Supercomputer (English Wikipedia)

DeBenedictis, Erik P. (2005). "Reversible logic for supercomputing". Proceedings of the 2nd conference on Computing frontiers. ACM Press. pp. 391–402. ISBN 978-1-59593-019-4.

acronym.org.uk

"Disarmament Diplomacy: – DOE Supercomputing & Test Simulation Programme". Acronym.org.uk. 22 August 2000. Archived from the original on 16 May 2013. Retrieved 8 July 2011.

admin-magazine.com

Eadline, Douglas. "Moving HPC to the Cloud". Admin Magazine. Retrieved 30 March 2019.

anandtech.com

Anand Lal Shimpi. "Inside the Titan Supercomputer: 299K AMD x86 Cores and 18.6K NVIDIA GPUs". 2012.

anl.gov

alcf.anl.gov

"Intrepid". Argonne Leadership Computing Facility. Argonne National Laboratory. Archived from the original on 7 May 2013. Retrieved 26 March 2020.

archive.org

Paul E. Ceruzzi (2003). A History of Modern Computing. MIT Press. p. 161. ISBN 978-0-262-53203-7.
John Impagliazzo; John A. N. Lee (2004). History of computing in education. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 172. ISBN 978-1-4020-8135-4.
Prodan, Radu; Fahringer, Thomas (2007). Grid computing: experiment management, tool integration, and scientific workflows. Springer. pp. 1–4. ISBN 978-3-540-69261-4.
Electronic Frontier Foundation (1998). Cracking DES – Secrets of Encryption Research, Wiretap Politics & Chip Design. Oreilly & Associates Inc. ISBN 978-1-56592-520-5.
James H. Laros III; Kevin Pedretti; Suzanne M. Kelly; Wei Shu; Kurt Ferreira; John Van Dyke; Courtenay Vaughan (2012). Energy-Efficient High Performance Computing: Measurement and Tuning. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 1. ISBN 9781447144922.
James H. Laros III; Kevin Pedretti; Suzanne M. Kelly; Wei Shu; Kurt Ferreira; John Van Dyke; Courtenay Vaughan (2012). Energy-Efficient High Performance Computing: Measurement and Tuning. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 2. ISBN 9781447144922.
James H. Laros III; Kevin Pedretti; Suzanne M. Kelly; Wei Shu; Kurt Ferreira; John Van Dyke; Courtenay Vaughan (2012). Energy-Efficient High Performance Computing: Measurement and Tuning. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 3. ISBN 9781447144922.

archive.today

"Intrepid". Argonne Leadership Computing Facility. Argonne National Laboratory. Archived from the original on 7 May 2013. Retrieved 26 March 2020.
Balandin, Alexander A. (October 2009). "Better Computing Through CPU Cooling". IEEE. Archived from the original on 14 July 2012.

arxiv.org

Curtis Storlie; Joe Sexton; Scott Pakin; Michael Lang; Brian Reich; William Rust. "Modeling and Predicting Power Consumption of High-Performance Computing Jobs". 2014.

boincstats.com

"BOINC Combined". BOINCstats. BOINC. Archived from the original on 19 September 2010. Retrieved 30 October 2016Note this link will give current statistics, not those on the date last accessed.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link)

books.google.com

Hannan, Caryn (2008). Wisconsin Biographical Dictionary. State History Publications. pp. 83–84. ISBN 978-1-878592-63-7.
Andrew R. L. Cayton; Richard Sisson; Chris Zacher (2006). The American Midwest: An Interpretive Encyclopedia. Indiana University Press. p. 1489. ISBN 978-0-253-00349-2.
Hans Hacker; Carsten Trinitis; Josef Weidendorfer; Matthias Brehm (2010). "Considering GPGPU for HPC Centers: Is It Worth the Effort?". In Rainer Keller; David Kramer; Jan-Philipp Weiss (eds.). Facing the Multicore-Challenge: Aspects of New Paradigms and Technologies in Parallel Computing. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 118–121. ISBN 978-3-642-16232-9.
Xingfu Wu (1999). Performance Evaluation, Prediction and Visualization of Parallel Systems. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 114–117. ISBN 978-0-7923-8462-5.

