Survival of the fittest (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Survival of the fittest" in English language version.

refsWebsite

Global rank English rank

14web.archive.org

1^st place

5books.google.com

3^rd place

5nih.gov

4^th place

4darwin-online.org.uk

2,821^st place

2,253^rd place

4doi.org

2^nd place

1vedantu.com

low place

1darwinproject.ac.uk

low place

8,570^th place

1bepress.com

7,958^th place

5,250^th place

1harvard.edu

18^th place

17^th place

1uni-kassel.de

low place

1evolutioncognition.wordpress.com

low place

1talkorigins.org

9,502^nd place

low place

1uni-heidelberg.de

1,681^st place

2,023^rd place

1princeton.edu

741^st place

577^th place

1uni-goettingen.de

2,594^th place

2,546^th place

bepress.com

works.bepress.com

"Letter 5140 – Wallace, A. R. to Darwin, C. R., 2 July 1866". Darwin Correspondence Project. Archived from the original on 25 November 2010. Retrieved 12 January 2010.
"Letter 5145 – Darwin, C. R. to Wallace, A. R., 5 July (1866)". Darwin Correspondence Project. Archived from the original on 13 May 2011. Retrieved 12 January 2010.
^ "Herbert Spencer in his Principles of Biology of 1864, vol. 1, p. 444, wrote: 'This survival of the fittest, which I have here sought to express in mechanical terms, is that which Mr. Darwin has called "natural selection", or the preservation of favoured races in the struggle for life.'" Maurice E. Stucke, Better Competition Advocacy, archived from the original on 30 April 2011, retrieved 29 August 2007, citing HERBERT SPENCER, THE PRINCIPLES OF BIOLOGY 444 (Univ. Press of the Pac. 2002.)

books.google.com

Spencer, Herbert (1864). Principles of Biology, Volume 1. Williams and Norgate. p. 444. But this survival of the fittest, implies multiplication of the fittest.
"Stephen Jay Gould, Darwin's Untimely Burial Archived 12 October 2023 at the Wayback Machine", 1976; from Philosophy of Biology:An Anthology, Alex Rosenberg, Robert Arp ed., John Wiley & Sons, May 2009, pp. 99–102.
Johnson, Curtis (2014). Darwin's Dice: The Idea of Chance in the Thought of Charles Darwin. Oxford University Press. p. 155. ISBN 9780199361434. Archived from the original on 12 October 2023. Retrieved 7 July 2020.
Herbert Spencer; Truxton Beale (1916), The Man Versus the State: A Collection of Essays, M. Kennerley (snippet)
Corey, Michael Anthony (1994), "Chapter 5. Natural Selection", Back to Darwin: the scientific case for Deistic evolution, Rowman and Littlefield, p. 147, ISBN 978-0-8191-9307-0

darwin-online.org.uk

"This preservation, during the battle for life, of varieties which possess any advantage in structure, constitution, or instinct, I have called Natural Selection; and Mr. Herbert Spencer has well expressed the same idea by the Survival of the Fittest. The term "natural selection" is in some respects a bad one, as it seems to imply conscious choice; but this will be disregarded after a little familiarity." Darwin, Charles (1868), The Variation of Animals and Plants Under Domestication, vol. 1 (1st ed.), London: John Murray, p. 6, archived from the original on 4 March 2016, retrieved 10 August 2015
Freeman, R. B. (1977), "On the Origin of Species", The Works of Charles Darwin: An Annotated Bibliographical Handlist (2nd ed.), Cannon House, Folkestone, Kent, England: Wm Dawson & Sons Ltd, archived from the original on 13 February 2011, retrieved 22 February 2009
"This preservation of favourable variations, and the destruction of injurious variations, I call Natural Selection, or the Survival of the Fittest." – Darwin, Charles (1869), On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life (5th ed.), London: John Murray, pp. 91–92, archived from the original on 24 May 2011, retrieved 22 February 2009
Darwin, Charles (1869), On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life (5th ed.), London: John Murray, p. 72, archived from the original on 24 May 2011, retrieved 22 February 2009

darwinproject.ac.uk

"Letter 5140 – Wallace, A. R. to Darwin, C. R., 2 July 1866". Darwin Correspondence Project. Archived from the original on 25 November 2010. Retrieved 12 January 2010.
"Letter 5145 – Darwin, C. R. to Wallace, A. R., 5 July (1866)". Darwin Correspondence Project. Archived from the original on 13 May 2011. Retrieved 12 January 2010.
^ "Herbert Spencer in his Principles of Biology of 1864, vol. 1, p. 444, wrote: 'This survival of the fittest, which I have here sought to express in mechanical terms, is that which Mr. Darwin has called "natural selection", or the preservation of favoured races in the struggle for life.'" Maurice E. Stucke, Better Competition Advocacy, archived from the original on 30 April 2011, retrieved 29 August 2007, citing HERBERT SPENCER, THE PRINCIPLES OF BIOLOGY 444 (Univ. Press of the Pac. 2002.)

