Superbase (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Superbase" in English language version.

Last modified: 15:34:49, 20 November 2025 (UTC)

Ref.Un. Ref.Website

Global rank English rank

2421doi.org

2^nd place

1614nih.gov

5^th place

97semanticscholar.org

15^th place

8^th place

55worldcat.org

4^th place

32adsabs.harvard.edu

14^th place

9^th place

22acs.org

865^th place

887^th place

22rsc.org

2,104^th place

1,855^th place

22wiley.com

150^th place

174^th place

11web.archive.org

1^st place

11bbc.co.uk

11^th place

10^th place

11iupac.org

1,291^st place

1,832^nd place

11irb.hr

8,570^th place

9,226^th place

acs.org (Global: 865^th place; English: 887^th place)

pubs.acs.org

Maksić, Zvonimir B.; Kovačević, Borislav; Vianello, Robert (2012-10-10). "Advances in Determining the Absolute Proton Affinities of Neutral Organic Molecules in the Gas Phase and Their Interpretation: A Theoretical Account". Chemical Reviews. 112 (10): 5240–5270. doi:10.1021/cr100458v. ISSN 0009-2665. PMID 22857519.
Barić, Danijela; Dragičević, Ivan; Kovačević, Borislav (2013-04-19). "Design of Superbasic Guanidines: The Role of Multiple Intramolecular Hydrogen Bonds". The Journal of Organic Chemistry. 78 (8): 4075–4082. doi:10.1021/jo400396d. ISSN 0022-3263. PMID 23445344.

adsabs.harvard.edu (Global: 14^th place; English: 9^th place)

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Kulsha, Andrey; Ragoyja, Ekaterina; Ivashkevich, Oleg (2022). "Strong Bases Design: Predicted Limits of Basicity". J. Phys. Chem. A. 126 (23): 3642–3652. Bibcode:2022JPCA..126.3642K. doi:10.1021/acs.jpca.2c00521. PMID 35657384. S2CID 249313043.
MacMillan, David W. C. (2008). "The advent and development of organocatalysis". Nature. 455 (7211): 304–308. Bibcode:2008Natur.455..304M. doi:10.1038/nature07367. PMID 18800128. S2CID 205215034.

bbc.co.uk (Global: 11^th place; English: 10^th place)

