrections to Early Welsh Genealogical Tracts". Bwletin y BWRDD Gwybodau Celtaidd. 40: 171–172. Duffy, S (1993). Ireland and the Irish Sea Region, 1014–1318 (PhD thesis). Trinity College, Dublin. hdl:2262/77137. Bartrum, PC (1966). Early Welsh Genealogical Tracts. Cardiff: University of Wales Press.
Williams (2012) pp. 22, 62–63; Clancy (2008) pp. 29, 32; Downham (2007) p. 198 n. 125; Forte; Oram; Pedersen (2005) p. 229; Etchingham (2001) pp. 158–159; Oram, RD (2000) p. 16; Duffy (1992) p. 99; Evans (1990) pp. 23–24, 53–55; Jones (1910) pp. 102–105. Williams, P, ed. (2012). Historical Texts From Medieval Wales. MHRA Library of Medieval Welsh Literature. London: Modern Humanities Research Association. ISBN 978-1-907322-60-0. Clancy, TO (2008). "The Gall-Ghàidheil and Galloway" (PDF). The Journal of Scottish Name Studies. 2: 19–51. ISSN 2054-9385. Downham, C (2007). Viking Kings of Britain and Ireland: The Dynasty of Ívarr to A.D. 1014. Edinburgh: Dunedin Academic Press. ISBN 978-1-903765-89-0. Etchingham, C (2001). "North Wales, Ireland and the Isles: the Insular Viking Zone". Peritia. 15: 145–187. doi:10.1484/J.Peri.3.434. eISSN 2034-6506. ISSN 0332-1592. Oram, RD (2000). The Lordship of Galloway. Edinburgh: John Donald. ISBN 0-85976-541-5. Duffy, S (1992). "Irishmen and Islesmen in the Kingdoms of Dublin and Man, 1052–1171". Ériu. 43: 93–133. eISSN 2009-0056. ISSN 0332-0758. JSTOR 30007421. Evans, DS, ed. (1990). A Mediaeval Prince of Wales: The Life of Gruffudd ap Cynan. Llanerch Enterprises. ISBN 0947992472. Jones, A, ed. (1910). The History of Gruffydd ap Cynan: The Welsh Text with Translation, Introduction, and Notes. Manchester: Sherratt & Hughes. OL 7100180M.
Clancy (2008) p. 32; Etchingham (2001) p. 160. Clancy, TO (2008). "The Gall-Ghàidheil and Galloway" (PDF). The Journal of Scottish Name Studies. 2: 19–51. ISSN 2054-9385. Etchingham, C (2001). "North Wales, Ireland and the Isles: the Insular Viking Zone". Peritia. 15: 145–187. doi:10.1484/J.Peri.3.434. eISSN 2034-6506. ISSN 0332-1592.
McGuigan (2015) pp. 107–108; Clancy (2008) p. 29. McGuigan, N (2015). Neither Scotland nor England: Middle Britain, c.850–1150 (PhD thesis). University of St Andrews. hdl:10023/7829. Clancy, TO (2008). "The Gall-Ghàidheil and Galloway" (PDF). The Journal of Scottish Name Studies. 2: 19–51. ISSN 2054-9385.
Clancy (2008) p. 32. Clancy, TO (2008). "The Gall-Ghàidheil and Galloway" (PDF). The Journal of Scottish Name Studies. 2: 19–51. ISSN 2054-9385.
Downham (2007) p. 198 n. 125; Etchingham (2001) pp. 159–161. Downham, C (2007). Viking Kings of Britain and Ireland: The Dynasty of Ívarr to A.D. 1014. Edinburgh: Dunedin Academic Press. ISBN 978-1-903765-89-0. Etchingham, C (2001). "North Wales, Ireland and the Isles: the Insular Viking Zone". Peritia. 15: 145–187. doi:10.1484/J.Peri.3.434. eISSN 2034-6506. ISSN 0332-1592.
