Sunlight (English Wikipedia)

Pedrotti & Pedrotti (1993). Introduction to Optics. Prentice Hall. ISBN 0-13-501545-6.
Buser, Pierre A.; Imbert, Michel (1992). Vision. MIT Press. p. 50. ISBN 978-0-262-02336-8. Retrieved 11 October 2013. Light is a special class of radiant energy embracing wavelengths between 400 and 700 nm (or mμ), or 4000 to 7000 Å.
MacAdam, David L. (1985). Color Measurement: Theme and Variations (Second Revised ed.). Springer. pp. 33–35. ISBN 0-387-15573-2.

arxiv.org (Global: 49^th place; English: 31^st place)

A. Albert (Aug 3, 2023). "Discovery of Gamma Rays from the Quiescent Sun with HAWC". Phys. Rev. Lett. 131 (5) 051201. arXiv:2212.00815. Bibcode:2023PhRvL.131e1201A. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.131.051201. PMID 37595214.
Vieira; et al. (2011). "Evolution of the solar irradiance during the Holocene". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 531: A6. arXiv:1103.4958. Bibcode:2011A&A...531A...6V. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201015843.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

Bell Burnell, S. Jocelyn (2004). An Introduction to the Sun and Stars (illustrated ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 56. ISBN 978-0-521-54622-5. Extract of page 56