brainyquote.com

"Seymour Cray Quotes". BrainyQuote.

businesswire.com

"Lenovo Attains Status as Largest Global Provider of TOP500 Supercomputers". Business Wire. 25 June 2018.

cnet.com

news.cnet.com

Martin LaMonica (10 May 2010). "CNet 10 May 2010". News.cnet.com. Archived from the original on 1 November 2013. Retrieved 9 June 2012.

cnn.com

"Government unveils world's fastest computer". CNN. Archived from the original on 10 June 2008. performing 376 million calculations for every watt of electricity used.
Andrew, Scottie (19 March 2020). "The world's fastest supercomputer identified chemicals that could stop coronavirus from spreading, a crucial step toward a treatment". CNN. Retrieved 12 May 2020.

computer-museum.ru

Due to Soviet propaganda, it can be read sometimes that the Soviet supercomputer M13 was the first to reach the gigaflops barrier. Actually, the M13 building began in 1984, but it was not operational before 1986. Rogachev Yury Vasilievich, Russian Virtual Computer Museum

computer.org

"David Bader Selected to Receive the 2021 IEEE Computer Society Sidney Fernbach Award". IEEE Computer Society. 22 September 2021. Retrieved 12 October 2023.

computer50.org

The Atlas, University of Manchester, archived from the original on 28 July 2012, retrieved 21 September 2010

computergk.com

Steve Nelson (3 October 2014). "ComputerGK.com : Supercomputers".

computerhistory.org

archive.computerhistory.org

"The Cray-1 Computer System" (PDF). Cray Research, Inc. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022. Retrieved 25 May 2011.

datacenterknowledge.com

"IBM Research A Clear Winner in Green 500". 18 November 2010.

doe.gov

netl.doe.gov

"The NETL SuperComputer" Archived 4 September 2015 at the Wayback Machine. page 2.