Woolf (2000) p. 146 tab. 1. Woolf, A (2000). "The 'Moray Question' and the Kingship of Alba in the Tenth and Eleventh Centuries". Scottish Historical Review. 79 (2): 145–164. doi:10.3366/shr.2000.79.2.145. eISSN 1750-0222. ISSN 0036-9241.
Wadden (2016) pp. 180–181; McGuigan (2015) pp. 163, 171; Clarkson (2014) ch. 9; Walker (2013) ch. 5; Bolton (2009) p. 142; Clancy (2008) p. 37; Hudson (2005) p. 133; Moody; Martin; Byrne (2005) p. 466 n. 1; Woolf (2004) p. 100; Hudson (1994) pp. 117–118, 158; Ó Murchadha (1992–1993) p. 66; Kapelle (1979) pp. 38–39, 40 tab. 3, 41, 247–248 n. 39. Wadden, P (2016). "Dál Riata c. 1000: Genealogies and Irish Sea Politics". Scottish Historical Review. 95 (2): 164–181. doi:10.3366/shr.2016.0294. eISSN 1750-0222. ISSN 0036-9241. McGuigan, N (2015). Neither Scotland nor England: Middle Britain, c.850–1150 (PhD thesis). University of St Andrews. hdl:10023/7829. Clarkson, T (2014). Strathclyde and the Anglo-Saxons in the Viking Age (EPUB). Edinburgh: John Donald. ISBN 978-1-907909-25-2. Walker, IW (2013) [2006]. Lords of Alba: The Making of Scotland (EPUB). Brimscombe Port: The History Press. ISBN 978-0-7524-9519-4. Bolton, T (2009). The Empire of Cnut the Great: Conquest and the Consolidation of Power in Northern Europe in the Early Eleventh Century. The Northern World: North Europe and the Baltic c. 400–1700 AD. Peoples, Economics and Cultures. Leiden: Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-16670-7. ISSN 1569-1462. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help) Clancy, TO (2008). "The Gall-Ghàidheil and Galloway" (PDF). The Journal of Scottish Name Studies. 2: 19–51. ISSN 2054-9385. Hudson, BT (2005). Viking Pirates and Christian Princes: Dynasty, Religion, and Empire in the North Atlantic. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-516237-0. Moody, TW; Martin, FX; Byrne, FJ, eds. (2005). Maps, Genealogies, Lists: A Companion to Irish History. New History of Ireland. Oxford: Clarendon Press. ISBN 9780198217459. Woolf, A (2004). "The Age of Sea-Kings, 900–1300". In Omand, D (ed.). The Argyll Book. Edinburgh: Birlinn. pp. 94–109. ISBN 1-84158-253-0. Hudson, BT (1994). Kings of Celtic Scotland. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. ISBN 0-313-29087-3. ISSN 0885-9159. Archived from the original on 23 June 2019. Retrieved 17 August 2019. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help) Ó Murchadha, D (1992–1993). "Nationality Names in the Irish Annals" (PDF). Nomina. 16: 49–70. ISSN 0141-6340. Kapelle, WE (1979). The Norman Conquest of the North: The Region and its Transformation, 1000–1135. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 0-8078-1371-0.
Wadden (2016) pp. 180–181; Hudson (2005) p. 133; Woolf (2004) p. 100. Wadden, P (2016). "Dál Riata c. 1000: Genealogies and Irish Sea Politics". Scottish Historical Review. 95 (2): 164–181. doi:10.3366/shr.2016.0294. eISSN 1750-0222. ISSN 0036-9241. Hudson, BT (2005). Viking Pirates and Christian Princes: Dynasty, Religion, and Empire in the North Atlantic. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-516237-0. Woolf, A (2004). "The Age of Sea-Kings, 900–1300". In Omand, D (ed.). The Argyll Book. Edinburgh: Birlinn. pp. 94–109. ISBN 1-84158-253-0.