"BBC - h2g2 - History of Chemistry - Acids and Bases". Archived from the original on April 18, 2003. Retrieved 2009-08-30.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Puleo, Thomas R.; Sujansky, Stephen J.; Wright, Shawn E.; Bandar, Jeffrey S. (2021). "Organic Superbases in Recent Synthetic Methodology Research". Chemistry – A European Journal. 27 (13): 4216–4229. doi:10.1002/chem.202003580. PMID 32841442. S2CID 221326865.
Pozharskii, Alexander F.; Ozeryanskii, Valery A. (2012). "Proton Sponges and Hydrogen Transfer Phenomena". Mendeleev Communications. 22 (3): 117–124. doi:10.1016/j.mencom.2012.05.001.
IUPAC, Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 5th ed. (the "Gold Book") (2025). Online version: (2006–) "superacid". doi:10.1351/goldbook.S06135
Raczynska, Ewa D.; Decouzon, Michele; Gal, Jean-Francois; Maria, Pierre-Charles; Wozniak, Krzysztof; Kurg, Rhio; Carins, Stuart N. (3 June 2010). "ChemInform Abstract: Superbases and Superacids in the Gas Phase". ChemInform. 31 (33): no. doi:10.1002/chin.200033267.
Maksić, Zvonimir B.; Kovačević, Borislav; Vianello, Robert (2012-10-10). "Advances in Determining the Absolute Proton Affinities of Neutral Organic Molecules in the Gas Phase and Their Interpretation: A Theoretical Account". Chemical Reviews. 112 (10): 5240–5270. doi:10.1021/cr100458v. ISSN 0009-2665. PMID 22857519.
Formica, Michele; Rozsar, Daniel; Su, Guanglong; Farley, Alistair J. M.; Dixon, Darren J. (2020). "Bifunctional Iminophosphorane Superbase Catalysis: Applications in Organic Synthesis". Accounts of Chemical Research. 53 (10): 2235–2247. doi:10.1021/acs.accounts.0c00369. PMID 32886474. S2CID 221503523.
Vazdar, Katarina; Margetić, Davor; Kovačević, Borislav; Sundermeyer, Jörg; Leito, Ivo; Jahn, Ullrich (2021). "Design of Novel Uncharged Organic Superbases: Merging Basicity and Functionality". Accounts of Chemical Research. 54 (15): 3108–3123. doi:10.1021/acs.accounts.1c00297. PMID 34308625. S2CID 236430307.
Kulsha, Andrey; Ragoyja, Ekaterina; Ivashkevich, Oleg (2022). "Strong Bases Design: Predicted Limits of Basicity". J. Phys. Chem. A. 126 (23): 3642–3652. Bibcode:2022JPCA..126.3642K. doi:10.1021/acs.jpca.2c00521. PMID 35657384. S2CID 249313043.
Klett, Jan (2021). "Structural Motifs of Alkali Metal Superbases in Non‐coordinating Solvents". Chemistry – A European Journal. 27 (3): 888–904. doi:10.1002/chem.202002812. PMC 7839563. PMID 33165981.
Caubère, P (1993). "Unimetal Super Bases". Chemical Reviews. 93 (6): 2317–2334. doi:10.1021/cr00022a012.
Verkade, John G.; Urgaonkar, Sameer (2012). "Proazaphosphatrane". Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis. doi:10.1002/047084289X.rn00702.pub2. ISBN 978-0471936237.
Barić, Danijela; Dragičević, Ivan; Kovačević, Borislav (2013-04-19). "Design of Superbasic Guanidines: The Role of Multiple Intramolecular Hydrogen Bonds". The Journal of Organic Chemistry. 78 (8): 4075–4082. doi:10.1021/jo400396d. ISSN 0022-3263. PMID 23445344.
Kovačević, Borislav; Maksić, Zvonimir B. (2006). "High basicity of phosphorus–proton affinity of tris-(tetramethylguanidinyl)phosphine and tris-(hexamethyltriaminophosphazenyl)phosphine by DFT calculations". Chemical Communications (14): 1524–1526. doi:10.1039/b517349c. ISSN 1359-7345. PMID 16575448.
Ullrich, Sebastian; Kovačević, Borislav; Xie, Xiulan; Sundermeyer, Jörg (2019). "Phosphazenyl Phosphines: The Most Electron-Rich Uncharged Phosphorus Brønsted and Lewis Bases". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 58 (30): 10335–10339. doi:10.1002/anie.201903342. ISSN 1521-3773. PMID 31037821. S2CID 140304424.
Mehlmann, Paul; Mück-Lichtenfeld, Christian; Tan, Tristan T. Y.; Dielmann, Fabian (2017-05-02). "Tris(imidazolin-2-ylidenamino)phosphine: A Crystalline Phosphorus(III) Superbase That Splits Carbon Dioxide". Chemistry - A European Journal. 23 (25): 5929–5933. doi:10.1002/chem.201604971. PMID 27779340.
Ullrich, Sebastian; Kovačević, Borislav; Koch, Björn; Harms, Klaus; Sundermeyer, Jörg (2019). "Design of non-ionic carbon superbases: second generation carbodiphosphoranes". Chemical Science. 10 (41): 9483–9492. doi:10.1039/C9SC03565F. ISSN 2041-6520. PMC 6993619. PMID 32055322.
MacMillan, David W. C. (2008). "The advent and development of organocatalysis". Nature. 455 (7211): 304–308. Bibcode:2008Natur.455..304M. doi:10.1038/nature07367. PMID 18800128. S2CID 205215034.
Ishikawa, Tsutomu, ed. (2009). Superbases for Organic Synthesis: Guanidines, Amidines, Phosphazenes and Related Organocatalysts. John Wiley & Sons. doi:10.1002/9780470740859. ISBN 9780470740859.
Jianshe Kong, Tao Meng, Pauline Ting, and Jesse Wong (2010). "Preparation of Ethyl 1-Benzyl-4-Fluoropiperidine-4-Carboxylate". Organic Syntheses. 87: 137. doi:10.15227/orgsyn.087.0137.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Trofimov, B.A.; Schmidt, E.Yu. (2022). "Superbases in Organic Synthesis". Chemical Problems. 20 (4): 325–340. doi:10.32737/2221-8688-2022-3-325-340. S2CID 253832800.
Schlosser, M. (1988). "Superbases for organic synthesis". Pure Appl. Chem. 60 (11): 1627–1634. doi:10.1351/pac198860111627.

