Sumerian language (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Sumerian language" in English language version.

Last modified: 14:10:57, 1 October 2026 (UTC)

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2218web.archive.org

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75upenn.edu

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42assziriologia.hu

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academia.edu (Global: 105^th place; English: 99^th place)

Krecher, J. 1992: UD.GAL.NUN versus ‘Normal’ Sumerian: Two Literatures or One? Fronzaroli, P. (ed.). Literature and Literary Language at Ebla. Firenze. 285–303. Online
Jagersma, Bram (January 2000). "Sound change in Sumerian: the so-called /dr/-phoneme". Acta Sumerologica 22: 81–87. Archived from the original on 2023-03-19. Retrieved 2015-11-23.
Jagersma, Bram. 2006. The final person-prefixes and the passive, NABU 2006/93. Online
Zólyomi, G., Voice and Topicalization in Sumerian. Kandidátusi értekezés, Budapest 1993. Online

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

Mémoires. Mission archéologique en Iran. 1900. p. 53.

assziriologia.hu (Global: low place; English: low place)

Zólyomi, Gábor, 1993: Voice and Topicalization in Sumerian. PhD Dissertation Archived 2008-10-01 at the Wayback Machine
Zólyomi (2000). "Structural interference from Akkadian in Old Babylonian Sumerian" (PDF). Acta Sumerologica. 22. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2021-02-28. Retrieved 2008-07-20.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

Krejci, Jaroslav (1990). Before the European Challenge: The Great Civilizations of Asia and the Middle East. SUNY Press. p. 34. ISBN 978-0-7914-0168-2.
Kramer 1963, p. 21: "On January 17, 1869, Oppert delivered a lecture before the ethnographic and historical section of the French Society of Numismatics and Archeology in which he declared that these people and their language should be called Sumerian, basing his conclusions on the title "King of Sumer and Akkad" found in the inscriptions of some of the early rules; for, he argued quite correctly, it was the name Akkad that applied to the Semitic people of Assyria and Babylonia, while the name Sumer referred to the non-Semitic inhabitants." Kramer, Samuel Noah (1963). The Sumerians.
Kramer 1963, p. 2: "The designation "Sumerian" was not followed immediately by the majority of cuneiform scholars, and the term "Akkadian" continued to be used for several decades." Kramer, Samuel Noah (1963). The Sumerians.
Zólyomi, Gábor (2014). Grzegorek, Katarzyna; Borowska, Anna; Kirk, Allison (eds.). Copular Clauses and Focus Marking in Sumerian. De Gruyter. p. 8. ISBN 978-3-11-040169-1. Retrieved 21 July 2016.
Stephen Chrisomalis (2010). Numerical Notation: A Comparative History. Cambridge University Press. p. 236. ISBN 978-0-521-87818-0. Retrieved 2021-02-25.
Stephen Chrisomalis (2010). Numerical Notation: A Comparative History. Cambridge University Press. p. 243. ISBN 978-0-521-87818-0. Retrieved 2024-12-12.
Sylvain Auroux (2000). History of the Language Sciences. Vol. 1. Walter de Gruyter. p. 2. ISBN 978-3-11-019400-5.
Rubio (2007). Morphology of Asia and Africa. Eisenbrauns. p. 1370. ISBN 978-1-57506-109-2.

cairn.info (Global: 574^th place; English: 2,035^th place)

Wilcke, Claus 2013. ’Dieser Ur-Namma hier… Eine auf die Darstellung weisende Statueninschrift.’ Revue d’assyriologie et d’archéologie orientale 107: 173–186. Online.

core.ac.uk (Global: 1,383^rd place; English: 954^th place)

"Zólyomi, Gábor. 2017. An introduction to the grammar of Sumerian" (PDF). pp. 12–13. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2018-09-16. Retrieved 2018-09-16.
Gábor Zólyomi: An Introduction to the Grammar of Sumerian Open Access textbook, Budapest 2017

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Zakar, András (1971). "Sumerian – Ural-Altaic affinities". Current Anthropology. 12 (2): 215–225. doi:10.1086/201193. JSTOR 2740574. S2CID 143879460..
Rubio, Gonzalo (1999). "On the alleged 'pre-Sumerian substratum'". Journal of Cuneiform Studies. 51 (1999): 1–16. doi:10.2307/1359726. JSTOR 1359726. S2CID 163985956.
Wright, Henry T. (1980). "Problems of absolute chronology in protohistoric Mesopotamia". Paléorient. 6: 93–98. doi:10.3406/paleo.1980.4262. Retrieved 2024-05-31.
Prince, J. Dyneley (1919). "Phonetic Relations in Sumerian". Journal of the American Oriental Society. 39: 265–279. doi:10.2307/592740. JSTOR 592740. Retrieved 2023-05-09.
Prince, J. Dyneley (1904). "The Vocabulary of Sumerian" (PDF). Journal of the American Oriental Society. 25: 49–67. doi:10.2307/592549. JSTOR 592549.