doi.org

"Evolutionary biologists customarily employ the metaphor 'survival of the fittest,' which has a precise meaning in the context of mathematical population genetics, as a shorthand expression when describing evolutionary processes." Chew, Matthew K.; Laubichler, Manfred D. (4 July 2003), "PERCEPTIONS OF SCIENCE: Natural Enemies – Metaphor or Misconception?", Science, 301 (5629): 52–53, doi:10.1126/science.1085274, PMID 12846231
Susana M. Wadgymar; S. Caroline Daws; Jill T. Anderson (2017). "Integrating viability and fecundity selection to illuminate the adaptive nature of genetic clines". Evolution Letters. 1 (1): 26–39. doi:10.1002/evl3.3. PMC 6121800. PMID 30283636.
Sahney, S., Benton, M.J. and Ferry, P.A. (2010), "Links between global taxonomic diversity, ecological diversity and the expansion of vertebrates on land", Biology Letters, 6 (4): 544–547, doi:10.1098/rsbl.2009.1024, PMC 2936204, PMID 20106856.{{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Leonard, Thomas C. (2005), "Mistaking Eugenics for Social Darwinism: Why Eugenics is Missing from the History of American Economics" (PDF), History of Political Economy, 37 (supplement): 200–233, doi:10.1215/00182702-37-Suppl_1-200, archived (PDF) from the original on 21 August 2010, retrieved 21 November 2007

evolutioncognition.wordpress.com

Federico Morganti (26 May 2013). "Adaptation and Progress: Spencer's Criticism of Lamarck". Evolution & Cognition]. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 13 July 2015.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

U. Kutschera (14 March 2003), "A Comparative Analysis of the Darwin-Wallace Papers and the Development of the Concept of Natural Selection" (PDF), Theory in Biosciences, 122 (4), Institut für Biologie, Universität Kassel, Germany: 343, Bibcode:2003ThBio.122..343K, archived from the original (PDF) on 14 April 2008, retrieved 20 March 2008

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

"Evolutionary biologists customarily employ the metaphor 'survival of the fittest,' which has a precise meaning in the context of mathematical population genetics, as a shorthand expression when describing evolutionary processes." Chew, Matthew K.; Laubichler, Manfred D. (4 July 2003), "PERCEPTIONS OF SCIENCE: Natural Enemies – Metaphor or Misconception?", Science, 301 (5629): 52–53, doi:10.1126/science.1085274, PMID 12846231
Susana M. Wadgymar; S. Caroline Daws; Jill T. Anderson (2017). "Integrating viability and fecundity selection to illuminate the adaptive nature of genetic clines". Evolution Letters. 1 (1): 26–39. doi:10.1002/evl3.3. PMC 6121800. PMID 30283636.
Sahney, S., Benton, M.J. and Ferry, P.A. (2010), "Links between global taxonomic diversity, ecological diversity and the expansion of vertebrates on land", Biology Letters, 6 (4): 544–547, doi:10.1098/rsbl.2009.1024, PMC 2936204, PMID 20106856.{{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Susana M. Wadgymar; S. Caroline Daws; Jill T. Anderson (2017). "Integrating viability and fecundity selection to illuminate the adaptive nature of genetic clines". Evolution Letters. 1 (1): 26–39. doi:10.1002/evl3.3. PMC 6121800. PMID 30283636.
Sahney, S., Benton, M.J. and Ferry, P.A. (2010), "Links between global taxonomic diversity, ecological diversity and the expansion of vertebrates on land", Biology Letters, 6 (4): 544–547, doi:10.1098/rsbl.2009.1024, PMC 2936204, PMID 20106856.{{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

princeton.edu

Leonard, Thomas C. (2005), "Mistaking Eugenics for Social Darwinism: Why Eugenics is Missing from the History of American Economics" (PDF), History of Political Economy, 37 (supplement): 200–233, doi:10.1215/00182702-37-Suppl_1-200, archived (PDF) from the original on 21 August 2010, retrieved 21 November 2007

talkorigins.org

Colby, Chris (1996–1997), Introduction to Evolutionary Biology, TalkOrigins Archive, archived from the original on 6 July 2010, retrieved 22 February 2009

uni-goettingen.de

univerlag.uni-goettingen.de

Cf. von Sydow, M. (2012). From Darwinian Metaphysics towards Understanding the Evolution of Evolutionary Mechanisms: A Historical and Philosophical Analysis of Gene-Darwinism and Universal Darwinism Archived 30 October 2014 at the Wayback Machine. Universitätsverlag Göttingen.

uni-heidelberg.de

crisp.psi.uni-heidelberg.de

von Sydow, M. (2014). ‘Survival of the Fittest’ in Darwinian Metaphysics – Tautology or Testable Theory? Archived 3 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine (pp. 199–222) In E. Voigts, B. Schaff & M. Pietrzak-Franger (Eds.). Reflecting on Darwin. Farnham, London: Ashgate.