doi.org

N. Hirose & M. Fukuda (1997). "Numerical Wind Tunnel (NWT) and CFD Research at National Aerospace Laboratory". Proceedings High Performance Computing on the Information Superhighway. HPC Asia '97. Proceedings of HPC-Asia '97. IEEE Computer SocietyPages. pp. 99–103. doi:10.1109/HPC.1997.592130. ISBN 0-8186-7901-8.
Bader, David A. (2021). "Linux and Supercomputing: How My Passion for Building COTS Systems Led to an HPC Revolution". IEEE Annals of the History of Computing. 43 (3): 73–80. doi:10.1109/MAHC.2021.3101415. S2CID 237318907.
Niu, Yanwei; Hu, Ziang; Barner, Kenneth; Gao, Guang R. (2005). "Performance Modelling and Optimization of Memory Access on Cellular Computer Architecture Cyclops64" (PDF). Network and Parallel Computing. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Vol. 3779. pp. 132–143. doi:10.1007/11577188_18. ISBN 978-3-540-29810-6. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022.
C. Donninger, U. Lorenz. The Chess Monster Hydra. Proc. of 14th International Conference on Field-Programmable Logic and Applications (FPL), 2004, Antwerp – Belgium, LNCS 3203, pp. 927 – 932
Xue-June Yang; Xiang-Ke Liao; et al. (2011). "The TianHe-1A Supercomputer: Its Hardware and Software". Journal of Computer Science and Technology. 26 (3): 344–351. doi:10.1007/s02011-011-1137-8. S2CID 1389468.
Wu-chun Feng (2003). "Making a Case for Efficient Supercomputing | ACM Queue Magazine, Volume 1 Issue 7, 10 January 2003 doi 10.1145/957717.957772". Queue. 1 (7): 54. doi:10.1145/957717.957772. S2CID 11283177.
Jamalian, S.; Rajaei, H. (1 March 2015). "ASETS: A SDN Empowered Task Scheduling System for HPCaaS on the Cloud". 2015 IEEE International Conference on Cloud Engineering. pp. 329–334. doi:10.1109/IC2E.2015.56. ISBN 978-1-4799-8218-9. S2CID 10974077.
Jamalian, S.; Rajaei, H. (1 June 2015). "Data-Intensive HPC Tasks Scheduling with SDN to Enable HPC-as-a-Service". 2015 IEEE 8th International Conference on Cloud Computing. pp. 596–603. doi:10.1109/CLOUD.2015.85. ISBN 978-1-4673-7287-9. S2CID 10141367.
Gupta, A.; Milojicic, D. (1 October 2011). "Evaluation of HPC Applications on Cloud". 2011 Sixth Open Cirrus Summit. pp. 22–26. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.294.3936. doi:10.1109/OCS.2011.10. ISBN 978-0-7695-4650-6. S2CID 9405724.
Kim, H.; el-Khamra, Y.; Jha, S.; Parashar, M. (1 December 2009). "An Autonomic Approach to Integrated HPC Grid and Cloud Usage". 2009 Fifth IEEE International Conference on e-Science. pp. 366–373. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.455.7000. doi:10.1109/e-Science.2009.58. ISBN 978-1-4244-5340-5. S2CID 11502126.
Dongarra, Jack J.; Luszczek, Piotr; Petitet, Antoine (2003), "The LINPACK Benchmark: past, present and future" (PDF), Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience, 15 (9): 803–820, doi:10.1002/cpe.728, S2CID 1900724
Joshi, Rajani R. (9 June 1998). "A new heuristic algorithm for probabilistic optimization". Computers & Operations Research. 24 (7): 687–697. doi:10.1016/S0305-0548(96)00056-1.
Solem, J. C. (1985). "MECA: A multiprocessor concept specialized to Monte Carlo". Monte-Carlo Methods and Applications in Neutronics, Photonics and Statistical Physics. Lecture Notes in Physics. Vol. 240. Proceedings of the Joint los Alamos National Laboratory – Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique Meeting Held at Cadarache Castle, Provence, France 22–26 April 1985; Monte-Carlo Methods and Applications in Neutronics, Photonics and Statistical Physics, Alcouffe, R.; Dautray, R.; Forster, A.; Forster, G.; Mercier, B.; Eds. (Springer Verlag, Berlin). pp. 184–195. Bibcode:1985LNP...240..184S. doi:10.1007/BFb0049047. ISBN 978-3-540-16070-0. OSTI 5689714.

ebsco.com

"IBM Drops 'Blue Waters' Supercomputer Project". International Business Times. 9 August 2011. Retrieved 14 December 2018. – via EBSCO (subscription required)

ebscohost.com

search.ebscohost.com

"IBM Drops 'Blue Waters' Supercomputer Project". International Business Times. 9 August 2011. Retrieved 14 December 2018. – via EBSCO (subscription required)

energy.gov

nnsa.energy.gov

"Supercomputers". U.S. Department of Energy. Archived from the original on 7 March 2017. Retrieved 7 March 2017.

eso.org

"Wide-angle view of the ALMA correlator". ESO Press Release. Retrieved 13 February 2013.

foldingathome.org

stats.foldingathome.org

Pande lab. "Client Statistics by OS". Folding@home. Stanford University. Retrieved 10 April 2020.

forbes.com

Cohen, Reuven (28 November 2013). "Global Bitcoin Computing Power Now 256 Times Faster Than Top 500 Supercomputers, Combined!". Forbes. Retrieved 1 December 2017.

fujitsu.com

"VPP500 (1992) - Fujitsu Global".

gatech.edu

cc.gatech.edu

N. R. Agida; et al. (2005). "Blue Gene/L Torus Interconnection Network | IBM Journal of Research and Development" (PDF). Torus Interconnection Network. p. 265. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 August 2011.

