Suicide bag (English Wikipedia)

Richmond, T. S. (May 1997). "Cerebral Resuscitation after Global Brain Ischemia", AACN Clinical Issues 8 (2). Retrieved on 2007-04-13. Free full text Archived September 27, 2007, at the Wayback Machine

assisted-dying.org

Humphry D (2015-04-24). "Warning on diluted helium tanks". Assisted Dying Blog. Derek Humphry. Retrieved 2016-04-17.

boconline.co.uk

"Inert Gas Risks – Oxygen Deficiency". BOC. Retrieved 5 March 2018.

books.google.com

Chabot B (2015). Dignified Dying. Lulu.com. p. 63. ISBN 978-90-816194-6-2. Retrieved 2016-05-20.

canada.com

"Helium in an "exit bag" new choice for suicide". www.canada.com. Archived from the original on 2009-11-09. Retrieved 2008-12-19.

cdc.gov

"Propane". The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). 2017-11-17. Retrieved 2016-05-12. Propane is a simple asphyxiant and does not present an IDLH hazard at concentrations below its lower explosive limit (LEL). The chosen IDLH is based on the LEL of 21,000 ppm rounded down to 20,000 ppm. (2% by volume)

charlydmiller.com

Ely SF, Hirsch CS (2000). "Asphyxial deaths and petechiae: a review" (PDF). J. Forensic Sci. 45 (6): 1274–1277. doi:10.1520/JFS14878J. PMID 11110181.

doi.org

Ogden RD, Hassan S (2011). "Suicide by oxygen deprivation with helium: a preliminary study of British Columbia coroner investigations". Death Studies. 35 (4): 338–364. doi:10.1080/07481187.2010.518513. PMID 24501824. S2CID 21006656.
Schön CA, Ketterer T (December 2007). "Asphyxial suicide by inhalation of helium inside a plastic bag". The American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology. 28 (4): 364–367. doi:10.1097/PAF.0b013e31815b4c69. PMID 18043029.
Auwaerter V, Perdekamp MG, Kempf J, Schmidt U, Weinmann W, Pollak S (August 2007). "Toxicological analysis after asphyxial suicide with helium and a plastic bag". Forensic Sci. Int. 170 (2–3): 139–141. doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2007.03.027. PMID 17628370.(subscription required)
Ogden RD, Wooten RH (September 2002). "Asphyxial suicide with helium and a plastic bag" (PDF). Am J Forensic Med Pathol. 23 (3): 234–237. doi:10.1097/00000433-200209000-00005. PMID 12198347. S2CID 11301455.
Malbranque S, Mauillon D, Turcant A, Rouge-Maillart C, Mangin P, Varlet V (25 Apr 2016), "Quantification of fatal helium exposure following self-administration", International Journal of Legal Medicine, 130 (6): 1535–1539, doi:10.1007/s00414-016-1364-x, PMID 27113477, S2CID 11256402
Ogden R (June 2010). "Observation of two suicides by helium inhalation in a prefilled environment". Am J Forensic Med Pathol. 31 (2): 156–161. doi:10.1097/PAF.0b013e3181d749d7. PMID 20216304. S2CID 205911038.
Smędra A, Szustowski S, Jurczyk AP, Klemm J, Szram S, Berent J (2015). "Suicidal asphyxiation by using helium - two case reports". Arch Med Sadowej Kryminol. 65 (1): 37–46. doi:10.5114/amsik.2015.51605. PMID 26007160.
Oosting R, van der Hulst R, Peschier L, Verschraagen M (2015). "Toxicological findings in three cases of suicidal asphyxiation with helium". Forensic Sci. Int. 256: 38–41. doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2015.06.028. PMID 26298854.
Gunnell D, Coope C, Fearn V, Wells C, Chang SS, Hawton K, Kapur N (2015). "Suicide by gases in England and Wales 2001–2011: evidence of the emergence of new methods of suicide". Journal of Affective Disorders. 170: 190–195. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2014.08.055. PMID 25254616.
Zivković V, Juković F, Nikolić S (2010). "[Suicidal asphyxiation by propane-butane mixture inside a plastic bag: case report]". Srp Arh Celok Lek. 138 (5–6): 376–378. doi:10.2298/sarh1006376z. PMID 20607988.
Maryam A, Elham B (2010). "Deaths involving natural gas inhalation". Toxicol Ind Health. 26 (6): 345–347. Bibcode:2010ToxIH..26..345M. doi:10.1177/0748233710369122. PMID 20430818. S2CID 35250831.
Haddix TL, Harruff RC, Reay DT, Haglund WD (1996). "Asphyxial suicides using plastic bags". Am J Forensic Med Pathol. 17 (4): 308–311. doi:10.1097/00000433-199612000-00006. PMID 8947355.
Frost J (2013), "Death by self-inflicted asphyxia with helium – First case reports from Norway and review of the literature" (PDF), Scandinavian Journal of Forensic Science, 19 (2): 52–54, doi:10.2478/sjfs-2013-0010, S2CID 3604443
Ely SF, Hirsch CS (2000). "Asphyxial deaths and petechiae: a review" (PDF). J. Forensic Sci. 45 (6): 1274–1277. doi:10.1520/JFS14878J. PMID 11110181.
Ogden R, Hamilton W, Whitcher C (Mar 2010). "Assisted suicide by oxygen deprivation with helium at a Swiss right-to-die organisation". J Med Ethics. 36 (3): 174–179. doi:10.1136/jme.2009.032490. PMID 20211999. S2CID 206996269.
Kleespies PM (2010), "Psychological and ethical considerations concerning the debreather and assisted suicide: a commentary on Ogden", Death Studies, 34 (4): 318–324, doi:10.1080/07481181003613859, PMID 24479189, S2CID 25134060
Howard MO, Hall MT, Edwards JD, Vaughn MG, Perron BE, Winecker RE (2011). "Suicide by asphyxiation due to helium inhalation" (PDF). Am J Forensic Med Pathol. 32 (1): 61–70. doi:10.1097/paf.0b013e3181ed7a2d. hdl:2027.42/78181. PMID 21394956. S2CID 2079630.