irb.hr (Global: 8,570^th place; English: 9,226^th place)

fulir.irb.hr

Vazdar, Katarina; Margetić, Davor; Kovačević, Borislav; Sundermeyer, Jörg; Leito, Ivo; Jahn, Ullrich (2021). "Design of Novel Uncharged Organic Superbases: Merging Basicity and Functionality". Accounts of Chemical Research. 54 (15): 3108–3123. doi:10.1021/acs.accounts.1c00297. PMID 34308625. S2CID 236430307.

iupac.org (Global: 1,291^st place; English: 1,832^nd place)

goldbook.iupac.org

IUPAC, Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 5th ed. (the "Gold Book") (2025). Online version: (2006–) "superacid". doi:10.1351/goldbook.S06135

nih.gov (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Puleo, Thomas R.; Sujansky, Stephen J.; Wright, Shawn E.; Bandar, Jeffrey S. (2021). "Organic Superbases in Recent Synthetic Methodology Research". Chemistry – A European Journal. 27 (13): 4216–4229. doi:10.1002/chem.202003580. PMID 32841442. S2CID 221326865.
Maksić, Zvonimir B.; Kovačević, Borislav; Vianello, Robert (2012-10-10). "Advances in Determining the Absolute Proton Affinities of Neutral Organic Molecules in the Gas Phase and Their Interpretation: A Theoretical Account". Chemical Reviews. 112 (10): 5240–5270. doi:10.1021/cr100458v. ISSN 0009-2665. PMID 22857519.
Formica, Michele; Rozsar, Daniel; Su, Guanglong; Farley, Alistair J. M.; Dixon, Darren J. (2020). "Bifunctional Iminophosphorane Superbase Catalysis: Applications in Organic Synthesis". Accounts of Chemical Research. 53 (10): 2235–2247. doi:10.1021/acs.accounts.0c00369. PMID 32886474. S2CID 221503523.
Vazdar, Katarina; Margetić, Davor; Kovačević, Borislav; Sundermeyer, Jörg; Leito, Ivo; Jahn, Ullrich (2021). "Design of Novel Uncharged Organic Superbases: Merging Basicity and Functionality". Accounts of Chemical Research. 54 (15): 3108–3123. doi:10.1021/acs.accounts.1c00297. PMID 34308625. S2CID 236430307.
Kulsha, Andrey; Ragoyja, Ekaterina; Ivashkevich, Oleg (2022). "Strong Bases Design: Predicted Limits of Basicity". J. Phys. Chem. A. 126 (23): 3642–3652. Bibcode:2022JPCA..126.3642K. doi:10.1021/acs.jpca.2c00521. PMID 35657384. S2CID 249313043.
Klett, Jan (2021). "Structural Motifs of Alkali Metal Superbases in Non‐coordinating Solvents". Chemistry – A European Journal. 27 (3): 888–904. doi:10.1002/chem.202002812. PMC 7839563. PMID 33165981.
Barić, Danijela; Dragičević, Ivan; Kovačević, Borislav (2013-04-19). "Design of Superbasic Guanidines: The Role of Multiple Intramolecular Hydrogen Bonds". The Journal of Organic Chemistry. 78 (8): 4075–4082. doi:10.1021/jo400396d. ISSN 0022-3263. PMID 23445344.
Kovačević, Borislav; Maksić, Zvonimir B. (2006). "High basicity of phosphorus–proton affinity of tris-(tetramethylguanidinyl)phosphine and tris-(hexamethyltriaminophosphazenyl)phosphine by DFT calculations". Chemical Communications (14): 1524–1526. doi:10.1039/b517349c. ISSN 1359-7345. PMID 16575448.
Ullrich, Sebastian; Kovačević, Borislav; Xie, Xiulan; Sundermeyer, Jörg (2019). "Phosphazenyl Phosphines: The Most Electron-Rich Uncharged Phosphorus Brønsted and Lewis Bases". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 58 (30): 10335–10339. doi:10.1002/anie.201903342. ISSN 1521-3773. PMID 31037821. S2CID 140304424.
Mehlmann, Paul; Mück-Lichtenfeld, Christian; Tan, Tristan T. Y.; Dielmann, Fabian (2017-05-02). "Tris(imidazolin-2-ylidenamino)phosphine: A Crystalline Phosphorus(III) Superbase That Splits Carbon Dioxide". Chemistry - A European Journal. 23 (25): 5929–5933. doi:10.1002/chem.201604971. PMID 27779340.
Ullrich, Sebastian; Kovačević, Borislav; Koch, Björn; Harms, Klaus; Sundermeyer, Jörg (2019). "Design of non-ionic carbon superbases: second generation carbodiphosphoranes". Chemical Science. 10 (41): 9483–9492. doi:10.1039/C9SC03565F. ISSN 2041-6520. PMC 6993619. PMID 32055322.
MacMillan, David W. C. (2008). "The advent and development of organocatalysis". Nature. 455 (7211): 304–308. Bibcode:2008Natur.455..304M. doi:10.1038/nature07367. PMID 18800128. S2CID 205215034.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Klett, Jan (2021). "Structural Motifs of Alkali Metal Superbases in Non‐coordinating Solvents". Chemistry – A European Journal. 27 (3): 888–904. doi:10.1002/chem.202002812. PMC 7839563. PMID 33165981.
Ullrich, Sebastian; Kovačević, Borislav; Koch, Björn; Harms, Klaus; Sundermeyer, Jörg (2019). "Design of non-ionic carbon superbases: second generation carbodiphosphoranes". Chemical Science. 10 (41): 9483–9492. doi:10.1039/C9SC03565F. ISSN 2041-6520. PMC 6993619. PMID 32055322.