Woolf (2007) pp. 253–254; Jennings, A (1994) pp. 143–144; Sellar (1971) p. 27. Woolf, A (2007). From Pictland to Alba, 789–1070. The New Edinburgh History of Scotland. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 978-0-7486-1233-8. Jennings, A (1994). Historical Study of the Gael and Norse in Western Scotland From c.795 to c.1000 (PhD thesis). University of Edinburgh. hdl:1842/15749. Sellar, WDH (1971). "Family Origins in Cowal and Knapdale". Scottish Studies: The Journal of the School of Scottish Studies, University of Edinburgh. 15: 21–37. ISSN 0036-9411.
Wadden (2016) p. 180; McGuigan (2015) p. 171; Clancy (2008) p. 37; Woolf (2007) pp. 225–226, 253; Hudson (2005) p. 133; Woolf (2004) p. 100; Hudson (1996) pp. 52 § 183, 90 § 183, 221; Anderson (1930) p. 51 § 181; Skene (1867) p. 99. Wadden, P (2016). "Dál Riata c. 1000: Genealogies and Irish Sea Politics". Scottish Historical Review. 95 (2): 164–181. doi:10.3366/shr.2016.0294. eISSN 1750-0222. ISSN 0036-9241. McGuigan, N (2015). Neither Scotland nor England: Middle Britain, c.850–1150 (PhD thesis). University of St Andrews. hdl:10023/7829. Clancy, TO (2008). "The Gall-Ghàidheil and Galloway" (PDF). The Journal of Scottish Name Studies. 2: 19–51. ISSN 2054-9385. Woolf, A (2007). From Pictland to Alba, 789–1070. The New Edinburgh History of Scotland. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 978-0-7486-1233-8. Hudson, BT (2005). Viking Pirates and Christian Princes: Dynasty, Religion, and Empire in the North Atlantic. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-516237-0. Woolf, A (2004). "The Age of Sea-Kings, 900–1300". In Omand, D (ed.). The Argyll Book. Edinburgh: Birlinn. pp. 94–109. ISBN 1-84158-253-0. Hudson, BT (1996). Prophecy of Berchán: Irish and Scottish High-Kings of the Early Middle Ages. Contributions to the Study of World History. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. ISBN 0-313-29567-0. ISSN 0885-9159. Anderson, AO (1930). "The Prophecy of Berchan". Zeitschrift für celtische Philologie. 18: 1–56. doi:10.1515/zcph.1930.18.1.1. eISSN 1865-889X. ISSN 0084-5302. S2CID 162902103. Skene, WF, ed. (1867). Chronicles of the Picts, Chronicles of the Scots, and Other Early Memorials of Scottish History. Edinburgh: H.M. General Register House. OL 23286818M.
Wadden (2016) p. 180; Clancy (2008) p. 37; Woolf (2007) pp. 225–226; Woolf (2004) p. 100; Hudson (1996) pp. 52 § 183, 90 § 183; Anderson (1930) p. 51 § 181; Skene (1867) p. 99. Wadden, P (2016). "Dál Riata c. 1000: Genealogies and Irish Sea Politics". Scottish Historical Review. 95 (2): 164–181. doi:10.3366/shr.2016.0294. eISSN 1750-0222. ISSN 0036-9241. Clancy, TO (2008). "The Gall-Ghàidheil and Galloway" (PDF). The Journal of Scottish Name Studies. 2: 19–51. ISSN 2054-9385. Woolf, A (2007). From Pictland to Alba, 789–1070. The New Edinburgh History of Scotland. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 978-0-7486-1233-8. Woolf, A (2004). "The Age of Sea-Kings, 900–1300". In Omand, D (ed.). The Argyll Book. Edinburgh: Birlinn. pp. 94–109. ISBN 1-84158-253-0. Hudson, BT (1996). Prophecy of Berchán: Irish and Scottish High-Kings of the Early Middle Ages. Contributions to the Study of World History. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. ISBN 0-313-29567-0. ISSN 0885-9159. Anderson, AO (1930). "The Prophecy of Berchan". Zeitschrift für celtische Philologie. 18: 1–56. doi:10.1515/zcph.1930.18.1.1. eISSN 1865-889X. ISSN 0084-5302. S2CID 162902103. Skene, WF, ed. (1867). Chronicles of the Picts, Chronicles of the Scots, and Other Early Memorials of Scottish History. Edinburgh: H.M. General Register House. OL 23286818M.
