Sumer (English Wikipedia)

van der Toorn, K.; van der Horst, P. W. (January 1990). "Nimrod before and after the Bible". The Harvard Theological Review. 83 (1): 1–29. doi:10.1017/S0017816000005502. S2CID 161371511.
Lazaridis, I.; Nadel, D.; Rollefson, G. (2016). "Genomic insights into the origin of farming in the ancient Near East". Nature. 536 (7617): 419–424. Bibcode:2016Natur.536..419L. doi:10.1038/nature19310. PMC 5003663. PMID 27459054.
Harrassowitz, O. (2015-10-01), "Enki (Ea) in the mythology of creation", The God Enki in Sumerian Royal Ideology and Mythology, pp. 139–188, doi:10.2307/j.ctvc16s63.14, retrieved 2024-10-19
Van Der Toorn, K.; Van Der Horst, P. W. (1990-01-01). "Nimrod Before and After the Bible". Harvard Theological Review. 83 (1): 1–29. doi:10.1017/S0017816000005502. ISSN 1475-4517.
Nigro, Lorenzo (1998). "The Two Steles of Sargon: Iconology and Visual Propaganda at the Beginning of Royal Akkadian Relief". Iraq. 60. British Institute for the Study of Iraq: 85–102. doi:10.2307/4200454. hdl:11573/109737. JSTOR 4200454. S2CID 193050892.
Thorkild Jacobsen; Robert M. Adams (1 November 1958). "Salt and Silt in Ancient Mesopotamian Agriculture: Progressive changes in soil salinity and sedimentation contributed to the breakup of past civilizations". Science. 128 (3334): 1251–1258. doi:10.1126/SCIENCE.128.3334.1251. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 17793690. Wikidata Q34677808.
Thompson, William R. (2004). "Complexity, Diminishing Marginal Returns and Serial Mesopotamian Fragmentation" (PDF). Journal of World-Systems Research. 10 (3): 612–652. doi:10.5195/jwsr.2004.288. Archived from the original on February 19, 2012.
Al-Zahery, Nadia; Pala, Maria; Battaglia, Vincenza; Grugni, Viola; Hamod, Mohammed A.; Hooshiar Kashani, Baharak; Olivieri, Anna; Torroni, Antonio; Santachiara-Benerecetti, Augusta S.; Semino, Ornella (2011-10-04). "In search of the genetic footprints of Sumerians: a survey of Y-chromosome and mtDNA variation in the Marsh Arabs of Iraq". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 11 (1) 288. Bibcode:2011BMCEE..11..288A. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-11-288. ISSN 1471-2148. PMC 3215667. PMID 21970613.
Kramer, Samuel Noah (1983), "The Sumerian Deluge Myth: Reviewed and Revised", Anatolian Studies, 33: 115–121, doi:10.2307/3642699, JSTOR 3642699, S2CID 163489322.
Whatever the assertions of cosmography here, when modern-day archaeologists carve out areas of exploration based on physical-remains and other data, there is an emphasis on three, vide Frangipane, Marcella (2018). "Different Trajectories in State Formation in Greater Mesopotamia: A View from Arslantepe (Turkey)". Journal of Archaeological Research. 26: 3–63. doi:10.1007/s10814-017-9106-2.: "southern Mesopotamia, northern Mesopotamia, and [to the west] Upper Euphrates valley" (3), with no reference to any of these proper-names.
Gensheimer, T. R. (1984). "The Role of shell in Mesopotamia : evidence for trade exchange with Oman and the Indus Valley". Paléorient. 10: 71–72. doi:10.3406/paleo.1984.4350.

dx.doi.org

Harrassowitz, O. (2015-10-01), "Enki (Ea) in the mythology of creation", The God Enki in Sumerian Royal Ideology and Mythology, pp. 139–188, doi:10.2307/j.ctvc16s63.14, retrieved 2024-10-19

flutopedia.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Goss, Clint (15 April 2017). "Flutes of Gilgamesh and Ancient Mesopotamia". Flutopedia. Retrieved 14 June 2017.

hdl.handle.net (Global: 66^th place; English: 34^th place)

