Surgery (English Wikipedia)

Fingar KR, Stocks C, Weiss AJ, Steiner CA (December 2014). "Most Frequent Operating Room Procedures Performed in U.S. Hospitals, 2003–2012". HCUP Statistical Brief No. 186. Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. Archived from the original on 3 May 2015.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

The Medical times: a journal of medical science, literature, criticism, and news. 1845/46, Sept. - Apr. 1846.^{[page needed]}
Martin S (2007). Minor Surgical Procedures for Nurses and Allied Healthcare Professionals. England: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. p. 122. ISBN 978-0-470-01990-0.
Page 2 in: Spry C (2009). Essentials of perioperative nursing. Sudbury, Mass: Jones and Bartlett Publishers. ISBN 978-0-7637-5881-3. OCLC 227920274.
Risse GB (1999). Mending Bodies, Saving Souls: A History of Hospitals. Oxford University Press. p. 56. ISBN 978-0-19-505523-8.
Zimmerman LM, Veith I (1993). Great Ideas in the History of Surgery. Norman Publishing. pp. 82–83. ISBN 978-0-930405-53-3. Retrieved 3 December 2012.

cancer.gov (Global: 1,684^th place; English: 1,350^th place)

"segmental resection". National Cancer Institute Dictionary of Cancer Terms. Retrieved 31 July 2020.

cancernetwork.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Wagman LD. "Principles of Surgical Oncology" Archived 15 May 2009 at the Wayback Machine in Pazdur R, Wagman LD, Camphausen KA, Hoskins WJ (Eds) Cancer Management: A Multidisciplinary Approach Archived 4 October 2013 at the Wayback Machine. 11 ed. 2008.

choosingwisely.org (Global: 7,197^th place; English: 4,379^th place)

American College of Radiology. "Five Things Physicians and Patients Should Question". Choosing Wisely: An Initiative of the ABIM Foundation. Archived from the original on 10 February 2013. Retrieved 17 August 2012., citing
- "American College of Radiology ACR Appropriateness Criteria". American College of Radiology. 2000. Archived from the original on 10 February 2013. Retrieved 4 September 2012.
- American Society for Clinical Pathology, "Five Things Physicians and Patients Should Question", Choosing Wisely: an initiative of the ABIM Foundation, American Society for Clinical Pathology, archived from the original on 1 September 2013, retrieved 1 August 2013, which cites
  1. - Keay L, Lindsley K, Tielsch J, Katz J, Schein O (January 2019). "Routine preoperative medical testing for cataract surgery". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 1 (1) CD007293. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD007293.pub4. PMC 6353242. PMID 30616299.
    - American Academy of Dermatology (February 2013), "Five Things Physicians and Patients Should Question", Choosing Wisely: an initiative of the ABIM Foundation, American Academy of Dermatology, archived from the original on 1 December 2013, retrieved 5 December 2013, which cites
      - Sheth VM, Weitzul S (2008). "Postoperative topical antimicrobial use". Dermatitis. 19 (4): 181–189. doi:10.2310/6620.2008.07094. PMID 18674453.

clinicsinsurgery.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Aluwihare AP (3 August 2021). "Surgical Instruments at the Alahana Parivena Hospital in Polonnaruwa" (PDF). Clinics in Surgery. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 October 2022. Retrieved 5 September 2023.

collinsdictionary.com (Global: 1,053^rd place; English: 701^st place)