Clancy (2008) p. 37; Woolf (2007) pp. 225–226; Hudson (1996) p. 221. Clancy, TO (2008). "The Gall-Ghàidheil and Galloway" (PDF). The Journal of Scottish Name Studies. 2: 19–51. ISSN 2054-9385. Woolf, A (2007). From Pictland to Alba, 789–1070. The New Edinburgh History of Scotland. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 978-0-7486-1233-8. Hudson, BT (1996). Prophecy of Berchán: Irish and Scottish High-Kings of the Early Middle Ages. Contributions to the Study of World History. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. ISBN 0-313-29567-0. ISSN 0885-9159.
Hudson (2005) p. 133; Hudson (1994) p. 158; Raine (1864) p. 178. Hudson, BT (2005). Viking Pirates and Christian Princes: Dynasty, Religion, and Empire in the North Atlantic. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-516237-0. Hudson, BT (1994). Kings of Celtic Scotland. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. ISBN 0-313-29087-3. ISSN 0885-9159. Archived from the original on 23 June 2019. Retrieved 17 August 2019. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help) Raine, J, ed. (1864). The Priory of Hexham. Publications of the Surtees Society. Vol. 1. Durham: Andrews and Co.
Broun (2015a); Charles-Edwards (2013) p. 571; Oram, RD (2011) ch. 5; Bolton (2009) p. 142; Hudson (2005) p. 133; Oram, R (2001); Hudson (1994) pp. 115–117. Broun, D (2015a) [1997]. "Malcolm II". In Crowcroft, R; Cannon, J (eds.). The Oxford Companion to British History (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acref/9780199677832.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-967783-2 – via Oxford Reference. Charles-Edwards, TM (2013). Wales and the Britons, 350–1064. The History of Wales. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-821731-2. Oram, RD (2011) [2001]. The Kings & Queens of Scotland. Brimscombe Port: The History Press. ISBN 978-0-7524-7099-3. Bolton, T (2009). The Empire of Cnut the Great: Conquest and the Consolidation of Power in Northern Europe in the Early Eleventh Century. The Northern World: North Europe and the Baltic c. 400–1700 AD. Peoples, Economics and Cultures. Leiden: Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-16670-7. ISSN 1569-1462. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help) Hudson, BT (2005). Viking Pirates and Christian Princes: Dynasty, Religion, and Empire in the North Atlantic. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-516237-0. Oram, R (2001). "Borders: 1. to 1603". In Lynch, M (ed.). The Oxford Companion to Scottish History. Oxford Companions. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 42–43. ISBN 0-19-211696-7. Hudson, BT (1994). Kings of Celtic Scotland. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. ISBN 0-313-29087-3. ISSN 0885-9159. Archived from the original on 23 June 2019. Retrieved 17 August 2019. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help)
Oram, RD (2011) ch. 5; Bolton (2009) p. 142; Hudson (2005) pp. 75, 133; Broun (2004c); Hudson (1994) p. 117. Oram, RD (2011) [2001]. The Kings & Queens of Scotland. Brimscombe Port: The History Press. ISBN 978-0-7524-7099-3. Bolton, T (2009). The Empire of Cnut the Great: Conquest and the Consolidation of Power in Northern Europe in the Early Eleventh Century. The Northern World: North Europe and the Baltic c. 400–1700 AD. Peoples, Economics and Cultures. Leiden: Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-16670-7. ISSN 1569-1462. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help) Hudson, BT (2005). Viking Pirates and Christian Princes: Dynasty, Religion, and Empire in the North Atlantic. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-516237-0. Broun, D (2004c). "Malcolm II (d. 1034)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/17858. Retrieved 24 October 2011. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.) Hudson, BT (1994). Kings of Celtic Scotland. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. ISBN 0-313-29087-3. ISSN 0885-9159. Archived from the original on 23 June 2019. Retrieved 17 August 2019. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help)