exitinternational.net

"The Nitrogen Alternative" (PDF). Exit International. January 2009. Retrieved 2011-07-28.

geocities.ws

Ogden RD, Wooten RH (September 2002). "Asphyxial suicide with helium and a plastic bag" (PDF). Am J Forensic Med Pathol. 23 (3): 234–237. doi:10.1097/00000433-200209000-00005. PMID 12198347. S2CID 11301455.

greatlakesadvocate.com.au

Connell T (2011). "Dr Death ignites right to die debate". Great Lakes Advocate. Archived from the original on 21 August 2011. Retrieved 24 July 2011.

handle.net

hdl.handle.net

Howard MO, Hall MT, Edwards JD, Vaughn MG, Perron BE, Winecker RE (2011). "Suicide by asphyxiation due to helium inhalation" (PDF). Am J Forensic Med Pathol. 32 (1): 61–70. doi:10.1097/paf.0b013e3181ed7a2d. hdl:2027.42/78181. PMID 21394956. S2CID 2079630.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Maryam A, Elham B (2010). "Deaths involving natural gas inhalation". Toxicol Ind Health. 26 (6): 345–347. Bibcode:2010ToxIH..26..345M. doi:10.1177/0748233710369122. PMID 20430818. S2CID 35250831.

heraldscotland.com

Williams M (2016-03-30). "Scots assisted death and abortion pioneer dies, aged 89". The Herald. Retrieved 2016-04-18.

heraldsun.com.au

Rice S (16 Aug 2012), "Philip Nitschke says Exit International has seen a surge in demand for help to die peacefully", Herald Sun

hse.gov.uk

"Lack of oxygen in confined spaces". Health and Safety Executive. Archived from the original on 9 October 2019. Retrieved 5 March 2018.
"Asphyxiation hazards in welding and allied processes" (PDF). Health and Safety Executive. Retrieved 5 March 2018.

