References analysis of the Wikipedia article "Surf scoter" in the English version

archive.org

Boie, Friedrich (1822). Tagebuch gehalten auf einer Reise durch Norwegen im Jahre 1817 (in German). Schleswig: Königl Taubstummen - Institut. pp. 308, 351.

Jobling, James A (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. pp. 246, 299. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.

Johnsgard, Paul A. (1975). Waterfowl of North America. New Haven (USA): Indiana University Press. pp. 432–438. ISBN 978-0-253-36360-2.

doi.org

BirdLife International (2018). "Melanitta perspicillata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T22680441A132528934. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22680441A132528934.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.

Livezey, Bradley C. (1995). "Phylogeny and evolutionary ecology of modern seaducks (Anatidae: Mergini)". The Condor. 97 (1): 233–255. doi:10.2307/1368999. JSTOR 1368999.

Gonzalez, J.; Düttmann, H.; Wink, M. (2009). "Phylogenetic relationships based on two mitochondrial genes and hybridization patterns in Anatidae". Journal of Zoology. 279 (3): 310–318. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7998.2009.00622.x.

Iverson, Samuel A.; Esler, Daniel; Boyd, W. Sean (2003). "Plumage characteristics as an indicator of age class in the surf scoter". Waterbirds. 26 (1): 56–61. doi:10.1675/1524-4695(2003)026[0056:pcaaio]2.0.co;2. S2CID 12421202.

Uher-Koch, Brian D.; Esler, Daniel; Iverson, Samuel A.; Ward, David H.; Boyd, W. Sean; Kirk, Molly; Lewis, Tyler L.; VanStratt, Corey S.; Brodhead, Katherine M.; Hupp, Jerry W.; Schmutz, Joel A. (21 January 2016). "Interacting effects of latitude, mass, age, and sex on winter survival of Surf Scoters (Melanitta perspicillata): implications for differential migration". Canadian Journal of Zoology. 94 (3): 233–241. Bibcode:2016CaJZ...94..233U. doi:10.1139/cjz-2015-0107. S2CID 26254444.

De La Cruz, S. E. W.; Takekawa, J. Y.; Wilson, M. T.; Nysewander, D. R.; Evenson, J. R.; Esler, D.; Boyd, W. S.; Ward, D. H. (2009). "Spring migration routes and chronology of surf scoters (Melanitta perspicillata): a synthesis of Pacific coast studies". Canadian Journal of Zoology. 87 (11): 1069–1086. Bibcode:2009CaJZ...87.1069D. doi:10.1139/Z09-099. S2CID 21198645.

Lesage, Louis; Reed, Austin; Savard, Jean-Pierre L. (2008). "Duckling survival and use of space by surf scoter (Melanitta perspicillata) broods". Écoscience. 15 (1): 81–88. doi:10.2980/1195-6860(2008)15[81:dsauos]2.0.co;2. S2CID 83674060.

Anderson, Eric M.; Lovvorn, James R. (2011). "Contrasts in energy status and marine foraging strategies of white-winged scoters (Melanitta fusca) and surf scoters (M. perspicillata)". The Auk. 128 (2): 248–257. doi:10.1525/auk.2011.10088. S2CID 36679056.

Anderson, Eric M.; Lovvorn, James R. (25 October 2012). "Seasonal dynamics of prey size mediate complementary functions of mussel beds and seagrass habitats for an avian predator" (PDF). Marine Ecology Progress Series. 467: 219–232. Bibcode:2012MEPS..467..219A. doi:10.3354/meps09943. Retrieved 10 October 2017.

Lewis, Tyler L.; Esler, Daniel; Boyd, W. Sean (2007). "Foraging behaviors of surf scoters and white-winged scoters during spawning of Pacific herring" (PDF). The Condor. 109 (1): 216–222. doi:10.1650/0010-5422(2007)109[216:fbossa]2.0.co;2. Retrieved 10 October 2017.

Kirk, Molly K.; Esler, Daniel; Boyd, Sean W. (2007). "Foraging effort of surf scoters (Melanitta perspicillata) wintering in a spatially and temporarily prey landscape". Canadian Journal of Zoology. 85 (12): 1207–1215. doi:10.1139/Z07-105. S2CID 19237705.

Anderson, Eric M.; Lovvorn, James R.; Wilson, Matthew T. (2008). "Reevaluating marine diets of surf and white-winged scoters: Interspecific differences and the importance of soft-bodied prey". The Condor. 110 (2): 285–295. doi:10.1525/cond.2008.8458. S2CID 86840303.

Beauchamp, Guy (1992). "Diving behavior in surf scoters and Barrow's goldeneyes". The Auk. 109 (4): 819–827. doi:10.2307/4088156. JSTOR 4088156.

Skerratt, Lee F.; Franson, J. Christian; Meteyer, Carol U.; Hollmén, Tuula E. (2005). "Causes of mortality in sea ducks (Mergini) necropsied at the USGS-National wildlife health center". Waterbirds. 28 (2): 193–207. doi:10.1675/1524-4695(2005)028[0193:comisd]2.0.co;2. JSTOR 4132527. S2CID 86513784.

Anderson, Eric M.; Esler, Daniel; Boyd, W. Sean; Evenson, Joseph R.; Nysewander, David R.; Ward, David H.; Dickson, Ryan D.; Uher-Koch, Brian D.; VanStratt, Corey S.; Hupp, Jerry W. (2012). "Predation rates, timing, and predator composition for Scoters (Melanitta spp.) in marine habitats". Canadian Journal of Zoology. 90 (1): 42–50. Bibcode:2012CaJZ...90...42A. doi:10.1139/Z11-110. S2CID 32915468.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

iucnredlist.org

jstor.org

Livezey, Bradley C. (1995). "Phylogeny and evolutionary ecology of modern seaducks (Anatidae: Mergini)". The Condor. 97 (1): 233–255. doi:10.2307/1368999. JSTOR 1368999.

Beauchamp, Guy (1992). "Diving behavior in surf scoters and Barrow's goldeneyes". The Auk. 109 (4): 819–827. doi:10.2307/4088156. JSTOR 4088156.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Surf scoter (English Wikipedia)

allaboutbirds.org

archive.org

biodiversitylibrary.org

cbc.ca