cancer.org.au (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Risks and Benefits" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2010-11-20. Retrieved 2010-05-13.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Appleton, Edward V. (1945). "Departure of Long-Wave Solar Radiation from Black-Body Intensity". Nature. 156 (3966): 534–535. Bibcode:1945Natur.156..534A. doi:10.1038/156534b0.
Wilkinson, Ryan (3 August 2023). "Record-Breaking Detection of Solar Photons". Physics. 16 s107. Bibcode:2023PhyOJ..16.s107W. doi:10.1103/Physics.16.s107.
A. Albert (Aug 3, 2023). "Discovery of Gamma Rays from the Quiescent Sun with HAWC". Phys. Rev. Lett. 131 (5) 051201. arXiv:2212.00815. Bibcode:2023PhRvL.131e1201A. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.131.051201. PMID 37595214.
Gueymard, Christian A. (April 2004). "The sun's total and spectral irradiance for solar energy applications and solar radiation models". Solar Energy. 76 (4): 432. Bibcode:2004SoEn...76..423G. doi:10.1016/j.solener.2003.08.039.
Wacker M, Holick, MF (2013). "Sunlight and Vitamin D: A global perspective for health". Dermato-Endocrinology. 5 (1): 51–108. doi:10.4161/derm.24494. PMC 3897598. PMID 24494042.
Watson, M.; Holman, D. M.; Maguire-Eisen, M. (1 August 2017). "Ultraviolet Radiation Exposure and Its Impact on Skin Cancer Risk". Seminars in Oncology Nursing. 32 (3): 241–254. doi:10.1016/j.soncn.2016.05.005. PMC 5036351. PMID 27539279.
"The Unveiling of Venus: Hot and Stifling". Science News. 109 (25): 388–389. 1976-06-19. doi:10.2307/3960800. JSTOR 3960800. 100 watts per square meter ... 14,000 lux ... corresponds to ... daytime with overcast clouds
Wang; et al. (2005). "Modeling the Sun's Magnetic Field and Irradiance since 1713". The Astrophysical Journal. 625 (1): 522–538. Bibcode:2005ApJ...625..522W. doi:10.1086/429689.
Steinhilber; et al. (2009). "Total solar irradiance since 1996: is there a long-term variation unrelated to solar surface magnetic phenomena?". Geophysical Research Letters. 36: L19704. Bibcode:2010A&A...523A..39S. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/200811446.
Vieira; et al. (2011). "Evolution of the solar irradiance during the Holocene". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 531: A6. arXiv:1103.4958. Bibcode:2011A&A...531A...6V. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201015843.
Steinhilber; et al. (2012). "9,400 years of cosmic radiation and solar activity from ice cores and tree rings". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 109 (16): 5967–5971. Bibcode:2012PNAS..109.5967S. doi:10.1073/pnas.1118965109. PMC 3341045. PMID 22474348.
G. Kopp, Greg; J. Lean (2011). "A new, lower value of total solar irradiance: Evidence and climate significance". Geophys. Res. Lett. 38 (1): L01706. Bibcode:2011GeoRL..38.1706K. doi:10.1029/2010GL045777.
Willson, R. C.; Mordvinov, A. V. (2003). "Secular total solar irradiance trend during solar cycles 21–23". Geophys. Res. Lett. 30 (5): 1199. Bibcode:2003GeoRL..30.1199W. doi:10.1029/2002GL016038.
Chawda, Dishita; Shinde, Pranaykumar (2022-10-29). "Effects of Solar Radiation on the Eyes". Cureus. 14 (10) e30857. Bibcode:2022Cureu..1430857C. doi:10.7759/cureus.30857. PMC 9709587. PMID 36465785.
Mathes, Sonja; Lindwedel, Karla; Nilsen, Lill; Kaiser, Isabelle; Pfahlberg, Annette; Gefeller, Olaf (September 2023). "Global Tanning Bed Advertising: A Comparison of Legal Regulations on Three Continents" (PDF). Cancers (Research article). 15 (17): 4362. doi:10.3390/cancers15174362. PMC 10486637. PMID 37686637. Retrieved May 10, 2026.
Nguyen, Tien V.; Koo, John Y. M. (2014). "Ultraviolet Therapy for Psoriasis". Advances in Psoriasis. pp. 91–110. doi:10.1007/978-1-4471-4432-8_8. ISBN 978-1-4471-4431-1.
Alora, M. B. T.; Fitzpatrick, T. B.; Taylor, C. R. (1997-10-12). "Total body heliotherapy". Photodermatology, Photoimmunology & Photomedicine. 13 (5–6): 178–180. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0781.1997.tb00225.x. PMID 9542753.
Osborne JE; Hutchinson PE (August 2002). "Vitamin D and systemic cancer: is this relevant to malignant melanoma?". Br. J. Dermatol. 147 (2): 197–213. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2133.2002.04960.x. PMID 12174089.
John E; Schwartz G; Koo J; Van Den Berg D; et al. (June 15, 2005). "Sun Exposure, Vitamin D Receptor Gene Polymorphisms, and Risk of Advanced Prostate Cancer". Cancer Research. 65 (12): 5470–5479. doi:10.1158/0008-5472.can-04-3134. PMID 15958597.
Egan K; Sosman J; Blot W (February 2, 2005). "Sunlight and Reduced Risk of Cancer: Is The Real Story Vitamin D?". J Natl Cancer Inst. 97 (3): 161–163. doi:10.1093/jnci/dji047. PMID 15687354.
Mead MN (April 2008). "Benefits of sunlight: a bright spot for human health". Environmental Health Perspectives. 116 (4): A160–A167. Bibcode:2008EnvHP.116.a160M. doi:10.1289/ehp.116-a160. PMC 2290997. PMID 18414615.
Alfredsson, Lars; Armstrong, Bruce K.; Butterfield, D. Allan; Chowdhury, Rajiv; de Gruijl, Frank R.; Feelisch, Martin; Garland, Cedric F.; Hart, Prue H.; Hoel, David G.; Jacobsen, Ramune; Lindqvist, Pelle G.; Llewellyn, David J.; Tiemeier, Henning; Weller, Richard B.; Young, Antony R. (2020-07-13). "Insufficient Sun Exposure Has Become a Real Public Health Problem". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 17 (14): 5014. doi:10.3390/ijerph17145014. ISSN 1660-4601. PMC 7400257. PMID 32668607.
Lucas RM; Repacholi MH; McMichael AJ (June 2006). "Is the current public health message on UV exposure correct?". Bulletin of the World Health Organization. 84 (6): 485–491. doi:10.2471/BLT.05.026559. PMC 2627377. PMID 16799733.
Weller, RB (2016). "Sunlight Has Cardiovascular Benefits Independently of Vitamin D.". Blood Purification. 41 (1–3): 130–4. doi:10.1159/000441266. hdl:20.500.11820/8f7d93d4-db22-418d-a1cc-3dbf9ddad8c3. PMID 26766556.
Ries G, Heller W, Puchta H, Sandermann H, Seidlitz HK, Hohn B (2000). "Elevated UV-B radiation reduces genome stability in plants". Nature. 406 (6791): 98–101. Bibcode:2000Natur.406...98R. doi:10.1038/35017595. PMID 10894550.