intoxikon.com

Brick J (2004). "Online Facts: Inhalants" (PDF). Rutgers New Brunswick/Piscataway Campus Center of Alcohol Studies. Retrieved 3 March 2018.

latimes.com

Marosi R (May 30, 2011). "Suicide kits: Woman selling 'suicide kits' reignites right-to-die debate". Los Angeles Times. Los Angeles. ISSN 0458-3035. Retrieved 27 July 2011.

newscientist.com

Phillips H (2006-07-03). "'Rewired brain' revives patient after 19 years". New Scientist. Retrieved 2007-04-13.^{[permanent dead link‍]}

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Ogden RD, Hassan S (2011). "Suicide by oxygen deprivation with helium: a preliminary study of British Columbia coroner investigations". Death Studies. 35 (4): 338–364. doi:10.1080/07481187.2010.518513. PMID 24501824. S2CID 21006656.
Schön CA, Ketterer T (December 2007). "Asphyxial suicide by inhalation of helium inside a plastic bag". The American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology. 28 (4): 364–367. doi:10.1097/PAF.0b013e31815b4c69. PMID 18043029.
Auwaerter V, Perdekamp MG, Kempf J, Schmidt U, Weinmann W, Pollak S (August 2007). "Toxicological analysis after asphyxial suicide with helium and a plastic bag". Forensic Sci. Int. 170 (2–3): 139–141. doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2007.03.027. PMID 17628370.(subscription required)
Ogden RD, Wooten RH (September 2002). "Asphyxial suicide with helium and a plastic bag" (PDF). Am J Forensic Med Pathol. 23 (3): 234–237. doi:10.1097/00000433-200209000-00005. PMID 12198347. S2CID 11301455.
Malbranque S, Mauillon D, Turcant A, Rouge-Maillart C, Mangin P, Varlet V (25 Apr 2016), "Quantification of fatal helium exposure following self-administration", International Journal of Legal Medicine, 130 (6): 1535–1539, doi:10.1007/s00414-016-1364-x, PMID 27113477, S2CID 11256402
Ogden R (June 2010). "Observation of two suicides by helium inhalation in a prefilled environment". Am J Forensic Med Pathol. 31 (2): 156–161. doi:10.1097/PAF.0b013e3181d749d7. PMID 20216304. S2CID 205911038.
Smędra A, Szustowski S, Jurczyk AP, Klemm J, Szram S, Berent J (2015). "Suicidal asphyxiation by using helium - two case reports". Arch Med Sadowej Kryminol. 65 (1): 37–46. doi:10.5114/amsik.2015.51605. PMID 26007160.
Oosting R, van der Hulst R, Peschier L, Verschraagen M (2015). "Toxicological findings in three cases of suicidal asphyxiation with helium". Forensic Sci. Int. 256: 38–41. doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2015.06.028. PMID 26298854.
Gunnell D, Coope C, Fearn V, Wells C, Chang SS, Hawton K, Kapur N (2015). "Suicide by gases in England and Wales 2001–2011: evidence of the emergence of new methods of suicide". Journal of Affective Disorders. 170: 190–195. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2014.08.055. PMID 25254616.
Zivković V, Juković F, Nikolić S (2010). "[Suicidal asphyxiation by propane-butane mixture inside a plastic bag: case report]". Srp Arh Celok Lek. 138 (5–6): 376–378. doi:10.2298/sarh1006376z. PMID 20607988.
Maryam A, Elham B (2010). "Deaths involving natural gas inhalation". Toxicol Ind Health. 26 (6): 345–347. Bibcode:2010ToxIH..26..345M. doi:10.1177/0748233710369122. PMID 20430818. S2CID 35250831.
Haddix TL, Harruff RC, Reay DT, Haglund WD (1996). "Asphyxial suicides using plastic bags". Am J Forensic Med Pathol. 17 (4): 308–311. doi:10.1097/00000433-199612000-00006. PMID 8947355.
Ely SF, Hirsch CS (2000). "Asphyxial deaths and petechiae: a review" (PDF). J. Forensic Sci. 45 (6): 1274–1277. doi:10.1520/JFS14878J. PMID 11110181.
Ogden R, Hamilton W, Whitcher C (Mar 2010). "Assisted suicide by oxygen deprivation with helium at a Swiss right-to-die organisation". J Med Ethics. 36 (3): 174–179. doi:10.1136/jme.2009.032490. PMID 20211999. S2CID 206996269.
Kleespies PM (2010), "Psychological and ethical considerations concerning the debreather and assisted suicide: a commentary on Ogden", Death Studies, 34 (4): 318–324, doi:10.1080/07481181003613859, PMID 24479189, S2CID 25134060
Howard MO, Hall MT, Edwards JD, Vaughn MG, Perron BE, Winecker RE (2011). "Suicide by asphyxiation due to helium inhalation" (PDF). Am J Forensic Med Pathol. 32 (1): 61–70. doi:10.1097/paf.0b013e3181ed7a2d. hdl:2027.42/78181. PMID 21394956. S2CID 2079630.