"Doctor's surgery". Collins English Dictionary. Archived from the original on 10 February 2018. Retrieved 10 February 2018.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Vila H, Desai MS, Miguel RV (2008). "Office-based anesthesia". Handbook of Ambulatory Anesthesia. pp. 283–324. doi:10.1007/978-0-387-73329-6_11. ISBN 978-0-387-73328-9.
Debas HT, Donkor P, Gawande A, Jamison DT, Kruk ME, Mock CN (2015). Debas HT, Donkor P, Gawande A, Jamison DT, Kruk ME, Mock CN (eds.). Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition (Volume 1): Essential Surgery. doi:10.1596/978-1-4648-0346-8. hdl:10986/21568. ISBN 978-1-4648-0346-8. PMID 26740991.^{[page needed]}
American Society for Clinical Pathology, "Five Things Physicians and Patients Should Question", Choosing Wisely: an initiative of the ABIM Foundation, American Society for Clinical Pathology, archived from the original on 1 September 2013, retrieved 1 August 2013, which cites
1. - Keay L, Lindsley K, Tielsch J, Katz J, Schein O (January 2019). "Routine preoperative medical testing for cataract surgery". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 1 (1) CD007293. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD007293.pub4. PMC 6353242. PMID 30616299.
  - Wade RG, Burr NE, McCauley G, Bourke G, Efthimiou O (December 2021). "The Comparative Efficacy of Chlorhexidine Gluconate and Povidone-iodine Antiseptics for the Prevention of Infection in Clean Surgery: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis". Annals of Surgery. 274 (6): e481–e488. doi:10.1097/SLA.0000000000004076. PMID 32773627.
  - Küçükkartallar T, Gündeş E, Yılmaz H, Aksoy F (1 March 2013). "A case of multiorgan resection for locally advanced stomach cancer". Turkish Journal of Surgery/Ulusal Cerrahi Dergisi. 29 (1): 31–32. doi:10.5152/UCD.2013.07. PMC 4379777. PMID 25931839.
  - Bori E, Galbusera F, Innocenti B (2022). "Hip prosthesis: Biomechanics and design". Human Orthopaedic Biomechanics. pp. 361–376. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-824481-4.00032-9. ISBN 978-0-12-824481-4.
  - Whitehead A, Cataldo P (22 May 2017). "Technical Considerations in Stoma Creation". Clinics in Colon and Rectal Surgery. 30 (3): 162–171. doi:10.1055/s-0037-1598156. PMC 5498162. PMID 28684933.
  - Nouh MR (2012). "Spinal fusion-hardware construct: Basic concepts and imaging review". World Journal of Radiology. 4 (5): 193–207. doi:10.4329/wjr.v4.i5.193 (inactive 2 January 2026). PMC 3386531. PMID 22761979.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of January 2026 (link)
  - Gillern S, Bleier JI (2014). "Parastomal Hernia Repair and Reinforcement: The Role of Biologic and Synthetic Materials". Clinics in Colon and Rectal Surgery. 27 (4): 162–171. doi:10.1055/s-0034-1394090. PMC 4226750. PMID 25435825.
  - Askitopoulou H, Konsolaki E, Ramoutsaki IA, Anastassaki M (2002). "Surgical cures under sleep induction in the Asclepieion of Epidauros". International Congress Series. 1242: 11–17. doi:10.1016/S0531-5131(02)00717-3.
  - Doyle SL, Lysaght J, Reynolds JV (December 2010). "Obesity and post-operative complications in patients undergoing non-bariatric surgery". Obesity Reviews. 11 (12): 875–886. doi:10.1111/j.1467-789X.2009.00700.x. PMID 20025695.
  - Hines S, Steels E, Chang A, Gibbons K (March 2018). "Aromatherapy for treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2018 (3) CD007598. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD007598.pub3. PMC 6494172. PMID 29523018.
  - Huang J, Shi Z, Duan FF, Fan MX, Yan S, Wei Y, et al. (June 2021). "Benefits of Early Ambulation in Elderly Patients Undergoing Lumbar Decompression and Fusion Surgery: A Prospective Cohort Study". Orthopaedic Surgery. 13 (4): 1319–1326. doi:10.1111/os.12953. PMC 8274205. PMID 33960687.
  - American Academy of Dermatology (February 2013), "Five Things Physicians and Patients Should Question", Choosing Wisely: an initiative of the ABIM Foundation, American Academy of Dermatology, archived from the original on 1 December 2013, retrieved 5 December 2013, which cites