ghostarchive.org

Niu, Yanwei; Hu, Ziang; Barner, Kenneth; Gao, Guang R. (2005). "Performance Modelling and Optimization of Memory Access on Cellular Computer Architecture Cyclops64" (PDF). Network and Parallel Computing. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Vol. 3779. pp. 132–143. doi:10.1007/11577188_18. ISBN 978-3-540-29810-6. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022.
"The Cray-1 Computer System" (PDF). Cray Research, Inc. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022. Retrieved 25 May 2011.

green500.org

"The Green 500". Green500.org. Archived from the original on 26 August 2016. Retrieved 14 August 2011.
"Green 500 list". Green500.org. Archived from the original on 3 July 2011. Retrieved 16 March 2020.

h-online.com

"IDF: Intel says Moore's Law holds until 2029". Heise Online. 4 April 2008. Archived from the original on 8 December 2013.

handle.net

hdl.handle.net

Saed G. Younis. "Asymptotically Zero Energy Computing Using Split-Level Charge Recovery Logic". 1994. page 14.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Solem, J. C. (1985). "MECA: A multiprocessor concept specialized to Monte Carlo". Monte-Carlo Methods and Applications in Neutronics, Photonics and Statistical Physics. Lecture Notes in Physics. Vol. 240. Proceedings of the Joint los Alamos National Laboratory – Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique Meeting Held at Cadarache Castle, Provence, France 22–26 April 1985; Monte-Carlo Methods and Applications in Neutronics, Photonics and Statistical Physics, Alcouffe, R.; Dautray, R.; Forster, A.; Forster, G.; Mercier, B.; Eds. (Springer Verlag, Berlin). pp. 184–195. Bibcode:1985LNP...240..184S. doi:10.1007/BFb0049047. ISBN 978-3-540-16070-0. OSTI 5689714.

hpcwire.com

Feldman, Michael (11 October 2011). "GPUs Will Morph ORNL's Jaguar into 20-Petaflop Titan". Hpcwire.com.
"IBM Roadrunner Takes the Gold in the Petaflop Race". Archived from the original on 17 December 2008. Retrieved 16 March 2020.

ibm.com

www-03.ibm.com

"IBM Blue gene announcement". 03.ibm.com. 26 June 2007. Archived from the original on 8 July 2007. Retrieved 9 June 2012.
"IBM Hot Water-Cooled Supercomputer Goes Live at ETH Zurich". IBM News room. 2 July 2010. Archived from the original on 10 January 2011. Retrieved 16 March 2020.

ieee.org

spectrum.ieee.org

Anderson, Mark (21 June 2017). "Global Race Toward Exascale Will Drive Supercomputing, AI to Masses." Spectrum.IEEE.org. Retrieved 20 January 2019.
Balandin, Alexander A. (October 2009). "Better Computing Through CPU Cooling". IEEE. Archived from the original on 14 July 2012.

intelfreepress.com

"Green Supercomputer Crunches Big Data in Iceland". intelfreepress.com. 21 May 2015. Archived from the original on 20 May 2015. Retrieved 18 May 2015.

ipsj.or.jp

museum.ipsj.or.jp

"LINKS-1 Computer Graphics System-Computer Museum". museum.ipsj.or.jp.

itnews.com.au

"Green 500 list ranks supercomputers". iTnews Australia. Archived from the original on 22 October 2008.

iu.edu

kb.iu.edu

"Understanding measures of supercomputer performance and storage system capacity". Indiana University. Retrieved 3 December 2017.

kuleuven.be

cosic.esat.kuleuven.be

"EFF DES Cracker Source Code". Cosic.esat.kuleuven.be. Retrieved 8 July 2011.

medicalexpo.com

emag.medicalexpo.com

"IBM's Summit—The Supercomputer Fighting Coronavirus". MedicalExpo e-Magazine. 16 April 2020. Retrieved 12 May 2020.

meritalk.com

"OSTP Funding Supercomputer Research to Combat COVID-19 – MeriTalk". Retrieved 12 May 2020.

mersenne.org

"Internet PrimeNet Server Distributed Computing Technology for the Great Internet Mersenne Prime Search". GIMPS. Retrieved 6 June 2011.