Bolton (2009) p. 142; Hudson (2005) p. 75; Hudson (1994) pp. 117–118. Bolton, T (2009). The Empire of Cnut the Great: Conquest and the Consolidation of Power in Northern Europe in the Early Eleventh Century. The Northern World: North Europe and the Baltic c. 400–1700 AD. Peoples, Economics and Cultures. Leiden: Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-16670-7. ISSN 1569-1462. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help) Hudson, BT (2005). Viking Pirates and Christian Princes: Dynasty, Religion, and Empire in the North Atlantic. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-516237-0. Hudson, BT (1994). Kings of Celtic Scotland. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. ISBN 0-313-29087-3. ISSN 0885-9159. Archived from the original on 23 June 2019. Retrieved 17 August 2019. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help)
Hudson (1994) p. 117. Hudson, BT (1994). Kings of Celtic Scotland. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. ISBN 0-313-29087-3. ISSN 0885-9159. Archived from the original on 23 June 2019. Retrieved 17 August 2019. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help)
Parsons (2011) pp. 132, 139; Clancy (2008) p. 37; Woolf (2007) p. 254, 254 n. 49; Broun (2004d) p. 136. Parsons, DN (2011). "On the Origin of 'Hiberno-Norse Inversion-Compounds'" (PDF). The Journal of Scottish Name Studies. 5: 115–152. ISSN 2054-9385. Clancy, TO (2008). "The Gall-Ghàidheil and Galloway" (PDF). The Journal of Scottish Name Studies. 2: 19–51. ISSN 2054-9385. Woolf, A (2007). From Pictland to Alba, 789–1070. The New Edinburgh History of Scotland. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 978-0-7486-1233-8. Broun, D (2004d). "The Welsh Identity of the Kingdom of Strathclyde c.900–c.1200". The Innes Review. 55 (2): 111–180. doi:10.3366/inr.2004.55.2.111. eISSN 1745-5219. ISSN 0020-157X.
Broun (2015b); Edmonds (2014) pp. 209, 214; Taylor (2006) p. 26; Broun (2004c); Broun (2004d) pp. 134, 139 n. 117; Kapelle (1979) p. 38. Broun, D (2015b) [1997]. "Strathclyde, Kingdom of". In Crowcroft, R; Cannon, J (eds.). The Oxford Companion to British History (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acref/9780199677832.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-967783-2 – via Oxford Reference. Edmonds, F (2014). "The Emergence and Transformation of Medieval Cumbria". Scottish Historical Review. 93 (2): 195–216. doi:10.3366/shr.2014.0216. eISSN 1750-0222. ISSN 0036-9241. Taylor, S (2006). "The Early History and Languages of West Dunbartonshire". In Brown, I (ed.). Changing Identities, Ancient Roots: The History of West Dunbartonshire From Earliest Times. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. pp. 12–41. ISBN 978-0-7486-2561-1. Broun, D (2004c). "Malcolm II (d. 1034)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/17858. Retrieved 24 October 2011. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.) Broun, D (2004d). "The Welsh Identity of the Kingdom of Strathclyde c.900–c.1200". The Innes Review. 55 (2): 111–180. doi:10.3366/inr.2004.55.2.111. eISSN 1745-5219. ISSN 0020-157X. Kapelle, WE (1979). The Norman Conquest of the North: The Region and its Transformation, 1000–1135. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 0-8078-1371-0.
Broun (2004d) p. 136. Broun, D (2004d). "The Welsh Identity of the Kingdom of Strathclyde c.900–c.1200". The Innes Review. 55 (2): 111–180. doi:10.3366/inr.2004.55.2.111. eISSN 1745-5219. ISSN 0020-157X.