fondriest.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Solar Radiation and Photosynethically Active Radiation". Fondriest Environmental. March 21, 2014. Retrieved 7 March 2025.

gatech.edu (Global: 4,205^th place; English: 2,374^th place)

curry.eas.gatech.edu

Qiang, Fu (2003). "Radiation (Solar)" (PDF). In Holton, James R. (ed.). Encyclopedia of atmospheric sciences. Vol. 5. Amsterdam: Academic Press. pp. 1859–1863. ISBN 978-0-12-227095-6. OCLC 249246073. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2012-11-01.

handprint.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

MacEvoy, Bruce (2008). color vision. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 27 August 2015. Noon sunlight (D55) has a nearly flat distribution...

hdl.handle.net (Global: 66^th place; English: 34^th place)

Weller, RB (2016). "Sunlight Has Cardiovascular Benefits Independently of Vitamin D.". Blood Purification. 41 (1–3): 130–4. doi:10.1159/000441266. hdl:20.500.11820/8f7d93d4-db22-418d-a1cc-3dbf9ddad8c3. PMID 26766556.

jstor.org (Global: 23^rd place; English: 15^th place)

"The Unveiling of Venus: Hot and Stifling". Science News. 109 (25): 388–389. 1976-06-19. doi:10.2307/3960800. JSTOR 3960800. 100 watts per square meter ... 14,000 lux ... corresponds to ... daytime with overcast clouds

kit.edu (Global: 520^th place; English: 7,067^th place)

publikationen.bibliothek.kit.edu

Ries G, Heller W, Puchta H, Sandermann H, Seidlitz HK, Hohn B (2000). "Elevated UV-B radiation reduces genome stability in plants". Nature. 406 (6791): 98–101. Bibcode:2000Natur.406...98R. doi:10.1038/35017595. PMID 10894550.

lib4ri.ch (Global: low place; English: low place)

dora.lib4ri.ch

Steinhilber; et al. (2009). "Total solar irradiance since 1996: is there a long-term variation unrelated to solar surface magnetic phenomena?". Geophysical Research Letters. 36: L19704. Bibcode:2010A&A...523A..39S. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/200811446.

nasa.gov (Global: 12^th place; English: 73^rd place)

earthobservatory.nasa.gov

"Climate and Earth's Energy Budget". earthobservatory.nasa.gov. 14 January 2009. Retrieved 2022-01-27.

sunearthday.nasa.gov

"The 8-minute travel time to Earth by sunlight hides a thousand-year journey that actually began in the core". SunEarthDay.NASA.gov. NASA. Archived from the original on 2012-01-22. Retrieved 2012-02-12.

solarsystem.nasa.gov

NASA Solar System Exploration – Sun: Facts & Figures Archived 2015-07-03 at the Wayback Machine retrieved 27 April 2011 "Effective Temperature ... 5777 K"

nasa.gov

Garner, Rob (24 January 2017). "Fermi Detects Solar Flare's Highest-Energy Light". Archived from the original on 17 May 2017. Retrieved 25 January 2018.

science.nasa.gov

"Visible Light | Science Mission Directorate". 10 August 2016.

atmospheres.gsfc.nasa.gov

"NASA Goddard Space Flight Center: Solar Radiation". Atmospheres.gsfc.nasa.gov. 2012-02-08. Archived from the original on 2011-09-20. Retrieved 2012-02-12.

newport.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Introduction to Solar Radiation". Newport Corporation. Archived from the original on October 29, 2013.

newscientist.com (Global: 1,041^st place; English: 901^st place)

Leah Crane (Aug 3, 2023). "Astronomers have spotted inexplicably bright light coming from the sun". New Scientist.