rsc.org (Global: 2,104^th place; English: 1,855^th place)

xlink.rsc.org

Kovačević, Borislav; Maksić, Zvonimir B. (2006). "High basicity of phosphorus–proton affinity of tris-(tetramethylguanidinyl)phosphine and tris-(hexamethyltriaminophosphazenyl)phosphine by DFT calculations". Chemical Communications (14): 1524–1526. doi:10.1039/b517349c. ISSN 1359-7345. PMID 16575448.
Ullrich, Sebastian; Kovačević, Borislav; Koch, Björn; Harms, Klaus; Sundermeyer, Jörg (2019). "Design of non-ionic carbon superbases: second generation carbodiphosphoranes". Chemical Science. 10 (41): 9483–9492. doi:10.1039/C9SC03565F. ISSN 2041-6520. PMC 6993619. PMID 32055322.

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

Puleo, Thomas R.; Sujansky, Stephen J.; Wright, Shawn E.; Bandar, Jeffrey S. (2021). "Organic Superbases in Recent Synthetic Methodology Research". Chemistry – A European Journal. 27 (13): 4216–4229. doi:10.1002/chem.202003580. PMID 32841442. S2CID 221326865.
Formica, Michele; Rozsar, Daniel; Su, Guanglong; Farley, Alistair J. M.; Dixon, Darren J. (2020). "Bifunctional Iminophosphorane Superbase Catalysis: Applications in Organic Synthesis". Accounts of Chemical Research. 53 (10): 2235–2247. doi:10.1021/acs.accounts.0c00369. PMID 32886474. S2CID 221503523.
Vazdar, Katarina; Margetić, Davor; Kovačević, Borislav; Sundermeyer, Jörg; Leito, Ivo; Jahn, Ullrich (2021). "Design of Novel Uncharged Organic Superbases: Merging Basicity and Functionality". Accounts of Chemical Research. 54 (15): 3108–3123. doi:10.1021/acs.accounts.1c00297. PMID 34308625. S2CID 236430307.
Kulsha, Andrey; Ragoyja, Ekaterina; Ivashkevich, Oleg (2022). "Strong Bases Design: Predicted Limits of Basicity". J. Phys. Chem. A. 126 (23): 3642–3652. Bibcode:2022JPCA..126.3642K. doi:10.1021/acs.jpca.2c00521. PMID 35657384. S2CID 249313043.
Ullrich, Sebastian; Kovačević, Borislav; Xie, Xiulan; Sundermeyer, Jörg (2019). "Phosphazenyl Phosphines: The Most Electron-Rich Uncharged Phosphorus Brønsted and Lewis Bases". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 58 (30): 10335–10339. doi:10.1002/anie.201903342. ISSN 1521-3773. PMID 31037821. S2CID 140304424.
MacMillan, David W. C. (2008). "The advent and development of organocatalysis". Nature. 455 (7211): 304–308. Bibcode:2008Natur.455..304M. doi:10.1038/nature07367. PMID 18800128. S2CID 205215034.
Trofimov, B.A.; Schmidt, E.Yu. (2022). "Superbases in Organic Synthesis". Chemical Problems. 20 (4): 325–340. doi:10.32737/2221-8688-2022-3-325-340. S2CID 253832800.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