ed.gov (Global: 318^th place; English: 138^th place)

files.eric.ed.gov

Høyrup, Jens (1998). "Sumerian: The descendant of a proto-historical creole? An alternative approach to the Sumerian problem". Published: AIΩN. Annali del Dipartimento di Studi del Mondo Classico e del Mediterraneo Antico. Sezione linguistica. 14 (1992, publ. 1994). Istituto Universitario Orientale, Napoli: 21–72, Figs. 1–3. Available in: http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED368171.pdf

fh-giessen.de (Global: low place; English: low place)

homepages.fh-giessen.de

"Kausen, Ernst. 2006. Sumerische Sprache. p.9". Archived from the original on 2009-09-27. Retrieved 2006-02-06.

ghostarchive.org (Global: 64^th place; English: 28^th place)

Whittaker, Gordon (2008). "The Case for Euphratic" (PDF). Bulletin of the Georgian National Academy of Sciences. 2 (3). Tbilisi: 156–168. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022. Retrieved 11 December 2012.

jstor.org (Global: 23^rd place; English: 15^th place)

THUREAU-DANGIN, F. (1911). "Notes Assyriologiques". Revue d'Assyriologie et d'archéologie orientale. 8 (3): 138–141. ISSN 0373-6032. JSTOR 23284567.
MONACO, Salvatore (2014). "Proto-Cuneiform and Sumerians". Rivista Degli Studi Orientali. 87 (1/4): 277–282. JSTOR 43927313.
Zakar, András (1971). "Sumerian – Ural-Altaic affinities". Current Anthropology. 12 (2): 215–225. doi:10.1086/201193. JSTOR 2740574. S2CID 143879460..
Rubio, Gonzalo (1999). "On the alleged 'pre-Sumerian substratum'". Journal of Cuneiform Studies. 51 (1999): 1–16. doi:10.2307/1359726. JSTOR 1359726. S2CID 163985956.
Prince, J. Dyneley (1919). "Phonetic Relations in Sumerian". Journal of the American Oriental Society. 39: 265–279. doi:10.2307/592740. JSTOR 592740. Retrieved 2023-05-09.
Prince, J. Dyneley (1904). "The Vocabulary of Sumerian" (PDF). Journal of the American Oriental Society. 25: 49–67. doi:10.2307/592549. JSTOR 592549.

leidenuniv.nl (Global: 5,966^th place; English: 5,144^th place)

openaccess.leidenuniv.nl

Jagersma, A. H. A descriptive grammar of Sumerian (PDF) (Thesis). pp. 43–45, 50–51. Archived (PDF) from the original on November 25, 2015 (about phonemes g̃ and ř and their representation using cuneiform signs).

louvre.fr (Global: 2,319^th place; English: 3,479^th place)

"Cone of Enmetena, king of Lagash". 2020. Archived from the original on 2020-02-27. Retrieved 2020-02-27.

mpg.de (Global: 1,722^nd place; English: 1,710^th place)

cdli.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de

Huber, Peter. On the Old Babylonian Understanding of Sumerian Grammar. LINCOM Studies in Asian Linguistics 87 (Munich 2018: LINCOM GmbH).

mprl-series.mpg.de

Wagensonner, Klaus (May 18, 2018). Sumerian in the Middle Assyrian Period. MPRL – Studies. Max-Planck-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften. ISBN 978-3-945561-13-3.

multitree.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Sumerian". Archived from the original on 27 June 2013. Retrieved 2024-04-07.

ox.ac.uk (Global: 541^st place; English: 356^th place)

etcsl.orinst.ox.ac.uk

Black, J.A. and G. Zólyomi (2007). The study of diachronic and synchronic variation in Sumerian. pp. 10–14.
"Sumerian language". The ETCSL project. Faculty of Oriental Studies, University of Oxford. 2005-03-29. Archived from the original on 2008-09-02. Retrieved 2011-07-30.

cdli.ox.ac.uk

"Transliteration and the diacritics [CDLI Wiki]". October 26, 2021. Archived from the original on 26 October 2021.

persee.fr (Global: 310^th place; English: 770^th place)