nationalgeographic.com

news.nationalgeographic.com

"Faster Supercomputers Aiding Weather Forecasts". News.nationalgeographic.com. 28 October 2010. Archived from the original on 5 September 2005. Retrieved 8 July 2011.

nea.fr

"Abstract for SAMSY – Shielding Analysis Modular System". OECD Nuclear Energy Agency, Issy-les-Moulineaux, France. Retrieved 25 May 2011.

netlib.org

"TOP500 Annual Report 1994". Netlib.org. 1 October 1996. Retrieved 9 June 2012.
Dongarra, Jack J.; Luszczek, Piotr; Petitet, Antoine (2003), "The LINPACK Benchmark: past, present and future" (PDF), Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience, 15 (9): 803–820, doi:10.1002/cpe.728, S2CID 1900724

newscientist.com

Knight, Will: "IBM creates world's most powerful computer", NewScientist.com news service, June 2007

nextbigfuture.com

"EU $1.2 supercomputer project to several 10-100 PetaFLOP computers by 2020 and exaFLOP by 2022 | NextBigFuture.com". NextBigFuture.com. 4 February 2018. Retrieved 21 May 2018.

nvidia.com

pressroom.nvidia.com

"NVIDIA Tesla GPUs Power World's Fastest Supercomputer" (Press release). Nvidia. 29 October 2010. Archived from the original on 2 March 2014. Retrieved 21 February 2011.

blogs.nvidia.com

"China's Investment in GPU Supercomputing Begins to Pay Off Big Time!". Blogs.nvidia.com. Archived from the original on 5 July 2011. Retrieved 8 July 2011.

nytimes.com

Lohr, Steve (8 June 2018). "Move Over, China: U.S. Is Again Home to World's Speediest Supercomputer". New York Times. Retrieved 19 July 2018.

osti.gov

Solem, J. C. (1985). "MECA: A multiprocessor concept specialized to Monte Carlo". Monte-Carlo Methods and Applications in Neutronics, Photonics and Statistical Physics. Lecture Notes in Physics. Vol. 240. Proceedings of the Joint los Alamos National Laboratory – Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique Meeting Held at Cadarache Castle, Provence, France 22–26 April 1985; Monte-Carlo Methods and Applications in Neutronics, Photonics and Statistical Physics, Alcouffe, R.; Dautray, R.; Forster, A.; Forster, G.; Mercier, B.; Eds. (Springer Verlag, Berlin). pp. 184–195. Bibcode:1985LNP...240..184S. doi:10.1007/BFb0049047. ISBN 978-3-540-16070-0. OSTI 5689714.

patch.com

odenton.patch.com

Lemke, Tim (8 May 2013). "NSA Breaks Ground on Massive Computing Center". Retrieved 11 December 2013.

pcmag.com

Damon Poeter (11 October 2011). "Cray's Titan Supercomputer for ORNL Could Be World's Fastest". Pcmag.com.

pcworld.com

Niccolai, James (11 August 2009). "Penguin Puts High-performance Computing in the Cloud". PCWorld. IDG Consumer & SMB. Retrieved 6 June 2016.

pnl.gov

"Hot Topic – the Problem of Cooling Supercomputers" Archived 18 January 2015 at the Wayback Machine.

psu.edu

citeseerx.ist.psu.edu

H. Fujii, Y. Yasuda, H. Akashi, Y. Inagami, M. Koga, O. Ishihara, M. Syazwan, H. Wada, T. Sumimoto, Architecture and performance of the Hitachi SR2201 massively parallel processor system, Proceedings of 11th International Parallel Processing Symposium, April 1997, pages 233–241.
A.J. van der Steen, Overview of recent supercomputers, Publication of the NCF, Stichting Nationale Computer Faciliteiten, the Netherlands, January 1997.
Kravtsov, Valentin; Carmeli, David; Dubitzky, Werner; Orda, Ariel; Schuster, Assaf; Yoshpa, Benny. "Quasi-opportunistic supercomputing in grids, hot topic paper (2007)". IEEE International Symposium on High Performance Distributed Computing. IEEE. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.135.8993. Retrieved 4 August 2011.
Gupta, A.; Milojicic, D. (1 October 2011). "Evaluation of HPC Applications on Cloud". 2011 Sixth Open Cirrus Summit. pp. 22–26. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.294.3936. doi:10.1109/OCS.2011.10. ISBN 978-0-7695-4650-6. S2CID 9405724.
Kim, H.; el-Khamra, Y.; Jha, S.; Parashar, M. (1 December 2009). "An Autonomic Approach to Integrated HPC Grid and Cloud Usage". 2009 Fifth IEEE International Conference on e-Science. pp. 366–373. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.455.7000. doi:10.1109/e-Science.2009.58. ISBN 978-1-4244-5340-5. S2CID 11502126.