"BBC - h2g2 - History of Chemistry - Acids and Bases". Archived from the original on April 18, 2003. Retrieved 2009-08-30.

wiley.com (Global: 150^th place; English: 174^th place)

onlinelibrary.wiley.com

Ullrich, Sebastian; Kovačević, Borislav; Xie, Xiulan; Sundermeyer, Jörg (2019). "Phosphazenyl Phosphines: The Most Electron-Rich Uncharged Phosphorus Brønsted and Lewis Bases". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 58 (30): 10335–10339. doi:10.1002/anie.201903342. ISSN 1521-3773. PMID 31037821. S2CID 140304424.

doi.wiley.com

Mehlmann, Paul; Mück-Lichtenfeld, Christian; Tan, Tristan T. Y.; Dielmann, Fabian (2017-05-02). "Tris(imidazolin-2-ylidenamino)phosphine: A Crystalline Phosphorus(III) Superbase That Splits Carbon Dioxide". Chemistry - A European Journal. 23 (25): 5929–5933. doi:10.1002/chem.201604971. PMID 27779340.

worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

search.worldcat.org

Maksić, Zvonimir B.; Kovačević, Borislav; Vianello, Robert (2012-10-10). "Advances in Determining the Absolute Proton Affinities of Neutral Organic Molecules in the Gas Phase and Their Interpretation: A Theoretical Account". Chemical Reviews. 112 (10): 5240–5270. doi:10.1021/cr100458v. ISSN 0009-2665. PMID 22857519.
Barić, Danijela; Dragičević, Ivan; Kovačević, Borislav (2013-04-19). "Design of Superbasic Guanidines: The Role of Multiple Intramolecular Hydrogen Bonds". The Journal of Organic Chemistry. 78 (8): 4075–4082. doi:10.1021/jo400396d. ISSN 0022-3263. PMID 23445344.
Kovačević, Borislav; Maksić, Zvonimir B. (2006). "High basicity of phosphorus–proton affinity of tris-(tetramethylguanidinyl)phosphine and tris-(hexamethyltriaminophosphazenyl)phosphine by DFT calculations". Chemical Communications (14): 1524–1526. doi:10.1039/b517349c. ISSN 1359-7345. PMID 16575448.
Ullrich, Sebastian; Kovačević, Borislav; Xie, Xiulan; Sundermeyer, Jörg (2019). "Phosphazenyl Phosphines: The Most Electron-Rich Uncharged Phosphorus Brønsted and Lewis Bases". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 58 (30): 10335–10339. doi:10.1002/anie.201903342. ISSN 1521-3773. PMID 31037821. S2CID 140304424.
Ullrich, Sebastian; Kovačević, Borislav; Koch, Björn; Harms, Klaus; Sundermeyer, Jörg (2019). "Design of non-ionic carbon superbases: second generation carbodiphosphoranes". Chemical Science. 10 (41): 9483–9492. doi:10.1039/C9SC03565F. ISSN 2041-6520. PMC 6993619. PMID 32055322.

Superbase (English Wikipedia)

acs.org (Global: 865th place; English: 887th place)

pubs.acs.org

adsabs.harvard.edu (Global: 14th place; English: 9th place)

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

bbc.co.uk (Global: 11th place; English: 10th place)

doi.org (Global: 2nd place; English: 2nd place)

irb.hr (Global: 8,570th place; English: 9,226th place)