Wright, Henry T. (1980). "Problems of absolute chronology in protohistoric Mesopotamia". Paléorient. 6: 93–98. doi:10.3406/paleo.1980.4262. Retrieved 2024-05-31.

researchgate.net (Global: 96^th place; English: 89^th place)

Papakitsos, Evangelos; Kananidis, Ioannis (2013). "Yet Another Suggestion about the Origins of the Sumerian Language". International Journal of Linguistics. 5 (5). ISSN 1948-5425.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

sacred-texts.com (Global: 1,277^th place; English: 997^th place)

Kramer, Samuel Noah (1961) [1944]. Sumerian Mythology. Archived from the original on 2005-05-25. Retrieved 2005-09-23.

science.org.ge (Global: low place; English: low place)

Whittaker, Gordon (2008). "The Case for Euphratic" (PDF). Bulletin of the Georgian National Academy of Sciences. 2 (3). Tbilisi: 156–168. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022. Retrieved 11 December 2012.

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

Zakar, András (1971). "Sumerian – Ural-Altaic affinities". Current Anthropology. 12 (2): 215–225. doi:10.1086/201193. JSTOR 2740574. S2CID 143879460..
Rubio, Gonzalo (1999). "On the alleged 'pre-Sumerian substratum'". Journal of Cuneiform Studies. 51 (1999): 1–16. doi:10.2307/1359726. JSTOR 1359726. S2CID 163985956.

sepoa.fr (Global: low place; English: low place)

Keetman, J. 2009. "The limits of [ATR] vowel harmony in Sumerian and some remarks about the need of transparent data ". Nouvelles Assyriologiques Brèves et Utilitaires 2009, No. 65

sumerian.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

More unpredictable stem alternations of Sumerian verbs, specifically marû reduplicating stems, are indicated in the catalogue of verbs in Thomsen (2001: 295–323) and in Halloran (1999).

tech-archive.net (Global: low place; English: low place)

sci.tech-archive.net

"Hayes, John L. : A Manual of Sumerian Grammar and Texts, second revised and expanded edition". Sci.tech-archive.net. Retrieved June 20, 2026.

ub.edu (Global: 3,515^th place; English: 3,711^th place)

Marstal, Erica. The beginnings of Sumerology (I). From Delitzsch’s grammar to Adam Falkenstein. Aula Orientalis, 32: 283–297. Online
Marstal, Erica. The beginnings of Sumerology (II). From Delitzsch’s grammar to Adam Falkenstein. Aula Orientalis 33, 255–269 Online

uchicago.edu (Global: 226^th place; English: 199^th place)

isac.uchicago.edu

Woods C. 2006 "Bilingualism, Scribal Learning, and the Death of Sumerian". In S. L. Sanders (ed) Margins of Writing, Origins of Culture: 91–120 Chicago.
Michalowski, P., 2006: "The Lives of the Sumerian Language", in S.L. Sanders (ed.), Margins of Writing, Origins of Cultures, Chicago, 159–184
"Inscriptions From Tell Abu Salabikh" (PDF). Retrieved 2024-05-31.

oi.uchicago.edu

"Diakonoff 1976:112" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2019-08-03. Retrieved 2018-09-23.

ucl.ac.uk (Global: 1,187^th place; English: 756^th place)

discovery.ucl.ac.uk

Eleanor Robson, Information Flows in Rural Babylonia c. 1500 BC, in C. Johnston (ed.), The Concept of the Book: the Production, Progression and Dissemination of Information, London: Institute of English Studies/School of Advanced Study, January 2019 ISBN 978-0-9927257-4-7

ucla.edu (Global: 885^th place; English: 584^th place)

cdli.ucla.edu

Kevin J. Cathcart, "The Earliest Contributions to the Decipherment of Sumerian and Akkadian", Cuneiform Digital Library Journal, 2011
Johnson, Cale, 2004: In the Eye of the Beholder: Quantificational, Pragmatic and Aspectual Features of the *bí- Verbal Formation in Sumerian, Dissertation. UCLA, Los Angeles. P.83–84 Archived 2013-06-22 at the Wayback Machine
Foxvog, Daniel A. Introduction to Sumerian grammar (PDF). pp. 16–17, 20–21. Archived (PDF) from the original on January 3, 2017 (about phonemes g̃ and ř and their representation using cuneiform signs).
"CDLI-Found Texts". cdli.ucla.edu. Retrieved 2018-03-12.

umich.edu (Global: 429^th place; English: 307^th place)

quod.lib.umich.edu

"Page 199 | Babyloniaca, études de philologie assyro-babylonienne. | Digital General Collection | University of Michigan Library Digital Collections". quod.lib.umich.edu. Retrieved Jun 20, 2026.