Nigro, Lorenzo (1998). "The Two Steles of Sargon: Iconology and Visual Propaganda at the Beginning of Royal Akkadian Relief". Iraq. 60. British Institute for the Study of Iraq: 85–102. doi:10.2307/4200454. hdl:11573/109737. JSTOR 4200454. S2CID 193050892.

ishtartemple.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Dening, Sarah (1996). "Chapter 3: Sex in Ancient Civilizations". The Mythology of Sex. London, England: Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-02-861207-2.

jhu.edu (Global: 560^th place; English: 313^th place)

krieger2.jhu.edu

Cooper, Jerrold S. (2001). "Virginity in Ancient Mesopotamia". Sex and Gender in the Ancient Near East: Proceedings of the 47th Rencontre Assyriologique Internationale, Helsinki (PDF). Baltimore, Maryland: Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 978-951-45-9054-2.

jstor.org (Global: 23^rd place; English: 15^th place)

Nigro, Lorenzo (1998). "The Two Steles of Sargon: Iconology and Visual Propaganda at the Beginning of Royal Akkadian Relief". Iraq. 60. British Institute for the Study of Iraq: 85–102. doi:10.2307/4200454. hdl:11573/109737. JSTOR 4200454. S2CID 193050892.
Kramer, Samuel Noah (1983), "The Sumerian Deluge Myth: Reviewed and Revised", Anatolian Studies, 33: 115–121, doi:10.2307/3642699, JSTOR 3642699, S2CID 163489322.
For the etching technique, see MacKay, Ernest (1925). "Sumerian Connexions with Ancient India". The Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland (4): 699. JSTOR 25220818.

metmuseum.org (Global: 854^th place; English: 646^th place)

"The Ubaid Period (5500–4000 B.C.)". Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York: Department of Ancient Near Eastern Art, Metropolitan Museum of Art. October 2003. Archived from the original on 2021-07-07. Retrieved 2014-02-22.

nih.gov (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Lazaridis, I.; Nadel, D.; Rollefson, G. (2016). "Genomic insights into the origin of farming in the ancient Near East". Nature. 536 (7617): 419–424. Bibcode:2016Natur.536..419L. doi:10.1038/nature19310. PMC 5003663. PMID 27459054.
Thorkild Jacobsen; Robert M. Adams (1 November 1958). "Salt and Silt in Ancient Mesopotamian Agriculture: Progressive changes in soil salinity and sedimentation contributed to the breakup of past civilizations". Science. 128 (3334): 1251–1258. doi:10.1126/SCIENCE.128.3334.1251. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 17793690. Wikidata Q34677808.
Al-Zahery, Nadia; Pala, Maria; Battaglia, Vincenza; Grugni, Viola; Hamod, Mohammed A.; Hooshiar Kashani, Baharak; Olivieri, Anna; Torroni, Antonio; Santachiara-Benerecetti, Augusta S.; Semino, Ornella (2011-10-04). "In search of the genetic footprints of Sumerians: a survey of Y-chromosome and mtDNA variation in the Marsh Arabs of Iraq". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 11 (1) 288. Bibcode:2011BMCEE..11..288A. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-11-288. ISSN 1471-2148. PMC 3215667. PMID 21970613.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Lazaridis, I.; Nadel, D.; Rollefson, G. (2016). "Genomic insights into the origin of farming in the ancient Near East". Nature. 536 (7617): 419–424. Bibcode:2016Natur.536..419L. doi:10.1038/nature19310. PMC 5003663. PMID 27459054.
Al-Zahery, Nadia; Pala, Maria; Battaglia, Vincenza; Grugni, Viola; Hamod, Mohammed A.; Hooshiar Kashani, Baharak; Olivieri, Anna; Torroni, Antonio; Santachiara-Benerecetti, Augusta S.; Semino, Ornella (2011-10-04). "In search of the genetic footprints of Sumerians: a survey of Y-chromosome and mtDNA variation in the Marsh Arabs of Iraq". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 11 (1) 288. Bibcode:2011BMCEE..11..288A. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-11-288. ISSN 1471-2148. PMC 3215667. PMID 21970613.

optusnet.com.au (Global: low place; English: low place)

members.optusnet.com.au

Thompson, Gary. "History of Constellation and Star Names". Members.optusnet.com.au. Archived from the original on 2012-08-21. Retrieved 2012-03-29.

persee.fr (Global: 310^th place; English: 770^th place)

Gensheimer, T. R. (1984). "The Role of shell in Mesopotamia : evidence for trade exchange with Oman and the Indus Valley". Paléorient. 10: 71–72. doi:10.3406/paleo.1984.4350.

scientificrussia.ru (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Sumerians had connections with the Caucasus". Scientific Russia. Archived from the original on 2021-04-15.