    - Sheth VM, Weitzul S (2008). "Postoperative topical antimicrobial use". Dermatitis. 19 (4): 181–189. doi:10.2310/6620.2008.07094. PMID 18674453.
    - Heal CF, Banks JL, Lepper PD, Kontopantelis E, van Driel ML (November 2016). "Topical antibiotics for preventing surgical site infection in wounds healing by primary intention". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2016 (11) CD011426. doi:10.1002/14651858.cd011426.pub2. PMC 6465080. PMID 27819748.
    - Aylin P, Alexandrescu R, Jen MH, Mayer EK, Bottle A (May 2013). "Day of week of procedure and 30 day mortality for elective surgery: retrospective analysis of hospital episode statistics". BMJ. 346 f2424. doi:10.1136/bmj.f2424. PMC 3665889. PMID 23716356.
    - Doleman B, Leonardi-Bee J, Heinink TP, Bhattacharjee D, Lund JN, Williams JP (December 2018). "Pre-emptive and preventive opioids for postoperative pain in adults undergoing all types of surgery". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2018 (12) CD012624. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD012624.pub2. PMC 6517298. PMID 30521692.
    - Yang MM, Hartley RL, Leung AA, Ronksley PE, Jetté N, Casha S, et al. (April 2019). "Preoperative predictors of poor acute postoperative pain control: a systematic review and meta-analysis". BMJ Open. 9 (4) e025091. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2018-025091. PMC 6500309. PMID 30940757.
    - Allvin R, Berg K, Idvall E, Nilsson U (March 2007). "Postoperative recovery: a concept analysis". Journal of Advanced Nursing. 57 (5): 552–558. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2648.2006.04156.x. PMID 17284272.
    - Lin X, Chen Y, Zhang P, Chen G, Zhou Y, Yu X (February 2020). "The potential mechanism of postoperative cognitive dysfunction in older people". Experimental Gerontology. 130 110791. doi:10.1016/j.exger.2019.110791. PMID 31765741.
    - Ghoneim MM, O'Hara MW (2 February 2016). "Depression and postoperative complications: an overview". BMC Surgery. 16 5. doi:10.1186/s12893-016-0120-y. PMC 4736276. PMID 26830195.
    - Makary MA, Segev DL, Pronovost PJ, Syin D, Bandeen-Roche K, Patel P, et al. (June 2010). "Frailty as a predictor of surgical outcomes in older patients". Journal of the American College of Surgeons. 210 (6): 901–908. doi:10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2010.01.028. PMID 20510798.
    - Bath M, Bashford T, Fitzgerald JE (2019). "What is 'global surgery'? Defining the multidisciplinary interface between surgery, anaesthesia and public health". BMJ Global Health. 4 (5) e001808. doi:10.1136/bmjgh-2019-001808. PMC 6830053. PMID 31749997.
    - Farmer PE, Kim JY (April 2008). "Surgery and global health: a view from beyond the OR". World Journal of Surgery. 32 (4): 533–536. doi:10.1007/s00268-008-9525-9. PMC 2267857. PMID 18311574.
    - Dare AJ, Grimes CE, Gillies R, Greenberg SL, Hagander L, Meara JG, et al. (December 2014). "Global surgery: defining an emerging global health field". Lancet. 384 (9961): 2245–2247. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60237-3. PMID 24853601.
    - Meara JG, Leather AJ, Hagander L, Alkire BC, Alonso N, Ameh EA, et al. (August 2015). "Global Surgery 2030: evidence and solutions for achieving health, welfare, and economic development". Lancet. 386 (9993): 569–624. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(15)60160-X. PMID 25924834.
    - Weiser TG, Regenbogen SE, Thompson KD, Haynes AB, Lipsitz SR, Berry WR, et al. (July 2008). "An estimation of the global volume of surgery: a modelling strategy based on available data". Lancet. 372 (9633): 139–144. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60878-8. PMID 18582931.
    - O'Neill KM, Greenberg SL, Cherian M, Gillies RD, Daniels KM, Roy N, et al. (November 2016). "Bellwether Procedures for Monitoring and Planning Essential Surgical Care in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Caesarean Delivery, Laparotomy, and Treatment of Open Fractures". World Journal of Surgery. 40 (11): 2611–2619. doi:10.1007/s00268-016-3614-y. PMID 27351714.