universiteitleiden.nl (Global: 5,842^nd place; English: 5,472^nd place)

scholarlypublications.universiteitleiden.nl

B., Jagersma (4 November 2010). "A descriptive grammar of Sumerian".

upenn.edu (Global: 784^th place; English: 498^th place)

oracc.museum.upenn.edu

"Introduction to the Corpus of Sumerian Kassite Texts". oracc.museum.upenn.edu.
"ePSD2 2.7.2 (2024-08-31)". Oracc.museum.upenn.edu. Retrieved June 20, 2026.
"Epsd2/Sux/šum[give]". Archived from the original on 2021-09-26. Retrieved 2021-02-21.
ETCSRI's Morphological Parsing. Accessed 13.06.2024

psd.museum.upenn.edu

See e.g. Rubio 2007, Attinger 1993, Zólyomi 2005 ("Sumerisch". In: Sprachen des Alten Orients, ed. M. Streck), PPCS Morphological model Archived October 25, 2012, at the Wayback Machine

utoronto.ca (Global: 1,483^rd place; English: 930^th place)

tspace.library.utoronto.ca

McGrath, William (2024). ""Resurgent Babylon: A Cultural, Political and Intellectual History of the Second Dynasty of Isin", Dissertation" (PDF). Tspace.library.utoronto.ca. University of Toronto. Retrieved June 20, 2026.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

"Sumerian". Archived from the original on 27 June 2013. Retrieved 2024-04-07.
Cf. also the Catalogue entries across time of the Diachronic Corpus of Sumerian Literature project.
Kramer, Samuel Noah (1961) [1944]. Sumerian Mythology. Archived from the original on 2005-05-25. Retrieved 2005-09-23.
"Diakonoff 1976:112" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2019-08-03. Retrieved 2018-09-23.
Jagersma, Bram (January 2000). "Sound change in Sumerian: the so-called /dr/-phoneme". Acta Sumerologica 22: 81–87. Archived from the original on 2023-03-19. Retrieved 2015-11-23.
"Sumerian language". The ETCSL project. Faculty of Oriental Studies, University of Oxford. 2005-03-29. Archived from the original on 2008-09-02. Retrieved 2011-07-30.
Attinger, Pascal, 1993. Eléments de linguistique sumérienne. p. 212 ()
"Zólyomi, Gábor. 2017. An introduction to the grammar of Sumerian" (PDF). pp. 12–13. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2018-09-16. Retrieved 2018-09-16.
"Transliteration and the diacritics [CDLI Wiki]". October 26, 2021. Archived from the original on 26 October 2021.
"Kausen, Ernst. 2006. Sumerische Sprache. p.9". Archived from the original on 2009-09-27. Retrieved 2006-02-06.
Zólyomi, Gábor, 1993: Voice and Topicalization in Sumerian. PhD Dissertation Archived 2008-10-01 at the Wayback Machine
Johnson, Cale, 2004: In the Eye of the Beholder: Quantificational, Pragmatic and Aspectual Features of the *bí- Verbal Formation in Sumerian, Dissertation. UCLA, Los Angeles. P.83–84 Archived 2013-06-22 at the Wayback Machine
See e.g. Rubio 2007, Attinger 1993, Zólyomi 2005 ("Sumerisch". In: Sprachen des Alten Orients, ed. M. Streck), PPCS Morphological model Archived October 25, 2012, at the Wayback Machine
Zólyomi (2000). "Structural interference from Akkadian in Old Babylonian Sumerian" (PDF). Acta Sumerologica. 22. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2021-02-28. Retrieved 2008-07-20.
"Epsd2/Sux/šum[give]". Archived from the original on 2021-09-26. Retrieved 2021-02-21.
Foxvog, Daniel A. Introduction to Sumerian grammar (PDF). pp. 16–17, 20–21. Archived (PDF) from the original on January 3, 2017 (about phonemes g̃ and ř and their representation using cuneiform signs).
Jagersma, A. H. A descriptive grammar of Sumerian (PDF) (Thesis). pp. 43–45, 50–51. Archived (PDF) from the original on November 25, 2015 (about phonemes g̃ and ř and their representation using cuneiform signs).
"Cone of Enmetena, king of Lagash". 2020. Archived from the original on 2020-02-27. Retrieved 2020-02-27.

worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

search.worldcat.org

THUREAU-DANGIN, F. (1911). "Notes Assyriologiques". Revue d'Assyriologie et d'archéologie orientale. 8 (3): 138–141. ISSN 0373-6032. JSTOR 23284567.
Papakitsos, Evangelos; Kananidis, Ioannis (2013). "Yet Another Suggestion about the Origins of the Sumerian Language". International Journal of Linguistics. 5 (5). ISSN 1948-5425.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

yale.edu (Global: 559^th place; English: 389^th place)

findit.library.yale.edu

Al-Rawi; Farouk N.H. (1981). ""A Fragment of a Cylinder of Adad-Apla-Iddina", Sumer 37". Findit.library.yale.edu. pp. 116–117. Retrieved June 20, 2026.