riken.jp

RIKEN press release, Completion of a one-petaFLOPS computer system for simulation of molecular dynamics Archived 2 December 2012 at the Wayback Machine

sciencedirect.com

Condon, J.H. and K.Thompson, "Belle Chess Hardware", In Advances in Computer Chess 3 (ed.M.R.B.Clarke), Pergamon Press, 1982.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Bader, David A. (2021). "Linux and Supercomputing: How My Passion for Building COTS Systems Led to an HPC Revolution". IEEE Annals of the History of Computing. 43 (3): 73–80. doi:10.1109/MAHC.2021.3101415. S2CID 237318907.
Xue-June Yang; Xiang-Ke Liao; et al. (2011). "The TianHe-1A Supercomputer: Its Hardware and Software". Journal of Computer Science and Technology. 26 (3): 344–351. doi:10.1007/s02011-011-1137-8. S2CID 1389468.
Wu-chun Feng (2003). "Making a Case for Efficient Supercomputing | ACM Queue Magazine, Volume 1 Issue 7, 10 January 2003 doi 10.1145/957717.957772". Queue. 1 (7): 54. doi:10.1145/957717.957772. S2CID 11283177.
Jamalian, S.; Rajaei, H. (1 March 2015). "ASETS: A SDN Empowered Task Scheduling System for HPCaaS on the Cloud". 2015 IEEE International Conference on Cloud Engineering. pp. 329–334. doi:10.1109/IC2E.2015.56. ISBN 978-1-4799-8218-9. S2CID 10974077.
Jamalian, S.; Rajaei, H. (1 June 2015). "Data-Intensive HPC Tasks Scheduling with SDN to Enable HPC-as-a-Service". 2015 IEEE 8th International Conference on Cloud Computing. pp. 596–603. doi:10.1109/CLOUD.2015.85. ISBN 978-1-4673-7287-9. S2CID 10141367.
Gupta, A.; Milojicic, D. (1 October 2011). "Evaluation of HPC Applications on Cloud". 2011 Sixth Open Cirrus Summit. pp. 22–26. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.294.3936. doi:10.1109/OCS.2011.10. ISBN 978-0-7695-4650-6. S2CID 9405724.
Kim, H.; el-Khamra, Y.; Jha, S.; Parashar, M. (1 December 2009). "An Autonomic Approach to Integrated HPC Grid and Cloud Usage". 2009 Fifth IEEE International Conference on e-Science. pp. 366–373. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.455.7000. doi:10.1109/e-Science.2009.58. ISBN 978-1-4244-5340-5. S2CID 11502126.
Dongarra, Jack J.; Luszczek, Piotr; Petitet, Antoine (2003), "The LINPACK Benchmark: past, present and future" (PDF), Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience, 15 (9): 803–820, doi:10.1002/cpe.728, S2CID 1900724

serverwatch.com

"Top500 Supercomputing List Reveals Computing Trends". 20 July 2010. IBM... BlueGene/Q system .. setting a record in power efficiency with a value of 1,680 MFLOPS/W, more than twice that of the next best system.

springer.com

link.springer.com

Niu, Yanwei; Hu, Ziang; Barner, Kenneth; Gao, Guang R. (2005). "Performance Modelling and Optimization of Memory Access on Cellular Computer Architecture Cyclops64" (PDF). Network and Parallel Computing. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Vol. 3779. pp. 132–143. doi:10.1007/11577188_18. ISBN 978-3-540-29810-6. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022.