    - Xu K, Evans DB, Kawabata K, Zeramdini R, Klavus J, Murray CJ (July 2003). "Household catastrophic health expenditure: a multicountry analysis". Lancet. 362 (9378): 111–117. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(03)13861-5. PMID 12867110.
    - Price R, Makasa E, Hollands M (September 2015). "World Health Assembly Resolution WHA68.15: "Strengthening Emergency and Essential Surgical Care and Anesthesia as a Component of Universal Health Coverage"—Addressing the Public Health Gaps Arising from Lack of Safe, Affordable and Accessible Surgical and Anesthetic Services". World Journal of Surgery. 39 (9): 2115–2125. doi:10.1007/s00268-015-3153-y. PMID 26239773.
    - Chao TE, Sharma K, Mandigo M, Hagander L, Resch SC, Weiser TG, et al. (June 2014). "Cost-effectiveness of surgery and its policy implications for global health: a systematic review and analysis". The Lancet. Global Health. 2 (6): e334–e345. doi:10.1016/S2214-109X(14)70213-X. PMID 25103302.
    - Truché P, Shoman H, Reddy CL, Jumbam DT, Ashby J, Mazhiqi A, et al. (January 2020). "Globalization of national surgical, obstetric and anesthesia plans: the critical link between health policy and action in global surgery". Globalization and Health. 16 (1) 1. doi:10.1186/s12992-019-0531-5. PMC 6941290. PMID 31898532.
    - Meara JG, Leather AJ, Hagander L, Alkire BC, Alonso N, Ameh EA, et al. (February 2016). "Global Surgery 2030: evidence and solutions for achieving health, welfare, and economic development". International Journal of Obstetric Anesthesia. 25: 75–78. doi:10.1016/j.ijoa.2015.09.006. PMID 26597405.
    - Shiffman MA (2013). "History of Cosmetic Surgery". Cosmetic Surgery. pp. 3–28. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-21837-8_1. ISBN 978-3-642-21836-1.
    - Sullivan R (August 1996). "The identity and work of the ancient Egyptian surgeon". Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine. 89 (8): 467–473. doi:10.1177/014107689608900813. PMC 1295891. PMID 8795503.
    - Pormann PE (2004). "Influence". The Oriental Tradition of Paul of Aegina's Pragmateia. pp. 293–309. doi:10.1163/9789047413899_014. ISBN 978-90-474-1389-9.
    - Ahmad Z (2007). "Sh08Al-Zahrawi – the Father of Surgery". Anz Journal of Surgery. 77. doi:10.1111/j.1445-2197.2007.04130_8.x.
    - Ignjatović M (2003). "Pregled istorijata hirurgije štitaste žlezde" [Historical review of the thyroid gland surgery]. Acta Chirurgica Iugoslavica (in Serbian). 50 (3): 9–36. doi:10.2298/aci0303009i. PMID 15179751.
    - Aschoff A, Kremer P, Hashemi B, Kunze S (October 1999). "The scientific history of hydrocephalus and its treatment". Neurosurgical Review. 22 (2–3): 67–93, discussion 94–95. doi:10.1007/s101430050035. PMID 10547004.
    - Hernigou P (2013). "Ambroise Paré II: Paré's contributions to amputation and ligature". International Orthopaedics. 37 (4): 769–772. doi:10.1007/s00264-013-1857-x. PMC 3609990. PMID 23474839.
    - Lister J (March 1867). "On a new method of treating compound fracture, abscess, etc.: with observations on the conditions of suppuration". The Lancet. 89 (2272): 326–329. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(02)51192-2.
      Five articles running from:^{[full citation needed]}
      Volume 89, Issue 2272, 16 March 1867, pp. 326–29 (Originally published as Volume 1, Issue 2272)
      to:
      Volume 90, Issue 2291, 27 July 1867, pp. 95–96 Originally published as Volume 2, Issue 2291
    - Lister J (September 1867). "On the Antiseptic Principle in the Practice of Surgery". British Medical Journal. 2 (351): 246–248. doi:10.1136/bmj.2.351.246. PMC 2310614. PMID 20744875.. Reprinted in Lister BJ (August 2010). "The classic: On the antiseptic principle in the practice of surgery. 1867". Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research. 468 (8): 2012–2016. doi:10.1007/s11999-010-1320-x. PMC 2895849. PMID 20361283.