Sumerian language (English Wikipedia)

academia.edu (Global: 105th place; English: 99th place)

archive.org (Global: 6th place; English: 6th place)

assziriologia.hu (Global: low place; English: low place)

books.google.com (Global: 3rd place; English: 3rd place)

cairn.info (Global: 574th place; English: 2,035th place)

core.ac.uk (Global: 1,383rd place; English: 954th place)

doi.org (Global: 2nd place; English: 2nd place)

ed.gov (Global: 318th place; English: 138th place)

files.eric.ed.gov

fh-giessen.de (Global: low place; English: low place)

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ghostarchive.org (Global: 64th place; English: 28th place)

jstor.org (Global: 23rd place; English: 15th place)

leidenuniv.nl (Global: 5,966th place; English: 5,144th place)

openaccess.leidenuniv.nl

louvre.fr (Global: 2,319th place; English: 3,479th place)

mpg.de (Global: 1,722nd place; English: 1,710th place)

cdli.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de

mprl-series.mpg.de

multitree.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

ox.ac.uk (Global: 541st place; English: 356th place)

etcsl.orinst.ox.ac.uk

cdli.ox.ac.uk

persee.fr (Global: 310th place; English: 770th place)

researchgate.net (Global: 96th place; English: 89th place)

sacred-texts.com (Global: 1,277th place; English: 997th place)

science.org.ge (Global: low place; English: low place)

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15th place; English: 8th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

sepoa.fr (Global: low place; English: low place)

sumerian.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

tech-archive.net (Global: low place; English: low place)

sci.tech-archive.net

ub.edu (Global: 3,515th place; English: 3,711th place)

uchicago.edu (Global: 226th place; English: 199th place)

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oi.uchicago.edu

ucl.ac.uk (Global: 1,187th place; English: 756th place)

discovery.ucl.ac.uk

ucla.edu (Global: 885th place; English: 584th place)

cdli.ucla.edu

umich.edu (Global: 429th place; English: 307th place)

quod.lib.umich.edu

universiteitleiden.nl (Global: 5,842nd place; English: 5,472nd place)

scholarlypublications.universiteitleiden.nl

upenn.edu (Global: 784th place; English: 498th place)

oracc.museum.upenn.edu

psd.museum.upenn.edu

utoronto.ca (Global: 1,483rd place; English: 930th place)

tspace.library.utoronto.ca

web.archive.org (Global: 1st place; English: 1st place)

worldcat.org (Global: 4th place; English: 4th place)

search.worldcat.org

yale.edu (Global: 559th place; English: 389th place)

findit.library.yale.edu

academia.edu (Global: 105^th place; English: 99^th place)

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

cairn.info (Global: 574^th place; English: 2,035^th place)

core.ac.uk (Global: 1,383^rd place; English: 954^th place)

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

ed.gov (Global: 318^th place; English: 138^th place)

ghostarchive.org (Global: 64^th place; English: 28^th place)

jstor.org (Global: 23^rd place; English: 15^th place)

leidenuniv.nl (Global: 5,966^th place; English: 5,144^th place)

louvre.fr (Global: 2,319^th place; English: 3,479^th place)

mpg.de (Global: 1,722^nd place; English: 1,710^th place)

ox.ac.uk (Global: 541^st place; English: 356^th place)

persee.fr (Global: 310^th place; English: 770^th place)

researchgate.net (Global: 96^th place; English: 89^th place)

sacred-texts.com (Global: 1,277^th place; English: 997^th place)

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)

ub.edu (Global: 3,515^th place; English: 3,711^th place)

uchicago.edu (Global: 226^th place; English: 199^th place)

ucl.ac.uk (Global: 1,187^th place; English: 756^th place)

ucla.edu (Global: 885^th place; English: 584^th place)

umich.edu (Global: 429^th place; English: 307^th place)

universiteitleiden.nl (Global: 5,842^nd place; English: 5,472^nd place)

upenn.edu (Global: 784^th place; English: 498^th place)

utoronto.ca (Global: 1,483^rd place; English: 930^th place)

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

yale.edu (Global: 559^th place; English: 389^th place)