Edmonds (2014) p. 210, 210 n. 88; Clarkson (2010) ch. 9; The Annals of Tigernach (2010) § 1030.11; Woolf (2007) p. 254; Annals of Tigernach (2005) § 1030.11; Broun (2004d) pp. 136–137. Edmonds, F (2014). "The Emergence and Transformation of Medieval Cumbria". Scottish Historical Review. 93 (2): 195–216. doi:10.3366/shr.2014.0216. eISSN 1750-0222. ISSN 0036-9241. Clarkson, T (2010). The Men of the North: The Britons and Southern Scotland (EPUB). Edinburgh: John Donald. ISBN 978-1-907909-02-3. "The Annals of Tigernach". Corpus of Electronic Texts (2 November 2010 ed.). University College Cork. 2010. Retrieved 12 October 2015. Woolf, A (2007). From Pictland to Alba, 789–1070. The New Edinburgh History of Scotland. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 978-0-7486-1233-8. "Annals of Tigernach". Corpus of Electronic Texts (13 April 2005 ed.). University College Cork. 2005. Retrieved 12 October 2015. Broun, D (2004d). "The Welsh Identity of the Kingdom of Strathclyde c.900–c.1200". The Innes Review. 55 (2): 111–180. doi:10.3366/inr.2004.55.2.111. eISSN 1745-5219. ISSN 0020-157X.
Clarkson (2010) ch. 9; Woolf (2007) p. 254; Broun (2004d) pp. 136–137. Clarkson, T (2010). The Men of the North: The Britons and Southern Scotland (EPUB). Edinburgh: John Donald. ISBN 978-1-907909-02-3. Woolf, A (2007). From Pictland to Alba, 789–1070. The New Edinburgh History of Scotland. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 978-0-7486-1233-8. Broun, D (2004d). "The Welsh Identity of the Kingdom of Strathclyde c.900–c.1200". The Innes Review. 55 (2): 111–180. doi:10.3366/inr.2004.55.2.111. eISSN 1745-5219. ISSN 0020-157X.
Edmonds (2014) pp. 207–208, 208 n. 69; Book of Leinster (2012) §§ 24980–24985. Edmonds, F (2014). "The Emergence and Transformation of Medieval Cumbria". Scottish Historical Review. 93 (2): 195–216. doi:10.3366/shr.2014.0216. eISSN 1750-0222. ISSN 0036-9241. "Book of Leinster, Formerly Lebar na Núachongbála". Corpus of Electronic Texts (14 February 2012 ed.). University College Cork. 2012. Retrieved 20 October 2015.
Edmonds (2014) p. 209; Minard (2012); Minard (2006); Arnold (1885) p. 156 ch. 130; Stevenson (1855) p. 527, 527 n. 4. Edmonds, F (2014). "The Emergence and Transformation of Medieval Cumbria". Scottish Historical Review. 93 (2): 195–216. doi:10.3366/shr.2014.0216. eISSN 1750-0222. ISSN 0036-9241. Minard, A (2012). "Cumbria". In Koch, JT; Minard, A (eds.). The Celts: History, Life, and Culture. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO. pp. 234–235. ISBN 978-1-59884-964-6. Minard, A (2006). "Cumbria". In Koch, JT (ed.). Celtic Culture: A Historical Encyclopedia. Vol. 2. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO. pp. 514–515. ISBN 1-85109-445-8. Arnold, T, ed. (1885). Symeonis Monachi Opera Omnia. Rerum Britannicarum Medii Ævi Scriptores. Vol. 2. London: Longmans & Co. Stevenson, J, ed. (1855). The Church Historians of England. Vol. 3, pt. 2. London: Seeleys. OL 7055940M.
Broun (2004d) pp. 137–138. Broun, D (2004d). "The Welsh Identity of the Kingdom of Strathclyde c.900–c.1200". The Innes Review. 55 (2): 111–180. doi:10.3366/inr.2004.55.2.111. eISSN 1745-5219. ISSN 0020-157X.