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

van der Toorn, K.; van der Horst, P. W. (January 1990). "Nimrod before and after the Bible". The Harvard Theological Review. 83 (1): 1–29. doi:10.1017/S0017816000005502. S2CID 161371511.
Nigro, Lorenzo (1998). "The Two Steles of Sargon: Iconology and Visual Propaganda at the Beginning of Royal Akkadian Relief". Iraq. 60. British Institute for the Study of Iraq: 85–102. doi:10.2307/4200454. hdl:11573/109737. JSTOR 4200454. S2CID 193050892.
Kramer, Samuel Noah (1983), "The Sumerian Deluge Myth: Reviewed and Revised", Anatolian Studies, 33: 115–121, doi:10.2307/3642699, JSTOR 3642699, S2CID 163489322.

sjsu.edu (Global: 7,460^th place; English: 4,844^th place)

"Sumerian Civilization". San José State University. Retrieved 2024-10-19.

stlawu.edu (Global: low place; English: low place)

it.stlawu.edu

Duncan J. Melville (2003). Third Millennium Chronology. Archived 2018-07-07 at the Wayback Machine, Third Millennium Mathematics. St. Lawrence University.

sumerian.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Sumerian Questions and Answers". Sumerian.org. Retrieved 2012-03-29.

theeffect.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Hamblin, Dora Jane (May 1987). "Has the Garden of Eden been located at last?" (PDF). Smithsonian Magazine. 18 (2). Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 January 2014. Retrieved 8 January 2014.

time.com (Global: 84^th place; English: 63^rd place)

"Science: Home City of Sumer?". Time. April 18, 1960. Archived from the original on December 7, 2024. Retrieved October 19, 2024.

uchicago.edu (Global: 226^th place; English: 199^th place)

oi.uchicago.edu

"Ancient Mesopotamia. Teaching materials". Oriental Institute in collaboration with Chicago Web Docent and eCUIP, The Digital Library. Archived from the original on 5 November 2013. Retrieved 5 March 2015.
Carter, Rober A.; Graham, Philip, eds. (April 2006). "Beyond the Ubaid" (PDF). University of Durham. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-03-21. Retrieved 2014-02-22.
Woods, C. 2006. "Bilingualism, Scribal Learning, and the Death of Sumerian". Archived 2013-04-29 at the Wayback Machine. In S. L. Sanders (ed), Margins of Writing, Origins of Culture: 91–120 Chicago.

ucla.edu (Global: 885^th place; English: 584^th place)

cdli.ucla.edu

Kassian, A. (2014). "Lexical Matches between Sumerian and Hurro-Urartian: Possible Historical Scenarios". Cuneiform Digital Library Journal. 2014 (4).

unesco.org (Global: 104^th place; English: 170^th place)

unesdoc.unesco.org

The Diversity of the Chechen culture: from historical roots to the present. UNESCO. 2009. p. 14. ISBN 978-5-904549-01-5.

upenn.edu (Global: 784^th place; English: 498^th place)

psd.museum.upenn.edu

"emeĝir [SUMERIAN]". The Pennsylvania Sumerian Dictionary. University of Pennsylvania Museum of Anthropology and Archaeology. Retrieved 14 July 2021.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