techpowerup.com

"AMD Playstation 5 GPU Specs". TechPowerUp. Retrieved 11 September 2021.
"NVIDIA GeForce GT 730 Specs". TechPowerUp. Retrieved 11 September 2021.

theregister.co.uk

Prickett, Timothy (31 May 2010). "Top 500 supers – The Dawning of the GPUs". Theregister.co.uk.
Timothy Prickett Morgan (11 October 2011). "Oak Ridge changes Jaguar's spots from CPUs to GPUs". Theregister.co.uk.
"IBM uncloaks 20 petaflops BlueGene/Q super". The Register. 22 November 2010. Retrieved 25 November 2010.
Prickett, Timothy (15 July 2011). "The Register: IBM 'Blue Waters' super node washes ashore in August". Theregister.co.uk. Retrieved 9 June 2012.

top500.org

"Frontier keeps top spot, but Aurora officially becomes the second exascale machine". Top 500. Retrieved 13 October 2024.
"Operating system Family / Linux". TOP500.org. Retrieved 30 November 2017.
"El Capitan achieves top spot, Frontier and Aurora follow behind". www.top500.org. Retrieved 19 November 2024.
"Japan Captures TOP500 Crown with Arm-Powered Supercomputer - TOP500 website". www.top500.org.
"Performance Development". www.top500.org. Retrieved 27 October 2022.
"Green500 List - November 2018". TOP500. Retrieved 19 July 2018.
"Top500 OS chart". Top500.org. Archived from the original on 5 March 2012. Retrieved 31 October 2010.
"Frequently Asked Questions". TOP500.org. Retrieved 3 December 2017.
"Top500 lists". Top500.org. Retrieved 3 August 2024.
"November 2022 | TOP500". www.top500.org. Retrieved 7 December 2022.
"China Tops Supercomputer Rankings with New 93-Petaflop Machine | TOP500". www.top500.org.
"Tianhe-2A - TH-IVB-FEP Cluster, Intel Xeon E5-2692v2 12C 2.2GHz, TH Express-2, Matrix-2000 | TOP500 Supercomputer Sites". www.top500.org. Retrieved 16 November 2022.

ucsd.edu

ucsdnews.ucsd.edu

"Supercomputer Simulations Help Advance Electrochemical Reaction Research". ucsdnews.ucsd.edu. Retrieved 12 May 2020.

unt.edu

digital.library.unt.edu

Solem, J. C. (1985). "MECA: A multiprocessor concept specialized to Monte Carlo". Monte-Carlo Methods and Applications in Neutronics, Photonics and Statistical Physics. Lecture Notes in Physics. Vol. 240. Proceedings of the Joint los Alamos National Laboratory – Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique Meeting Held at Cadarache Castle, Provence, France 22–26 April 1985; Monte-Carlo Methods and Applications in Neutronics, Photonics and Statistical Physics, Alcouffe, R.; Dautray, R.; Forster, A.; Forster, G.; Mercier, B.; Eds. (Springer Verlag, Berlin). pp. 184–195. Bibcode:1985LNP...240..184S. doi:10.1007/BFb0049047. ISBN 978-3-540-16070-0. OSTI 5689714.