edupub.gov.lk (Global: low place; English: low place)

Somadewa, Raj; Rev. Deerananda, Hanguranketha; Kannangara, Padmasiri; Senadhiraja, Anusha; Gunawardhana, W. S. Shiromala (2014). History - Grade 10 (PDF). Translated by Bandara, A.B.S. Aloka. Educational Publications Department. ISBN 978-955-25-0663-5.

fordham.edu (Global: 1,648^th place; English: 1,137^th place)

Lister J. "Modern History Sourcebook: Joseph Lister (1827–1912): Antiseptic Principle Of The Practice Of Surgery, 1867". Fordham University. Archived from the original on 7 November 2011. Retrieved 2 September 2011.Modernized version of text

gutenberg.org (Global: 489^th place; English: 377^th place)

Lister J (December 2007). On the Antiseptic Principle of the Practice of Surgery by Baron Joseph Lister. Project Gutenberg. Archived from the original on 9 October 2011. Retrieved 2 September 2011. E-text, audio at Project Gutenberg.

handle.net (Global: 102^nd place; English: 76^th place)

hdl.handle.net

Debas HT, Donkor P, Gawande A, Jamison DT, Kruk ME, Mock CN (2015). Debas HT, Donkor P, Gawande A, Jamison DT, Kruk ME, Mock CN (eds.). Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition (Volume 1): Essential Surgery. doi:10.1596/978-1-4648-0346-8. hdl:10986/21568. ISBN 978-1-4648-0346-8. PMID 26740991.^{[page needed]}

healio.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"John Hunter: 'Founder of Scientific Surgery'". Archived from the original on 14 December 2013. Retrieved 17 December 2012.

hhrjournal.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

McQueen KA, Ozgediz D, Riviello R, Hsia RY, Jayaraman S, Sullivan SR, et al. (June 2010). "Essential surgery: Integral to the right to health". Health and Human Rights. 12 (1): 137–152. PMID 20930260.

iaas-med.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Lemos P, Jarrett P, Philip B, eds. (2006). Day surgery: development and practice (PDF). London: International Association for Ambulatory Surgery. ISBN 978-989-20-0234-7. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 November 2020. Retrieved 11 June 2018.

islamicity.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Tschanz DW (2 August 2016). "Pioneer Muslim Physicians". IslamiCity. Archived from the original on 21 March 2017.^{[better source needed]}

livescience.com (Global: 1,190^th place; English: 959^th place)

Laura Geggel (29 September 2021). "Byzantine warrior with gold-threaded jaw unearthed in Greece". Live Science.

medlineplus.gov (Global: 1,581^st place; English: 1,299^th place)

MedlinePlus Encyclopedia: The day of your surgery - adult

merriam-webster.com (Global: 209^th place; English: 191^st place)

"extirpation". Merriam-Webster dictionary. Retrieved 20 February 2020.