nih.gov (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

A. Albert (Aug 3, 2023). "Discovery of Gamma Rays from the Quiescent Sun with HAWC". Phys. Rev. Lett. 131 (5) 051201. arXiv:2212.00815. Bibcode:2023PhRvL.131e1201A. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.131.051201. PMID 37595214.
Wacker M, Holick, MF (2013). "Sunlight and Vitamin D: A global perspective for health". Dermato-Endocrinology. 5 (1): 51–108. doi:10.4161/derm.24494. PMC 3897598. PMID 24494042.
Watson, M.; Holman, D. M.; Maguire-Eisen, M. (1 August 2017). "Ultraviolet Radiation Exposure and Its Impact on Skin Cancer Risk". Seminars in Oncology Nursing. 32 (3): 241–254. doi:10.1016/j.soncn.2016.05.005. PMC 5036351. PMID 27539279.
Steinhilber; et al. (2012). "9,400 years of cosmic radiation and solar activity from ice cores and tree rings". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 109 (16): 5967–5971. Bibcode:2012PNAS..109.5967S. doi:10.1073/pnas.1118965109. PMC 3341045. PMID 22474348.
Chawda, Dishita; Shinde, Pranaykumar (2022-10-29). "Effects of Solar Radiation on the Eyes". Cureus. 14 (10) e30857. Bibcode:2022Cureu..1430857C. doi:10.7759/cureus.30857. PMC 9709587. PMID 36465785.
Mathes, Sonja; Lindwedel, Karla; Nilsen, Lill; Kaiser, Isabelle; Pfahlberg, Annette; Gefeller, Olaf (September 2023). "Global Tanning Bed Advertising: A Comparison of Legal Regulations on Three Continents" (PDF). Cancers (Research article). 15 (17): 4362. doi:10.3390/cancers15174362. PMC 10486637. PMID 37686637. Retrieved May 10, 2026.
Alora, M. B. T.; Fitzpatrick, T. B.; Taylor, C. R. (1997-10-12). "Total body heliotherapy". Photodermatology, Photoimmunology & Photomedicine. 13 (5–6): 178–180. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0781.1997.tb00225.x. PMID 9542753.
Osborne JE; Hutchinson PE (August 2002). "Vitamin D and systemic cancer: is this relevant to malignant melanoma?". Br. J. Dermatol. 147 (2): 197–213. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2133.2002.04960.x. PMID 12174089.
Cranney A; Horsley T; O'Donnell S; Weiler H; et al. (August 2007). "Effectiveness and safety of vitamin D in relation to bone health". Evidence Report/Technology Assessment (158): 1–235. PMC 4781354. PMID 18088161.
John E; Schwartz G; Koo J; Van Den Berg D; et al. (June 15, 2005). "Sun Exposure, Vitamin D Receptor Gene Polymorphisms, and Risk of Advanced Prostate Cancer". Cancer Research. 65 (12): 5470–5479. doi:10.1158/0008-5472.can-04-3134. PMID 15958597.
Egan K; Sosman J; Blot W (February 2, 2005). "Sunlight and Reduced Risk of Cancer: Is The Real Story Vitamin D?". J Natl Cancer Inst. 97 (3): 161–163. doi:10.1093/jnci/dji047. PMID 15687354.
Mead MN (April 2008). "Benefits of sunlight: a bright spot for human health". Environmental Health Perspectives. 116 (4): A160–A167. Bibcode:2008EnvHP.116.a160M. doi:10.1289/ehp.116-a160. PMC 2290997. PMID 18414615.
Alfredsson, Lars; Armstrong, Bruce K.; Butterfield, D. Allan; Chowdhury, Rajiv; de Gruijl, Frank R.; Feelisch, Martin; Garland, Cedric F.; Hart, Prue H.; Hoel, David G.; Jacobsen, Ramune; Lindqvist, Pelle G.; Llewellyn, David J.; Tiemeier, Henning; Weller, Richard B.; Young, Antony R. (2020-07-13). "Insufficient Sun Exposure Has Become a Real Public Health Problem". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 17 (14): 5014. doi:10.3390/ijerph17145014. ISSN 1660-4601. PMC 7400257. PMID 32668607.