uni-kassel.de

U. Kutschera (14 March 2003), "A Comparative Analysis of the Darwin-Wallace Papers and the Development of the Concept of Natural Selection" (PDF), Theory in Biosciences, 122 (4), Institut für Biologie, Universität Kassel, Germany: 343, Bibcode:2003ThBio.122..343K, archived from the original (PDF) on 14 April 2008, retrieved 20 March 2008

vedantu.com

"Survival of The Fittest". vedantu.com. n.d. Archived from the original on 5 December 2023. Retrieved 30 November 2023.

web.archive.org

"Survival of The Fittest". vedantu.com. n.d. Archived from the original on 5 December 2023. Retrieved 30 November 2023.
"Letter 5140 – Wallace, A. R. to Darwin, C. R., 2 July 1866". Darwin Correspondence Project. Archived from the original on 25 November 2010. Retrieved 12 January 2010.
"Letter 5145 – Darwin, C. R. to Wallace, A. R., 5 July (1866)". Darwin Correspondence Project. Archived from the original on 13 May 2011. Retrieved 12 January 2010.
^ "Herbert Spencer in his Principles of Biology of 1864, vol. 1, p. 444, wrote: 'This survival of the fittest, which I have here sought to express in mechanical terms, is that which Mr. Darwin has called "natural selection", or the preservation of favoured races in the struggle for life.'" Maurice E. Stucke, Better Competition Advocacy, archived from the original on 30 April 2011, retrieved 29 August 2007, citing HERBERT SPENCER, THE PRINCIPLES OF BIOLOGY 444 (Univ. Press of the Pac. 2002.)
"This preservation, during the battle for life, of varieties which possess any advantage in structure, constitution, or instinct, I have called Natural Selection; and Mr. Herbert Spencer has well expressed the same idea by the Survival of the Fittest. The term "natural selection" is in some respects a bad one, as it seems to imply conscious choice; but this will be disregarded after a little familiarity." Darwin, Charles (1868), The Variation of Animals and Plants Under Domestication, vol. 1 (1st ed.), London: John Murray, p. 6, archived from the original on 4 March 2016, retrieved 10 August 2015
Freeman, R. B. (1977), "On the Origin of Species", The Works of Charles Darwin: An Annotated Bibliographical Handlist (2nd ed.), Cannon House, Folkestone, Kent, England: Wm Dawson & Sons Ltd, archived from the original on 13 February 2011, retrieved 22 February 2009
"This preservation of favourable variations, and the destruction of injurious variations, I call Natural Selection, or the Survival of the Fittest." – Darwin, Charles (1869), On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life (5th ed.), London: John Murray, pp. 91–92, archived from the original on 24 May 2011, retrieved 22 February 2009
"Stephen Jay Gould, Darwin's Untimely Burial Archived 12 October 2023 at the Wayback Machine", 1976; from Philosophy of Biology:An Anthology, Alex Rosenberg, Robert Arp ed., John Wiley & Sons, May 2009, pp. 99–102.
Johnson, Curtis (2014). Darwin's Dice: The Idea of Chance in the Thought of Charles Darwin. Oxford University Press. p. 155. ISBN 9780199361434. Archived from the original on 12 October 2023. Retrieved 7 July 2020.
U. Kutschera (14 March 2003), "A Comparative Analysis of the Darwin-Wallace Papers and the Development of the Concept of Natural Selection" (PDF), Theory in Biosciences, 122 (4), Institut für Biologie, Universität Kassel, Germany: 343, Bibcode:2003ThBio.122..343K, archived from the original (PDF) on 14 April 2008, retrieved 20 March 2008
Darwin, Charles (1869), On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life (5th ed.), London: John Murray, p. 72, archived from the original on 24 May 2011, retrieved 22 February 2009
Federico Morganti (26 May 2013). "Adaptation and Progress: Spencer's Criticism of Lamarck". Evolution & Cognition]. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 13 July 2015.
Colby, Chris (1996–1997), Introduction to Evolutionary Biology, TalkOrigins Archive, archived from the original on 6 July 2010, retrieved 22 February 2009
von Sydow, M. (2014). ‘Survival of the Fittest’ in Darwinian Metaphysics – Tautology or Testable Theory? Archived 3 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine (pp. 199–222) In E. Voigts, B. Schaff & M. Pietrzak-Franger (Eds.). Reflecting on Darwin. Farnham, London: Ashgate.
Leonard, Thomas C. (2005), "Mistaking Eugenics for Social Darwinism: Why Eugenics is Missing from the History of American Economics" (PDF), History of Political Economy, 37 (supplement): 200–233, doi:10.1215/00182702-37-Suppl_1-200, archived (PDF) from the original on 21 August 2010, retrieved 21 November 2007
Cf. von Sydow, M. (2012). From Darwinian Metaphysics towards Understanding the Evolution of Evolutionary Mechanisms: A Historical and Philosophical Analysis of Gene-Darwinism and Universal Darwinism Archived 30 October 2014 at the Wayback Machine. Universitätsverlag Göttingen.