nih.gov (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Debas HT, Donkor P, Gawande A, Jamison DT, Kruk ME, Mock CN (2015). Debas HT, Donkor P, Gawande A, Jamison DT, Kruk ME, Mock CN (eds.). Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition (Volume 1): Essential Surgery. doi:10.1596/978-1-4648-0346-8. hdl:10986/21568. ISBN 978-1-4648-0346-8. PMID 26740991.^{[page needed]}
American Society for Clinical Pathology, "Five Things Physicians and Patients Should Question", Choosing Wisely: an initiative of the ABIM Foundation, American Society for Clinical Pathology, archived from the original on 1 September 2013, retrieved 1 August 2013, which cites
1. - Keay L, Lindsley K, Tielsch J, Katz J, Schein O (January 2019). "Routine preoperative medical testing for cataract surgery". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 1 (1) CD007293. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD007293.pub4. PMC 6353242. PMID 30616299.
  - Wade RG, Burr NE, McCauley G, Bourke G, Efthimiou O (December 2021). "The Comparative Efficacy of Chlorhexidine Gluconate and Povidone-iodine Antiseptics for the Prevention of Infection in Clean Surgery: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis". Annals of Surgery. 274 (6): e481–e488. doi:10.1097/SLA.0000000000004076. PMID 32773627.
  - Küçükkartallar T, Gündeş E, Yılmaz H, Aksoy F (1 March 2013). "A case of multiorgan resection for locally advanced stomach cancer". Turkish Journal of Surgery/Ulusal Cerrahi Dergisi. 29 (1): 31–32. doi:10.5152/UCD.2013.07. PMC 4379777. PMID 25931839.
  - Alvi S, Patel BC (2025). "Nasal Fracture Reduction". StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing. PMID 30855883.
  - Sung S, Abramovitz A (2025). "Tubal Ligation (Archived)". StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing. PMID 31751063.
  - Prohaska J, Cook C (2025). "Skin Grafting(Archived)". StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing. PMID 30422469.
  - Whitehead A, Cataldo P (22 May 2017). "Technical Considerations in Stoma Creation". Clinics in Colon and Rectal Surgery. 30 (3): 162–171. doi:10.1055/s-0037-1598156. PMC 5498162. PMID 28684933.
  - Nouh MR (2012). "Spinal fusion-hardware construct: Basic concepts and imaging review". World Journal of Radiology. 4 (5): 193–207. doi:10.4329/wjr.v4.i5.193 (inactive 2 January 2026). PMC 3386531. PMID 22761979.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of January 2026 (link)
  - Gillern S, Bleier JI (2014). "Parastomal Hernia Repair and Reinforcement: The Role of Biologic and Synthetic Materials". Clinics in Colon and Rectal Surgery. 27 (4): 162–171. doi:10.1055/s-0034-1394090. PMC 4226750. PMID 25435825.
  - Doyle SL, Lysaght J, Reynolds JV (December 2010). "Obesity and post-operative complications in patients undergoing non-bariatric surgery". Obesity Reviews. 11 (12): 875–886. doi:10.1111/j.1467-789X.2009.00700.x. PMID 20025695.
  - Pastorino A, Tavarez MM (2025). "Incision and Drainage". StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing. PMID 32310532.
  - Hines S, Steels E, Chang A, Gibbons K (March 2018). "Aromatherapy for treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2018 (3) CD007598. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD007598.pub3. PMC 6494172. PMID 29523018.
  - Huang J, Shi Z, Duan FF, Fan MX, Yan S, Wei Y, et al. (June 2021). "Benefits of Early Ambulation in Elderly Patients Undergoing Lumbar Decompression and Fusion Surgery: A Prospective Cohort Study". Orthopaedic Surgery. 13 (4): 1319–1326. doi:10.1111/os.12953. PMC 8274205. PMID 33960687.
  - American Academy of Dermatology (February 2013), "Five Things Physicians and Patients Should Question", Choosing Wisely: an initiative of the ABIM Foundation, American Academy of Dermatology, archived from the original on 1 December 2013, retrieved 5 December 2013, which cites
    - Sheth VM, Weitzul S (2008). "Postoperative topical antimicrobial use". Dermatitis. 19 (4): 181–189. doi:10.2310/6620.2008.07094. PMID 18674453.