Lucas RM; Repacholi MH; McMichael AJ (June 2006). "Is the current public health message on UV exposure correct?". Bulletin of the World Health Organization. 84 (6): 485–491. doi:10.2471/BLT.05.026559. PMC 2627377. PMID 16799733.
Weller, RB (2016). "Sunlight Has Cardiovascular Benefits Independently of Vitamin D.". Blood Purification. 41 (1–3): 130–4. doi:10.1159/000441266. hdl:20.500.11820/8f7d93d4-db22-418d-a1cc-3dbf9ddad8c3. PMID 26766556.
Ries G, Heller W, Puchta H, Sandermann H, Seidlitz HK, Hohn B (2000). "Elevated UV-B radiation reduces genome stability in plants". Nature. 406 (6791): 98–101. Bibcode:2000Natur.406...98R. doi:10.1038/35017595. PMID 10894550.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Wacker M, Holick, MF (2013). "Sunlight and Vitamin D: A global perspective for health". Dermato-Endocrinology. 5 (1): 51–108. doi:10.4161/derm.24494. PMC 3897598. PMID 24494042.
Watson, M.; Holman, D. M.; Maguire-Eisen, M. (1 August 2017). "Ultraviolet Radiation Exposure and Its Impact on Skin Cancer Risk". Seminars in Oncology Nursing. 32 (3): 241–254. doi:10.1016/j.soncn.2016.05.005. PMC 5036351. PMID 27539279.
Steinhilber; et al. (2012). "9,400 years of cosmic radiation and solar activity from ice cores and tree rings". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 109 (16): 5967–5971. Bibcode:2012PNAS..109.5967S. doi:10.1073/pnas.1118965109. PMC 3341045. PMID 22474348.
Chawda, Dishita; Shinde, Pranaykumar (2022-10-29). "Effects of Solar Radiation on the Eyes". Cureus. 14 (10) e30857. Bibcode:2022Cureu..1430857C. doi:10.7759/cureus.30857. PMC 9709587. PMID 36465785.
Mathes, Sonja; Lindwedel, Karla; Nilsen, Lill; Kaiser, Isabelle; Pfahlberg, Annette; Gefeller, Olaf (September 2023). "Global Tanning Bed Advertising: A Comparison of Legal Regulations on Three Continents" (PDF). Cancers (Research article). 15 (17): 4362. doi:10.3390/cancers15174362. PMC 10486637. PMID 37686637. Retrieved May 10, 2026.
Cranney A; Horsley T; O'Donnell S; Weiler H; et al. (August 2007). "Effectiveness and safety of vitamin D in relation to bone health". Evidence Report/Technology Assessment (158): 1–235. PMC 4781354. PMID 18088161.
Mead MN (April 2008). "Benefits of sunlight: a bright spot for human health". Environmental Health Perspectives. 116 (4): A160–A167. Bibcode:2008EnvHP.116.a160M. doi:10.1289/ehp.116-a160. PMC 2290997. PMID 18414615.
Alfredsson, Lars; Armstrong, Bruce K.; Butterfield, D. Allan; Chowdhury, Rajiv; de Gruijl, Frank R.; Feelisch, Martin; Garland, Cedric F.; Hart, Prue H.; Hoel, David G.; Jacobsen, Ramune; Lindqvist, Pelle G.; Llewellyn, David J.; Tiemeier, Henning; Weller, Richard B.; Young, Antony R. (2020-07-13). "Insufficient Sun Exposure Has Become a Real Public Health Problem". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 17 (14): 5014. doi:10.3390/ijerph17145014. ISSN 1660-4601. PMC 7400257. PMID 32668607.
Lucas RM; Repacholi MH; McMichael AJ (June 2006). "Is the current public health message on UV exposure correct?". Bulletin of the World Health Organization. 84 (6): 485–491. doi:10.2471/BLT.05.026559. PMC 2627377. PMID 16799733.