web.archive.org

"IBM Blue gene announcement". 03.ibm.com. 26 June 2007. Archived from the original on 8 July 2007. Retrieved 9 June 2012.
The Atlas, University of Manchester, archived from the original on 28 July 2012, retrieved 21 September 2010
N. R. Agida; et al. (2005). "Blue Gene/L Torus Interconnection Network | IBM Journal of Research and Development" (PDF). Torus Interconnection Network. p. 265. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 August 2011.
"The NETL SuperComputer" Archived 4 September 2015 at the Wayback Machine. page 2.
RIKEN press release, Completion of a one-petaFLOPS computer system for simulation of molecular dynamics Archived 2 December 2012 at the Wayback Machine
"NVIDIA Tesla GPUs Power World's Fastest Supercomputer" (Press release). Nvidia. 29 October 2010. Archived from the original on 2 March 2014. Retrieved 21 February 2011.
"The Green 500". Green500.org. Archived from the original on 26 August 2016. Retrieved 14 August 2011.
"Green 500 list ranks supercomputers". iTnews Australia. Archived from the original on 22 October 2008.
"IBM Hot Water-Cooled Supercomputer Goes Live at ETH Zurich". IBM News room. 2 July 2010. Archived from the original on 10 January 2011. Retrieved 16 March 2020.
Martin LaMonica (10 May 2010). "CNet 10 May 2010". News.cnet.com. Archived from the original on 1 November 2013. Retrieved 9 June 2012.
"Government unveils world's fastest computer". CNN. Archived from the original on 10 June 2008. performing 376 million calculations for every watt of electricity used.
"IBM Roadrunner Takes the Gold in the Petaflop Race". Archived from the original on 17 December 2008. Retrieved 16 March 2020.
"Green 500 list". Green500.org. Archived from the original on 3 July 2011. Retrieved 16 March 2020.
"Hot Topic – the Problem of Cooling Supercomputers" Archived 18 January 2015 at the Wayback Machine.
An Evaluation of the Oak Ridge National Laboratory Cray XT3 by Sadaf R. Alam etal International Journal of High Performance Computing Applications February 2008 vol. 22 no. 1 52–80
"Top500 OS chart". Top500.org. Archived from the original on 5 March 2012. Retrieved 31 October 2010.
"BOINC Combined". BOINCstats. BOINC. Archived from the original on 19 September 2010. Retrieved 30 October 2016Note this link will give current statistics, not those on the date last accessed.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link)
"Disarmament Diplomacy: – DOE Supercomputing & Test Simulation Programme". Acronym.org.uk. 22 August 2000. Archived from the original on 16 May 2013. Retrieved 8 July 2011.
"China's Investment in GPU Supercomputing Begins to Pay Off Big Time!". Blogs.nvidia.com. Archived from the original on 5 July 2011. Retrieved 8 July 2011.
"Faster Supercomputers Aiding Weather Forecasts". News.nationalgeographic.com. 28 October 2010. Archived from the original on 5 September 2005. Retrieved 8 July 2011.
"Supercomputers". U.S. Department of Energy. Archived from the original on 7 March 2017. Retrieved 7 March 2017.
DeBenedictis, Erik P. (2004). "The Path To Extreme Computing" (PDF). Zettaflops. Sandia National Laboratories. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 August 2007. Retrieved 9 September 2020.
"IDF: Intel says Moore's Law holds until 2029". Heise Online. 4 April 2008. Archived from the original on 8 December 2013.
"Green Supercomputer Crunches Big Data in Iceland". intelfreepress.com. 21 May 2015. Archived from the original on 20 May 2015. Retrieved 18 May 2015.

wikichip.org

en.wikichip.org

"Matrix-2000 - NUDT - WikiChip". en.wikichip.org. Retrieved 19 July 2019.

zenodo.org

Jamalian, S.; Rajaei, H. (1 March 2015). "ASETS: A SDN Empowered Task Scheduling System for HPCaaS on the Cloud". 2015 IEEE International Conference on Cloud Engineering. pp. 329–334. doi:10.1109/IC2E.2015.56. ISBN 978-1-4799-8218-9. S2CID 10974077.
Jamalian, S.; Rajaei, H. (1 June 2015). "Data-Intensive HPC Tasks Scheduling with SDN to Enable HPC-as-a-Service". 2015 IEEE 8th International Conference on Cloud Computing. pp. 596–603. doi:10.1109/CLOUD.2015.85. ISBN 978-1-4673-7287-9. S2CID 10141367.

zettaflops.org

DeBenedictis, Erik P. (2004). "The Path To Extreme Computing" (PDF). Zettaflops. Sandia National Laboratories. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 August 2007. Retrieved 9 September 2020.