ninds.nih.gov

National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (2007-02-08). "Cerebral Hypoxia Information Page". U.S. National Institutes of Health. Archived from the original on 2009-05-05. Retrieved 2007-04-13.

nj.gov

"Safety Alert: Suicide Bags" (PDF). Trenton, NJ: New Jersey Department of Community Affairs, Division of Fire safety, Office of the State Fire Marshall. August 2012. Retrieved 5 March 2018.

reuters.com

Carson T (2011-06-14). "Oregon votes to outlaw sale of suicide kits". U.S. Retrieved 2021-10-24.

scientificamerican.com

Martindale D (2005-06-01). "Culture of Death". Scientific American. Retrieved 2016-05-11.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Ogden RD, Hassan S (2011). "Suicide by oxygen deprivation with helium: a preliminary study of British Columbia coroner investigations". Death Studies. 35 (4): 338–364. doi:10.1080/07481187.2010.518513. PMID 24501824. S2CID 21006656.
Ogden RD, Wooten RH (September 2002). "Asphyxial suicide with helium and a plastic bag" (PDF). Am J Forensic Med Pathol. 23 (3): 234–237. doi:10.1097/00000433-200209000-00005. PMID 12198347. S2CID 11301455.
Malbranque S, Mauillon D, Turcant A, Rouge-Maillart C, Mangin P, Varlet V (25 Apr 2016), "Quantification of fatal helium exposure following self-administration", International Journal of Legal Medicine, 130 (6): 1535–1539, doi:10.1007/s00414-016-1364-x, PMID 27113477, S2CID 11256402
Ogden R (June 2010). "Observation of two suicides by helium inhalation in a prefilled environment". Am J Forensic Med Pathol. 31 (2): 156–161. doi:10.1097/PAF.0b013e3181d749d7. PMID 20216304. S2CID 205911038.
Maryam A, Elham B (2010). "Deaths involving natural gas inhalation". Toxicol Ind Health. 26 (6): 345–347. Bibcode:2010ToxIH..26..345M. doi:10.1177/0748233710369122. PMID 20430818. S2CID 35250831.
Frost J (2013), "Death by self-inflicted asphyxia with helium – First case reports from Norway and review of the literature" (PDF), Scandinavian Journal of Forensic Science, 19 (2): 52–54, doi:10.2478/sjfs-2013-0010, S2CID 3604443
Ogden R, Hamilton W, Whitcher C (Mar 2010). "Assisted suicide by oxygen deprivation with helium at a Swiss right-to-die organisation". J Med Ethics. 36 (3): 174–179. doi:10.1136/jme.2009.032490. PMID 20211999. S2CID 206996269.
Kleespies PM (2010), "Psychological and ethical considerations concerning the debreather and assisted suicide: a commentary on Ogden", Death Studies, 34 (4): 318–324, doi:10.1080/07481181003613859, PMID 24479189, S2CID 25134060
Howard MO, Hall MT, Edwards JD, Vaughn MG, Perron BE, Winecker RE (2011). "Suicide by asphyxiation due to helium inhalation" (PDF). Am J Forensic Med Pathol. 32 (1): 61–70. doi:10.1097/paf.0b013e3181ed7a2d. hdl:2027.42/78181. PMID 21394956. S2CID 2079630.