dietary-supplements.info.nih.gov

"Dietary Supplement Fact Sheet: Vitamin D". Office of Dietary Supplements, National Institutes of Health. Archived from the original on 2007-07-16.

ntp.niehs.nih.gov

"13th Report on Carcinogens: Ultraviolet-Radiation-Related Exposures" (PDF). National Toxicology Program. October 2014. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2014-12-22. Retrieved 2014-12-22.

nrel.gov (Global: 9,555^th place; English: 6,483^rd place)

Calculated from data in "Reference Solar Spectral Irradiance: Air Mass 1.5". National Renewable Energy Laboratory. Archived from the original on September 28, 2013. Retrieved 2009-11-12.
The first of each set of two figures is for total solar radiation reaching a panel aimed at the Sun (which is 42° above the horizon), whereas the second figure of each pair is the "direct plus circumsolar" radiation (circumsolar meaning coming from the part of the sky within a couple degrees of the Sun). The totals, from 280 to 4000 nm, are 1000.4 and 900.1 W/m² respectively. It would be good to have more direct figures from a good source, rather than summing thousands of numbers in a database.

oceanopticsbook.info (Global: low place; English: low place)

Mobley, Curtis. "A Common Misconception". Ocean Optics. Retrieved 6 March 2025.

pmodwrc.ch (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Construction of a Composite Total Solar Irradiance (TSI) Time Series from 1978 to present". Archived from the original on 2011-08-30. Retrieved 2005-10-05.

pvlighthouse.com.au (Global: low place; English: low place)

See video referenced in the sentence "For more details about the comparison of the black body with the AM0 spectrum, see this video" at Pietro Altermatt. "The Extraterrestrial Spectrum". PV Lighthouse. PV Lighthouse Pty. Ltd.

researchgate.net (Global: 96^th place; English: 89^th place)

Mathes, Sonja; Lindwedel, Karla; Nilsen, Lill; Kaiser, Isabelle; Pfahlberg, Annette; Gefeller, Olaf (September 2023). "Global Tanning Bed Advertising: A Comparison of Legal Regulations on Three Continents" (PDF). Cancers (Research article). 15 (17): 4362. doi:10.3390/cancers15174362. PMC 10486637. PMID 37686637. Retrieved May 10, 2026.

starhop.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Solar Intensity" (PDF). McAuliffe-Shepard Discovery Center. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-11-22.

state.il.us (Global: 5,114^th place; English: 2,573^rd place)

museum.state.il.us

"Graph of variation of seasonal and latitudinal distribution of solar radiation". Museum.state.il.us. 2007-08-30. Archived from the original on 2012-01-12. Retrieved 2012-02-12.

telemedicine.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Naylor, Mark; Kevin C. Farmer (1995). "Sun damage and prevention". Electronic Textbook of Dermatology. The Internet Dermatology Society. Archived from the original on 2008-07-05. Retrieved 2008-06-02.

uoregon.edu (Global: 3,189^th place; English: 1,887^th place)

zebu.uoregon.edu

"Basics of Solar Energy". Archived from the original on 2016-11-28. Retrieved 2016-12-06.

usda.gov (Global: 512^th place; English: 322^nd place)

fs.usda.gov

John Buffo; Leo J. Fritschen; James L. Murphy (1972). "Direct Solar Radiation On Various Slopes From 0 To 60 Degrees North Latitude" (PDF). Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station, Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Portland, Oregon, USA. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2013-11-27. Retrieved 15 Jan 2014.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