"Ancient Mesopotamia. Teaching materials". Oriental Institute in collaboration with Chicago Web Docent and eCUIP, The Digital Library. Archived from the original on 5 November 2013. Retrieved 5 March 2015.
"The Ubaid Period (5500–4000 B.C.)". Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York: Department of Ancient Near Eastern Art, Metropolitan Museum of Art. October 2003. Archived from the original on 2021-07-07. Retrieved 2014-02-22.
Carter, Rober A.; Graham, Philip, eds. (April 2006). "Beyond the Ubaid" (PDF). University of Durham. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-03-21. Retrieved 2014-02-22.
"Sumerians had connections with the Caucasus". Scientific Russia. Archived from the original on 2021-04-15.
"Science: Home City of Sumer?". Time. April 18, 1960. Archived from the original on December 7, 2024. Retrieved October 19, 2024.
Hamblin, Dora Jane (May 1987). "Has the Garden of Eden been located at last?" (PDF). Smithsonian Magazine. 18 (2). Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 January 2014. Retrieved 8 January 2014.
Thompson, William R. (2004). "Complexity, Diminishing Marginal Returns and Serial Mesopotamian Fragmentation" (PDF). Journal of World-Systems Research. 10 (3): 612–652. doi:10.5195/jwsr.2004.288. Archived from the original on February 19, 2012.
Woods, C. 2006. "Bilingualism, Scribal Learning, and the Death of Sumerian". Archived 2013-04-29 at the Wayback Machine. In S. L. Sanders (ed), Margins of Writing, Origins of Culture: 91–120 Chicago.
Duncan J. Melville (2003). Third Millennium Chronology. Archived 2018-07-07 at the Wayback Machine, Third Millennium Mathematics. St. Lawrence University.
Thompson, Gary. "History of Constellation and Star Names". Members.optusnet.com.au. Archived from the original on 2012-08-21. Retrieved 2012-03-29.

wikidata.org (Global: 10^th place; English: 98^th place)

Thorkild Jacobsen; Robert M. Adams (1 November 1958). "Salt and Silt in Ancient Mesopotamian Agriculture: Progressive changes in soil salinity and sedimentation contributed to the breakup of past civilizations". Science. 128 (3334): 1251–1258. doi:10.1126/SCIENCE.128.3334.1251. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 17793690. Wikidata Q34677808.

worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

search.worldcat.org

Van Der Toorn, K.; Van Der Horst, P. W. (1990-01-01). "Nimrod Before and After the Bible". Harvard Theological Review. 83 (1): 1–29. doi:10.1017/S0017816000005502. ISSN 1475-4517.
Cooper, Jerrold S. (2016). "Sumerian literature and Sumerian identity". Problems of canonicity and identity formation in ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia. Kim Ryholt, Gojko Barjamovic, Københavns universitet, Denmark. Problems of Canonicity and Identity Formation in Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia (2010: Copenhagen, Denmark) Literature and Identity Formation (2010: Copenhagen, Denmark. Copenhagen, Denmark: Museum Tusculanum Press. pp. 1–18. ISBN 978-87-635-4372-9. OCLC 944087535.
Thorkild Jacobsen; Robert M. Adams (1 November 1958). "Salt and Silt in Ancient Mesopotamian Agriculture: Progressive changes in soil salinity and sedimentation contributed to the breakup of past civilizations". Science. 128 (3334): 1251–1258. doi:10.1126/SCIENCE.128.3334.1251. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 17793690. Wikidata Q34677808.
Al-Zahery, Nadia; Pala, Maria; Battaglia, Vincenza; Grugni, Viola; Hamod, Mohammed A.; Hooshiar Kashani, Baharak; Olivieri, Anna; Torroni, Antonio; Santachiara-Benerecetti, Augusta S.; Semino, Ornella (2011-10-04). "In search of the genetic footprints of Sumerians: a survey of Y-chromosome and mtDNA variation in the Marsh Arabs of Iraq". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 11 (1) 288. Bibcode:2011BMCEE..11..288A. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-11-288. ISSN 1471-2148. PMC 3215667. PMID 21970613.
Winter, Irene J. (1985). "After the Battle is Over: The 'Stele of the Vultures' and the Beginning of Historical Narrative in the Art of the Ancient Near East". In Kessler, Herbert L.; Simpson, Marianna Shreve. Pictorial Narrative in Antiquity and the Middle Ages. Center for Advanced Study in the Visual Arts, Symposium Series IV 16. Washington, D.C.: National Gallery of Art. pp. 11–32. ISSN 0091-7338.

Sumer (English Wikipedia)

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