smh.com.au

"Outrage over suicide bag giveaway". www.smh.com.au. 2002-07-09. Retrieved 2008-12-19.

stolav.no

Frost J (2013), "Death by self-inflicted asphyxia with helium – First case reports from Norway and review of the literature" (PDF), Scandinavian Journal of Forensic Science, 19 (2): 52–54, doi:10.2478/sjfs-2013-0010, S2CID 3604443

stuff.co.nz

"Dr Death attempts to dodge film law". stuff.co.nz. 2011. Retrieved 25 July 2011.

termedia.pl

Smędra A, Szustowski S, Jurczyk AP, Klemm J, Szram S, Berent J (2015). "Suicidal asphyxiation by using helium - two case reports". Arch Med Sadowej Kryminol. 65 (1): 37–46. doi:10.5114/amsik.2015.51605. PMID 26007160.

theage.com.au

Roberts G (2002-08-21). "Nitschke skirts law with suicide bag". The Age. Retrieved 2016-05-11.

thestar.com

Cribb R (26 Dec 2012), "Death's midwife helps terminally ill Canadians end their lives", The Toronto Star

timesonline.co.uk

de Bruxelles S (May 6, 2009). "'Dr Death' Paul Nitschke reveals secrets of a peaceful exit". The Times TimesOnline. London: News International. ISSN 0140-0460. Archived from the original on May 7, 2009. Retrieved 25 July 2011.

torontolife.com

Hofsess J (2016-03-04). "By the time you read this, I'll be dead". Toronto Life. Retrieved 2016-05-19.

umich.edu

deepblue.lib.umich.edu

Howard MO, Hall MT, Edwards JD, Vaughn MG, Perron BE, Winecker RE (2011). "Suicide by asphyxiation due to helium inhalation" (PDF). Am J Forensic Med Pathol. 32 (1): 61–70. doi:10.1097/paf.0b013e3181ed7a2d. hdl:2027.42/78181. PMID 21394956. S2CID 2079630.

web.archive.org

"Helium in an "exit bag" new choice for suicide". www.canada.com. Archived from the original on 2009-11-09. Retrieved 2008-12-19.
de Bruxelles S (May 6, 2009). "'Dr Death' Paul Nitschke reveals secrets of a peaceful exit". The Times TimesOnline. London: News International. ISSN 0140-0460. Archived from the original on May 7, 2009. Retrieved 25 July 2011.
Connell T (2011). "Dr Death ignites right to die debate". Great Lakes Advocate. Archived from the original on 21 August 2011. Retrieved 24 July 2011.
"Lack of oxygen in confined spaces". Health and Safety Executive. Archived from the original on 9 October 2019. Retrieved 5 March 2018.
Paul W. Fisher. "2 – High Altitude Respiratory Physiology". USAF Flight Surgeon's Guide. USAF School of Aerospace Medicine. Archived from the original on 16 March 2007. Retrieved 5 March 2015.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
Richmond, T. S. (May 1997). "Cerebral Resuscitation after Global Brain Ischemia", AACN Clinical Issues 8 (2). Retrieved on 2007-04-13. Free full text Archived September 27, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (2007-02-08). "Cerebral Hypoxia Information Page". U.S. National Institutes of Health. Archived from the original on 2009-05-05. Retrieved 2007-04-13.

worldcat.org

search.worldcat.org

de Bruxelles S (May 6, 2009). "'Dr Death' Paul Nitschke reveals secrets of a peaceful exit". The Times TimesOnline. London: News International. ISSN 0140-0460. Archived from the original on May 7, 2009. Retrieved 25 July 2011.
Marosi R (May 30, 2011). "Suicide kits: Woman selling 'suicide kits' reignites right-to-die debate". Los Angeles Times. Los Angeles. ISSN 0458-3035. Retrieved 27 July 2011.

yahoo.com

news.yahoo.com

Federal agents raid California suicide kit seller Yahoo News.