"Basics of Solar Energy". Archived from the original on 2016-11-28. Retrieved 2016-12-06.
"The 8-minute travel time to Earth by sunlight hides a thousand-year journey that actually began in the core". SunEarthDay.NASA.gov. NASA. Archived from the original on 2012-01-22. Retrieved 2012-02-12.
"Introduction to Solar Radiation". Newport Corporation. Archived from the original on October 29, 2013.
Calculated from data in "Reference Solar Spectral Irradiance: Air Mass 1.5". National Renewable Energy Laboratory. Archived from the original on September 28, 2013. Retrieved 2009-11-12.
The first of each set of two figures is for total solar radiation reaching a panel aimed at the Sun (which is 42° above the horizon), whereas the second figure of each pair is the "direct plus circumsolar" radiation (circumsolar meaning coming from the part of the sky within a couple degrees of the Sun). The totals, from 280 to 4000 nm, are 1000.4 and 900.1 W/m² respectively. It would be good to have more direct figures from a good source, rather than summing thousands of numbers in a database.
Qiang, Fu (2003). "Radiation (Solar)" (PDF). In Holton, James R. (ed.). Encyclopedia of atmospheric sciences. Vol. 5. Amsterdam: Academic Press. pp. 1859–1863. ISBN 978-0-12-227095-6. OCLC 249246073. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2012-11-01.
NASA Solar System Exploration – Sun: Facts & Figures Archived 2015-07-03 at the Wayback Machine retrieved 27 April 2011 "Effective Temperature ... 5777 K"
Garner, Rob (24 January 2017). "Fermi Detects Solar Flare's Highest-Energy Light". Archived from the original on 17 May 2017. Retrieved 25 January 2018.
"The Multispectral Sun, from the National Earth Science Teachers Association". Windows2universe.org. 2007-04-18. Archived from the original on 2012-02-29. Retrieved 2012-02-12.
Naylor, Mark; Kevin C. Farmer (1995). "Sun damage and prevention". Electronic Textbook of Dermatology. The Internet Dermatology Society. Archived from the original on 2008-07-05. Retrieved 2008-06-02.
John Buffo; Leo J. Fritschen; James L. Murphy (1972). "Direct Solar Radiation On Various Slopes From 0 To 60 Degrees North Latitude" (PDF). Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station, Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Portland, Oregon, USA. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2013-11-27. Retrieved 15 Jan 2014.
"Solar Intensity" (PDF). McAuliffe-Shepard Discovery Center. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-11-22.
"Graph of variation of seasonal and latitudinal distribution of solar radiation". Museum.state.il.us. 2007-08-30. Archived from the original on 2012-01-12. Retrieved 2012-02-12.
"Graphics Gallery". Acrim.com. Archived from the original on 2014-05-02. Retrieved 2014-04-21.
"Satellite observations of total solar irradiance". Acrim.com. Archived from the original on 2003-02-04. Retrieved 2012-02-12.
"Construction of a Composite Total Solar Irradiance (TSI) Time Series from 1978 to present". Archived from the original on 2011-08-30. Retrieved 2005-10-05.
"Current Projects". www.acrim.com. Archived from the original on 16 October 2017. Retrieved 25 January 2018.
"Comparison: ACRIMSAT/ACRIM3, SOHO/VIRGO and SORCE/TIM results". ACRIM.com. Archived from the original on 16 October 2017. Retrieved 25 January 2018.
"Comparison: ACRIMSAT/ACRIM3, SOHO/VIRGO and SORCE/TIM results". ACRIM.com. Archived from the original on 2013-05-30. Retrieved 2013-03-14.
Craig Bohren. "Atmospheric Optics" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2013-12-06.
MacEvoy, Bruce (2008). color vision. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 27 August 2015. Noon sunlight (D55) has a nearly flat distribution...
"Dietary Supplement Fact Sheet: Vitamin D". Office of Dietary Supplements, National Institutes of Health. Archived from the original on 2007-07-16.
"13th Report on Carcinogens: Ultraviolet-Radiation-Related Exposures" (PDF). National Toxicology Program. October 2014. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2014-12-22. Retrieved 2014-12-22.
"Risks and Benefits" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2010-11-20. Retrieved 2010-05-13.

who.int (Global: 213^th place; English: 314^th place)

World Health Organization (9 March 2016). "Radiation: Ultraviolet (UV) radiation". Retrieved 2023-02-08.

wikiwix.com (Global: 103^rd place; English: 872^nd place)

archive.wikiwix.com

"NASA Goddard Space Flight Center: Solar Radiation". Atmospheres.gsfc.nasa.gov. 2012-02-08. Archived from the original on 2011-09-20. Retrieved 2012-02-12.

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"The Multispectral Sun, from the National Earth Science Teachers Association". Windows2universe.org. 2007-04-18. Archived from the original on 2012-02-29. Retrieved 2012-02-12.

wmich.edu (Global: low place; English: 7,362^nd place)

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Craig Bohren. "Atmospheric Optics" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2013-12-06.

worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

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Qiang, Fu (2003). "Radiation (Solar)" (PDF). In Holton, James R. (ed.). Encyclopedia of atmospheric sciences. Vol. 5. Amsterdam: Academic Press. pp. 1859–1863. ISBN 978-0-12-227095-6. OCLC 249246073. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2012-11-01.
Alfredsson, Lars; Armstrong, Bruce K.; Butterfield, D. Allan; Chowdhury, Rajiv; de Gruijl, Frank R.; Feelisch, Martin; Garland, Cedric F.; Hart, Prue H.; Hoel, David G.; Jacobsen, Ramune; Lindqvist, Pelle G.; Llewellyn, David J.; Tiemeier, Henning; Weller, Richard B.; Young, Antony R. (2020-07-13). "Insufficient Sun Exposure Has Become a Real Public Health Problem". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 17 (14): 5014. doi:10.3390/ijerph17145014. ISSN 1660-4601. PMC 7400257. PMID 32668607.

Sunlight (English Wikipedia)

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arxiv.org (Global: 49^th place; English: 31^st place)

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