    - Heal CF, Banks JL, Lepper PD, Kontopantelis E, van Driel ML (November 2016). "Topical antibiotics for preventing surgical site infection in wounds healing by primary intention". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2016 (11) CD011426. doi:10.1002/14651858.cd011426.pub2. PMC 6465080. PMID 27819748.
    - Aylin P, Alexandrescu R, Jen MH, Mayer EK, Bottle A (May 2013). "Day of week of procedure and 30 day mortality for elective surgery: retrospective analysis of hospital episode statistics". BMJ. 346 f2424. doi:10.1136/bmj.f2424. PMC 3665889. PMID 23716356.
    - Doleman B, Leonardi-Bee J, Heinink TP, Bhattacharjee D, Lund JN, Williams JP (December 2018). "Pre-emptive and preventive opioids for postoperative pain in adults undergoing all types of surgery". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2018 (12) CD012624. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD012624.pub2. PMC 6517298. PMID 30521692.
    - Yang MM, Hartley RL, Leung AA, Ronksley PE, Jetté N, Casha S, et al. (April 2019). "Preoperative predictors of poor acute postoperative pain control: a systematic review and meta-analysis". BMJ Open. 9 (4) e025091. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2018-025091. PMC 6500309. PMID 30940757.
    - Allvin R, Berg K, Idvall E, Nilsson U (March 2007). "Postoperative recovery: a concept analysis". Journal of Advanced Nursing. 57 (5): 552–558. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2648.2006.04156.x. PMID 17284272.
    - Lin X, Chen Y, Zhang P, Chen G, Zhou Y, Yu X (February 2020). "The potential mechanism of postoperative cognitive dysfunction in older people". Experimental Gerontology. 130 110791. doi:10.1016/j.exger.2019.110791. PMID 31765741.
    - Ghoneim MM, O'Hara MW (2 February 2016). "Depression and postoperative complications: an overview". BMC Surgery. 16 5. doi:10.1186/s12893-016-0120-y. PMC 4736276. PMID 26830195.
    - Weiss AJ, Elixhauser A, Andrews RM (2006). "Characteristics of Operating Room Procedures in U.S. Hospitals, 2011". Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) Statistical Briefs. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US). PMID 24716251.
    - Weiss AJ, Elixhauser A (2006). "Trends in Operating Room Procedures in U.S. Hospitals, 2001–2011". Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) Statistical Briefs. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US). PMID 24851286.
    - Weiss AJ, Barrett ML, Steiner CA (2006). "Trends and Projections in Inpatient Hospital Costs and Utilization, 2003–2013". Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) Statistical Briefs. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US). PMID 25165806.
    - Moore B, Levit K, Elixhauser A (2006). "Costs for Hospital Stays in the United States, 2012". Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) Statistical Briefs. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US). PMID 25521003.
    - Makary MA, Segev DL, Pronovost PJ, Syin D, Bandeen-Roche K, Patel P, et al. (June 2010). "Frailty as a predictor of surgical outcomes in older patients". Journal of the American College of Surgeons. 210 (6): 901–908. doi:10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2010.01.028. PMID 20510798.
    - Bath M, Bashford T, Fitzgerald JE (2019). "What is 'global surgery'? Defining the multidisciplinary interface between surgery, anaesthesia and public health". BMJ Global Health. 4 (5) e001808. doi:10.1136/bmjgh-2019-001808. PMC 6830053. PMID 31749997.
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    - Dare AJ, Grimes CE, Gillies R, Greenberg SL, Hagander L, Meara JG, et al. (December 2014). "Global surgery: defining an emerging global health field". Lancet. 384 (9961): 2245–2247. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60237-3. PMID 24853601.
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