Charles-Edwards (2013) p. 574; Walker (2013) ch. 5; Oram, RD (2011) ch. 5; Bolton (2009) p. 142; Downham (2007) p. 171; Woolf (2007) pp. 244–248; Hudson (2005) pp. 75, 132–133; Hudson (1996) pp. 222–223. Charles-Edwards, TM (2013). Wales and the Britons, 350–1064. The History of Wales. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-821731-2. Walker, IW (2013) [2006]. Lords of Alba: The Making of Scotland (EPUB). Brimscombe Port: The History Press. ISBN 978-0-7524-9519-4. Oram, RD (2011) [2001]. The Kings & Queens of Scotland. Brimscombe Port: The History Press. ISBN 978-0-7524-7099-3. Bolton, T (2009). The Empire of Cnut the Great: Conquest and the Consolidation of Power in Northern Europe in the Early Eleventh Century. The Northern World: North Europe and the Baltic c. 400–1700 AD. Peoples, Economics and Cultures. Leiden: Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-16670-7. ISSN 1569-1462. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help) Downham, C (2007). Viking Kings of Britain and Ireland: The Dynasty of Ívarr to A.D. 1014. Edinburgh: Dunedin Academic Press. ISBN 978-1-903765-89-0. Woolf, A (2007). From Pictland to Alba, 789–1070. The New Edinburgh History of Scotland. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 978-0-7486-1233-8. Hudson, BT (2005). Viking Pirates and Christian Princes: Dynasty, Religion, and Empire in the North Atlantic. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-516237-0. Hudson, BT (1996). Prophecy of Berchán: Irish and Scottish High-Kings of the Early Middle Ages. Contributions to the Study of World History. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. ISBN 0-313-29567-0. ISSN 0885-9159.
Bolton (2009) p. 142; Hudson (2005) p. 133. Bolton, T (2009). The Empire of Cnut the Great: Conquest and the Consolidation of Power in Northern Europe in the Early Eleventh Century. The Northern World: North Europe and the Baltic c. 400–1700 AD. Peoples, Economics and Cultures. Leiden: Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-16670-7. ISSN 1569-1462. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help) Hudson, BT (2005). Viking Pirates and Christian Princes: Dynasty, Religion, and Empire in the North Atlantic. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-516237-0.
Bolton (2009) p. 142. Bolton, T (2009). The Empire of Cnut the Great: Conquest and the Consolidation of Power in Northern Europe in the Early Eleventh Century. The Northern World: North Europe and the Baltic c. 400–1700 AD. Peoples, Economics and Cultures. Leiden: Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-16670-7. ISSN 1569-1462. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help)
Hudson (1996) pp. 222–223. Hudson, BT (1996). Prophecy of Berchán: Irish and Scottish High-Kings of the Early Middle Ages. Contributions to the Study of World History. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. ISBN 0-313-29567-0. ISSN 0885-9159.
Walker (2013) ch. 5; The Annals of Ulster (2012) § 1033.7; Woolf (2009) p. 262; The Annals of Ulster (2008) § 1033.7; Woolf (2007) p. 247 n. 34; Broun (2004a); Broun (2004b); Broun (2004c); Duncan (1996) p. 113, 113 n. 25; Hudson (1996) p. 221; Smyth (1989) p. 226. Walker, IW (2013) [2006]. Lords of Alba: The Making of Scotland (EPUB). Brimscombe Port: The History Press. ISBN 978-0-7524-9519-4. "The Annals of Ulster". Corpus of Electronic Texts (15 August 2012 ed.). University College Cork. 2012. Retrieved 11 October 2015. Woolf, A (2009). "Scotland". In Stafford, P (ed.). A Companion to the Early Middle Ages: Britain and Ireland, c.500–c.1100. Blackwell Companions to British History. Chichester: Blackwell Publishing. pp. 251–267. ISBN 978-1-405-10628-3. "The Annals of Ulster". Corpus of Electronic Texts (29 August 2008 ed.). University College Cork. 2008. Retrieved 11 October 2015. Woolf, A (2007). From Pictland to Alba, 789–1070. The New Edinburgh History of Scotland. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 978-0-7486-1233-8. Broun, D (2004a). "Kenneth II (d. 995)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/15399. Retrieved 3 December 2015. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.) Broun, D (2004b). "Kenneth III (d. 1005)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/15400. Retrieved 3 December 2015. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.) Broun, D (2004c). "Malcolm II (d. 1034)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/17858. Retrieved 24 October 2011. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.) Duncan, AAM (1996) [1975]. Scotland: The Making of the Kingdom. The Edinburgh History of Scotland. Edinburgh: Mercat Press. ISBN 0-901824-83-6. Hudson, BT (1996). Prophecy of Berchán: Irish and Scottish High-Kings of the Early Middle Ages. Contributions to the Study of World History. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. ISBN 0-313-29567-0. ISSN 0885-9159. Smyth, AP (1989) [1984]. Warlords and Holy Men: Scotland, AD 80–1000. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 0-7486-0100-7.
Walker (2013) ch. 5; Broun (2015a); Woolf (2009) p. 262; Woolf (2007) p. 247, 247 n. 34; Broun (2004b); Broun (2004c); Ross (2003) p. 145; Woolf (2001); Duncan (1996) p. 113, 113 n. 25; Hudson (1996) p. 221; Kapelle (1979) p. 41. Walker, IW (2013) [2006]. Lords of Alba: The Making of Scotland (EPUB). Brimscombe Port: The History Press. ISBN 978-0-7524-9519-4. Broun, D (2015a) [1997]. "Malcolm II". In Crowcroft, R; Cannon, J (eds.). The Oxford Companion to British History (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acref/9780199677832.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-967783-2 – via Oxford Reference. Woolf, A (2009). "Scotland". In Stafford, P (ed.). A Companion to the Early Middle Ages: Britain and Ireland, c.500–c.1100. Blackwell Companions to British History. Chichester: Blackwell Publishing. pp. 251–267. ISBN 978-1-405-10628-3. Woolf, A (2007). From Pictland to Alba, 789–1070. The New Edinburgh History of Scotland. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 978-0-7486-1233-8. Broun, D (2004b). "Kenneth III (d. 1005)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/15400. Retrieved 3 December 2015. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.) Broun, D (2004c). "Malcolm II (d. 1034)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/17858. Retrieved 24 October 2011. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.) Ross, AD (2003). The Province of Moray, c. 1000–1230 (PhD thesis). Vol. 1. University of Aberdeen. Woolf, A (2001). "Macbeth". In Lynch, M (ed.). The Oxford Companion to Scottish History. Oxford Companions. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 402. ISBN 0-19-211696-7. Duncan, AAM (1996) [1975]. Scotland: The Making of the Kingdom. The Edinburgh History of Scotland. Edinburgh: Mercat Press. ISBN 0-901824-83-6. Hudson, BT (1996). Prophecy of Berchán: Irish and Scottish High-Kings of the Early Middle Ages. Contributions to the Study of World History. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. ISBN 0-313-29567-0. ISSN 0885-9159. Kapelle, WE (1979). The Norman Conquest of the North: The Region and its Transformation, 1000–1135. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 0-8078-1371-0.
Walker (2013) ch. 5; Broun (2004b); Ross (2003) p. 145; Woolf (2001); Hudson (1996) p. 221; Smyth (1989) p. 226. Walker, IW (2013) [2006]. Lords of Alba: The Making of Scotland (EPUB). Brimscombe Port: The History Press. ISBN 978-0-7524-9519-4. Broun, D (2004b). "Kenneth III (d. 1005)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/15400. Retrieved 3 December 2015. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.) Ross, AD (2003). The Province of Moray, c. 1000–1230 (PhD thesis). Vol. 1. University of Aberdeen. Woolf, A (2001). "Macbeth". In Lynch, M (ed.). The Oxford Companion to Scottish History. Oxford Companions. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 402. ISBN 0-19-211696-7. Hudson, BT (1996). Prophecy of Berchán: Irish and Scottish High-Kings of the Early Middle Ages. Contributions to the Study of World History. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. ISBN 0-313-29567-0. ISSN 0885-9159. Smyth, AP (1989) [1984]. Warlords and Holy Men: Scotland, AD 80–1000. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 0-7486-0100-7.